<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>898</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>bachelorthesis</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2021-09-15</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>2021-08-09</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Degradation of the herbicide glyphosate in the presence of a second herbicide MCPA as a chemical stressor in agricultural soil</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Due to the common agricultural practice of mixing herbicides as well as the long persistence of certain herbicide residues, combinations of herbicides and their residues are often found in soil. These chemicals exert stress on soil microorganisms, affecting the biodegradation of herbicides. There has been little research examining herbicide degradation in the presence of another herbicide from the perspective of stress response using carbon-use efficiency (CUE) to quantify the modified metabolic processes. We investigated, in a 25-day incubation experiment, the effects of the herbicide 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), as an additional chemical stressor for soil microbes, on the degradation of glyphosate, by determining the 13C-labelled glyphosate-derived CO2 (G-derived CO2), 13C-labelled glyphosate incorporated into microbial biomass (G-derived Cmic), and finally the CUE. We observed statistically higher G-derived CO2 in the combined herbicide treatment compared to the treatment with only glyphosate. The G-derived Cmic was lower in the combined treatment than in the glyphosate only treatment, but the difference was not statistically significant. The CUE of soil microorganisms was lower in the combined treatment, but the results were not significant. Despite the statistical insignificance, a clear trend exists that suggests a more catabolic microbial metabolism under stress induced by the presence of a second herbicide MCPA.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <licence>CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International - Namensnennung-Nicht kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitungen</licence>
    <author>Rushan He</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Pesticide mixtures</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Glyphosate</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>MCPA</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Soil microbes</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Chemical stress and Carbon-use efficiency</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">Fakultät Life Sciences</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Hochschule Rhein-Waal</thesisPublisher>
    <thesisGrantor>Hochschule Rhein-Waal</thesisGrantor>
  </doc>
</export-example>
