@misc{Tewes, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Tewes, Thomas}, title = {Entwicklung einer Methode zur Identifizierung von Mikroorganismen {\"u}ber Raman-Spektroskopie}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-3212}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {100}, abstract = {Zielstellung: Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, eine Methode zur Identifizierung von Mikroorganismen {\"u}ber Mikro-Raman-Spektroskopie zu entwickeln. Daf{\"u}r musste zun{\"a}chst eine Methode gefunden werden, um Spektren verschiedener Mikroorganismen mit ausreichender Qualit{\"a}t zu erhalten. Im Anschluss sollte die Datensammlung erfolgen, bei der m{\"o}glichst viele repr{\"a}sentative Spektren gesammelt werden. Mit den Daten mussten danach Modelle zur Vorhersage unbekannter Raman-Spektren entwickelt werden, was eine entsprechende Datenvorbehandlung voraussetzte. Um die Praxistauglichkeit der Modelle zu pr{\"u}fen, sollten diese auf Spektren von Proben angewandt werden, die nicht in den Kalibrationssets enthalten waren. Neben der Entwicklung der Methode und der Vorhersagemodelle, sollten auch verschiedene Einfl{\"u}sse der Analysebedingungen ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden. Methoden: Neun verschiedene Mikroorganismen, die aus kryokonservierten Reinkulturen stammten, wurden bei 30 °C f{\"u}r 24 Stunden auf Trypton Soja Agar (TSA) bebr{\"u}tet. Die Spektrenaufzeichnung erfolgte bei einer Anregung von 633 nm {\"u}ber ein konfokales Raman-Mikroskop der Firma Renishaw. Sowohl die Datenvorbehandlung (Basislinienkorrektur, Gl{\"a}ttung, Normalisierung, Hauptkomponentenanalyse (PCA)), als auch die Modellentwicklung, erfolgte {\"u}ber die Software MATLAB. Es wurden verschiedene Klassifikationsverfahren angewandt, um ein Modell mit m{\"o}glichst guter Leistung zu finden. Ergebnisse: F{\"u}r die Entwicklung der Kalibrationsmodelle wurden insgesamt 2953 Raman-Spektren von neun verschiedenen Mikroorganismen gesammelt. St{\"o}rungen durch Fluoreszenz wurden durch Vorbestrahlung von bis zu 15 Minuten ausgebrannt. Die Modelle basierend auf der Quadratischen Diskriminanzanalyse (QDA), dem k-N{\"a}chster-Nachbar-Algorithmus (kNN) und der Support Vector Maschine (SVM), wurden mit verschiedener Anzahl an Hauptkomponenten und einer f{\"u}nffachen Kreuzvalidierung erstellt. Die theoretischen Vorhersageg{\"u}ten belaufen sich bei den genauesten Modellen auf 99,0 \% (QDA), 99,1 \% (kNN) und 99,7 \% (SVM). F{\"u}r die praktische Validierung wurden f{\"u}r jeden Mikroorganismus 100 weitere „unbekannte" Spektren gesammelt. Die Vorhersagegenauigkeiten in der Praxis belaufen sich auf 98,1 \% (QDA), 97,1 \% (kNN) und 97,0 \% (SVM). Diskussion: Eine zuverl{\"a}ssige Identifizierung der in dieser Arbeit untersuchten Mikroorganismen konnte {\"u}ber alle verwendeten Klassifikationsverfahren erreicht werden. Auf Stamm-ebene erzielt die SVM in der Praxis die genauesten Ergebnisse, jedoch nicht bei den restlichen Mikroorganismen. Die QDA erzielt in der Praxis etwas genauere Vorhersagen als das kNN-Modell, jedoch basiert das kNN-Modell mit der besten Leistung auf den wenigsten Hauptkomponenten. Dies kann als Vorteil angesehen werden, da weniger Dimensionen zur erfolgreichen Klassifizierung in der Regel robustere Modelle in der Praxis bedeuten.}, subject = {Raman-Spektroskopie}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Khedher, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Khedher, Lara}, title = {Evolution of CRISPR-Cas genome editing methods: Chances and challenges in biotechnology}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, CRISPR, are located on DNA sequences, which encode for an antiviral defense mechanism in bacteria and archaea. Together with CRISPR-associated proteins, Cas endonucleases, CRISPR-Cas has emerged into a powerful platform for editing DNA and RNA. This thesis investigates the evolution and function of this prokaryotic defense mechanism and points out the three most applied CRISPR-Cas systems in relation to current applications in biotechnology. Furthermore, chances and challenges of named systems as well as a guideline for choosing the appropriate system with Cas endonucleases is framed. Therefore, several scientific databases were screened for the most informative and influential publications around the topic. Information was collected and organized in a reference management software. The utilized literature was tabularly denoted and gives an overview of the broad scope of CRISPR-Cas. The analysis of the topic shows, that CRISPR-Cas offers a broad application range with a huge chance for genome editing. A conclusion of this thesis is, that CRISPR-Cas has an enormous potential to be implemented for human genome editing. However, its challenges should be cleared beforehand. Further research has to be done to fully understand the impact CRISPR-Cas may have in future.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Kieroth, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Kieroth, Alexander}, title = {An optimization approach for the distribution logistics using the example of the Vital Centrum Hodey KG}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {This thesis analyses how the Travelling Salesman Problem can be solved by applying the Simplex LP and the Evolutionary Algorithm with regards to driven kilometres. Each algorithm is solved by using the Excel Solver add-in provided by Microsoft Excel. The results of the two different algorithms are compared with the results of the route planning software PTV Map\&Guide Online for the purpose of having a proof that the software works efficiently. Using a cost analysis, the costs for delivering goods are calculated and compared with an external supplier who acted as the outbound logistics for the company HODEY. Now that the delivery is insourced, the costs can be reduced and HODEY gains more control over the outbound logistics. An approach on how to reduce the stop times at the customers' homes is analysed. Thus, the analysis provides information regarding where the delivery driver wastes most of their time. Additionally, an available space calculation of the delivery vehicles is carried out for the dispatching department of the company to avoid interim loading or unloading not planned for a delivery or retrieval tour}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Schneider, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Schneider, Mike}, title = {Untersuchung der zeitaufgel{\"o}sten Orangen{\"o}lausbeute am Beispiel einer Wasserdampfdestillation im Technikumsmaßstab}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-6374}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {67}, abstract = {Bei der industriellen Saftherstellung fallen große Mengen an Orangenschalen als Abfallprodukte an. Hierbei stellt sich die Frage: Wie k{\"o}nnen diese Stoffe wirtschaftlich und {\"o}kologisch zur {\"O}lgewinnung verwertet werden, sodass ein nutzbares Endprodukt entsteht? Das Ziel ist es, ein Orangen{\"o}l herzustellen, mit einem hohen Einzelstoffvorkommen an Limonen, mithilfe der Wasserdampfdestillation und einer speziellen eigenen Trennmethodik zu entwickeln. Die Trennung von fluiden Stoffen wird erl{\"a}utert und sichtbar dargestellt. W{\"a}hrend des Destillationsprozesses entstehen unterschiedliche Heizleistungen, die im Verlauf dieser Arbeit zur {\"O}lausbeute zum Zeitfaktor angepasst werden. Die erstellten Diagramme geben Aufschluss {\"u}ber die Dauer und die unterschiedlichen Heizleistungseinstellungen. Eine Trennung der Phasen w{\"a}hrend des Destillierprozesses wird detailliert dargestellt. Das hier verwendete Trennverfahren k{\"o}nnte zu weiteren Forschungsans{\"a}tzen dienen und weiter ausgebaut werden. Das bedeutet, dass die Destillationszeit anhand des verwendeten Verfahrens eingegrenzt werden kann. Die verminderte Destillationszeit, f{\"u}hrt zu Prozessoptimierung, welches durch die Energieeinsparung Produktionskosten senken k{\"o}nnte. Die gewonnene {\"O}lausbeute in finanzieller und {\"o}kologischer Sichtweise k{\"o}nnte einen industriellen Nutzen darstellen.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Voegerl, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {V{\"o}gerl, Jakob}, title = {Assessing the effect of N-fertilisation on biomass development and plant interactions in the ancient Milpa compared to pure stands and its potential to reduce fertiliser inputs in traditional small-scale farming}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-6214}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {55}, abstract = {Over the past years, nitrogen (N) fertilisation has been identified as an issue that has a major negative impact on the environment. Therefore, sustainable agricultural practices aim to reduce external fertiliser inputs and focus more on naturally available resources and sustainable cropping practices. One example of that is the ancient milpa polyculture which is practised by traditional small-scale farmers in Central America. It consists of climbing bean (Phaseolus vulgaris var. vulgaris), maize (Zea mays), and squash (Cucurbita moschata) that are said to represent a holistic symbiosis in which beans assume the task to accumulate additional nitrogen via N2-fixation and subsequently transfer it to its companions. The potential of intercropping, and thus nitrogen transfer to level out and reduce nitrogen fertiliser inputs compared to monocultures has not been assessed yet and little is known about the resulting practical implementation for small-scale farmers. Therefore, a pot trial with monoculture treatments (100 kg N/ha) of each crop and milpa treatments with varying levels of nitrogen fertilisation (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kg N/ha) was established. The intercropped beans were labelled with the 15N isotope using the cotton wick method to track nitrogen transfer in the system. Further, the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) was used to determine the productivity of the system. Results showed that all polyculture treatments performed similarly or significantly better than the pure stands in terms of total dry matter content per pot. Milpas provided with 100 and 25\% of the recommended nitrogen rate were most productive and achieved a total LER of 1.25 and 1.30, respectively. Also, the non-fertilised milpa was still as productive as the respective plants grown in a monoculture. Due to external reasons, the importance of nitrogen transfer and the related microorganisms could not be evaluated. However, growing a milpa instead of monocultures enables farmers to greatly reduce N fertiliser inputs and provides higher yields in the growing season, while other intercropping benefits are also present. It further has the potential to maintain yields and enhance natural nutrient cycling even if no fertiliser is applied.}, language = {en} } @misc{Maier, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Maier, Franziska}, title = {Komparative Analyse von Literaturdaten und Herstellerangaben zur Effektivit{\"a}t antimikrobiell ausger{\"u}steter Oberfl{\"a}chen}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Die schnelle Ausbreitung von Mikroorganismen wie Bakterien, Pilzen und Viren kann {\"a}ußerst sch{\"a}dlich sein und zu saisonalen Epidemien f{\"u}hren. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus k{\"o}nnen diese Mikroorganismen Lebensmittel und wichtige Materialien verunreinigen, was zu erheblichen wirtschaftlichen Verlusten f{\"u}hrt. Um die Ausbreitung von Mikroorganismen zu verhindern, ist es wichtig, die Wechselwirkungen zwischen verschiedenen Mikroben und Oberfl{\"a}chen zu verstehen, die zu deren Anhaftung und Wachstum f{\"u}hren. Ein solches Verst{\"a}ndnis ist entscheidend f{\"u}r die Entwicklung antimikrobieller Oberfl{\"a}chen. In dieser Arbeit werden verschiedene Ans{\"a}tze und Produkte zu den antimikrobiellen Oberfl{\"a}chen untersucht und Oberfl{\"a}cheneigenschaften mit antimikrobiellen Aktivit{\"a}ten in Beziehung gebracht und analysiert. Eine Gegen{\"u}berstellung der wichtigsten Hersteller von antimikrobiellen Oberfl{\"a}chen und deren Technologien wird durchgef{\"u}hrt und mit aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Studien belegt. Die {\"U}bersicht konzentriert sich auf die physikalische und chemische Modifizierung der Oberfl{\"a}chen, um die Benetzbarkeit, die Oberfl{\"a}chentopografie und die Oberfl{\"a}chenladung zu modulieren und so die Adh{\"a}sion, das Wachstum und die Vermehrung von Mikroben zu hemmen. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus werden die Anwendungsgebiete von antimikrobiellen Oberfl{\"a}chen dargestellt. Die allgemeinen Erwartungen an eine antimikrobielle Oberfl{\"a}che sind hoch, da sie die Anhaftung und das Wachstum von pathogenen Mikroben wirksam verhindern und langlebig sind. Sie sollen sicher f{\"u}r Mensch und Umwelt und m{\"o}glichst kosteng{\"u}nstig sein. Bislang wurde das Design antimikrobieller Oberfl{\"a}chen zumeist nach dem Zufallsprinzip durchgef{\"u}hrt, ohne dass f{\"u}r jede Designstrategie robuste Struktur-Aktivit{\"a}ts-Beziehungen oder die beabsichtigte Verwendung eines bestimmten antimikrobiellen Materials ber{\"u}cksichtigt wurden. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse der Systeme zur Entwicklung antimikrobieller Oberfl{\"a}chen kritisch diskutiert, ebenso wie die Grenzen der aktuellen Forschung und die L{\"u}cke, die noch geschlossen werden muss, bevor diese Ans{\"a}tze in der Praxis umgesetzt werden k{\"o}nnen.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Kuenneke, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {K{\"u}nneke, Felix}, title = {The influence of tire wear particles (microplastic) on food security With a focus on agriculturally relevant plant species (Avena sativa L., Brassica napus L. \& Zea mays L.) and soil organisms (Aporrectodea caliginosa \& Eisenia andrei)}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Development and implementation of environmental assessment concepts must gain stronger positions in policy making. This thesis focuses on the influences of currently, widely unregulated microplastic tire wear particle emissions on food security. An overview of global differences in microplastic waste treatments is given. Changes in behavior, law-making and technical innovations are argued to be equally needed to stop the ongoing pollution to prevent negative impacts on ecosystem services as the foundations for food security. In an experimental set-up, three particle size ranges (<125,125-250, 250-500 μm) in three treatment concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1 \%) with a negative control were applied to determine the influence of microplastic tire wear on three arable crop species and two earthworm species. Evenly, for all administrations, no significant effects could be observed on the organisms' height, biomass, RSR, or body tissue. Nevertheless, the results should not be interpreted as an all-clear signal, as the experiments observed only a few of the vast amounts of microplastic sinks. More data is needed as the EU Commission's recent "call to action" emphasizes. Determination of species resilience factors and traits shall be foci of future investigations to find cofactors for solution strategies. A more precise definition of microplastic and its additives classifications will certainly aid the consensus on priorities in research and consumers' clarity about biodegradability.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Kim, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Kim, Wooyong}, title = {3D bioprinting of cartilage tissue: Current advances and challenges in tissue engineering}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-15373}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {92}, abstract = {As industrial technologies develop, some techniques were adopted and applied in medical fields for treatment improvement. Among them, 3D bioprinting is regarded as a rising and trending technology in the tissue engineering area. This is because not only does it offer patients customized organs or tissues, but also it can lower animal test dependency on drug testing. This paper is mainly focused on the use of 3D printing as a cartilage tissue fabrication for transplantation. In the beginning, general information and background knowledge concerning cartilage and bioprinting approaches were addressed. Subsequently, current research results from eight research teams related to cartilage tissue printing and grafting were introduced. Then the reports were classified and sorted into several groups to analyze and evaluate various methods' properties, advantages, and disadvantages. After that, some classic and traditional ways to produce artificial tissues without 3D bioprinting techniques were described to prove the strength of the novel tissue engineering technology. In the end, several side points, such as limitations, 3D bioprinting usages in fields other than tissue transplantation, market value, and outlook of bioprinting, were discussed. Information and sources were retrieved using Google and PubMed database search engines under specific inclusion and exclusion criteria through a PCC concept. Although the 3D bioprinting technique is still in development processes, it has a high potential to be a game-changing approach in the medical and pharmaceutical fields after commercialization in the future.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Brandt, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Brandt, Moritz Lasse}, title = {The fungal endophyte Metarhizium brunneum: Possible multifunctional plant promoter in sustainable agriculture}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-14648}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {106}, abstract = {The overuse of mineral fertilizers and chemical pesticides in the world's agricultural sectors continues to be exorbitant, and is associated with a number of serious consequences for the entire complex environment. The reasons for this include the steadily growing world population and the accompanying degradation of the soil. As an alternative to chemical agents, biological plant protection/strengthening stimulants based on effective microorganisms have become established in the last decades. Research in recent years has focused on entomopathogenic fungal endophytes. The fungal endophyte Metarhizium brunneum, has long been proving its value as a mycoinsecticide in crop protection and there are indications of various plant-strengthening properties. The aim of this thesis is therefore to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge about the endophyte M. brunneum and at the same time, based on the literature, to discuss its potential as an alternative multifunctional plant promoter for sustainable agriculture. A literature research method was used to conduct a quantitative analysis of the existing knowledge on M. brunneum. The information and data collected as a result were systematically categorized and presented. The analysis has shown that the generalist M. brunneum covers a wide host range, has the ability to transfer nutrients in exchange, activates or produces plant hormones, compensates for stressors, and has many possibilities for detection and commercialization. The discussion of these results has led to the evidence that the endophyte can indeed be used as a plant growth promoter. The work also points to gaps in knowledge in several areas and emphasizes that further studies are needed.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Wujec, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Wujec, Priscilla}, title = {Chancen und Risiken einer CRISPR/Cas9 basierten Gentherapie an Duchenne Muskel Dystrophie und Zystischer Fibrose}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-12940}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {72}, abstract = {Hintergrund: Seit 2013 gewinnt das autonome Immunsystem der Bakterien CRISPR/Cas9 an Bedeutung f{\"u}r die Humanmedizin. Das System kann einen pr{\"a}zisen Schnitt in der DNA verursachen, gegebenenfalls neue Gene einsetzen. Mit CRISPR/Cas9 k{\"o}nnten krankheitsverursachende Gene potenziell ausgeschaltet und eine ph{\"a}notypische Verbesserung oder Heilung erm{\"o}glicht werden. Jedoch gibt es noch Herausforderungen, welche die Behandlungsm{\"o}glichkeiten in der konventionellen Humanmedizin limitieren. Ziel der Arbeit: Ziel dieser Arbeit ist eine Abhandlung {\"u}ber die Chancen, Risiken und Herausforderungen der Genschere CRISPR/Cas9 in der Humanmedizin an genetisch bedingten Erkrankungen am Beispiel von Duchenne Muskel Dystrophie und Zystischer Fibrose. Ergebnisse: CRISPR/Cas9 kann an CF humanisierten S{\"a}ugetiermodellen, sowie IPS Stammzellen eine Korrektur der F508 Deletion im CFTR Gen verursachen. Die Forskolin Schwellung ist nach Behandlung mit CRIPSR/Cas9 im S{\"a}ugetiermodell wiederhergestellt. Es trat ein Off-Target Effekt auf. Gleichwohl konnte eine Behandlung mit CRISPR/Cas9 am humanisierten S{\"a}ugetiermodell f{\"u}r DMD die Dystrophin-Expression wiederherstellen. Muskelkraft in Skelett- und Herzmuskulatur hat sich signifikant verbessert. Es kam zu On-Target Effekten und Immunreaktionen. Fazit: CRISPR/Cas9 hat das Potenzial genetische Mutationen zu korrigieren und die Gen-Expression zu retten. Weitere Studien m{\"u}ssen unternommen werden, um das Risiko von Off-Target Effekten zu minimieren, Langzeitwirkungen zu beobachten und Drug Delivery zu optimieren.}, language = {de} } @misc{Demand, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Demand, Victoria Maria}, title = {Effect of the combination of fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis on the functional properties, sensory profile and main allergens of pea protein isolates}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-12700}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {78}, abstract = {With a rising demand of ecological, healthy, safe and appealing protein alternatives, legumes, such as peas (Pisum sativum), become more and more important in the food industry as they can fulfil these demands to provide plant-based protein alternatives. To be successful on the food market, it is important to develop ingredients with no or low allergic potential, good functional properties, and appealing sensory characteristics. Treating pea protein isolates (PPI) with enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) and lactic acid fermentation (F) can result in high-quality protein alternatives. In this study, PPI was hydrolysed for 120 min with three different enzymes (papain, Esperase®, trypsin) in combination with a 24 h lactic acid fermentation (L. plantarum). The treatments were performed either with enzymatic hydrolysis first (HF) or with fermentation first (FH). The molecular weight distribution and the degree of hydrolysis (DH) were analysed to determine the treatment's effect on potential pea allergens. The protein solubility (PS), emulsifying capacity (EC), and foaming properties were investigated. The sensory profile was evaluated by 11 panellists, who ranked the samples by the attributes "plant-like" and "bitter". The FH combination samples with Esperase® and trypsin did not apparently show potential allergen fractions. The highest degree of hydrolysis of combined treatments was obtained by the HF_Esperase® sample (10.76 \%), whereas FH_papain showed the lowest (3.92 \%). The protein solubility was improved by all samples that were hydrolysed. At pH 7.0, HF_Esperase® increased the protein solubility up to 67.28 \% and the only fermented PPI showed the lowest (10.72 \%). At pH 4.5, FH_Esperase® showed the highest protein solubility (66.55 \%) and the fermented PPI the lowest (5.72 \%). The highest emulsifying capacity was reached by the untreated PPI (730 mL/g), whereas the lowest was reached by HF_Esperase®. The highest foaming capacity was shown by FH_trypsin (2575 \%) and the lowest by the fermented PPI (808 \%). The most stable foam was built by the untreated PPI (77 \%); any of the samples treated with Esperase® and trypsin were not able to form a stable foam. The most "bitter" sample was FH_Esperase® and the least was FH_papain. The untreated PPI was rated the most "plant like", whereas FH_trypsin was rated the least "plant like". Overall, the combination of EH and F changed the molecular weight distribution of the PPI, apparently degrading the potential pea allergens. The combinations of the treatments showed good functional properties and reduced pea characteristic flavour. The chosen enzyme as well as treatment conditions and sequence should be considered to develop high quality PPI ingredients.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Birkenbach, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Birkenbach, Gesa}, title = {Quantitative real-time PCR Detection of Yersinia ruckeri for Application in Aquaculture}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-16361}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {76}, abstract = {To detect pathogen infections in aquaculture early and reduce their impact, a photonic biosensing chip is being developed in the PHOTO-SENS project, to enable fast and easy routine testing in aquaculture facilities. One target bacterial pathogen is Yersinia ruckeri, the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease. Detection is based on short DNA sequences (probes), that are complementary to the DNA of their target pathogen. In this work, a Yersinia ruckeri-specific probe was designed together with a set of qPCR primers. The probe and primers were tested in qPCR experiments, including quantifi- cation of extracted DNA, specificity and sensitivity testing, and detection of bacterial DNA from highly diluted samples to mimic the detection of environmental DNA. Three different standard series were created for the quantification of unknown samples. The influence of fish tissue on detection was tested, and the efficiency of Chelex-DNA ex- tractions were compared to peqGOLD Tissue DNA Mini Kit extractions. During quantification experiments with a first standard series (Y1P), the quantification output of most samples was 12-175 times higher than expected. The lower limit of detection was at 100 copies based on that standard, with an efficiency of 88\%. The discrepancy was reduced with a gBlocks standard (limit of detection: 5 copies; effi- ciency: 92\%). A CFU standard provided quantification results in reasonable agreement with expected CFU starting quantities (limit of detection: 1 CFU; efficiency: 106\%). De- tection of diluted samples after filtration was possible. Chelex DNA extractions yielded higher amounts of detectable DNA compared to a DNA extraction kit. Less bacterial DNA was extracted in bacterial culture samples containing fish tissue than in samples that did not contain fish tissue. Higher-than-expected quantification outputs were attributed to flaws in the creation of a first standard series as well as detectable DNA from dead cells or clusters that were not accounted for in the expected starting quantities. The gBlocks standard was as- sumed to be most reliable for quantification of exact copy numbers, while the CFU standard produced results that could be accounted for in CFU counts. As these chal- lenges concerned the standard series' and not the probe itself, it was concluded that the probe was suitable for application in the PHOTO-SENS project for detection of Yersinia ruckeri.}, language = {en} } @misc{Tewes, author = {Tewes, Thomas}, title = {Luminescence and Raman spectroscopic data of bacteria with and without exposure to water-soluble polymers (WSPs)}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-22486}, abstract = {Data from luminescence measurements of bacteria exposed to water-soluble polymers (WSPs), as well as Raman spectra of bacteria with and without contact to the WSPs. Polyacrylamide (PAM) - tested in different molecular weights (e.g., 40,000 g/mol, 150,000 g/mol, 15,000,000 g/mol). Polyethylene glycol (PEG) - investigated at molecular weights such as 8,000 g/mol, 20,000 g/mol, and 35,000 g/mol. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) - studied at molecular weights like 16,000 g/mol, 47,000 g/mol, and 61,000 g/mol. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) - analyzed in molecular weights such as 24,000 g/mol, 40,000 g/mol, and 360,000 g/mol. The used bacteria was Aliivibrio fischeri.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{MenneBeckerSonntagetal., author = {Menne, Jannis and Becker, Rolf and Sonntag, Jan and Waldmann, Anja and Kreter, Ana C. and Wiedemann, Steffi}, title = {AI-Driven Approaches for Animal Welfare Monitoring in Agroforestry Systems}, publisher = {European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP)}, address = {Zuerich}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-23348}, pages = {44}, abstract = {Climate change and shifting agricultural practices require innovative methods to monitor and improve animal welfare for pasture-based and other outdoor livestock. Agroforestry systems, integrating livestock with trees, shrubs and other woody vegetation, might provide shade, shelter, diversified feed and improved microclimates but require advanced monitoring to assess their impact on animal well-being. As part of the Agroforestry Living Laboratory at Rhine-Waal University, we are developing AI-driven, sensor-based solutions to monitor livestock welfare, focusing on small ruminants as well as poultry. To achieve this, we are evaluating AI-based monitoring methods to improve our understanding of animal welfare, while evaluating the role of different data sources. Sensors on animals collect data on movement patterns, and shade use, potentially providing insights into behavioral adaptations and stress responses. Stationary non-invasive camera systems are tested using computer vision and AI to assess posture, interactions, and activity on individual and group levels. Additionally, microclimate sensors might measure environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and radiation to evaluate their effects on animal behavior. As agroforestry systems are often in remote areas without external power, we also analyze the potential of self-sustaining sensor networks powered by solar energy and edge computing. These systems minimize energy consumption through deep-sleep modes and decentralized data processing, ensuring continuous monitoring without constant human intervention. By integrating AI-driven pattern recognition with agroforestry systems, we aim to establish an autonomous, energy-efficient monitoring network for further insights into animal welfare, behavioral changes, and environmental adaptation. Though still in development, early findings suggest these methods might enhance data-driven decision-making for sustainable pasture management, benefiting both animal welfare and agroforestry system resilience.}, language = {en} }