@masterthesis{Kanwal, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Kanwal, Hafsa}, title = {Detection of the Fish Pathogen Vagococcus salmoninarum via Quantitative real-time PCR for Aquaculture}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-16222}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {72}, abstract = {PHOTO-SENS is a project that aims to develop photonic biosensing chips as a means of allowing onset detection of pathogenic infections in aquaculture. These chips are meant to be a way for quick and simple routine testing that would enable aquaculture facilities to recognize potential outbreaks and minimize their effects. The chips detect target bacteria using short DNA sequences known as probes which are complementary to target DNA. One of the fish pathogens under consideration for the course of this project is Vagococcus salmoninarum, that is a causative agent of Vagococcosis. For this work, a primer and probe set specific to V. salmoninarum was designed. These primers and probes were then tested via qPCR for their selectivity and sensitivity and most importantly, quantification of DNA in samples using two different standard dilution series. Due to V. salmoninarum being a Gram-positive bacteria, three methods of DNA extraction were used and compared for maximum efficiency. Moreover, experiments were also conducted to mimic capture of eDNA (environmental DNA) from highly diluted water samples. Upon comparing the three DNA extraction methods, the improved 5\% Chelex protocol that included rapid agitation via glass beads, yielded the highest amount of DNA that was closest to expected SQ. The detection of all samples, including very low copy number, was possible via qPCR. The first standard series which was the gBlocks standard series had the lowest detection limit of 1 copy with an efficiency of 105.8\% and the second standard series that is the CFU standard series had a detection limit of 10 copies and had an efficiency of 104.2\%. The filtration experiment also showed detection in diluted, filtered samples. Since detection using the designed probe was successful, the probes are therefore considered suitable for detection of Vagococcus salmoninarum in the PHOTO-SENS project.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Lavasanifar, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Lavasanifar, Parsa}, title = {Comparative analysis of guide RNA design tools}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-15307}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {72}, abstract = {Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR), has rapidly come to the forefront of genome engineering and has revolutionized the field. Today, CRISPR-Cas is regarded to be the most effective and efficient tool in genome editing. It is considered to have many applications in medicine, agriculture and biotechnology. The Cas protein and gRNA are two of the most crucial components of the CRISPR-Cas system. Currently, there are barriers that prevent the full potential of CRISPR-Cas systems in clinical applications, including, ethical concerns, off-target effects, immune system response, method of delivery. Off-target prevention relies heavily on gRNA analysis. With the help of technology and algorithms developed based on researches, there have been many bioinformatical tools focused on the off-target activity inhibition and increasing efficiency. In order to achieve practical use of CRISPR systems, there needs to be more predictive bioinformatical tools to minimize the off-target activity. This thesis aims to review some of these tools and discusses the criteria for future bioinformatical tools' development by addressing the current limitations and challenges. This thesis is written theoretically by using various reputable resources such as PubMed in English. Because many of the tools covered in this thesis had no prior reviews, the author had to learn how to use them, therefore this thesis does not cover all of their features for professional users. In the result section, the author has provided figures from the interface of the tools along with description of the functionality of the algorithms in use. All of the mentioned tools are then examined in the discussion part. There, features such as speed, ease of use for beginners, price, being open-source, being web or local based, flexibility in working with other tools and batch analysis are reviewed and compared. There short conclusive results are also depicted in a table for effective comparison.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Wu, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Wu, Ziang}, title = {Significance of gut microbiota in prognosis of cancer therapy-induced rectal mucositis and treatment outcome}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-15323}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {83}, abstract = {Colorectal cancer is a common type of cancer. Chemotherapy is an important method to treat cancer. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a commonly used drug in chemotherapy regimens. 5-FU not only inhibited cancer cell division but also accelerated the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells. lead to colorectal mucositis. Some patients will develop severe mucositis, making subsequent treatment difficult and even life-threatening. The role of gut microbiota in the process of 5-FU-induced colorectal mucositis, and the regulation of gut microbiota through dietary regimens to reduce the possibility of colorectal mucositis deterioration are the research directions of this thesis. This thesis uses PubMed, NCBI and textbooks as the main reference sources, and some information comes from trusted websites. Through review and integration of research, it was concluded that gut microbiota played a non-negligible role in 5-FU-induced colorectal mucositis. Probiotics help maintain the stability of the intestinal mucosal barrier. The main cause of colorectal mucositis is that 5-FU suppresses the immune system and disrupts the immune system. Under the influence of 5-FU, intestinal flora dysbiosis occurs, and the intestinal mucosal barrier function is negatively affected. This leads to the worsening of colorectal mucositis. It can be inferred from research that a reasonable dietary regimen can reduce the possibility of exacerbation of colorectal mucositis. Furthermore, the digestive tract should be viewed as a whole. The role of the stomach and small intestine in the process of 5-FU-induced colorectal mucositis still needs further study. The research of gut microbes in this thesis focuses on Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Pathogenic/opportunistic pathogens and other probiotics are understudied. More in-depth studies are still needed on the role of gut microbes in the process of 5-FU-induced colorectal mucositis}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Kim, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Kim, Wooyong}, title = {3D bioprinting of cartilage tissue: Current advances and challenges in tissue engineering}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-15373}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {92}, abstract = {As industrial technologies develop, some techniques were adopted and applied in medical fields for treatment improvement. Among them, 3D bioprinting is regarded as a rising and trending technology in the tissue engineering area. This is because not only does it offer patients customized organs or tissues, but also it can lower animal test dependency on drug testing. This paper is mainly focused on the use of 3D printing as a cartilage tissue fabrication for transplantation. In the beginning, general information and background knowledge concerning cartilage and bioprinting approaches were addressed. Subsequently, current research results from eight research teams related to cartilage tissue printing and grafting were introduced. Then the reports were classified and sorted into several groups to analyze and evaluate various methods' properties, advantages, and disadvantages. After that, some classic and traditional ways to produce artificial tissues without 3D bioprinting techniques were described to prove the strength of the novel tissue engineering technology. In the end, several side points, such as limitations, 3D bioprinting usages in fields other than tissue transplantation, market value, and outlook of bioprinting, were discussed. Information and sources were retrieved using Google and PubMed database search engines under specific inclusion and exclusion criteria through a PCC concept. Although the 3D bioprinting technique is still in development processes, it has a high potential to be a game-changing approach in the medical and pharmaceutical fields after commercialization in the future.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Roehrich, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Roehrich, Anne-Victoria}, title = {Contribution of relocated biology technologies and mobile health for the estimation of cardiovascular risks.}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-15232}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {44}, abstract = {Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the first mortality causes in the world (Khan 2021) and one of the main causes of death in Belgium. It is gauged that 17.9 million lives are taken every year worldwide. They are the causes of multiple issues, such as premature death or disabilities. They are as well causing a consequent impact on socio-economic aspects. One of the cardiovascular risks, which is one of the main thematic of this thesis is Atrial Fibrillation (AF). AF is not a new pathology, it was already described in 1827 by Robert Adams, and then in the 20th century, William Einthoven, by inventing electrocardiography, enabled the first record of it (Staerk, Sherer, Ko et al. ,year 2017). AF is a type of cardiac arrhythmia, and the most sustained one. In Belgium it is estimated that 150 000 persons are affected by it. Being an important factor in the prevention of Heart Failures (HF) and Cardiovascular risks, the management, and the screening of it are a predominant matter taking in consideration the risks brought by it. Different protocols are established in hospitals, however it is a bit more limited in general practitioner's offices (GP practices). The introduction to digital health devices can as well be delicate, as many benefits they can offer, a few disadvantages have to be taken into account in order to include them to a proper protocol. Establishing a protocol including different factors such as relocated biology technologies and mobile health, while being external to the GP practices, can prove itself to be a challenge.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Sternberg, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Sternberg, Daniel}, title = {Cannabislegalisierung in Deutschland: Auswirkungen auf den Jugend- und Gesundheitsschutz}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-15970}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {87}, abstract = {Das Thema der Cannabislegalisierung in Deutschland ist mit dem Beschluss im Koalitionsvertrag der neuen Koalition von 2021 so aktuell wie nie zuvor. In der vorliegenden Arbeit soll herausgearbeitet werden, ob die Cannabislegalisierung in Deutschland den Jugend- und Gesundheitsschutz f{\"o}rdern kann. Nach Beantwortung dieser Frage soll dar{\"u}ber hinaus analysiert werden, welche Maßnahmen bzw. Rahmenbedingungen der Legalisierung den Jugend- und Gesundheitsschutz am effektivsten f{\"o}rdern k{\"o}nnen. Zur Beantwortung dieser Forschungsfragen wurde eine umfassende Literaturrecherche durchgef{\"u}hrt. Dass Cannabis in Deutschland trotz Verbot konsumiert wird, zeigt die Lebenszeitpr{\"a}valenz von {\"u}ber 28 \%. Es wurde herausgestellt, dass Cannabis insbesondere f{\"u}r Jugendliche gesundheitliche Gefahren mit sich bringt. Auf Grund der Illegalit{\"a}t wird das Cannabis unkontrolliert auf dem Schwarzmarkt verkauft, weshalb es oftmals zu minderwertiger Qualit{\"a}t oder sogar Streckmitteln und Verunreinigungen kommt, die zus{\"a}tzliche Gesundheitsrisiken bergen. Ebenfalls wird der Kontakt zu anderen illegalen Drogen gef{\"o}rdert. Staaten, die Cannabis bereits legalisiert haben, zeigen, dass der Konsum kaum anstieg und bei Jugendlichen sogar r{\"u}ckl{\"a}ufig war. Bez{\"u}glich cannabisinduzierter Krankheiten konnte ein Anstieg festgestellt werden, der allerdings auf die steigende gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz von Cannabis zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren ist. Erstere Forschungsfrage l{\"a}sst sich demnach damit beantworten, dass mit dem Wegfallen versteckter Gefahren des Schwarzmarktes der Jugend- und Gesundheitsschutz gef{\"o}rdert werden kann, da das alleinige Verbot nicht vom Konsum abh{\"a}lt. Mit gewissen Rahmenbedingungen, wie z.B. dem Preis, Verkaufsstellen, H{\"o}chstabgabemengen, Produktion und THC-Obergrenzen kann die Gesundheit der Konsumenten gesch{\"u}tzt sowie auch die H{\"a}ufigkeit und Intensit{\"a}t des Konsums eingeschr{\"a}nkt werden. Somit sch{\"u}tzt die Legalisierung von Cannabis unter den richtigen Rahmenbedingungen effektiv die Gesundheit von Jugendlichen sowie allen Cannabiskonsumenten, w{\"a}hrend dar{\"u}ber hinaus finanzielle Vorteile entstehen.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Mutzberg, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Mutzberg, Lisa-Camilla}, title = {Oral Enzyme Therapy in Systemic Analgetic Treatment}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-15107}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {91}, abstract = {The possibility of an oral enzyme combination being able to replace diclofenac in the treatment of pain and inflammation is discussed. Oral enzyme therapy involves the use of proteolytic enzymes like bromelain, serratiopeptidase, trypsin, rutin, and papain. The goal of oral enzyme therapy is to replace non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the treatment of symptoms requiring short or long-term treatment due to the side effects of NSAIDs for example diclofenac. The main analysis is focused on the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of oral enzyme therapy. The results are based on database retrieval covering single oral enzymes and oral enzyme combinations like Wobenzym and Phlogenzym. Osteoarthritis and post- surgery treatment studies of oral enzyme therapy are included to analyze the efficacy and effectiveness of the new treatment approach. Bromelain, serratiopeptidase, and rutin are covered in their industrial production. Safety and efficacy, trial diversity, economics, and the potential of oral enzymes being the new homeopathy are discussed. Oral enzymes show a great safety profile in the overall comparison to NSAIDs with tolerability rated as good and very good by patients and physicians. The trial diversity has an impact on the comparability resulting in the need for a cohesion set-up for the retrieval of evidence on the efficacy and effectiveness of oral enzyme therapy. The economic situation of oral enzymes is defined by the currently expensive production of enzymes with a possible reduction in retail price due to new techniques and technology. With the presence of new studies of high quality in the future, a detailed revision of facts is advised on oral enzymes being an alternative to NSAIDs.}, language = {en} } @misc{Hoffmann, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Hoffmann, Annika}, title = {Wie der Darm unsere Psyche beeinflusst-Modulation des Mikrobioms als geeigneter Therapieansatz f{\"u}r psychische Krankheiten?}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-15614}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Die Pr{\"a}valenz von psychischen Erkrankungen ist in der Bev{\"o}lkerung weit verbreitet und in den letzten Jahren stark angestiegen. J{\"a}hrlich sind etwa 27,8 \% der Erwachsenen in Deutschland von psychischen Erkrankungen betroffen. Dabei sind die R{\"u}ckfallquoten und die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Chronifizierung dieser Krankheiten sehr hoch. Auch besteht die Problematik, dass es wenige Anlaufstellen f{\"u}r die Betroffenen gibt, lange Wartezeiten in Kauf genommen werden m{\"u}ssen und herk{\"o}mmliche medikament{\"o}se Therapien teilweise starke Nebenwirkungen hervorrufen. In dieser Masterthesis wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen psychischen Krankheiten, dem Mikrobiom und Stoffwechselparametern untersucht, um zu kl{\"a}ren, ob eine Modulation des Darm Mikrobioms durch Pr{\"a}biotika und Probiotika einen geeigneten Behandlungsansatz f{\"u}r die Therapie von psychischen Erkrankungen wie Depressionen, Angstst{\"o}rungen, Schizophrenie oder Anorexia nervosa darstellen k{\"o}nnte. Dazu wurden insgesamt 55 Artikel analysiert. Die Abundanz von Darmmikroben auf Phylum-, Familien- und Gattungsebene, die Konzentrationsver{\"a}nderung von Stoffwechselparametern, die Auswirkungen bestimmter Mikroorganismen auf die Stoffwechselparameter und der Effekt von Pr{\"a}- und Probiotika auf das Mikrobiom und die Verhaltensweisen der Patienten bzw. der Tiere wurden in den Studien verglichen. Es konnte eine Korrelation zwischen der relativen H{\"a}ufigkeit bestimmter Mikroorganismen, den von ihnen produzierten Metaboliten und dem Auftreten der untersuchten psychischen Erkrankungen festgestellt werden. Durch die Supplementation mit Pr{\"a}- und Probiotika und insbesondere durch Lactobacillus spp. und Bifidobacterium spp., konnten die Symptome abgeschw{\"a}cht werden. Vor allem der kombinierte Einsatz von Pro- und Pr{\"a}biotika hat sich als effektiv erwiesen. Die Behandlung von psychischen Erkrankungen ausschließlich durch den Einsatz von Pr{\"a}- und Probiotika ist h{\"a}ufig nicht ausreichend. In Kombination mit herk{\"o}mmlichen Behandlungsmethoden ist die gezielte Modulation des Mikrobioms als sinnvoll zu bewerten. Insgesamt ist dieses Themenfeld jedoch noch wenig erforscht und die Literatur liefert teilweise widerspr{\"u}chliche Ergebnisse, wodurch zuk{\"u}nftig weitere Untersuchungen erforderlich sind.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Wujec, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Wujec, Priscilla}, title = {Chancen und Risiken einer CRISPR/Cas9 basierten Gentherapie an Duchenne Muskel Dystrophie und Zystischer Fibrose}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-12940}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {72}, abstract = {Hintergrund: Seit 2013 gewinnt das autonome Immunsystem der Bakterien CRISPR/Cas9 an Bedeutung f{\"u}r die Humanmedizin. Das System kann einen pr{\"a}zisen Schnitt in der DNA verursachen, gegebenenfalls neue Gene einsetzen. Mit CRISPR/Cas9 k{\"o}nnten krankheitsverursachende Gene potenziell ausgeschaltet und eine ph{\"a}notypische Verbesserung oder Heilung erm{\"o}glicht werden. Jedoch gibt es noch Herausforderungen, welche die Behandlungsm{\"o}glichkeiten in der konventionellen Humanmedizin limitieren. Ziel der Arbeit: Ziel dieser Arbeit ist eine Abhandlung {\"u}ber die Chancen, Risiken und Herausforderungen der Genschere CRISPR/Cas9 in der Humanmedizin an genetisch bedingten Erkrankungen am Beispiel von Duchenne Muskel Dystrophie und Zystischer Fibrose. Ergebnisse: CRISPR/Cas9 kann an CF humanisierten S{\"a}ugetiermodellen, sowie IPS Stammzellen eine Korrektur der F508 Deletion im CFTR Gen verursachen. Die Forskolin Schwellung ist nach Behandlung mit CRIPSR/Cas9 im S{\"a}ugetiermodell wiederhergestellt. Es trat ein Off-Target Effekt auf. Gleichwohl konnte eine Behandlung mit CRISPR/Cas9 am humanisierten S{\"a}ugetiermodell f{\"u}r DMD die Dystrophin-Expression wiederherstellen. Muskelkraft in Skelett- und Herzmuskulatur hat sich signifikant verbessert. Es kam zu On-Target Effekten und Immunreaktionen. Fazit: CRISPR/Cas9 hat das Potenzial genetische Mutationen zu korrigieren und die Gen-Expression zu retten. Weitere Studien m{\"u}ssen unternommen werden, um das Risiko von Off-Target Effekten zu minimieren, Langzeitwirkungen zu beobachten und Drug Delivery zu optimieren.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Torzewska, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Torzewska, Agata}, title = {Method development for quantification of prescription drugs Fluphenazine and Flupentixol in serum.}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-12715}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {74}, abstract = {The LVR clinic in Viersen belongs to a group of nine psychiatric clinics in NRW, Germany. In the pharmacy laboratory, the therapeutic drug monitoring is offered for antiepileptic drugs (AED´s), neuroleptics and antidepressants. Fluphenazine and Flupentixol are used to relieve the symptoms of schizophrenia and other similar mental health problems. The purpose of this work is the development and validation of methods for quantitation of the neuroleptics Fluphenazine and Flupentixol, contained in human serum. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is very important for a patient-matched therapy. TDM is applied to handle and direct the pharmacotherapy because of the pharmacokinetic differences between different individuals. The developed methods should be afterwards introduced into the daily routine of the laboratory. The analytical device used for this purpose is a Liquid Chromatography with a Mass Spectrometer (LCMS), with a Biphenyl Accucore separation column which is also used for other neuroleptics quantised. For Fluphenazine, an already existing in the laboratory sample precipitation method was used. Also, an already applied for other similar neuroleptics LCMS method, called "Biphenyl03_new" (lasting for 11 minutes, with a high gradient between the elution agents) was taken on, and resulted in a good linearity. In case of Flupentixol, a completely new method had to be established, in order to achieve a baseline separation of cis-Z-Flupentixol and trans-E-Flupentixol. For the sample preparation, a solid phase extraction method was developed. The established methods were then applied for quantitation of patient samples, and the stability of the measurements was proved. Also, the accuracy and precision of obtained results was tested in the Proficiency Test. Limit of quantitation achieved for Fluphenazine was 0,5ng/ml, whereas for Flupentixol the LOQ was 0,25ng/ml. The Limit of detection found was 0,05ng/ml for both substances. The development was successful for both analytes and the established methods were integrated into the daily routine of the laboratory.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Birkenbach, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Birkenbach, Gesa}, title = {Quantitative real-time PCR Detection of Yersinia ruckeri for Application in Aquaculture}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-16361}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {76}, abstract = {To detect pathogen infections in aquaculture early and reduce their impact, a photonic biosensing chip is being developed in the PHOTO-SENS project, to enable fast and easy routine testing in aquaculture facilities. One target bacterial pathogen is Yersinia ruckeri, the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease. Detection is based on short DNA sequences (probes), that are complementary to the DNA of their target pathogen. In this work, a Yersinia ruckeri-specific probe was designed together with a set of qPCR primers. The probe and primers were tested in qPCR experiments, including quantifi- cation of extracted DNA, specificity and sensitivity testing, and detection of bacterial DNA from highly diluted samples to mimic the detection of environmental DNA. Three different standard series were created for the quantification of unknown samples. The influence of fish tissue on detection was tested, and the efficiency of Chelex-DNA ex- tractions were compared to peqGOLD Tissue DNA Mini Kit extractions. During quantification experiments with a first standard series (Y1P), the quantification output of most samples was 12-175 times higher than expected. The lower limit of detection was at 100 copies based on that standard, with an efficiency of 88\%. The discrepancy was reduced with a gBlocks standard (limit of detection: 5 copies; effi- ciency: 92\%). A CFU standard provided quantification results in reasonable agreement with expected CFU starting quantities (limit of detection: 1 CFU; efficiency: 106\%). De- tection of diluted samples after filtration was possible. Chelex DNA extractions yielded higher amounts of detectable DNA compared to a DNA extraction kit. Less bacterial DNA was extracted in bacterial culture samples containing fish tissue than in samples that did not contain fish tissue. Higher-than-expected quantification outputs were attributed to flaws in the creation of a first standard series as well as detectable DNA from dead cells or clusters that were not accounted for in the expected starting quantities. The gBlocks standard was as- sumed to be most reliable for quantification of exact copy numbers, while the CFU standard produced results that could be accounted for in CFU counts. As these chal- lenges concerned the standard series' and not the probe itself, it was concluded that the probe was suitable for application in the PHOTO-SENS project for detection of Yersinia ruckeri.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Waller, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Waller, Ole}, title = {Evaluating the potential of mRNA vaccines for human rabies}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-16737}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {80}, abstract = {To this date, rabies is still one of the most fatal diseases worldwide and generates at least 59,000 deaths per year. Although current vaccines are safe and effective, RNA technology proposes improved vaccines that are potentially able to facilitate eradication of rabies until 2030. In this review, RNA vaccine candidates are evaluated for their potential to be effective against rabies and to be implemented in immunization programs. To understand the relevance of disease prevention, rabies virus and its function in the body is clarified. RNA technology is explained to comprehend its mode of action in the human immune system and its potential to be a vaccine platform. Comparison to existing vaccines showed advantages in several characteristics that are relevant for vaccine approval. RNA vaccines scored better in efficacy, stability, production, and dosing, but there is still room for improvements in terms of safety and tolerability. Theoretical potential is proven, but practical translation of RNA vaccines into clinical candidates requires more attention, as safety and tolerability are the leading limiting factor for approval of any new drug or vaccine. Producing a safe, stable and effective RNA vaccine does not necessarily ensure less rabies deaths, because rabies control strategies heavily rely on proper funding and availability in these rabies endemic region. Nonetheless, RNA vaccine technology offers potential solutions for the elimination of rabies.}, language = {en} }