@masterthesis{May, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {May, Clarissa}, title = {Efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medical DrugsThe Treatment of Common Illnesses in Comparison with Western medicine}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-19440}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {78}, abstract = {The efficacy of treating common illnesses with traditional Chinese medical drugs has been a subject of growing interest and debate especially when compared to established practices of modern Western medicine. The integration of alternative and traditional medicine practices also gains significance as healthcare systems evolve. This literature review aims to comprehensively assess and compare the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medical drugs with modern Western medial drugs in addressing common illnesses. Through a systematic analysis of reviewed scientific articles, clinical studies, and relevant literature the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medical drugs will be identified and compared to modern Western medical drugs and treatment options in context of the treatment success rates, symptom relief, adverse effects, and patient satisfaction. The study focuses on the herbal based remedies and their traditional therapeutic treatment methods, to illuminate their mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic benefits for a range of common illnesses such as the common cold and flu, digestive disorders, musculoskeletal pain, and skin conditions. Furthermore, the potential synergies between the two practices will be explored, as integrative healthcare becomes increasingly important as a comprehensive approach to patient wellbeing. Through a comprehensive analysis of the available medical literature and clinical data, this paper attempts to address the potential of traditional Chinese medical drugs as an alternative or complementary method to modern Western medicine for various common illnesses. The findings may contribute to informed decision-making by healthcare professionals and patients, offering insights into the strengths and limitations of each approach. Additionally, the research aims to foster a deeper understanding of cross-cultural medical practices and their potential integration into contemporary healthcare systems.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Vu, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Vu, Trong Khang Tommy}, title = {{\"U}ber die antidepressiven Effekte sportlicher Aktivit{\"a}t: Eine Metaanalyse klinischer Studien zu potenziellen Wirkmechanismen}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-20348}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {80}, abstract = {In dieser Bachelorarbeit wurde untersucht, wie k{\"o}rperliche Aktivit{\"a}t als adjuvante oder nicht-pharmakologische Therapie bei Depressionen eingesetzt werden kann. Es wurden sowohl die antidepressiven Effekte als auch potenzielle Wirkmechanismen analysiert. Der theoretische Teil beleuchtet Depressionen, neurobiologische Prozesse sowie g{\"a}ngige Behandlungsans{\"a}tze. Die Ergebnisse einer systematischen Literaturrecherche zeigen, dass k{\"o}rperliche Aktivit{\"a}t positive Effekte auf depressive Symptome, die maximale Sauerstoffaufnahme (VO2) und die Schlafqualit{\"a}t hat. Insbesondere individuelle Programme sind wirksam. Es wurden die Vor- und Nachteile der Sporttherapie er{\"o}rtert, sowie Empfehlungen f{\"u}r zuk{\"u}nftige Forschung gegeben.}, language = {de} } @misc{Teresa, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Teresa, Z{\"o}bel}, title = {Die Rolle individueller Copingstrategien und Resilienz f{\"u}r die mentale Gesundheit im Kontext der Wahrnehmung der Klimakrise: Eine systematische Untersuchung empirischer Studien}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Hintergrund: Der Klimawandel ist ein globales Problem, welches bereits weltweit sp{\"u}rbar ist und sich zuk{\"u}nftig weiter versch{\"a}rfen wird. Neben den damit einhergehenden physischen Auswirkungen f{\"u}r die Gesundheit, steigt auch die Relevanz mentaler Belastungen. Nicht nur das Erleben von Naturkatastrophen und extremen Wetterereignissen, sondern auch die Wahrnehmungen der Ver{\"a}nderungen wirkt bedrohlich und kann eine mentale Belastung f{\"u}r Menschen darstellen. Ziel der Masterarbeit war es zu untersuchen, welche Rolle individuelle Copingstrategien und Resilienz f{\"u}r die mentale Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden im Kontext der Wahrnehmung der Klimakrise haben. Wesentlich war daher die Identifikation potenzieller Schutz- und Risikofaktoren sowie die Untersuchung von Copingstrategien im Kontext des Klimawandels, um gezielte Empfehlungen zur St{\"a}rkung der Resilienz und Verbesserung des psychischen Wohlbefindens abzuleiten. Methoden: Eine systematische Literaturrecherche wurde durchgef{\"u}hrt, um relevante, empirische Studien zu identifizieren. Das methodische Vorgehen orientierte sich an den Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Die Suche erfolgte auf den Datenbanken Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubPsych, PubMed und PsycArticles. Zur Bewertung der methodischen Qualit{\"a}t und Bewertung des Verzerrungspotenzials der eingeschlossenen Studien, wurden die Critical Appraisal Checklisten des Joanna Briggs Instituts (JBI) verwendet. Die Ergebnisse der Studien wurden anhand zweier Evidenztabellen nach Studiendesign und Studienergebnissen synthetisiert und narrativ beschrieben. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt erf{\"u}llten 19 von 1.676 gepr{\"u}ften Studien die Einschlusskriterien. Die Studien untersuchten unterschiedliche Copingstrategien und -stile, wie Verhaltensweisen des umweltfreundlichen Handelns sowie problem-, emotions- und bedeutungsorientierte Bew{\"a}ltigungsstrategien. Verschiedene Faktoren wurden ber{\"u}cksichtigt, darunter emotionale Reaktionen, psychologische, soziale und kognitive Aspekte sowie soziodemografische Eigenschaften. Zun{\"a}chst wurde untersucht, wie Copingstrategien in Verbindung mit den einbezogenen Faktoren stehen. Darauf aufbauend wurde analysiert, wie diese Copingstrategien die mentale Gesundheit beeinflussen und ob die Faktoren im Kontext des Klimawandels als Schutz- oder Risikofaktoren wirken. Beispielsweise zeigten leichte Auspr{\"a}gungen der Angst vor dem Klimawandel sowohl aktivierende Effekte, in Form von umweltfreundlichen Verhaltensweisen, als auch die Neigung zu mentalen Beeintr{\"a}chtigungen, bei starker Auspr{\"a}gung. Sorgen zeigten im Studienvergleich gemischte Auswirkungen, indem sie teilweise problemorientiertes Coping beg{\"u}nstigten, teilweise jedoch auch belastend wirkten. Wut zeigte vorwiegend aktivierende Effekte und weniger Beeintr{\"a}chtigungen f{\"u}r die mentale Gesundheit. Naturverbundenheit, Geschlecht und Alter standen oftmals mit problemorientiertem Coping in Verbindung, jedoch gleichzeitig mit einer erh{\"o}hten Anf{\"a}lligkeit f{\"u}r mentale Beeintr{\"a}chtigung. Daneben wurden zwei Studien identifiziert, die unterschiedliche Maßnahmen zur Reduktion der mentalen Belastungen durch den Klimawandel evaluierten und bei relevanten Parametern der mentalen Gesundheit positive Ergebnisse erzielten. Schlussfolgerung: Es besteht verst{\"a}rkter Forschungsbedarf, um die mentalen Auswirkungen im Kontext der Wahrnehmung des Klimawandels besser zu verstehen und wirksame Maßnahmen zur F{\"o}rderung der mentalen Gesundheit zu entwickeln. Ein einheitliches Verst{\"a}ndnis der untersuchten Konstrukte ist dabei entscheidend, um eine Vergleichbarkeit zwischen den Studien zu gew{\"a}hrleisten und gesicherte Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen. Damit kann die Entwicklung zielgerichteter Maßnahmen und die F{\"o}rderung von pers{\"o}nlichen Ressourcen sowie adaptives Coping im Zusammenhang mit der Klimakrise unterst{\"u}tzt werden.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Alshaikh, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Alshaikh, Badran-Mohammednoor}, title = {Medi: A Software System for Improving the Analysis and Interpretation of Medical Tests in Clinical Laboratories.}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-19466}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {77}, abstract = {The rapid increase in patient numbers and the complexity of clinical information, coupled with a significant lack of assistive technologies for routine procedures, has emphasized the urgent need for innovative technological solutions in clinical laboratories. This need is amplified by the existence of over 238 blood tests, highlighting the challenge of managing and interpreting vast amounts of clinical information and data efficiently. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of Medi, a state-of-the-art software system designed to enhance the workflow of medical routine tasks in the pre-testing steps in clinical laboratories. By focusing on routine hematology, biochemistry, and microbiology tests, the study aims to revolutionize clinical laboratory processes, improve diagnostic accuracy, and enhance patient care. Through an extensive approach regarding specimen collection of blood and the utilization of automated medical devices, this study sheds light on the advantage of Medi to streamline operations within clinical laboratories. The research methodically assesses the impact of Medi on laboratory workflows and patient outcomes, employing a user-centric design to ensure the software meets the practical needs of healthcare professionals. Medi demonstrated significant improvements in laboratory efficiency, with streamlined workflow. Key findings include the standardization of blood specimen collection procedures, limiting blood-tube-selection errors, and a positive impact on laboratory operations. The software facilitated a more cohesive integration of clinical data, contributing to better-informed decision-making and improved patient care. By comparing these outcomes with the current state of clinical diagnostics, Medi's introduction represents a transformative shift in laboratory operations. It not only addresses the pressing need for advanced assistive technologies in the clinical laboratory settings but also sets a new standard in patient care. This research underlines the potential of integrating software solutions with existing laboratory technologies, paving the way for a new era in clinical testing.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Hirle, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Hirle, Yasmin}, title = {Arbeit 4.0: Die Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung auf die Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit in Organisationen}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-6032}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {101}, abstract = {Die heutige Gesellschaft ist eine Erwerbsgesellschaft. Arbeit sichert die soziale und materielle Integration der B{\"u}rger (Korte und Weidenfeld 2001). Die Globalisierung und die Digitalisierung des westeurop{\"a}ischen Arbeitsmarktes f{\"u}hrt unter Besch{\"a}ftigten zu Unsicherheitswahrnehmungen bez{\"u}glich des Fortbestandes des Arbeitsplatzes (Sverke et al. 2006). Der digitale Wandel revolutioniert Gesch{\"a}ftsmodelle und Branchen und f{\"u}hrt zur Entstehung neuer Produktions- und Logistikketten sowie neuer Produkte und Dienstleistungen. Zudem findet der digitale Wandel weltweit statt, wodurch der globale Wettbewerb und die internationale Arbeitsteilung zunehmen. Im Zuge der Digitalisierung sind in den vergangenen Jahren insbesondere mittlere T{\"a}tigkeiten mit hohem Routine Grad zur{\"u}ckgegangen (BMAS 2015). Das zunehmende Substituierbarkeitspotential verschiedener T{\"a}tigkeiten f{\"u}hrt zu einer signifikanten Verst{\"a}rkung der Wahrnehmung von Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit unter den Erwerbst{\"a}tigen. Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit birgt zahlreiche negative Auswirkungen. So hat z.B. eine sich schnell wandelnde, unsichere Arbeitsumgebung nicht nur Auswirkungen auf das Wohlergehen der Mitarbeiter*innen, sondern auf die gesamte Organisation (Ashford et al. 1989). Zu den Folgen von Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit geh{\"o}ren psychische und physische Belastungen und eine erh{\"o}hte K{\"u}ndigungsabsicht der Besch{\"a}ftigten. Zudem besteht ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit und Arbeitszufriedenheit. In Zeiten der fortschreitenden Digitalisierung stellt die Pr{\"a}vention von Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit und die Reduktion ihrer Folgen eine zentrale Managementaufgabe f{\"u}r Organisationen dar. Mittels einer systematischen Literaturrecherche werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit Indikatoren f{\"u}r die Entstehung der Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit identifiziert. Dazu geh{\"o}rt nicht nur der drohende Verlust des Arbeitsplatzes, sondern auch der drohende Verlust gesch{\"a}tzter Merkmale der ausge{\"u}bten T{\"a}tigkeit. Nach der Analyse der Ursachen und Auswirkungen von Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit werden Handlungsempfehlungen f{\"u}r Organisationen entwickelt, um der Entstehung von Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit vorzubeugen oder die Folgen von Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit weitestgehend zu reduzieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass besonders in Zeiten der zunehmenden Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt Maßnahmen wie eine fr{\"u}hzeitige und offene Kommunikation {\"u}ber bevorstehende Ver{\"a}nderungsprozesse, soziale Unterst{\"u}tzung, Partizipation der Mitarbeiter*innen und F{\"o}rderungsangebote f{\"u}r die Belegschaft von zentraler Bedeutung sind, um die Effektivit{\"a}t der Organisation aufrecht zu erhalten.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Klose, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Klose, Marian}, title = {Optimierung der Krebstherapie durch Inhibition von MDR1}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-4427}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {86}, abstract = {MDR1 (Multidrug Resistance Protein 1) stellt ein Membranprotein dar, welches das Ziel hat, den K{\"o}rper vor Toxinen und Xenobiotika zu sch{\"u}tzen. Dieser Schutzmechanismus kann sich allerdings erheblich auf die Chemotherapie auswirken, indem Wirkstoffe aus der Zielzelle heraustransportiert werden. Da der Effekt von MDR1 in einigen F{\"a}llen unerw{\"u}nscht ist, kommt es zum Einsatz von Inhibitoren. Diese lassen sich je nach Toxizit{\"a}t und Herkunft in verschiedene Kategorien einteilen. Diese Arbeit gibt zun{\"a}chst einen wissenschaftlichen Hintergrund. Zuerst werden Multiwirkstoffresistenzen im allgemeinen beschrieben, bevor MDR1 genauer beleuchtet wird. Danach werden verschiedene Bereiche der Krebserkrankung erl{\"a}utert, um im Anschluss die unterschiedlichen Klassen der Inhibitoren vorzustellen. Die Diskussion schildert schlussendlich sowohl Chancen als auch Risiken der Inhibition und setzt diese in ein Verh{\"a}ltnis. Zusammenfassend l{\"a}sst sich sagen, dass es in der Chemotherapie vermehrt zu Wirkstoffresistenzen kommt. Krebszellen adaptieren und {\"a}ndern ihre Genexpression, sodass altbew{\"a}hrte Medikamente nicht mehr greifen. Die Inhibition k{\"o}nnte dies umkehren, bringt aber zus{\"a}tzliche Nebenwirkungen mit sich, sodass sich keine klare Empfehlung zugunsten der Inhibition von MDR1 geben l{\"a}sst.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Schiffers, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Schiffers, Lukas}, title = {Optimization of RT-PCR Assays for the Roche cobas® 6800/8800 Utility Channel: Influence of 2´-O-Methyl modified Primers on PCR efficiency}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-4632}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {64}, abstract = {Automated, high-throughput real-time PCR instruments such as the cobas® 6800/8800 from Roche have revolutionized the operation in molecular diagnostics laboratories as they provide a complete process of patient samples including all necessary steps for PCR applications from material preparation up to the calculation and evaluation of final results with a minimum of user interaction. In addition to the broad spectrum of commercially available ready-to-use reagent kits for blood screenings, virologic and microbiological assays as well as tests designed for women's health, the cobas® 6800/8800 provides a tool which allows users to develop and implement their own tests onto the high-throughput device. Equipped with this tool, called the cobas® omni Utility Channel, these automated instruments serve a high flexibility and can be adjusted to users' personal needs. Notwithstanding the advantages of the Utility Channel, a limited number of lab developed tests have been implemented onto the cobas® 6800/8800 so far as no guideline for the optimization and transfer of such tests onto the Utility Channel has been provided to the public yet. In the course of this bachelor thesis, four real-time PCR assays, including an allele-specific duplex test for HLA-B27, an established in-house test for the differentiation and detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum/parvum, a published assay for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis as well as a duplex reverse-transcription assay for the detection and differentiation of norovirus genogroup one and two have been optimized for the use on Utility Channel. Furthermore, 2´-O-Methyl modified primers have been integrated into the optimization process of all assays to asses their influence on PCR efficiency. Three of these four assays have been transferred successfully onto a cobas® 6800 following a developed method which lead to the final design of a flowchart guideline for the optimization of lab developed tests for the use on a cobas® 6800/8800 system.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Khedher, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Khedher, Lara}, title = {Evolution of CRISPR-Cas genome editing methods: Chances and challenges in biotechnology}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, CRISPR, are located on DNA sequences, which encode for an antiviral defense mechanism in bacteria and archaea. Together with CRISPR-associated proteins, Cas endonucleases, CRISPR-Cas has emerged into a powerful platform for editing DNA and RNA. This thesis investigates the evolution and function of this prokaryotic defense mechanism and points out the three most applied CRISPR-Cas systems in relation to current applications in biotechnology. Furthermore, chances and challenges of named systems as well as a guideline for choosing the appropriate system with Cas endonucleases is framed. Therefore, several scientific databases were screened for the most informative and influential publications around the topic. Information was collected and organized in a reference management software. The utilized literature was tabularly denoted and gives an overview of the broad scope of CRISPR-Cas. The analysis of the topic shows, that CRISPR-Cas offers a broad application range with a huge chance for genome editing. A conclusion of this thesis is, that CRISPR-Cas has an enormous potential to be implemented for human genome editing. However, its challenges should be cleared beforehand. Further research has to be done to fully understand the impact CRISPR-Cas may have in future.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Ranganathan, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Ranganathan, Shraddha}, title = {Evaluation of two methods to reduce legume-related flatulence through enzymatic digestion of flatulence factors}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-4903}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {65}, abstract = {Legumes are nutritionally equivalent to many meat products, and can be used to supplement or replace meat in daily diets. This is beneficial for a variety of reasons, such as: i) growing legumes can help to reduce acidification of soil, global warming potential and energy use; ii) livestock is taxing on the environment in terms of adding to the volume of greenhouse gases and nitrification of soil while legume crops fix soil nitrogen. Consumers can be opposed to adding legumes to their diet due to the perception of legumes causing flatulence. Intestinal gas buildup, bloating, cramps, abdominal pain and flatulence are caused by raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) which cannot be digested in monogastric organisms such as humans. They are therefore broken down by microflora in the intestine; this bacterial digestion releases large volumes of hydrogen, which causes flatulence. The human body lacks the enzyme required to break down these RFOs — ⍺-galactosidase. This experiment evaluated two methods of applying ⍺-galactosidase to RFOs before they reach the intestinal microflora. The first method evaluates the effectiveness of enzymatically digesting the legumes before consumption. The second evaluates the effectiveness of the enzyme supplement Beano, which applies the enzyme to RFOs in the stomach. Experimental data showed that enzymatically digesting raw flours does significantly reduce the amount of RFOs in the legume. Similarly, Beano also reduces RFOs significantly. In 4 out of the 6 legumes sampled, there was no significant difference between the two methods. In order to consider the methods for commercial use, other factors (such as economic, logistical, etc.) must also be considered. At the outset, it appears that taking an enzyme supplement such as Beano might be more economically viable in the long term for the consumer, since processing costs for the flatulence free legumes would drive up the price of (normally cheap) legumes. There is an increase in the amount of people who are giving up meat for environmental and other reasons. For these consumers, as well as those who come from cultures that integrate legumes in their cuisine, the removal of flatulence factors from this nutrition-rich food group will be very beneficial.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Karssli, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Karssli, Mahmoud}, title = {CRISPR technology in human medicine: advantages and disadvantages over traditional treatments}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-16080}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {88}, abstract = {Genome editing tools hold tremendous potential in fighting various diseases via editing specific sites within the target gene of interest of distinct cell types. Among these tools, CRISPR has shown several advantages over alternative nucleases, such as ease of design, high efficiency, and low cost. In this work, a comprehensive review of the existing research on the application of CRISPR technology to the treatment of human diseases is presented. These diseases include monogenic and infectious diseases, as well as conditions for which immunotherapies are typically applied, such as cancer and autoimmune disorders. Following this review is an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of CRISPR-based strategies compared to traditional treatments in a selection of diseases; this aims to demonstrate the overall potential of CRISPR therapeutic applications in humans and the need for further investigation and development.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Kanwal, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Kanwal, Hafsa}, title = {Detection of the Fish Pathogen Vagococcus salmoninarum via Quantitative real-time PCR for Aquaculture}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-16222}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {72}, abstract = {PHOTO-SENS is a project that aims to develop photonic biosensing chips as a means of allowing onset detection of pathogenic infections in aquaculture. These chips are meant to be a way for quick and simple routine testing that would enable aquaculture facilities to recognize potential outbreaks and minimize their effects. The chips detect target bacteria using short DNA sequences known as probes which are complementary to target DNA. One of the fish pathogens under consideration for the course of this project is Vagococcus salmoninarum, that is a causative agent of Vagococcosis. For this work, a primer and probe set specific to V. salmoninarum was designed. These primers and probes were then tested via qPCR for their selectivity and sensitivity and most importantly, quantification of DNA in samples using two different standard dilution series. Due to V. salmoninarum being a Gram-positive bacteria, three methods of DNA extraction were used and compared for maximum efficiency. Moreover, experiments were also conducted to mimic capture of eDNA (environmental DNA) from highly diluted water samples. Upon comparing the three DNA extraction methods, the improved 5\% Chelex protocol that included rapid agitation via glass beads, yielded the highest amount of DNA that was closest to expected SQ. The detection of all samples, including very low copy number, was possible via qPCR. The first standard series which was the gBlocks standard series had the lowest detection limit of 1 copy with an efficiency of 105.8\% and the second standard series that is the CFU standard series had a detection limit of 10 copies and had an efficiency of 104.2\%. The filtration experiment also showed detection in diluted, filtered samples. Since detection using the designed probe was successful, the probes are therefore considered suitable for detection of Vagococcus salmoninarum in the PHOTO-SENS project.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Lavasanifar, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Lavasanifar, Parsa}, title = {Comparative analysis of guide RNA design tools}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-15307}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {72}, abstract = {Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR), has rapidly come to the forefront of genome engineering and has revolutionized the field. Today, CRISPR-Cas is regarded to be the most effective and efficient tool in genome editing. It is considered to have many applications in medicine, agriculture and biotechnology. The Cas protein and gRNA are two of the most crucial components of the CRISPR-Cas system. Currently, there are barriers that prevent the full potential of CRISPR-Cas systems in clinical applications, including, ethical concerns, off-target effects, immune system response, method of delivery. Off-target prevention relies heavily on gRNA analysis. With the help of technology and algorithms developed based on researches, there have been many bioinformatical tools focused on the off-target activity inhibition and increasing efficiency. In order to achieve practical use of CRISPR systems, there needs to be more predictive bioinformatical tools to minimize the off-target activity. This thesis aims to review some of these tools and discusses the criteria for future bioinformatical tools' development by addressing the current limitations and challenges. This thesis is written theoretically by using various reputable resources such as PubMed in English. Because many of the tools covered in this thesis had no prior reviews, the author had to learn how to use them, therefore this thesis does not cover all of their features for professional users. In the result section, the author has provided figures from the interface of the tools along with description of the functionality of the algorithms in use. All of the mentioned tools are then examined in the discussion part. There, features such as speed, ease of use for beginners, price, being open-source, being web or local based, flexibility in working with other tools and batch analysis are reviewed and compared. There short conclusive results are also depicted in a table for effective comparison.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Wu, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Wu, Ziang}, title = {Significance of gut microbiota in prognosis of cancer therapy-induced rectal mucositis and treatment outcome}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-15323}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {83}, abstract = {Colorectal cancer is a common type of cancer. Chemotherapy is an important method to treat cancer. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a commonly used drug in chemotherapy regimens. 5-FU not only inhibited cancer cell division but also accelerated the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells. lead to colorectal mucositis. Some patients will develop severe mucositis, making subsequent treatment difficult and even life-threatening. The role of gut microbiota in the process of 5-FU-induced colorectal mucositis, and the regulation of gut microbiota through dietary regimens to reduce the possibility of colorectal mucositis deterioration are the research directions of this thesis. This thesis uses PubMed, NCBI and textbooks as the main reference sources, and some information comes from trusted websites. Through review and integration of research, it was concluded that gut microbiota played a non-negligible role in 5-FU-induced colorectal mucositis. Probiotics help maintain the stability of the intestinal mucosal barrier. The main cause of colorectal mucositis is that 5-FU suppresses the immune system and disrupts the immune system. Under the influence of 5-FU, intestinal flora dysbiosis occurs, and the intestinal mucosal barrier function is negatively affected. This leads to the worsening of colorectal mucositis. It can be inferred from research that a reasonable dietary regimen can reduce the possibility of exacerbation of colorectal mucositis. Furthermore, the digestive tract should be viewed as a whole. The role of the stomach and small intestine in the process of 5-FU-induced colorectal mucositis still needs further study. The research of gut microbes in this thesis focuses on Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Pathogenic/opportunistic pathogens and other probiotics are understudied. More in-depth studies are still needed on the role of gut microbes in the process of 5-FU-induced colorectal mucositis}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Kim, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Kim, Wooyong}, title = {3D bioprinting of cartilage tissue: Current advances and challenges in tissue engineering}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-15373}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {92}, abstract = {As industrial technologies develop, some techniques were adopted and applied in medical fields for treatment improvement. Among them, 3D bioprinting is regarded as a rising and trending technology in the tissue engineering area. This is because not only does it offer patients customized organs or tissues, but also it can lower animal test dependency on drug testing. This paper is mainly focused on the use of 3D printing as a cartilage tissue fabrication for transplantation. In the beginning, general information and background knowledge concerning cartilage and bioprinting approaches were addressed. Subsequently, current research results from eight research teams related to cartilage tissue printing and grafting were introduced. Then the reports were classified and sorted into several groups to analyze and evaluate various methods' properties, advantages, and disadvantages. After that, some classic and traditional ways to produce artificial tissues without 3D bioprinting techniques were described to prove the strength of the novel tissue engineering technology. In the end, several side points, such as limitations, 3D bioprinting usages in fields other than tissue transplantation, market value, and outlook of bioprinting, were discussed. Information and sources were retrieved using Google and PubMed database search engines under specific inclusion and exclusion criteria through a PCC concept. Although the 3D bioprinting technique is still in development processes, it has a high potential to be a game-changing approach in the medical and pharmaceutical fields after commercialization in the future.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Roehrich, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Roehrich, Anne-Victoria}, title = {Contribution of relocated biology technologies and mobile health for the estimation of cardiovascular risks.}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-15232}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {44}, abstract = {Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the first mortality causes in the world (Khan 2021) and one of the main causes of death in Belgium. It is gauged that 17.9 million lives are taken every year worldwide. They are the causes of multiple issues, such as premature death or disabilities. They are as well causing a consequent impact on socio-economic aspects. One of the cardiovascular risks, which is one of the main thematic of this thesis is Atrial Fibrillation (AF). AF is not a new pathology, it was already described in 1827 by Robert Adams, and then in the 20th century, William Einthoven, by inventing electrocardiography, enabled the first record of it (Staerk, Sherer, Ko et al. ,year 2017). AF is a type of cardiac arrhythmia, and the most sustained one. In Belgium it is estimated that 150 000 persons are affected by it. Being an important factor in the prevention of Heart Failures (HF) and Cardiovascular risks, the management, and the screening of it are a predominant matter taking in consideration the risks brought by it. Different protocols are established in hospitals, however it is a bit more limited in general practitioner's offices (GP practices). The introduction to digital health devices can as well be delicate, as many benefits they can offer, a few disadvantages have to be taken into account in order to include them to a proper protocol. Establishing a protocol including different factors such as relocated biology technologies and mobile health, while being external to the GP practices, can prove itself to be a challenge.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Sternberg, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Sternberg, Daniel}, title = {Cannabislegalisierung in Deutschland: Auswirkungen auf den Jugend- und Gesundheitsschutz}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-15970}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {87}, abstract = {Das Thema der Cannabislegalisierung in Deutschland ist mit dem Beschluss im Koalitionsvertrag der neuen Koalition von 2021 so aktuell wie nie zuvor. In der vorliegenden Arbeit soll herausgearbeitet werden, ob die Cannabislegalisierung in Deutschland den Jugend- und Gesundheitsschutz f{\"o}rdern kann. Nach Beantwortung dieser Frage soll dar{\"u}ber hinaus analysiert werden, welche Maßnahmen bzw. Rahmenbedingungen der Legalisierung den Jugend- und Gesundheitsschutz am effektivsten f{\"o}rdern k{\"o}nnen. Zur Beantwortung dieser Forschungsfragen wurde eine umfassende Literaturrecherche durchgef{\"u}hrt. Dass Cannabis in Deutschland trotz Verbot konsumiert wird, zeigt die Lebenszeitpr{\"a}valenz von {\"u}ber 28 \%. Es wurde herausgestellt, dass Cannabis insbesondere f{\"u}r Jugendliche gesundheitliche Gefahren mit sich bringt. Auf Grund der Illegalit{\"a}t wird das Cannabis unkontrolliert auf dem Schwarzmarkt verkauft, weshalb es oftmals zu minderwertiger Qualit{\"a}t oder sogar Streckmitteln und Verunreinigungen kommt, die zus{\"a}tzliche Gesundheitsrisiken bergen. Ebenfalls wird der Kontakt zu anderen illegalen Drogen gef{\"o}rdert. Staaten, die Cannabis bereits legalisiert haben, zeigen, dass der Konsum kaum anstieg und bei Jugendlichen sogar r{\"u}ckl{\"a}ufig war. Bez{\"u}glich cannabisinduzierter Krankheiten konnte ein Anstieg festgestellt werden, der allerdings auf die steigende gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz von Cannabis zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren ist. Erstere Forschungsfrage l{\"a}sst sich demnach damit beantworten, dass mit dem Wegfallen versteckter Gefahren des Schwarzmarktes der Jugend- und Gesundheitsschutz gef{\"o}rdert werden kann, da das alleinige Verbot nicht vom Konsum abh{\"a}lt. Mit gewissen Rahmenbedingungen, wie z.B. dem Preis, Verkaufsstellen, H{\"o}chstabgabemengen, Produktion und THC-Obergrenzen kann die Gesundheit der Konsumenten gesch{\"u}tzt sowie auch die H{\"a}ufigkeit und Intensit{\"a}t des Konsums eingeschr{\"a}nkt werden. Somit sch{\"u}tzt die Legalisierung von Cannabis unter den richtigen Rahmenbedingungen effektiv die Gesundheit von Jugendlichen sowie allen Cannabiskonsumenten, w{\"a}hrend dar{\"u}ber hinaus finanzielle Vorteile entstehen.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Mutzberg, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Mutzberg, Lisa-Camilla}, title = {Oral Enzyme Therapy in Systemic Analgetic Treatment}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-15107}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {91}, abstract = {The possibility of an oral enzyme combination being able to replace diclofenac in the treatment of pain and inflammation is discussed. Oral enzyme therapy involves the use of proteolytic enzymes like bromelain, serratiopeptidase, trypsin, rutin, and papain. The goal of oral enzyme therapy is to replace non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the treatment of symptoms requiring short or long-term treatment due to the side effects of NSAIDs for example diclofenac. The main analysis is focused on the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of oral enzyme therapy. The results are based on database retrieval covering single oral enzymes and oral enzyme combinations like Wobenzym and Phlogenzym. Osteoarthritis and post- surgery treatment studies of oral enzyme therapy are included to analyze the efficacy and effectiveness of the new treatment approach. Bromelain, serratiopeptidase, and rutin are covered in their industrial production. Safety and efficacy, trial diversity, economics, and the potential of oral enzymes being the new homeopathy are discussed. Oral enzymes show a great safety profile in the overall comparison to NSAIDs with tolerability rated as good and very good by patients and physicians. The trial diversity has an impact on the comparability resulting in the need for a cohesion set-up for the retrieval of evidence on the efficacy and effectiveness of oral enzyme therapy. The economic situation of oral enzymes is defined by the currently expensive production of enzymes with a possible reduction in retail price due to new techniques and technology. With the presence of new studies of high quality in the future, a detailed revision of facts is advised on oral enzymes being an alternative to NSAIDs.}, language = {en} } @misc{Hoffmann, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Hoffmann, Annika}, title = {Wie der Darm unsere Psyche beeinflusst-Modulation des Mikrobioms als geeigneter Therapieansatz f{\"u}r psychische Krankheiten?}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-15614}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Die Pr{\"a}valenz von psychischen Erkrankungen ist in der Bev{\"o}lkerung weit verbreitet und in den letzten Jahren stark angestiegen. J{\"a}hrlich sind etwa 27,8 \% der Erwachsenen in Deutschland von psychischen Erkrankungen betroffen. Dabei sind die R{\"u}ckfallquoten und die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Chronifizierung dieser Krankheiten sehr hoch. Auch besteht die Problematik, dass es wenige Anlaufstellen f{\"u}r die Betroffenen gibt, lange Wartezeiten in Kauf genommen werden m{\"u}ssen und herk{\"o}mmliche medikament{\"o}se Therapien teilweise starke Nebenwirkungen hervorrufen. In dieser Masterthesis wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen psychischen Krankheiten, dem Mikrobiom und Stoffwechselparametern untersucht, um zu kl{\"a}ren, ob eine Modulation des Darm Mikrobioms durch Pr{\"a}biotika und Probiotika einen geeigneten Behandlungsansatz f{\"u}r die Therapie von psychischen Erkrankungen wie Depressionen, Angstst{\"o}rungen, Schizophrenie oder Anorexia nervosa darstellen k{\"o}nnte. Dazu wurden insgesamt 55 Artikel analysiert. Die Abundanz von Darmmikroben auf Phylum-, Familien- und Gattungsebene, die Konzentrationsver{\"a}nderung von Stoffwechselparametern, die Auswirkungen bestimmter Mikroorganismen auf die Stoffwechselparameter und der Effekt von Pr{\"a}- und Probiotika auf das Mikrobiom und die Verhaltensweisen der Patienten bzw. der Tiere wurden in den Studien verglichen. Es konnte eine Korrelation zwischen der relativen H{\"a}ufigkeit bestimmter Mikroorganismen, den von ihnen produzierten Metaboliten und dem Auftreten der untersuchten psychischen Erkrankungen festgestellt werden. Durch die Supplementation mit Pr{\"a}- und Probiotika und insbesondere durch Lactobacillus spp. und Bifidobacterium spp., konnten die Symptome abgeschw{\"a}cht werden. Vor allem der kombinierte Einsatz von Pro- und Pr{\"a}biotika hat sich als effektiv erwiesen. Die Behandlung von psychischen Erkrankungen ausschließlich durch den Einsatz von Pr{\"a}- und Probiotika ist h{\"a}ufig nicht ausreichend. In Kombination mit herk{\"o}mmlichen Behandlungsmethoden ist die gezielte Modulation des Mikrobioms als sinnvoll zu bewerten. Insgesamt ist dieses Themenfeld jedoch noch wenig erforscht und die Literatur liefert teilweise widerspr{\"u}chliche Ergebnisse, wodurch zuk{\"u}nftig weitere Untersuchungen erforderlich sind.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Wujec, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Wujec, Priscilla}, title = {Chancen und Risiken einer CRISPR/Cas9 basierten Gentherapie an Duchenne Muskel Dystrophie und Zystischer Fibrose}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-12940}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {72}, abstract = {Hintergrund: Seit 2013 gewinnt das autonome Immunsystem der Bakterien CRISPR/Cas9 an Bedeutung f{\"u}r die Humanmedizin. Das System kann einen pr{\"a}zisen Schnitt in der DNA verursachen, gegebenenfalls neue Gene einsetzen. Mit CRISPR/Cas9 k{\"o}nnten krankheitsverursachende Gene potenziell ausgeschaltet und eine ph{\"a}notypische Verbesserung oder Heilung erm{\"o}glicht werden. Jedoch gibt es noch Herausforderungen, welche die Behandlungsm{\"o}glichkeiten in der konventionellen Humanmedizin limitieren. Ziel der Arbeit: Ziel dieser Arbeit ist eine Abhandlung {\"u}ber die Chancen, Risiken und Herausforderungen der Genschere CRISPR/Cas9 in der Humanmedizin an genetisch bedingten Erkrankungen am Beispiel von Duchenne Muskel Dystrophie und Zystischer Fibrose. Ergebnisse: CRISPR/Cas9 kann an CF humanisierten S{\"a}ugetiermodellen, sowie IPS Stammzellen eine Korrektur der F508 Deletion im CFTR Gen verursachen. Die Forskolin Schwellung ist nach Behandlung mit CRIPSR/Cas9 im S{\"a}ugetiermodell wiederhergestellt. Es trat ein Off-Target Effekt auf. Gleichwohl konnte eine Behandlung mit CRISPR/Cas9 am humanisierten S{\"a}ugetiermodell f{\"u}r DMD die Dystrophin-Expression wiederherstellen. Muskelkraft in Skelett- und Herzmuskulatur hat sich signifikant verbessert. Es kam zu On-Target Effekten und Immunreaktionen. Fazit: CRISPR/Cas9 hat das Potenzial genetische Mutationen zu korrigieren und die Gen-Expression zu retten. Weitere Studien m{\"u}ssen unternommen werden, um das Risiko von Off-Target Effekten zu minimieren, Langzeitwirkungen zu beobachten und Drug Delivery zu optimieren.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Torzewska, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Torzewska, Agata}, title = {Method development for quantification of prescription drugs Fluphenazine and Flupentixol in serum.}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-12715}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {74}, abstract = {The LVR clinic in Viersen belongs to a group of nine psychiatric clinics in NRW, Germany. In the pharmacy laboratory, the therapeutic drug monitoring is offered for antiepileptic drugs (AED´s), neuroleptics and antidepressants. Fluphenazine and Flupentixol are used to relieve the symptoms of schizophrenia and other similar mental health problems. The purpose of this work is the development and validation of methods for quantitation of the neuroleptics Fluphenazine and Flupentixol, contained in human serum. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is very important for a patient-matched therapy. TDM is applied to handle and direct the pharmacotherapy because of the pharmacokinetic differences between different individuals. The developed methods should be afterwards introduced into the daily routine of the laboratory. The analytical device used for this purpose is a Liquid Chromatography with a Mass Spectrometer (LCMS), with a Biphenyl Accucore separation column which is also used for other neuroleptics quantised. For Fluphenazine, an already existing in the laboratory sample precipitation method was used. Also, an already applied for other similar neuroleptics LCMS method, called "Biphenyl03_new" (lasting for 11 minutes, with a high gradient between the elution agents) was taken on, and resulted in a good linearity. In case of Flupentixol, a completely new method had to be established, in order to achieve a baseline separation of cis-Z-Flupentixol and trans-E-Flupentixol. For the sample preparation, a solid phase extraction method was developed. The established methods were then applied for quantitation of patient samples, and the stability of the measurements was proved. Also, the accuracy and precision of obtained results was tested in the Proficiency Test. Limit of quantitation achieved for Fluphenazine was 0,5ng/ml, whereas for Flupentixol the LOQ was 0,25ng/ml. The Limit of detection found was 0,05ng/ml for both substances. The development was successful for both analytes and the established methods were integrated into the daily routine of the laboratory.}, language = {en} }