@masterthesis{Gehrmann, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Gehrmann, Bastian}, title = {The Impact of Planted Green Facades on Biodiversity and Tem perature in the immediate Surroundings of urban Buildings}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {People and nature are affected by climate change in different ways. The effects of diminishing green spaces, increasing sealed spaces, and higher summer temperatures are particularly noticeable in built-up and urban areas. The constant use of land and development means that insect habitats, which are essential to a functioning ecosystem, are being lost. But this development is not only problematic for insects: increased sealing also increases the potential risk of the heat island effect, which poses a threat to human health. One possible solution for providing habitat and food for insects in urban areas could be green fa{\c{c}}ade systems. These could partially restore ecosystem services lost to development and have a positive effect on ambient temperature through shading of the building and evaporation from the plants. In order to measure this effect of fa{\c{c}}ade greening on the environment, in particular on insect diversity and insect population, this work measured the number of insects using two different counting methods over several days on two external fa{\c{c}}ades, one with fa{\c{c}}ade greening and one without. In addition, to determine the effect of the green fa{\c{c}}ade on the ambient temperature, the temperature was measured at different parts of the fa{\c{c}}ades at both measurement locations. The result of the work is that the fa{\c{c}}ade with plants has a significantly higher insect biodiversity and insect density than the fa{\c{c}}ade without plants. Temperatures are cooler, in most cases, on a green fa{\c{c}}ade. However, they are not particularly significant and show large fluctuations. The paper also outlines a possible way of analysing demand and developing a possible sales concept.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Huelshoff, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {H{\"u}lshoff, Kristina}, title = {Visualisierung klimafreundlicher Baumaßnahmen am Beispiel der Stadt Xanten}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-18847}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {60}, abstract = {Due to anthropogenic climate change, cities need to be restructured. New measures are necessary to achieve climate neutral cities. With the assistance of 3D Programs, concepts against flooding, heat and in favor of mobility transition can be visualized. This thesis will emphasize why it is so relevant to take actions against climate change and will investigate which measures are helpful, especially in cities. In connection, the ideation of measures for the City of Xanten will be presented. Subsequently, the process of chosen Design Style and concepts for various Xanten locations will be explained and displayed. These elaborated concepts can be seen as a thought provoking impulse for at least Xanten, which may be realized in the future.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Kulms, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Kulms, Leander}, title = {Paludiculture and farming practices for carbon storage in peatlands - a case study at the lower Rhine}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Moors have fascinated and scared humanity for centuries. Recently, these wetlands are discussed about for their Climate Change mitigation potential by re-wetting efforts. Since most studies on the topic of potential greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction in Germany focus on large areas in the North and South of Germany, this study observes a smaller example area of organic soil in Kleve, North-Rhine Westphalia. It is analyzed in terms of suitability for paludiculture as well as for potential savings of GHG and a reduction of the Global Warming Potential (GWP). The study introduces a ranking system that allows an easy estimation of the suitability of fields, based on criteria that assign points from 1 to 4 per criteria. The total for each field is compared with one another. Emission values are based on the GEST-approach, developed by moor scientists in Greifswald, Germany. This study compares current field emissions in Kleve and compares them to theoretical agricultural cultivation scenarios that are simulated and projected onto said fields. The scenarios include the cultivation of Phragmites australis, a grazing system with Bulbalus arnee and the neglection of agriculture supplemented with photovoltaic power harvesting. The research highlights that maintaining high water levels is crucial for significant greenhouse gas emission savings. Water levels of around the soil surface level are assumed to have the highest potential for such savings. Phragmites australis cultivation and the grazing scenario demonstrate the highest potential for savings, reaching up to 2118.56 t CO2-equivalent per hectare annually. Although the findings of this study are promising, it is strongly recommended to update this study with newer findings in the future and to consider production-related emissions that extend the sole on-field emissions.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Uengueder, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {{\"U}ng{\"u}der, {\"O}mer {\"O}zg{\"u}n}, title = {Real-Time Chat Application with ADALM-PLUTO Software Defined Radio}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-18525}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {81}, abstract = {Software-defined radios (SDRs) are flexible, inexpensive, portable, and efficient devices that can be used in the development of applications and solutions for various domains, from telecommunications to radar systems. In this thesis, I present the PlutoChat application that establishes wireless digital communication between two AdalmPluto SDRs in Python programming language. To take advantage of the structure of the Pluto SDR RF chip and handle phase shifts, I introduce the 4/2-QAM quadrature amplitude modulation. For the PlutoChat application, I developed the communication system's components, both on the transmitting and receiving ends, in Python and tested with the data obtained from the Pluto SDR. To address the challenges related to carrier recovery and timing synchronization, adaptive algorithms were used in PlutoChat. This thesis also outlines a communication protocol that involves symbol conversion and frame generation to facilitate the transmission of text messages over the air. To ensure system reliability, I measured the local oscillator performance of the Pluto SDR and tested individual communication blocks of the PlutoChat, including both receiver and transmitter components, using an example text through the Pluto SDR. Having achieved successful transmission and reception, I integrated the communication system blocks in the PlutoChat application. To validate the practical utility of PlutoChat, the end users engaged with the system, sending and receiving text messages via the IPython terminal.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{LezanaPascual, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Lezana Pascual, Miguel}, title = {Development of an Agrivoltaic Plant}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-18536}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {77}, abstract = {The present paper deals with developing two Agrivoltaics (Agri-PV) plants in Kleve, Germany, to study their feasibility and analyze the interaction between cattle farming and solar photovoltaic power generation. The study area will be used as pasture to feed the cows, which will allow evaluation of the economic and technical feasibility of this combination in an area called the "test area" and then to perform the second installation with a larger area called the "potential area." The main results include the decisions taken for the plant's design, the efficiency and performance of the Agri-PV system, the economic results obtained through simulations in PV*SOL software, and the use of plans developed in AutoCAD. The objective of the report is the correct implementation of the Agri-PV system in both the test area and the potential area. It has been demonstrated that integrating solar energy in agricultural areas offers a favorable economic projection, with adequate returns and positive cash flows. This implementation represents an opportunity to diversify income in the farm sector by generating energy for export to the power grid. The conclusions highlight the feasibility of the Agri-PV model and its potential as an effective solution for renewable energy generation in agricultural areas. Further research is suggested to evaluate the impact on agricultural productivity and the interaction of the cows with the panels and to conduct long-term economic and financial studies to ensure the system's sustainability.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Rohlfing, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Rohlfing, Pauline}, title = {Einfluss von Benzalkoniumchlorid auf die Selektion von Bakteriengemeinschaften und die Verbreitung von Resistenzgenen in mit Mikroplastik angereichertem Boden}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-18573}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {119}, abstract = {Die zunehmende Anreicherung anthropogener Mikroverunreinigungen in der Umwelt hat in j{\"u}ngster Zeit verst{\"a}rkte wissenschaftliche Aufmerksamkeit erhalten. Der steigende Eintrag von Mikroplastik in die Umwelt kombiniert mit der Ausbreitung von Resistenzgenen erfordert eine eingehende Analyse ihrer m{\"o}glichen Interaktionen und Auswirkungen auf die {\"O}kosysteme. In dieser Studie stand die Interaktion zwischen Mikroplastik, speziell HDPE, einem nicht biologisch abbaubaren Polymer, und PHBH, eine biologisch abbaubare Alternative, in Kombination mit Benzalkoniumchlorid im Fokus. Ziel war es, deren Einfluss auf die Gemeinschaftsstruktur von Bodenmikroorganismen und die Pr{\"a}valenz von Antibiotikaresistenzgenen zu untersuchen. Unter Verwendung eines Mikrokosmos- Designs wurden organisch bewirtschaftete Bodenproben mit den vorgenannten Substanzen {\"u}ber drei und sechs Wochen inkubiert. Im Anschluss wurden die Biofilme auf den Mikropartikeln mittels qPCR und ddPCR analysiert, wobei die Abundanz von Bakterien, Pilzen und dem Klasse-1-Integron-Gen untersucht wurde. Die Ergebnisse k{\"o}nnen nicht best{\"a}tigen, dass Benzalkoniumchlorid die Verbreitung von Resistenzgenen oder mikrobielle Gemeinschaftsstrukturen beeinflusst. Im Gegensatz dazu wirkte PHBH als signifikanter Modulator, der die Vielfalt der Pilz- und Bakterientaxa im Biofilm verringerte, jedoch die Gesamtabundanz erh{\"o}hte. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Befunde werden die potenziellen {\"o}kologischen Implikationen der Mikroplastikverschmutzung deutlich. Es betont die Notwendigkeit vertiefter Forschungen, um die komplexen Wechselwirkungen zwischen Mikroplastik und anderen anthropogenen Kontaminanten in terrestrischen {\"O}kosystemen zu verstehen.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Mumtaz, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Mumtaz, Muhammad Imran}, title = {Generation and expression of a mutated murine tRNA-guanine transglycosylase variant}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-18560}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {70}, abstract = {Translation of messenger RNA carrying the nucleic code for protein synthesis is one of the vital bioprocesses of living organisms. This translation is mediated by transfer RNA, which allocates specific amino acids to the growing chain by decoding the genetic code. The tRNAs with the G34U35N36 anticodon sequence are recognised by an enzyme called tRNA-guanine transglycosylase, which catalyses the exchange of guanine with queuine. TGT enzyme is found in all three domains of life and is involved in post-transcriptional modification. TGT is of keen interest in the development of therapeutics against shigellosis, since the genetic inactivation of TGT leads to decreased pathogenicity in Shigella. For understanding the differences between bacterial and eukaryotic TGT, studies have been performed in the past, which show remarkable resemblance. On the contrary, some pronounced structural contrast can also be observed. One prominent difference is that the bacterial TGT contains a short turn of three amino acids, whereas, in eukaryotes, this turn is replaced by an extended loop of more than 45 amino acids. The function of this loop in eukaryotic TGT is not known. The loop is a highly flexible region and, thus, is not structurally solved. To elucidate the function of this loop, a TGT mutant lacking this loop was generated, expressed and purified. TGT mutant was expressed in different bacterial cell strains. For the purification, different chromatography techniques were utilised. The mutation resulted in a low yield of the protein in comparison to the wild-type TGT. This leads to the inference that the loop influences the physicochemical characteristics of the protein.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Schlueter, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Schl{\"u}ter, Leon}, title = {Modelling Power Generation of Photovoltaics using Weather Data for the Design of an Electrolysis System}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-18547}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {100}, abstract = {To simplify the process towards the development of necessary hydrogen energy storage systems, this research project provides important information and tools for the planning process of such systems on a small scale. Several questions about a solar powered system using hydrogen for energy storage designed for the companies WSN and ESN, could not be answered sufficiently with the available tools which made developing new tools necessary. This tool incorporates various input variables and PV energy generation data to simulate the system's performance over a year into a Microsoft Excel based simulation. Within the framework of the tool developed over the course of the thesis, theoretical exploration of various options for system composition can take place. The insights gained there can be transferred to the implementation of actual projects and have an impact on the speed at which these projects can be realized. The results of the simulation led to the proposal of a system designed for the company WSN, where hydrogen serves as a long-term energy storage solution. Notably, this approach significantly reduces the surplus energy that goes unused, making the system more efficient. This research contributes valuable insights and practical tools to enhance the planning and implementation of small-scale hydrogen energy storage projects.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Belkhodja, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Belkhodja, Fatma}, title = {Targeted therapy to overcome the blood-brain barrier in treating Glioblastoma}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-18504}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {101}, abstract = {Glioblastoma represents a challenge in oncology, characterized by its aggressive nature and resistance to conventional therapies. This thesis conducts a comprehensive examination of Glioblastoma, with a primary focus on advancing therapeutic strategies through precision medicine and sophisticated drug delivery mechanisms. The inquiry starts with an exhaustive analysis of the intricate blood-brain barrier, a vital neurovascular interface critical for understanding drug delivery complexities to the central nervous system. Subsequently, the study delves into Glioblastoma, elucidating its etiological foundations, molecular intricacies, clinical presentations, and existing treatment paradigms. The core of this research centers on the exploration of state-of-the-art targeted therapies, encompassing molecular-level targeting, immunotherapeutic modalities, and synergistic therapeutic approaches. It dissects a range of strategies aimed at enhancing drug delivery, including chemical disruption techniques, innovative delivery methodologies, and bioengineered approaches. Furthermore, it underscores the transformative potential of nanotechnology, emphasizing nanocarriers as precision tools poised to revolutionize GBM therapy. The literature review is conducted meticulously, drawing from renowned databases like PubMed, NCBI, NIH/National Cancer Institute, JSTOR, and BioMed Central. Additionally, reputable national and international health institute websites, along with carefully selected books from the campus library, contribute to the diverse and robust foundation of credible information. The discussion segment dissects the challenges inherent in GBM targeted treatment, underscores the burgeoning domain of precision medicine, highlights the paradigm-shifting role of theranostics, and outlines a roadmap for future prospects in this intricate landscape.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{TchuemkamTadjuidje, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Tchuemkam Tadjuidje, Hermann}, title = {Simulation of the temporal behavior of logical execution time in combination with classical tasks in an AUTOSAR Classic multi-core computer system using the tool ChronSim.}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Modern automotive systems have transitioned to distributed architectures, necessitating their embedded real-time software to be deterministic to ensure that they operate properly. To achieve this deterministic behavior, the Bounded Execution Time (BET) model, in combination with the Logical Execution Time (LET) paradigm, is applied on some software. This scheduling method is tested for applicability on new software projects at the early-concept phase of their development. This research is done by performing scheduling simulation with the tool chronSIM by INCHRON. However, chronSIM lacks basic model object to represent LET tasks. This thesis addresses this deficiency by presenting a model for LET within an AUTOSAR classic multi-core computer system, all within the chronSIM tool. The research elaborates on creating a model for LET tasks using the basic model objects available in chronSIM. Furthermore, an existing scripted modeling toolchain, used by Vitesco Technologies engineers for software project modeling and simulation, is upgraded to model LET tasks and introduces new configuration options which can be used to setup a couple LET scheduling scenarios. The thesis also includes simulation of several projects, with in-depth analysis of their simulation results. The primary objective of this thesis is to advance the simulation process of automotive software to analyze the applicability of a range of scheduling configurations.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Heesen, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Heesen, Lisa}, title = {Ver{\"a}nderung der Tryptophanmetabolitlevel im Blutserum w{\"a}hrend einer akuten aeroben Ausdauerbelastung bei jungen gesunden Erwachsenen}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Die essenzielle Aminos{\"a}ure Tryptophan (TRP) stellt den Ausgangspunkt einer Vielzahl von bioaktiven Verbindungen dar. Diese spielen eine bedeutsame Rolle f{\"u}r viele (patho)physiologische Prozesse im menschlichen K{\"o}rper. Der Kynurenispfad (KP) beschreibt den prim{\"a}ren Stoffwechselweg des TRP. Bei entz{\"u}ndungsassoziierten Erkrankungen (z.B. MS, Depressionen) ist dieser Stoffwechselweg mit all seinen Metaboliten dysreguliert. Dadurch stellt der KP ein geeignetes Messziel (Target) f{\"u}r diagnostische, prognostische und therapeutische Ans{\"a}tze dar. In Interventionsstudien mit PR{\"A}-POST Design konnte bereits ein Einfluss akuter k{\"o}rperlicher Belastung auf den KP nachgewiesen werden. Ein Einfluss k{\"o}rperlicher Belastung auf den KP bleibt in gesunden Populationen jedoch bisher unklar. Im Rahmen einer experimentellen Sportinterventionsstudie absolvierten 12 gesunde Erwachsene (Alter 25,1±2,7 Jahre, Frauen: 6) eine 40-min{\"u}tige physische Belastung auf einem Fahrradergometer bei einer kontinuierlichen Intensit{\"a}t von 60\% VO2max. aus. Vor der Intervention, nach dem Warm-Up und zu mehreren Zeitpunkten w{\"a}hrend und nach der Belastung wurden ven{\"o}se Blutproben zu Analysezwecken entnommen. Mithilfe von Targeted Metabolomics Untersuchungen (LC-MS/ MS) wurden Serumkonzentrationen von TRP und s{\"a}mtlichen KP-Metaboliten bestimmt. Die Ver{\"a}nderungen der Konzentrationen wurden mittels Varianzanalysen (ANOVA) mit Messwiederholung statistisch {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft. Die Ergebnisse der zeigen einen signifikanten Anstieg (p < 0,001) der Kynurens{\"a}ure (KYNA) und Quinolins{\"a}ure (QA) nach 15 Minuten nach Belastungsstart. Die Xanthurens{\"a}urelevel (XA) hingegen steigen erst nach 30 Minuten Belastung an. TRP und Kynurenin (KYN) zeigen keine signifikanten Ver{\"a}nderung w{\"a}hrend er Belastung auf. Eine 15-min{\"u}tige Belastung gen{\"u}gt, um einen signifikanten Anstieg bestimmter KP-Metabolite hervorzurufen. Zuk{\"u}nftige Untersuchungen sollten die gesammelte Evidenz und randomisiert kontrollierten Designs in klinischen Settings pr{\"u}fen und weitere Trainingsmodalit{\"a}ten (Art, Intensit{\"a}t, Dauer, H{\"a}ufigkeit, Progression des Trainings) untersuchen.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Gniffke, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Gniffke, Jennifer Eileen}, title = {Sole Searching in Germany: Customer Journeys and the Effect of AI Marketing Tools on Footwear Purchases}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-18351}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {135}, abstract = {This thesis examines the effects Artificial Intelligence Marketing has on German customers and their Customer Journey. As Artificial Intelligence is gaining in significance in our lives, it is also starting to make its way into marketing, though it is still in its early stages here. Compared to other countries, like China and the USA, Germany's adaptation of Artificial Intelligence solutions is limited. Current literature shows that the opinions of customers on Artificial Intelligence Marketing in Germany are still rather unexplored. Semi-structured interviews with six young adults from Germany were conducted to investigate their Customer Journey for footwear purchases. Additionally they were introduced to Artificial Intelligence Marketing and their acceptance was analyzed by using the Technology Acceptance Model. The analysis of the results shows that the factor of assistance through Artificial Intelligence Marketing is appreciated by most who do not know what they want before they start their Customer Journey. It is concluded that the actual usage and how this affects German Generation Z customers is dependent on their Customer Journey and how they prefer to shop.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Martin, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Martin, Alina}, title = {Long-term effects after a short learning event: Evaluation of the effectivity of an ESD (Education for Sustainable Development) module on the importance of pollinating insects}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-18347}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {57}, abstract = {In order to design a fairer and more sustainable planet, the United Nations have agreed on the Agenda 2030 and the corresponding 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) as well as the Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) campaign. In order to assess the effectivity of this widely funded campaign, evaluation is in order. While usually larger projects and programs are evaluated, this thesis focuses on whether a short one-time education event can also create long-term learning effects. For a two-hour module on insect and pollinator diversity and their economic importance and conservation, evaluation was performed using empirical questionnaires with statistical analysis as well as participatory evaluation methodology. Statistical analysis shows that knowledge, skills and motivation increase strongly directly after the event, but for some part lower significantly after three weeks' time. Participatory interviews reflect very different developments in the participants, with some only having an increased awareness of the topic but others having implemented conservation measures and networking in their daily lives. Overall, the evaluation shows that long-term effects of short events are only partly observable and different depending on the participating person. There is, however, a potential for further education and activism whose importance should not be underestimated. Accordingly, even though longer programs are surely more effective in creating long-term learning effects and activism, short events can be very efficient as a gateway into many sustainability topics and should be part of ESD.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Erkkilae, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Erkkil{\"a}, Julia}, title = {Identification of Cas9-nickase Fusions that Promote HDR-mediated Genome Editing}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-18322}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {52}, abstract = {At the heart of this project was the exploration and improvement of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing platform with the goal of enhancing efficiency and ensuring safety. The research carried out was primarily concerned with testing and developing a gene editing system that bypasses the need for double strand breaks (DSBs). Given that DSBs are the most damaging events for a cell and pose a major safety risk in genome editing, eliminating them was a key focus of the project. The project aimed to increase the frequency of homology directed repair (HDR) while simultaneously decreasing non homologous end joining (NHEJ), thereby improving the accuracy of genome editing. The methodology involved the use of a Cas9 protein fused to factors involved in DNA repair. Based on previous evidence that this strategy improves the HDR mediated repair of a Cas9 induced DSB, intention here was to apply the same strategy to Cas9 nickases for a safer alternative to standard genome editing procedures. A Cas9 nuclease can be transformed into a Cas9 nickase (nCas9) that cuts only one strand of DNA by mutating one of the two nuclease domains of the Cas9 either via a D10A point mutation for RuvC or an H840A for HNH. Preliminary experiments had shown that using nickases could reduce the occurrence of DSBs at both target and non target sites. However, because genome editing efficiency of nickases is limited, the project focused on amplifying nickase induced HDR frequency by fusing the D10A nCas9 with DNA repair factors that guide the repair of single strand breaks via HDR. Experiments evaluated the ability of each Cas9 nickase to direct the resolution of single strand breaks via HDR. An eGFP or mCherry cassette under its own promoter was employed as a reporter gene to measure the success of the transfection. The experiments were performed in three genomic loci, namely AAVS1, CLYBL, and H2AX. The degree of eGFP or mCherry expression after 14 days, as quantified by flow cytometry, was used to estimate the knock in success. The results obtained support the hypothesis that fusing D10A nCas9 with selected DNA repair factors leads to an increase in the knock in efficiencies as compared to the unmodified nCas9. The choice of the promoter used to express the nuclease, either CMV or CAG, did not seem to influence the knock in efficiencies. Instead, the type of repair template used did influence the knock in efficiencies with nicked plasmid templates contributing to greater HDR levels than non nicked ones. Knock in efficiencies of Cas9 nickases varied depending on which locus they were tested in. More research remains to be done to test alternative Cas9 nickase fusions. However, this approach represents a promising direction for the creation of a more efficient and safer gene editing instrument for clinical use.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Ndour, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Ndour, Barbara}, title = {Sustainable development of agriculture and food micro, small and medium enterprises in Africa through women empowerment}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {The African continent is faced with a rapid population growth. This rapid population growth has brought with it the challenges of poverty and food insecurity. Since agriculture and food production are the backbone of food security, there is need to make farms and enterprises operating in that sector sustainable to meet the current food demand. In Africa, most agriculture and food production is conducted by MSMEs. Therefore, taking an inventory of the main actors of agriculture and food activities within the MSMEs is important to broaden and amplify the gains from agriculture and food production. Many studies indicated that women have a high participation rate in the agriculture and food sector in Africa. However, other studies also suggested that women in the agriculture and food sector are economically and socially disempowered due to various gender based discriminations thus decreasing the productivity of agriculture and food MSMEs in Africa. In order to analyse how women empowerment can contribute to the sustainable development of the MSMEs in Africa, a survey study was conducted. The goal of the survey was to identify challenges faced by women in the agriculture and food MSMEs as well as to identify if being a woman employee or a woman entrepreneur increases or decreases women's vulnerability to the challenges. The findings of the surveys revealed that women are subjected to gender based discrimination that include lack of access to training and financial support.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Gauri, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Gauri, Kshama}, title = {Feasibility of Pfeiffer's Circular Chromatography for testing soil and compost quality in the Environmental Labs at HSRW.}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-18268}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {60}, abstract = {The utilization of a simple test, such as Pfeiffer's Circular Chromatography (PCC), has the potential to provide deeper insights into all the parameters affecting soil health. However, despite its promise, the method has yet to attain widespread adoption among farmers and universities, primarily due to challenges in interpreting its outcomes. This thesis investigates the application of PCC as a technique for soil analysis at Hochschule Rhein Waal University. The paper analyses compost and soil samples sourced from the Rhein Ruhr region, focusing on the potential of PCC in determining chemical parameters, including nitrate content, pH, and organic matter quantity. As a result, the aforementioned chemical parameters were documented and the economic viability of the methods were compared to PCC. The development of PCC is dependent on environmental conditions. To explore this aspect, the test was conducted under different lighting conditions and assessed by various researchers to gauge its interpretability. The paper evaluates the test's reliability based on its reproducibility. The PCC results were found to be sensitive to environmental conditions; nevertheless, the method displays potential in assessing overall soil and compost health on a relative scale. The paper suggests improvements to enhance the technique's quality and provides recommendations for further research to explore the various possibilities of PCC and its interpretation. In conclusion, with additional research and data collection on the PCC method coupled with the integration of existing technologies such as machine learning and AI, the potential exists to provide farmers with a rapid technique for assessing their soil.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Krishnamoorthy, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Krishnamoorthy, Harriha}, title = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz und nachhaltiger Fast Fashion im E-Commerce - Machbarkeitsanalyse und qualitative Analyse zur kognitiven Dissonanz der Konsumenten}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {This thesis deals with the consumer purchasing behavior in the fast fashion segment. The central focus includes analyzing factors such as purchase intention, e-commerce trade, consequences and environmental impacts. The first section defines terms and compares current studies to each other. This is followed by a methodical discussion. In order to assess consumer purchasing behavior, semi-structured interviews were conducted, and digital diary entries were written by participants from generation Y and Z. Based on these results shopper types were identified.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Hammoudeh, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Hammoudeh, Basil Mazen}, title = {The use of biocatalysis in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC)}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-18147}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {99}, abstract = {Colorectal cancer is a significant global health burden. Early-stage colorectal cancer is asymptomatic, which, coupled with the fact that later stages of CRC have a very low prognosis, and that current methods of diagnosis and treatment significantly impact the patient, exploring alternate ways to diagnose and treat CRC is vital. Biocatalysis is the use of naturally found catalysts such as nanozymes and enzymes in order to catalyze reactions. Due to their characteristics and uses, biocatalysts are seen as promising alternatives to current methods of CRC diagnosis and therapy. This research-based bachelor thesis aims to summarize and analyze current traditional and biocatalytic methods that exist to diagnose and treat CRC, in order to seek the potential of biocatalysis in this field, as well as discuss its current state and its future in comparison to currently implemented methods. It provides an extensive overview of traditional and biocatalytic approaches to diagnosis and therapy, considering important factors such as efficacy, sensitivity, selectivity, cost, and safety. The thesis also delves into the use of biocatalysis for important points such as the early diagnosis of CRC, and the challenges faced during development, regulation, and monetary concerns. Through careful analysis of the strengths and limitations of techniques in the field, as well as personal opinions on the future of research, conclusions on given hypotheses regarding biocatalysis in CRC diagnosis and therapies were presented and included strong support for the unquestionable potential of biocatalysis use in cancer healthcare, while highlighting possibilities to tap into that potential by scrutinizing their equally as unquestionable current limitations. Overall, this thesis aspires to contribute, on however minuscule a scale, towards the advancement of CRC diagnosis and therapy approaches, with the ambition of improving patient care and prognosis, as well as quality of life for those struggling or who will struggle in the future with the disease, together with their kin who are profoundly affected as well.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Batson, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Batson, Adiel}, title = {INVESTIGATING SOIL BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY IN VARIABLE AGRICULTURAL SAMPLE SITES USING BAIT LAMINA METHODOLOGY}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {This research investigates the relationship between feeding activity and soil characteristics using Bait Lamina Methodology at six agricultural sample sites in western Germany. The ability to incorporate citizen science for data collection and evaluation is assessed and the quality of that data is compared using analysis of variance between group types. It was found that fertilization is strongly correlated with feeding activity (0.877). Positive correlations between temperature, soil moisture and soil organic matter content were also observed, although with varying degrees of influence. Mean feeding activities among different evaluating groups of students, staff, pupils, scout members and farming cooperative members (Solawi) did not deviate significantly from each other (p= 0.66 among students, Solawi and staff members, and p=0.52 among students, pupils and scout members, alpha= 0.05) . Data processing however for non staff and student groups was more arduous as more tallying mistakes were made than formerly mentioned groups. Results suggest that the bait lamina methodology is suited for citizen science, although data quality can easily be improved by digitizing evaluation handouts, with automation/formulas embedded for tallying.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Stroetzel, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Str{\"o}tzel, Alina}, title = {Der Zusammenhang von Einstellungen und Verhalten bei Umweltbelangen}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Das Ziel der vorliegenden Bachelorarbeit ist die Untersuchung der Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen Umwelteinstellungen und weiteren Einflussfaktoren auf das umweltbewusste Verhalten. Hierf{\"u}r wurden die Daten von 210 Teilnehmenden mittels einer quantitativen Online-Befragung untersucht. Dazu wurde die Kurzskala UGK-V der SEU-3 mit 21 Items genutzt. Diese beinhaltet sieben Inhaltskalen und misst die Konstrukte Einstellung, Verhaltensintention und selbstberichtetes Verhalten. Zudem wurden drei Items zur Erfassung von Bewusstheit von Handlungskonsequenzen genutzt. Es konnten signifikante Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen den umweltrelevanten Konstrukten gefunden werden. Am st{\"a}rksten korrelierte die Einstellung mit der Verhaltensbereitschaft. Die postulierten Hypothesen konnten best{\"a}tigt, m{\"u}ssen aber durch niedrige Reliabilit{\"a}t des selbstberichteten Verhaltens eingeschr{\"a}nkt betrachtet werden. Die Bewusstheit {\"u}ber Handlungskonsequenzen konnte mit allen Unterskalen und der Gesamtskala in Verbindung gebracht werden. Am h{\"o}chsten korrelierte diese mit dem Umweltbewusstsein. Die angenommene Korrelation (H4) stellte den kleinsten Zusammenhang dar, was darauf hindeutet, dass Bewusstheit f{\"u}r Handlungskonsequenzen eher mit der Einstellung als mit Verhalten in Verbindung gebracht werden kann. Die Kausalit{\"a}t kann nicht festgestellt werden, so ist eine Wechselwirkung nicht auszuschließen. Uneinheitliche Definitionen der Konstrukte erschweren neben einer unzureichend repr{\"a}sentativen Stichprobe eine Verallgemeinerung auf die Bev{\"o}lkerung. Die Ergebnisse k{\"o}nnen mit den Werten der Originalquellen verglichen werden und zeigen valide Erhebungsinstrumente. Die Studie hebt die Diskussion um den Effekt einer Verhaltensmodifikation zur L{\"o}sung {\"o}kologischer Probleme hervor.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Tscherner, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Tscherner, Marie}, title = {Anthropogenic Impact on the Amphibian Population at the Ober-Lohberg-Allee in Dinslaken}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {The current rapid biodiversity loss results in a sped-up extinction of species worldwide. Human health and welfare depend on ecosystem functions and services which are interchangeably connected to biodiversity. Amphibians are one of the most sensitive and vulnerable species to anthropogenic impacts, because of their fast reactions to changing conditions in their surroundings they are often referred to as bioindicator species. Since year 2016 an amphibian population located in the district of Wesel in North-Rhine-Westphalia in Germany experiences drastic changes in population size and composition. To find out if anthropogenic impacts may influence the development of the amphibian population, different methods for assessing the population and biodiversity are used. Data was collected from year 2017 to 2023 with the help of a drift fence with pitfall traps. The amphibian population is evaluated regarding population size, age structure, sex ratio and migration behaviour. Additionally, biodiversity indices are used for a quantitative and qualitative analysis. As last step, the amphibian population is compared to another amphibian population with similar preconditions, but experiencing less anthropogenic pressure. A high reduction of population size and changes in age and sex composition were found for the assessed amphibian population. Moreover, the migration behaviour alternates over time. The found results strongly indicate that the main cause of the negative development is a high anthropogenic pressure. Further intensive conservation and monitoring actions are needed, to restore the amphibian population and avoid the complete destruction.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Saberi, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Saberi, Sabiha}, title = {Governance of Global Value Chains in the Garment Industry: The Bangladesh Fire and Building Safety Accord}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-18072}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {80}, abstract = {Global Value Chain (GVC) is a process where production takes places in different countries for different stages. Many of the scholars have argued that social upgrading and economic upgrading is connected as a result of Global Value Chain. This paper is built on the concept of Global Value Chain (GVC) in terms of social upgrading. There will be discussion on the fire incident of "Tazreen Fashion" and another consecutive disaster named as "Rana Plaza Tragedy" and the aftermath of International Labor Organization intervention resulted in "The Bangladesh Accord: Fire and Building safety". GVC upgrading framework approach and the link between framework and the Accord helps to understand the governance. The Accord analyzed as GVC upgrading tool and addresses the shortcomings of inspection and transparency issues. The paper aims at explain how much the accord has been conducted using GVC upgrading framework. This paper draws a conclusion by analyzing from publicly available secondary data. This paper tries to answer the progress rate of the investigation using descriptive statistics and testing hypothese. The paper aims to shed a light on it and suggests insight after the expiration of the Accord in 2021.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Pricken, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Pricken, Lennard}, title = {The effect of Covid 19 on Mergers and Acquisitions in Germany in contrast to European Countries.}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-18047}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {67}, abstract = {This paper investigates the impact of the Corona pandemic on M\&A activities considering the variables M\&A volume, M\&A value, GDP, and Covid figures. The aim is to analyze the relationships between the development of the pandemic and M\&A activities in five European countries (Germany, the UK, France, Italy, and Spain). With an introduction to the literature published so far on the topic, an excellent introduction to the situations around Corona and the M\&A market is already offered. The one or other outlooks are already scientifically proven here and have thus also been very for the following analyses and results. In the first step of the research, we analyze M\&A volumes and values in the countries under consideration before and during the pandemic. It can be seen that the number of M\&A transactions increased overall during the pandemic, but transaction values were very fluctuating in comparison. This observation certainly reflects the general uncertainties and economic challenges of the pandemic. The next step is correlating Covid figures, M\&A activity, and GDP. This shows that the pandemic outbreak led to a short-lived decline in M\&A activity, as companies acted more cautiously and held back on transactions due to the uncertainty. However, M\&A activity rose again as the economic situation in the countries stabilized, and companies were better able to respond to the pandemic. In addition, the impact of GDP on M\&A activity is also examined. It can be seen that GDP was affected in all countries due to lockdowns and restrictions on public life. Nevertheless, there was some resilience in the economy as GDP showed an increase in all countries despite the pandemic. The analysis of the correlation between the variables shows that there is a significant relationship between Covid numbers and M\&A activity. The higher the Covid numbers were in a country, the more M\&A activity was affected. This suggests that the development of the pandemic had a significant impact on M\&A activity. Overall, this work shows that the Corona pandemic significantly impacted M\&A activity in Europe. The uncertainty and economic challenges led to a short-lived decline in activity, but the overall number of deals increased. The correlation analysis highlights the links between the pandemic and M\&A activity and underscores the importance of thoroughly examining the variable factors influencing M\&A decisions under Corona conditions.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Puzachenko, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Puzachenko, Georgii}, title = {Unravelling mortality of Perca fluviatilis: Meta-analysis and integration into a physiologically structured population model}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-18017}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {46}, abstract = {Perca fluviatilis is widely distributed food generalist fish across the Europe and Asia (Couture and Pyle, 2015). As a part of the project by Winkelmann et al. (2022), the continuos physiologically structured population model (cPSPM) of P. fluviatilis was established which appeared to have potential points for improvement. In this study, I attempted to modify mortality function of the population model. Hence based on thorough literature research 4 models for mortality estimation mortality as well as the data of life-traits of perch were found. The models include Hoenig-Then (Then et al., 2015), Pauly-Then (Then et al., 2015), Lorenzen (Lorenzen, 2022). and Weibull probability density function as function of weight dependent mortality. The methods were parametrised via arithmetic average of population specific traits and non-parametric least-square method. As a result, the mortality models were compared to each other as well as to the base model. Further on, each mortality model was integrated into cPSPM and stable population was found. At the end only Lorenzen and Weibull models were analysed. As a result of mortality model comparison, it was found that the difference between these models lies mainly in difference of magnitude. Integration of the models into cPSPM showed the potential correlation between the mortality and reproduction. The comparison of simulations results in similarity in population dynamics of our models with experimental data, with main difference in magnitude. Overall results suggest that every model has reason to be applied, and all of them have their own application. In terms of current cPSPM, it would be suggested to consider population dynamics of perch over multiple years period with different mortality method employed for each year to address the issue of variability of population dynamics on yearly basis.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Attallah, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Attallah, Osama Haiyl Attallah}, title = {Education for Sustainable Development: gamification of a concept on nitrate leaching from agricultural soils and identifying conflicts of interest.}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {The consequences of climate change and their potential conflicts of interest concerning their amendment are widely portrayed and represented through education for sustainable development. the amount of information they need to digest to apply themselves. Gamebased Learning through Gamification can serve as a softer alternative to introduce and familiarize learners with, although due to technical limitations, games do not completely replace reliable passive learning methods of learning such as books, lectures, and field practices. The aim of Project Nitratscouts is to develop educational modules concerning Nitrate infiltration from agricultural soils such as the groundwater boardgame, which facilitates learning about nitrate in groundwater, compliance with environmental quality standards, animal husbandry and manure as fertilizer, while also introducing them to agricultural decision-making regarding crop production. The tool offers several ways for playing, enabling players to perceive underlying the issue of Nitrate in groundwater from different perspectives. The tool was tested with 44 participants, in 17 single and 8 competitive game modes. Feedback was collected through survey results, performance evaluation cards, and participants' verbal remarks and comments. The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to test the methods adopted to create the tool, describe feedback observations on collection by evaluating the learning effect about conflicts of interest based on quantitative and qualitative analyses of quantitative survey responses, performance evaluation cards, examine similarities of verbal feedback and cluster it into groups regarding multiple aspects such as relevance of random events, design and acquired perspective on conflict of interest, and discuss lessons from received feedback.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Goette, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {G{\"o}tte, Jacqueline}, title = {Auswirkungen einer m{\"o}glichen {\"U}berlastung im Rettungsdienst auf die Patientenversorgung und die Gesundheit der Besch{\"a}ftigten}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Einen wichtigen Bestandteil unserer Gesellschaft und der notfallmedizinischen Versorgungskette stellt der Rettungsdienst dar. Aktuell leidet er unter den Ver{\"a}nderungen in der Gesellschaft, wodurch die Herausforderungen an den Rettungsdienst stetig zu nehmen. In diesem Fall sind es die steigenden Einsatzzahlen und -zeiten. Diese k{\"o}nnen die Risikofaktoren des Berufes, welche die Mitarbeiter physisch und psychisch belasten k{\"o}nnen, verst{\"a}rken. Daher ist es wichtig herauszufinden, wie {\"u}berlastet der Rettungsdienst tats{\"a}chlich ist und ob sich die Belastung auf die Gesundheit der Rettungskr{\"a}fte auswirkt und somit eine Patientengef{\"a}hrdung entsteht. Ziel dieser Bachelorarbeit ist es, eine {\"U}bersicht der m{\"o}glichen Faktoren, welche die Rettungskr{\"a}fte gesundheitlich belasten und die zu {\"U}berlastungen im Rettungsdienst selbst f{\"u}hren, vorzustellen und diese mit Daten einer durchgef{\"u}hrten Umfrage {\"u}ber die tats{\"a}chliche Lage des Rettungsdienstes zu vergleichen. Daf{\"u}r wird eine umfassende Literaturrecherche zu den Themen Gesundheit der Rettungskr{\"a}fte und gesellschaftlichen Ver{\"a}nderungen durchgef{\"u}hrt. Des Weiteren wird eine Umfrage, welche die Lage des Rettungsdienstes widerspiegelt, erstellt und an Rettungskr{\"a}fte geschickt. Anschließend werden die Ergebnisse aufgef{\"u}hrt, ausgewertet und mit Hilfe der Literaturrecherche untersucht. Die Ergebnisse der Ausarbeitung zeigen deutlich, dass der Rettungsdienst {\"u}berlastet ist. Die {\"U}berlastung wirkt sich nur auf wenige Rettungskr{\"a}fte aus, wodurch weiterhin von einer qualitativ hochwertigen notfallmedizinischen Patientenversorgung ausgegangen werden kann. Eine Voraussetzung daf{\"u}r stellt allerdings die Bereitschaft der Eigenleistung f{\"u}r die Gesundheit der Rettungskr{\"a}fte dar. Wenn keine Ver{\"a}nderungen wie Umstrukturierung des Rettungswesens oder Aufkl{\"a}rung der B{\"u}rger erfolgen, so wird die {\"U}berlastung des Rettungsdienstes zunehmen, wodurch sich die Lage des Rettungsdienstes weiter verschlimmern w{\"u}rde. Es w{\"u}rde zunehmend die Gesundheit der Rettungskr{\"a}fte negativ beeinflussen, wodurch das Risiko einer Patientengef{\"a}hrdung steigt.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Stalnyi, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Stalnyi, Volodymyr}, title = {Controller Design, Implementation, and Comparison on a Ball-on-Wheel Test Rig}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-17933}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {53}, abstract = {This thesis project considers the control of the ball-on-wheel (BOW) system with proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and full-state feedback controllers. The BOW test rig consists of the wheel that is actuated by the electric motor, motor encoder, and laser sensor. The desired outcome is to stabilize the ball around the equilibrium point on top of the wheel. By employing common control design techniques and establishing appropriate Simulink models the controllers for the BOW system were implemented. The dSpace software was used to capture the performance of the controllers, while MATLAB was used for analysis. However, various issues arose during the design and commissioning processes, preventing the state-space controller to achieve the desired outcome. As a result, a performance comparison was conducted based on Simulink models, as the state-space controller design failed to perform adequately on the BOW test rig. These issues were thoroughly explained within the thesis and the implications were summarized in the conclusion.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Zhao, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Zhao, Jingyi}, title = {The Potential of Paulownia tomentosa in Agroforestry Systems - A Literature Review}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Since the late middle of the 20th century, scientists have studied the agroforestry system as a potential land-use management solution to the problem of meeting the needs of a growing global population without jeopardizing efforts to maintain the ecosystem's biodiversity or accelerating the adverse effects of climate change. This thesis introduces insights into the agroforestry system with a foundational understanding of the Chinese native tree, Paulownia tomentosa, commonly known as the Empress tree. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential P. tomentosa that can bring attributes to agroforestry systems covering a literature finding earliest from 1961 to 2023. The observation of the fast-growing and large-shaped leaf has drawn attention to the potential use of biomass of P. tomentosa. Further research findings still need more effort to be considered on the focus of its nitrogen value, intercropping method, optimal yielding requirements, and expansion of cultivated in tropical or foreign habitats.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Jallloh, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Jallloh, Abu Bakarr}, title = {Understanding the Impact of Livestock in Enhancing Food Security, Poverty Reduction, and Wealth Creation in the Moyamba District}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {This thesis research aims to discuss the impact of livestock management in enhancing food security, poverty reduction, and wealth creation in the moyamba district, Rural Sierra Leone. The study contains different chapters under the main research question with analysis. The first section starts with a brief background description of Sierra Leone's Agricultural sector in the context of livestock management and its contributions to the country's economy, poverty, and food security. Followed by the research objective, a semi-systematic literature review is conducted based on livestock management's impact and poverty reduction, lessons learned, and analysis of the significant constraint and opportunities for the sector's growth was presented using a conceptual framework. In chapter three, the writer uses a qualitative methodology to identify the different sections and data used in the thesis through a thematic approach. The results show that livestock management can contribute to the district's food security, poverty reduction, and wealth creation. However, factors such as poor road networks, weak governmental institutions/policies, insufficient funding, and lack of raw materials, among others, are critical issues affecting the development of the industry. On the other hand, traditional/cultural benefits and income generation are the district's main significant uses of livestock. Therefore, addressing these challenges through comprehensive interventions/policies will enable the people of the moyamba community to benefit from livestock and reduce poverty in the long term.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Galeta, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Galeta, Erja Polina}, title = {Medien als politisches Mittel: Propaganda und ihre historische Entwicklung}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-17876}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {67}, abstract = {In der vorliegenden Literaturarbeit wird die Entwicklung von Propaganda anhand des Fortschritts von Massenmedien des 20. Jahrhunderts und der digitalen Wende um 2000 untersucht. Beginnend mit der Beschreibung von B{\"u}chern als Medien wird das letzte Jahrhundert chronologisch bis zum Fernsehen behandelt. Dabei werden historische Ereignisse in Verbindung mit der Verwendung von Propaganda gebracht. Mit Beginn des digitalen Zeitalters verlagert sich der Handlungsraum der Propagandamethoden aus der analogen auf die digitale Welt. Auszeichnend sind die Geschwindigkeit und Erreichbarkeit großer Menschengruppen mithilfe des Netzes. Durch die Demokratisierung des Internets in Form des Mitmach-Webs k{\"o}nnen Nutzende gezielt durch die Verwendung von Algorithmen und von k{\"u}nstlicher Intelligenz gesteuerten Social Bots angeworben werden. Es wird auf die Gefahren von Filterblasen und Echo-Kammern eingegangen, die zu einer Radikalisierung f{\"u}hren k{\"o}nnen. Vorschl{\"a}ge zur Eind{\"a}mmung der Instrumentalisierung von sozialen Netzwerken zu Propagandazwecken durch die Verbreitung von Fake News und Verschw{\"o}rungsnarrativen werden sowohl f{\"u}r Nutzende, Institutionen, der Regierung als auch f{\"u}r Tech-Unternehmen unterbreitet.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Mahachi, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Mahachi, Manfred}, title = {Sustainability of small scale dairy farming as a tool to improve milk production in Zimbabwe}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {In order to ascertain if the sustainability of small scale dairy farming in Zimbabwe can be used as a tool to increase milk production, a small cross sectional survey was carried out among five small scale dairy farmers and five large scale dairy farmers in the Natural Regions I and II of Zimbabwe. The major goal of the survey was to assess the small scale and the large scale dairy farmers level of awareness on sustainability or if at all they employed sustainability practices within their farming systems. The feedback from the survey indicated that small scale farmers either knew little or nothing about sustainability practices. Dairy production is an important aspect of the Zimbabwean economy. It assures that some of the nation's major nutritional requirements are met, farmers are economically empowered, promotes rural development and impacts positively to the gross domestic production. The thesis showed the current level of sustainability obtained at small scale dairy farms, the challenges faced by small scale dairy farmers, as well as multi-stake holder engagement and government role or involvement. Major findings revealed factors that include genetics, animal welfare, feed and feed composition, hazard analysis critical control points and knowledge were key to sustainable dairying with an inclination towards an increase in milk production.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Mezghani, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Mezghani, Mohamed Rami}, title = {A software architecture and reference implementation based on xAPI for a modular, personalized learning platform}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-17718}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {34}, abstract = {Interactive learning platforms which include multiple modules and components require handling learning data and synchronizing progress across the entities. This thesis aims to create a control layer to manage the learning data and depict it on the user interface, as well as a learning path recommendation system to establish a learning path defined by the teacher. The project extends the pre-existing TierschutzErleben platform, utilizing a stateof-the-art specification for learning data, frontend framework, and a video game engine. A main control unit is developed to manage learning data and coordinate elements of the platform. To recommend learning paths, a system is created, and interfaces are established to validate communication. A service is introduced to relay events between components, with events containing instructions for executing appropriate actions on the receiving end. Additionally, a command execution system is implemented to manage these commands. The implementation of a single control layer, composed of the developed services, effectively coordinates data collected from multiple entities. The use of interfaces and the command execution system provides a clear and structured view of events and their corresponding actions.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Gogoi, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Gogoi, Nayan jyoti}, title = {Combined effects of microplastics and heavy metals: implications for soil microbial ecology}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {There is substantial evidence that microplastic pollution and heavy metal contamination pose a significant threat to the health of soils and the functioning of ecosystems. However, little is known about the interactions between heavy metals and microplastics, as well as possible biological effects when the two are combined. It is possible that MPs and heavy metals can interact in soil, causing changes in their environmental behaviour, bioavailability, and potentially toxic properties, further posing ecological risks. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the individual and combined impacts of microplastics and heavy metals on soil chemical properties, microbial biomass, microbial activity, and microbial communities in soil treated with varying concentrations of these pollutants. In an incubation experiment, soil was amended with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and a mixture of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, and Ni) in two concentrations (Low and High). Seven treatments (Control; MP-L; MP-H; HM-L; HM-H; MP+HM-L and MP+HM-H) were analysed in seven replications. The rate of microbial respiration was determined during incubation. Following incubation, soil pH, microbial biomass carbon (C), nitrogen (N), soil fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity, and the abundance of archaea, bacteria, and fungi were measured as well as the effects on inorganic nitrogen (NO3-, NH4+) were determined. It was found that no significant difference existed between the control treatment and LDPE treatment in terms of soil pH, FDAse activity, microbial biomass, microbial respiration, inorganic nitrogen, and abundance of archaea, bacteria, or fungi, regardless of the concentration of LDPE (0.6\%, 1.2\%). Heavy metal treatment did, however, result in a significant decrease in soil pH, NO3, and microbial respiration particularly at high concentrations (2.68 mg kg-1), compared with treatments with LDPE and a control, suggesting that HMs suppressed microbial activity. Additionally, HMs also reduced MBN and MBC, indicating their negative effect on microbial biomass. As a result of the combination of microplastics and heavy metals, microbial biomass, and microbial respiration decreased significantly when compared to either the control treatments or the microplastics alone treatment. Additionally, the combined treatment reduces NO3- and soil pH significantly compared to the control and sole microplastic treatment There was no significant effect observed in any treatment on the abundance of archaea or fungi, indicating that the presence of MP and/or HMs had no impact on their abundance. However, the MP+HM treatment resulted in a reduction in the number of bacteria. Using a two-factor statistical analysis, the effect of two concentrations (low and high) of microplastics and/or heavy metals on these soil parameters was further evaluated. According to these results, the concentrations of added microplastics and/or heavy metals (low and high) had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on any soil parameter except for soil pH (p < 0.05). Overall, the results indicate that the presence of heavy metals, either alone or combined with microplastics, had a detrimental effect on soil ecosystem. However, this study was limited to examining the short-term effects of these pollutants on soil microorganisms and their functioning. Additional research will be necessary to determine the long-term effects of these pollutants.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Tannhaeuser, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Tannh{\"a}user, Tristan}, title = {Methodenentwicklung zur Bestimmung des Serumspiegels und der Stabilit{\"a}t von Bupropion und Hydroxy-Bupropion mittels LCMS Orbitrap im Zuge des therapeutischen Drug Monitorings}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-17690}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {82}, abstract = {Patients undergoing psychiatric treatment are typically treated with a variety of medications, the interactions of which and the resulting impact on the serum concentration levels of the drugs are unpredictable. Such interactions and the occurrence of side effects due to incorrect dosages are also known for the antidepressant bupropion, emphasizing the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring for this medication. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate a method for the determination of serum levels of bupropion and its pharmacologically active major metabolite, hydroxybupropion, using LC-MS. Additionally, due to the low stability of bupropion at room temperature, the influence of this factor on the routine measurements of bupropion patient samples in the laboratory of the LVR-Klinik Viersen pharmacy was also examined. Various bupropion solutions (dissolved in methanol or human albumin) were prepared for measurement. These solutions were analyzed using an LC-MS "Exactive Plus Orbitrap" with a biphenyl column as the stationary phase and various mobile phases differing in polarity to allow for the generation of a gradient. An electron spray ionization (ESI) method and an Orbitrap detector were used for quantifying the sample concentration. The measurement of a 0.1 ng/ml bupropion solution and a 0.5 ng/ml hydroxybupropion solution resulted in a signal-to-noise ratio in the mass spectrum that was well above the required 3:1 ratio for background noise subtraction. As the concentration was already below the required detection limit of 0.2 ng/ml for bupropion and 17 ng/ml for hydroxybupropion, no further steps were taken to determine the actual limit of detection for economic reasons since sufficient sensitivity of the LC-MS method was already demonstrated. The investigations into the recovery rate (WFR) and ion suppression showed that the applied sample preparation (protein precipitation with acetonitrile) did not lead to any relevant loss of content and that no interfering effects from other components of the sample matrix occurred during the measurement. The WFR was determined to be 100 ± 5\% for bupropion and 101 ± 4.8\% for hydroxybupropion. The examination of ion suppression resulted in a content deviation from the target value of 4 ± 0.2\% for bupropion and -9 ± 0.1\% for hydroxybupropion. The linearity of the method was confirmed by measuring a 5-point calibration with a correlation coefficient for the regression line of approximately 0.99 for both analytes. The precision and reproducibility of the method were also confirmed through the evaluation of in-day and day-to-day variation, with a coefficient of variation of <10 for all measurements conducted for both analytes. Thus, a reliable method for the determination of bupropion content using LC-MS was successfully developed and validated. By participating in proficiency testing programs, the method will be further validated and potentially certified in the future.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{FerraresiMoura, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Ferraresi Moura, Rafaela}, title = {How Could a Global Company Communicate and Work Interculturally? Detecting Cultural Patterns of Communication to Successfully Work in a Global Company}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-17563}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {71}, abstract = {This research considers the hidden aspects of culture suggested by Edward T. Hall and Joseph Shaules, when referring to intercultural communication. It uses the cultural dimensions from Erin Meyer, Geert Hofstede, and Richard Lewis to explain cultural misunderstandings between the German and Indian teams of a multinational. It also considers the Expectancy Violations Theory from Judee K. Burgoon to improve communication among dissimilar cultures.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Tahoon, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Tahoon, Mohammad}, title = {Estimating the State of Charge of Lithium-ion Batteries using Deep Learning for Electric Vehicle Applications}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Reliable and safe operation of Li-ion batteries in electric vehicles relies on an accurate estimation of their states, more specifically their state of charge (SOC), which is used for managing charging and discharging, for example. Deep learning is increasingly used for modeling complex systems, which generates more interest in battery state estimation. The theoretical investigation of candidate neural networks for SOC estimation is preceded an experimental approach to evaluate the shortlisted neural networks performance. Publicly available testing datasets representing real driving cycles has been used to train the selected networks, taking into consideration different operating temperatures for the exact cycles. Testing the prediction capability of the models across a realistic range of operating conditions is the driving factor for including testing cycles with a temperature range of [0-40] °C in the training datasets. A demonstration of the full training cycle is conducted, along with the optimization problem of network parameters. This work demonstrates the applicable neural network family used for training this kind of sequential data, followed by the shortlisting of two neural networks based on their performance using literature research. After selecting the networks, finer evaluation criteria is applied, including both their prediction capability and training requirements. The results show that both networks, long short-term memory (LSTM) and gate recurrent units (GRU), offer satisfactory prediction capability with mean absolute error (MAE) of (2.9\%, 2.7\%) respectively, when averaged across the tested temperatures. The GRU network on the other hand had significantly higher resource requirements and a more complex architecture. Finally, a more recent architecture is briefly discussed, borrowing the strength of a parallel application field. The scope of this work is to highlight both the capabilities and cost of training deep learning networks for SOC estimation.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Buesch, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {B{\"u}sch, Ida}, title = {Decades in Deadlock: Analysis of the Intergovernmental Discourse among Middle Eastern States about a Weapons of Mass Destruction-Free Zone in their Region}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-17465}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {80}, abstract = {Despite intense international efforts to make progress regarding the establishment of a Middle Eastern Weapons of Mass Destruction-Free Zone (ME WMDFZ), governments have spent decades in deadlock on the issue. This thesis examined the intergovernmental discourse among Middle Eastern states about the proposed zone by analyzing the prevalent topics and sentiments of Middle Eastern governments in the discourse. The thesis applied a quantitative approach, in which documents from an international context about a ME WMDFZ were analyzed using computational text analysis and interpreted by drawing on models of political discourse analysis. The conducted analysis contributed to close a research gap related to the evolution of the discourse on a ME WMDFZ and explored the application of computational text analysis to political documents.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Kempkens, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Kempkens, Jule}, title = {{\"O}kologische Auswirkungen von Dachbegr{\"u}nungen am Beispiel des Kardinal-von-Galen-Gymnasiums in Kevelaer}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Arbeit hat sich mit drei zentralen Aspekten besch{\"a}ftigt: Planung der Dachbegr{\"u}nung am KvGG, Untersuchung der Abflussmengen von Wasser und die Wahrnehmung der Sch{\"u}ler:innen. Die Abflussmengen wurden anhand einer quantitativen Simulation untersucht. Die Wahrnehmung der Sch{\"u}ler:innen wurde mithilfe einer quantitativen Umfrage analysiert. Es konnten geeignete Pflanzen f{\"u}r Dachbegr{\"u}nungen im Allgemeinen, als auch f{\"u}r das zuk{\"u}nftige Projekt am KvGG bestimmt werden. H1 konnte innerhalb eines Vergleiches der verschiedenen Begr{\"u}nungsarten best{\"a}tigt werden. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus konnten erfolgreich Kennzahlen bez{\"u}glich der Abflussmengen entwickelt werden. Im Rahmen dieses Versuches konnte die Hypothese H2 best{\"a}tigt werden, also dass eine Bepflanzung zu einer erheblichen Verlangsamung des Abflusses von Regen f{\"u}hrt. Durch die Sch{\"u}lerumfrage konnte der Einfluss des Projekts auf die Wahrnehmung der Sch{\"u}ler:innen mit einem leicht negativem Ergebnis untersucht werden, H3 kann also nicht best{\"a}tigt werden. Abschließend l{\"a}sst sich festhalten, dass Dachbegr{\"u}nungen eine wertvolle {\"o}kologische Maßnahme darstellen. Es sind umfangreiche Einfl{\"u}sse auf verschiedene umweltrelevante Bereiche m{\"o}glich. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus eignen sich Dachbegr{\"u}nungen vor allem an Schulen auch aufgrund ihres p{\"a}dagogischen Mehrwerts. Zuk{\"u}nftig werden {\"a}hnliche Projekte hoffentlich in einem steigendem Ausmaße ihren Anteil zum Klimaschutz beitragen.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Steup, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Steup, Maike}, title = {Untersuchung der Pr{\"a}ferenzen der Generationen Z und Y bei der Arbeitgeberwahl unter Betrachtung der Arbeitgeberattraktivit{\"a}t - eine empirische Untersuchung}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-17447}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {70}, abstract = {Das Ziel der vorliegenden Bachelorarbeit ist die Pr{\"a}ferenzen der Generation Z und Y gemessen an der Arbeitgeberattraktivit{\"a}t zu analysieren und entsprechend zu vergleichen. Dazu wurden 93 Studierende in einer quantitativen Onlineumfrage befragt. Die Umfrage basiert auf der Employer Attractiveness Scale von Berthon, Ewing \& Ha aus dem Jahr 2005 sowie auf der Authentic Living Scale von Wood et al. aus dem Jahre 2008. Erg{\"a}nzungen wurden in den Bereichen ethischer Diversit{\"a}t, Unternehmenskultur, Glaubw{\"u}rdigkeit, Authentizit{\"a}t und pers{\"o}nliche Werte vorgenommen. Diese Aspekte sind im Fragebogen von Berthon, Ewing \& Ha im Vergleich mit anderen Arbeitsattraktivit{\"a}tsmodellen, beispielsweise das Treiberfaktorenmodell von Nagel (2011), unterrepr{\"a}sentiert, haben allerdings laut einer umfassenden Literaturrecherche f{\"u}r die jungen Generationen Z und Y an Wichtigkeit zugenommen. Die Ergebnisse liefern einen umfassenden Vergleich zu allgemeinen Aspekten der Pr{\"a}ferenzen beider Generationen an den Arbeitgeber. Die jungen Generationen unterscheiden sich nur leicht voneinander, was aufw{\"a}ndige Anpassungen an HR-Strategien und Praktiken nicht notwendig macht. Die Bachelorarbeit ist f{\"u}r jegliches Unternehmen interessant, das ihre Zielgruppen (Generation Y \& Z) zum Zweck der Rekrutierung besser verstehen m{\"o}chte. Die Ergebnisse k{\"o}nnen in Recruiting- und Employer Branding Maßnahmen adaptiert werden.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Akmal, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Akmal, Ali}, title = {Development and control of G32 smart gas burner system}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Household appliances such as ovens and washing machines are essential in every household, to make it safe for potential users, the machine must be tested under extreme conditions to prove that even in case of malfunction no danger is posed, such tests are carried out after successfully building a system that is stable in essence. This research aims to develop a smart gas burning system built on reliable and secure communication channels bounded with the implemented protocol specifications. A close study of each protocol specifications as well as a bit-by-bit investigation is therefore performed, moreover, a full timing analysis of communicated data is also carried out to ensure validity and integrity of the data transmitted. It was found that logic analysis plays a very important role in constructing data frames that are accurate to the smallest time unit possible, such analysis was not possible using an old model oscilloscope, after successful construction, transmitting a predefined sequence of data successfully initiated the communication channel between all system components. With the implemented safety and security features, the system is safe to use, however, this does not make it ready for end users, this is merely a proof of concept that such system can be made smart. The results show that the microcontroller module implemented is very capable of giving the user the ability to control the system manually with attached knobs and wirelessly through the Access point server.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Fischer, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Fischer, Alexander}, title = {Workplace Health Promotion through Physical Activity Programs Private Economic Return: A Prospective Partial Cost Benefit Analysis for German Firms}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-17375}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {85}, abstract = {Increasing levels of inactivity in contemporary work and lifestyle and the consequent rise in chronic disease have necessitated public health intervention, delivered particularly through the workplace setting. The purpose of this thesis is to provide information on the economic ramifications of such workplace health promotion programs in the field of physical activity to allow for data-based investment decisions of firms. Within a cost-benefit evaluation framework, this thesis identified relevant costs and benefits from practically oriented literature. While most outcomes have been found inconclusive, reductions in absenteeism might be appropriately evidenced and sufficiently tangible to allow quantification. Based on population-attributable risk and insurance data, per employee 0.38-0.58 absence days, or 47.17-71.08€ were estimated to be solely attributable to physical inactivity. Oppositely, cost magnitude depends largely on the interventions' format, cost-effectiveness, and especially the time investment of the participant. Yet, the economic evidence is largely restricted and demands further investigation.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Pramanik, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Pramanik, Lukas}, title = {Digitale Selbstwirksamkeit als Schl{\"u}ssel zur Arbeitszufriedenheit im demographischen Wandel. Der Mediierende Effekt digitaler Selbstwirksamkeit auf die Beziehung zwischen Alter und Arbeitszufriedenheit.}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-17339}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {74}, abstract = {Die kontinuierliche Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt f{\"u}hrt zu immer schnelllebigeren und komplexeren Arbeitsumfeldern, welche auf der effektiven Nutzung von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT) beruhen. Arbeitsfelder transformieren und verdichten sich mit rasanter Geschwindigkeit. Parallel steigt das durchschnittliche Alter der arbeitnehmenden Population und die Arbeitszufriedenheit sinkt. Besonders betroffen sind Erwachsene gehobenen Alters. Da die Arbeitszufriedenheit als starker Pr{\"a}diktor f{\"u}r die physische- und psychische Gesundheit der Arbeitnehmenden wirkt, ist es notwendig zu verstehen, welche Konstrukte auf die Arbeitszufriedenheit wirken. Die vorliegende Studie betrachtet daher die mediierende Wirkung der digitalen Selbstwirksamkeit auf die Beziehung zwischen Alter und Arbeitszufriedenheit. Es wurde eine online-Befragung mit 124 Arbeitnehmenden im Alter von 17-63 Jahren durchgef{\"u}hrt. Es wurde erwartet, dass steigendes Alter in einer negativen Beziehung zu Arbeitszufriedenheit und digitaler Selbstwirksamkeit steht. Zus{\"a}tzlich wurde angenommen, dass digitale Selbstwirksamkeit positiv auf Arbeitszufriedenheit wirkt. Es wurde eine indirekte Mediation, mit einer negativen Wirkung von Alter auf Digitale Selbstwirksamkeit und einer positiven Wirkung von digitaler Selbstwirksamkeit auf Arbeitszufriedenheit identifiziert. Die Wirkung der Geschlechtsidentifikation als St{\"o}rvariable konnte ausgeschlossen werden. Praktische und theoretische Implikationen werden diskutiert.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Stuckmann, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Stuckmann, Sabrina}, title = {In vitro Fleisch als Alternative zu konventionellem Fleisch}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-17287}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {91}, abstract = {Durch die wachsende Weltbev{\"o}lkerung kommt es zu einem steigenden Fleischkonsum, der mit unerw{\"u}nschten Folgen f{\"u}r die Umwelt und die Gesundheit sowie das Wohlergehen der Tiere einhergeht. Durch die konventionelle Fleischproduktion entstehen hohe Treibhausgasmengen sowie ein hoher Wasser- und Landverbrauch. Der Verzehr von verarbeitetem und rotem Fleisch erh{\"o}ht das Krebsrisiko und beg{\"u}nstigt die Entstehung von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen, Diabetes und Bluthochdruck. Bei der Aufzucht der Tiere werden zur Vermeidung von bakteriellen Infektionen Antibiotika eingesetzt, die Auswirkungen auf die menschliche Gesundheit haben k{\"o}nnen. Das Wohlergehen der Tiere ist aufgrund des hohen Stressniveaus durch schlechte Haltungsbedingungen nicht gegeben. Zur Verbesserung der Risiken durch konventionell hergestelltes Fleisch werden Alternativen erforscht. Ziel ist es die sensorischen und geschmacklichen Komponenten des konventionellen Fleisches nachzuahmen und eine Verbesserung der Gesundheit, Umwelt und das Wohlergehen der Tiere zu erzeugen. Neben den auf dem Markt erh{\"a}ltlichen pflanzlichen Fleischprodukten, deren Sensorik noch nicht ausgereift ist, befasst sich die Forschung mit der Entwicklung von in vitro Fleisch sowie Fleisch aus dem 3D-Drucker. Die Herstellung von in vitro Fleisch nach dem Tissue Engineering Verfahren entstammt der Stammzellenforschung und Gewebez{\"u}chtung. Stammzellen eines Tieres werden entnommen und mithilfe eines N{\"a}hrmediums, einem Ger{\"u}st und einem Bioreaktor zu Geweben kultiviert, die dem konventionellem Fleisch {\"a}hneln. Durch das Hinzuf{\"u}gen von Komponenten wie z.B. Vitamine oder gesunde Fette kann die Sensorik und der Geschmack des in vitro Fleisches verbessert werden. Der Verbrauch von Land und die Umweltbelastung durch Treibhausgase sind geringer als bei der konventionellen Fleischherstellung. Dennoch stellen sich bei der in vitro Fleischproduktion noch offene Herausforderungen in Bezug auf die Umwelt, Gesundheit und Sensorik. Damit in vitro Fleisch auf dem Markt zugelassen werden kann, muss die Sicherheit des Produktes gew{\"a}hrleistet sein. Die Verbraucherakzeptanz ist eingeschr{\"a}nkt, da wenig Informationen und Studien zu den Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt und Gesundheit vorliegen, die auf bewiesenen Ergebnissen beruhen. Weitere Forschungen sind n{\"o}tig, um die Akzeptanz zu erh{\"o}hen und die H{\"u}rden zu {\"u}berwinden. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber den aktuellen Forschungsstand von in vitro Fleisch als Alternative zu konventionellem Fleisch geben.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Erkan, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Erkan, Meri}, title = {The Role of Marketing Automation in Customer Buying Behavior during the Covid-19 Pandemic}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-17237}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {125}, abstract = {The aim of this thesis is to explore the importance of marketing automation in the customers' buying behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic. Since the pandemic has forced companies to reach out to their customers through digital platforms, the marketing strategies had to be adapted. A mixed method approach is used in this thesis, combining primary sources and data from a empirical study from an online survey, to answer the research question and test four hypothesis that are related to the impact of marketing automation on the customer behavior. The study found out that while there was an increase in personalized advertisements on social media, it is unclear how much customers were influenced. However, the thesis shows that marketing automation can be an effective to for improving the relationship between customers and companies. Furthermore, social media has become very importance for the customers' purchasing decisions. The findings help to understand the role of marketing automation in the pandemic and provides insights for companies to help adapting their marketing strategies in the future. Future research could explore insights from companies and suggest improved marketing strategies to reach out to potential customers more effectively.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Jeory, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Jeory, Dylan Nathaneal}, title = {PRODUCTION OF IMPROVED OIL PALM BY-PRODUCT (OIL PALM FROND) AS ANIMAL FEED THROUGH SOLID STATE FERMENTATION WITH PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-17118}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {49}, abstract = {The increasing development and production of oil palm plantation in South-East Asian's countries has led to the production of large quantities of biomass by-products. These by-products however are mostly fibrous in nature and they can hardly be valuable to be used as animal feed. Oil palm frond (OPF) is one of the oil palm's by-product which are widely available, yet the utilization is hindered due to its high fibre content. In this study, the oil palm fronds, specifically the petiole part of it will be improved to be used as animal feed using solid state fermentation technique at the Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture (FSA) in Sandakan, Sabah by using Pleurotus ostreatus. The study was carried out to produce 30kg of treated OPF and to see if solid state fermentation technique using the mentioned fungus has the effect on the OPF. Cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus that are ready for inoculation was obtained from FSA fungus collection. It was then inoculated at the FSA general laboratory. For the OPF, they were collected from the oil palm farm in Telupid and they were ground into smaller and fine particles. 650 g of ground OPF was then be filled in the mushroom bag. For each mushroom bag, it was inoculated with one plate of Pleurotus ostreatus, and then all the samples were kept in the Mushroom House for fermentation. Samples were harvested after eight weeks. Dry matter, moisture content, organic matter and ash content of OPF, before and after fermentation were then evaluated in the lab. Dry matter and organic matter of treated OPF were found out to be decreasing while its moisture content and ash content were increasing. Solid state fermentation did take place on the OPF and 30 kg of treated OPF with Pleurotus ostreatus was managed to be produced.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Bayrak, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Bayrak, Onur}, title = {Monetary policy and its impact on exchange rates and foreign trade in T{\"u}rkiye within the last decade}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-17090}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {62}, abstract = {After having overcome the effects of the Global Financial Crisis quickly, the price stability in T{\"u}rkiye has deteriorated. In line with an expansionary course, the value of the Turkish lira depreciated and price levels started rising. Therefore, this paper will focus on the impact of monetary policy on exchange rates and foreign trade in T{\"u}rkiye since 2012. For this purpose, the Mundell-Fleming model is introduced, which is a short-run macroeconomic model that assesses the effects of fiscal and monetary policies under different exchange rate regimes. Aggregated macro data on different indicators, which are representing key variables, is analyzed by using descriptive analysis. The empirical results were interpreted and discussed in line with the underlying model. The main findings of the paper suggest that Turkish monetary policy had a negative impact on exchange rates and thus on trade, especially since 2017 after the change of governmental system.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Ruemmele, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {R{\"u}mmele, Yvonne}, title = {Advantages and disadvantages of mulching in market garden systems}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-17025}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {54}, abstract = {The need for sustainable and resilient food production is constantly increasing. Methods such as cover cropping, the use of mulches and non- or minimal tillage are recommended in large-scale agriculture, yet are not typically found in standard versions of market gardening, as developed by J.M. Fortier. In order to redesign the market gardening system towards more sustainability, the advantages and disadvantages of mulching, possible allelopathic effects from cover crops and mulches, and a possible on-site production of transfer and insitu mulch, were investigated. For this purpose, a literature review was carried out and afterwards a market garden rotation including cover crops was designed. The review results suggested that positive (crop-promoting) as well as negative (crop- and weed-reducing) allelopathy from cover crops exist and are includable into the system as a form of integrated weed management system. It was found that the advantages of mulching outweigh the disadvantages and that it is possible to redesign the market garden system towards more sustainability.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Gooren, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Gooren, Lutz}, title = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz in einer Geodateninfrastruktur}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-17005}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {63}, abstract = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz in Form von neuronalen Netzen wird in der {\"o}ffentlichen Verwaltung bislang wenig eingesetzt. Im Zuge der Digitalisierung im Bereich der {\"o}ffentlichen Verwaltung m{\"u}ssen bestehende Datens{\"a}tze, welche nicht- oder schwer maschinenlesbar sind, {\"u}ber offene Schnittstellen und Datenstandards bereitgestellt werden. Sch{\"a}tzungsweise 80 \% der erfassten Daten sind in der {\"o}ffentlichen Verwaltung nicht- oder schwer maschinenlesbar. In dieser Arbeit soll gepr{\"u}ft werden, ob ein k{\"u}nstliches neuronales Netz, welches auf der ImageNet Datenbank basiert und durch weitere Beispiele trainiert worden ist, bestehende (nicht-maschinenlesbare) Datens{\"a}tze in Tabellenform aus dem Bereich der Geoinformatik erkennen und in einer passenden Datei mit offenem Datenstandard (teil-)automatisiert speichern kann, um diese f{\"u}r den Einsatz in einer offenen urbanen Datenplattform vorzubereiten. Zudem werden Optimierungsvorschl{\"a}ge f{\"u}r eine Verbesserung des neuronalen Netzes genannt und umgesetzt. Im Laufe der Arbeit ergibt sich, dass das trainierte Modell f{\"u}r den praktischen Einsatz nicht ausreichend genau funktioniert, aber eine gute Basis f{\"u}r weitere Optimierungen liefert, etwa durch eine Vergr{\"o}ßerung des Trainingsdatensatzes, welche die Anforderung einer Steigerung der Rechenleistung voraussetzt.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Furre, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Furre, Liban}, title = {Somaliland Livestock Export: Understanding Reasons Behind Recurring Export Embargoes}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Somaliland heavily relies economically and socially on livestock export to Arabian countries, mainly Saudi Arabia. The livestock sector has, in recent years, experienced many challenges, including export bans imposed by importing states. This thesis study aims, therefore, to investigate and understand the reasons behind the recurring livestock export bans in Somaliland's livestock sector. It deployed a Literature review as a research approach and found that the main reason for the bans is animal health problems, particularly Rift Valley Fever outbreaks in the Horn of Africa. Absent institutional regulations and frequent droughts add more pressure on the top.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Sattler, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Sattler, Viviane Ellena}, title = {Narzissmus im organisationalen Kontext - Die Bedeutung von Narzissmus und Emotionsregulation im F{\"u}hrungsprozess}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-16949}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {105}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Bedeutung von Narzissmus und Emotionsregulation im F{\"u}hrungsprozess. Dabei wurden die Hypothesen H1: Personen, welche im privaten Sektor arbeiten, haben eine h{\"o}here Auspr{\"a}gung des Narzissmus als Personen, welche im {\"o}ffentlichen Sektor t{\"a}tig sind, H2: F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}fte haben eine h{\"o}here narzisstische Auspr{\"a}gung als Mitarbeitende und H3: Je h{\"o}her die Auspr{\"a}gung des Narzissmus von F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}ften, desto h{\"o}her die Emotionsregulation, {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft. Die Ergebnisse, welche durch eine Stichprobe von 178 Teilnehmenden, davon 138 Mitarbeitende und 40 F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}fte erreicht wurden, zeigten, dass Personen im privaten Sektor eine h{\"o}here narzisstische Auspr{\"a}gung als Personen im {\"o}ffentlichen Sektor haben und F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}fte eine durchschnittlich h{\"o}here narzisstische Auspr{\"a}gung als Mitarbeitende aufweisen. Sowohl Hypothese eins als auch Hypothese zwei wurden somit best{\"a}tigt. Die Berechnungen zeigten ebenfalls, dass es keinen signifikanten Zusammenhang zwischen der Emotionsregulation von F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}ften und der narzisstischen Auspr{\"a}gung gibt, weshalb die dritte Hypothese verworfen wurde.}, language = {de} }