@misc{ParayilSivan2026, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Parayil Sivan, Kavya}, title = {Design and Evaluation of a Mobile Application to Support Autistic Passengers in Air Travel. From Identifying User Needs to Assessing its Effectiveness in Reducing Anxiety and Enhancing Travel Preparedness}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-23492}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {88}, year = {2026}, abstract = {Air travel can present significant accessibility barriers for autistic travellers. This study examined the needs, requirements, and challenges experienced by level 1 and level 2 autistic travellers during air travel and evaluated the effectiveness of a user-centred mobile application in reducing anxiety, improving their travel preparedness, and creating a more predictable air travel experience. A mixed-methods approach was employed for the study. In the beginning, an online survey with 35 participants (21 autistic individuals and 14 support persons) was conducted to understand the need, requirement and challenges of the autistic participants. Findings from the survey showed generally low satisfaction among autistic travellers who has prior air travel experience. The major challenges were related to unpredictability, sensory overstimulation, complex airport procedures, difficulty finding sensory-friendly spaces, and in-flight discomforts. Based on the insights from the survey, a high-fidelity mobile application prototype was designed to work across different airlines and airports providing real-time flight updates, airport and airline specific accessibility information, navigation support, communication cards, and travel checklists. The prototype was then evaluated with 5 autistic participants through a moderated remote usability test followed by a post-test interview and questionnaire. The results showed that features such as real-time flight updates, travel checklists, navigation support, and accessibility information were effective and perceived as helpful in reducing anxiety and increasing preparedness but some discoverability issues were identified in the prototype showing the need to iterate it. Overall, the findings suggest that the application is functionally effective and usable but only partially effective in improving overall travel experience as external environmental factors like airport procedures, in-flight discomforts are beyond the scope of the application. The study also highlights that a thoughtfully designed mobile application can partially support autistic travellers by improving the predictability and helping them prepare for the journey. This study contributes to the growing research on accessibility for autistic individuals by examining air travel challenges and evaluating a user-centred mobile application.}, language = {en} } @misc{Hossain2025, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Hossain, Md Istiaque}, title = {A Computational Study on the Effect of Water-to-Air Volume Ratio on Water Rocket Performance.}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-23248}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {79}, year = {2025}, abstract = {This thesis presents a three-dimensional computational investigation into the influence of the water-to-air volume ratio on the flight performance of a water rocket. As a critical design parameter, this ratio fundamentally governs the trade-off between available propellant mass and expansion energy, and thereby dictates the rocket's achievable altitude and range. A comprehensive numerical model is developed to simulate the complete trajectory through its three principal phases: water expulsion, compressed-air expansion, and ballistic flight. The governing equations, derived from the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy, are solved using a fourth-order Runge-Kutta (RK4) scheme. The model incorporates variable mass effects, aerodynamic drag, gravitational forces, launch geometry, and ambient wind conditions. Implemented in MATLAB with a modular graphical user interface (GUI), the simulation framework facilitates systematic parametric studies. The numerical predictions are validated against experimental launch tests conducted at elevation angles of 60° and 77°. Maximum altitude and horizontal range are extracted from multi-camera recordings using image-based analysis. The results demonstrate strong agreement, with both approaches converging on an optimal water fill fraction. The simulation identifies an optimum of approximately 43\%, while the experimental measurements indicate a slightly higher optimum of 45.5\%. Considering the collective evidence, an overall optimal fill range of 40 to 50\% for 250 mL water rocket bottle, is established. The consistency between computational and experimental findings validates the robustness of the proposed model and confirms the identified optimum as a reliable benchmark for water rocket performance.}, language = {en} } @misc{BedoyaGiraldo2025, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Bedoya Giraldo, Leidy Johanna}, title = {Farmer Experiences and Responses to Agroforestry Interventions in San Mart{\´i}n, Peru: Exploring Social Group Perspectives Including Women's Voices Across Social Groups}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Smallholder agroforestry systems are central to sustainable land-use transitions in the Peruvian Amazon, yet little is known about how farmers themselves perceive these systems or how such perceptions shape long-term management. This study examines how indigenous, non-indigenous, and female smallholder farmers in San Mart{\´i}n, Peru, perceive the benefits and challenges of agroforestry interventions and how these perceptions influence system maintenance, adaptation, and sustainability. The research is guided by the question: How do farmers in San Mart{\´i}n perceive the benefits and challenges of agroforestry interventions, and how do these perceptions shape their adaptive decisions over time? Using a qualitative, comparative case-study design, data was collected through 50 semi-structured interviews and three participatory focus group discussions. The Group Concept Mapping methodological approach used enabled farmers to identify, cluster, and prioritize benefits, challenges, and adaptations using their own categories and reasoning. Findings reveal two main pathways shaping agroforestry trajectories. A maintenance pathway emerges when farmers perceive tangible ecological and labor-related benefits, such as soil improvement, reduced weeding, and microclimate regulation, particularly when market and legality conditions allow value to be captured. An adaptation pathway is triggered when challenges, such as excessive shade, crop-tree competition, legality barriers, or uncertain markets, are perceived as immediate constraints, prompting pruning, thinning, or removal of timber species. These pathways are influenced by organizational support, training access, gendered participation, and tenure conditions. The study highlights the need for long-term technical support, participatory system design, gender-inclusive training, and stronger institutional support for timber legality. The insights are intended to contribute to the development of the SMART platform, offering evidence to strengthen future agroforestry interventions in San Mart{\´i}n.}, language = {en} } @misc{Saw2025, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Saw, Daniel Chern Hao}, title = {Implementation of Bayesian Optimisation for FEM Simulation}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-23092}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {74}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Optimisation of engineering problem involving FEM simulations is time consuming especially when dealing with high-fidelity structures. The conventional methods of searching and exploring the design space such as grid search or golden section search require a lot of evaluations before converging on an optimal solution. When there is a time constraint, the final solution found could be suboptimal due to the vast amount of FEM simulation necessary to converge. Therefore, with the utilisation of probabilistic surrogate models such as Gaussian process regression to reduce the amount of computation necessary. Surrogate models approximate unobserved areas in the design space based on the observed data. Together with the use of acquisition function to select the next observation point, it forms this optimisation method known as Bayesian optimisation. This research aims to implement Bayesian optimisation method in a few test cases involving FEM simulation to compare its performance against conventional methods. The results from the test cases showed that Bayesian optimisation converged up to 12 iterations faster compared to convention-al optimisation methods. It also provided a better optimised solution in a multiparameter optimi-sation problem with constraints.}, language = {en} } @misc{Ahmed2025, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Ahmed, Syed Nasif Uddin}, title = {Designing a Launching System for a Robotic Boat}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Based on the learning in this degree program, the author was tasked with developing a transport system for the current research boat, called Roboboat. The aim was to examine the components and reverse engineer them to calculate the mechanics of the boat. Because no design or measurement data were available, this thesis began by modeling the boat. After modeling, a literature review was conducted, and a launch system was designed with a focus on utility and cost-effectiveness. This report presents the design process, calculates the stress and strain on the design elements, and presents the concept of a launch system. Finally, the stability of the boat is calculated, and the mathematical validation of Roboboat is presented.}, language = {en} } @misc{Aziz2025, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Aziz, Sk Tarik}, title = {The Impact of Employee Job Satisfaction on Organization's Long-Term Performance}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-23053}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {266}, year = {2025}, abstract = {The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of employee job satisfaction on organizational long-term performance and focus on the key factors that increase satisfaction among employees. Previous research has mostly focused on short-term organizational outcomes, and there is limited evidence about the factors that enhance job satisfaction and ensure long-term performance of an organization. To fill this gap, qualitative research was conducted, and data was collected through semi-structured interviews, and the data was analyzed using MAXQDA software. The findings represent some of the factors that significantly increase job satisfaction, such as positive and supportive work environment, flexibility and autonomy at work, career growth and continuous learning opportunities, and fair compensation with meaningful recognition. The participants repeatedly highlighted these factors as a source of enhancing motivation, dedication, commitment, and employee performance. The study suggests that when organizations actively follow and implement these factors, it is more likely to increase employee satisfaction and satisfied employees improve productivity, achieve organizational goals, and increase a higher level of dedication, which ensures organizational long-term performance.}, language = {en} } @misc{Biehn2025, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Biehn, Joshua}, title = {Design and Validation of a Bio-Inspired Tendon-Driven Continuum Manipulator}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-22928}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {77}, year = {2025}, abstract = {This thesis develops bio-inspired, multi-segment tendon-driven continuum manipulator through a structured, iterative design process. Combining piecewise constant-curvature modeling, for design validation, with hybrid soft-rigid joint fabrication, three prototypes explore trade-offs among anatomical scale, actuation efficiency, and structural compliance. Novel, internal, soft-rigid components, buckling-mitigation features and internally routed tendons are integrated and evaluated under a common experimental frame work. Demonstrations include single-finger grasps and coordinated bimanual object handling, confirming the manipulator's viability for humanoid end-effector tasks. The final design produced a tip-load of ≈ 17N for a pinching grasp and ≈ 12N in a power grasp, with 4 degrees of freedom and a maximum bending angle of 209°. Future work will focus on closed-loop control, dynamic interaction testing, and scaling to multi-digit hands.}, language = {en} } @misc{Afzal2025, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Afzal, Umair}, title = {AI-Driven Comic Generation: Exploring the Creative Potential of Generative AI in Digital Storytelling}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-22581}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {111}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Creative sectors have accepted AI into their industry for establishing modern methods of generating digital content. This study introduces a novel AI-based framework based on AI technology, using GANs along with Stable Diffusion models to automate comic development. This study looks at juxtaposing narrative outlining through text with automated visual generation toward an integrated system that produces adaptable comic panels with appropriate visual structure. The research methodology that the project has followed can be built on three cornerstones: advanced GAN schemes for text generation and pre-processing, followed by image synthesis through Stable Diffusion. A specially developed algorithm for speech bubbles determined the optimal placement of that text, so it would function well and maintain a semblance of beauty. By iteratively refining and tuning the model, this system was evaluated. Initial observations regarding visual coherence and narrative alignment were hopeful, but further tests using quantitative metrics-for instance, FID for images and BLEU for text, as well as broader user feedback-would be needed to validate the efficacy of the model entirely. The impediments were, however, GAN mode collapse, irregular speech-bubble layout, and inconsistent artistic styles. Further research would uncover the potential role of AI systems in easing the comic generation process for creators, educators, and designers of digital content to enhance accessibility and efficiency. This method shows promising applicability in various domains like automated narratives, customizable comics, and educational material. Further along the way, the scientists plan to improve panel storytelling, create an intuitive interface, and expand the dataset to include more artistic styles. Such enhancements could maximize the gain from automated comic conception.}, language = {en} } @misc{Malani, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Malani, Ajaykumar}, title = {Development of a Key Performance Indicator Based Method for the Evaluation of Scan Strategies}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-22414}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {76}, abstract = {In the Laser powder bed fusion of metal, the laser beam melts and fuse the powder material to produce the part layer by layer. The scan strategy, which defines the pattern in which the laser moves on the powder bed, affects the mechanical properties, residual stress and quality of the parts. There are many scanning strategies and it is difficult to select the appropriate scanning strategy based on the required quality of the parts. In this thesis, key performance indicators related to scanning strategy are developed, based upon the literature, which can influence the quality of the parts like high density and low surface roughness. The developed KPI is used to evaluate the scanning strategy of printed parts and their results on surface roughness and density. The developed KPIs are integrated into custom software to collect the data for evaluation of scanning strategy. The correlation analysis is also performed to understand the relation between developed KPI and quality of the parts (surface roughness and density). The results shows that developed method can be used for evaluation of the scanning strategy but it needs to be further improved to get more accurate results.}, language = {en} } @misc{Siddireddy2025, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Siddireddy, Pradeep Chand}, title = {Energy-Efficient Design of Filament Spooling Machines for Sustainable 3D Printing Workflows.}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-22408}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {73}, year = {2025}, abstract = {The Thesis encompasses a comprehensive design framework, incorporating detailed calculations for motor selection, tensioning system design, and guide mechanism optimization. The design prioritizes energy efficiency through the implementation of high-efficiency motors, optimized control algorithms, and energy-saving features.}, language = {en} } @misc{Ghosh2025, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Ghosh, Anup Kumar}, title = {Analyzing individual chickens' life data to predict egg and growth performance}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, year = {2025}, abstract = {The 2022 ban on killing male chicks, implemented in Germany and France, tackled ethical problems within egg-laying hen farming. Because of this policy, alternative poultry production methods were created to better meet animal welfare guidelines. To meet this challenge, the University of Bonn launched research into dual-purpose chickens, specifically the British Ixworth breed. Integrating male and female chicken farming offers a new, innovative solution to ethical and sustainability issues in traditional farming by combining egg and meat production. The importance of this research for revolutionizing poultry farming cannot be overstated (Becker et al., 2023). A University of Bonn research team is studying this alternative farming method to determine its productivity and viability. To meet industry needs while prioritizing animal welfare, they evaluate dual-purpose chicken potential by analysing egg (number and weight) and meat (weight) yields. This thesis has four sections, exploring different facets of dual-purpose chickens across four generations via diverse statistical and machine learning methods. First, it examines existing research on various facets of analysing and forecasting individual chicken egg and growth data. It further explores Becker et al.'s 2023 study, "The British Ixworth: individual growth and egg production of a purebred dual-purpose chicken." Moreover, the linear regression, SVR, KNN, and decision tree models were applied to this data for advanced analysis and prediction. The thesis's second part details the methodology, including requirements analysis and dataset preparation. This thesis's third section details how data from four generations of chicken life were analysed to predict future egg production and individual chicken growth. Across generations, individual chickens' average body weight and egg weight all showed an increase in the results. Predictions from linear regression and decision tree models show an increase in individual chickens' growth across generations to come. Egg production forecasts were better with the KNN model. This research will use advanced statistical methods and machine learning to model and assess the generational performance of dual-purpose chickens. These tools will forecast future egg and meat production, thus giving key insights to enhance breeding programs. This research aims to optimize dual-purpose chicken production for growth and egg-laying performance. The researchers eagerly anticipate the results, which will help to shape their future poultry farming projects.}, language = {en} } @misc{Malani2025, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Malani, Ajaykumar Jayasukhbhai}, title = {Development of a Key Performance Indicator Based Method for the Evaluation of Scan Strategies}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-22293}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {76}, year = {2025}, abstract = {In the Laser powder bed fusion of metal, the laser beam melts and fuse the powder material to produce the part layer by layer. The scan strategy, which defines the pattern in which the laser moves on the powder bed, affects the mechanical properties, residual stress and quality of the parts. There are many scanning strategies and it is difficult to select the appropriate scanning strategy based on the required quality of the parts. In this thesis, key performance indicators related to scanning strategy are developed, based upon the literature, which can influence the quality of the parts like high density and low surface roughness. The developed KPI is used to evaluate the scanning strategy of printed parts and their results on surface roughness and density. The developed KPIs are integrated into custom software to collect the data for evaluation of scanning strategy. The correlation analysis is also performed to understand the relation between developed KPI and quality of the parts (surface roughness and density). The results shows that developed method can be used for evaluation of the scanning strategy but it needs to be further improved to get more accurate results.}, language = {en} } @misc{Regmi, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Regmi, Khem Raj}, title = {Interactive Visualisation Tool for Teaching Environmental Data: A Guideline of how to set up the tool taking user feedback into account}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-21594}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {77}, abstract = {This thesis will study the creation of an interactive data visualization tool for environmental dataset that concentrates specifically on Nitrate concentrations in groundwater. This project is intended to create a tool for exploratory/experiential learning - one that allows learners to investigate regional data and pursue genuine learning opportunities. The plan is to use regional data in a specific user journey to create this interactive learning experience. The project uses open environmental data: Hygris dataset of LANUV(Landesamt f{\"u}r Natur, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz) related to the regions Kleve and Wesel in Germany, and realizes this with help of python programming language and python streamlit framework, web development tools and data visualization libraries (pandas , plotly.express, streamlite.components.v1). This study explores tailored visualization strategies that address key challenges such as the inherent complexity of environmental datasets and the need for more engaging and comprehensible educational tools. These strategies include deploying interactive visualizations that allow hands-on data exploration, and temporal visualizations. The role of user feedback in refining educational tools for teaching environmental data is examined, particularly in designing effective visualization techniques like line char, bar chart, bubble chart, pie chart, scatter plot and intensity graph for representing groundwater nitrate concentrations. The impact of different visualization techniques on the understanding and interpretation of open environmental data among educators and students is analyzed, with an emphasis on the spatial distribution of groundwater nitrate concentrations over time. This approach aims to increase user engagement and deepen understanding of environmental data, facilitating a more profound embedding of information within learners' cognitive processes.}, language = {en} } @misc{Torabizadeh2025, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Torabizadeh, Mohammad}, title = {Evaluating Tool Support for User-Centric Requirements Engineering in Software Development: A Jira-Based Approach}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {30}, year = {2025}, abstract = {User requirements are important for a successful software development process, yet their effective integration throughout the development lifecycle remains challenging. This study evaluates requirements engineering (RE) tools and addresses the gap in the requirements engineering process and the systematic integration of user requirements into development processes. After literature review and expert evaluations, a framework was established for the evaluation of RE tools across key dimensions. This evaluation revealed significant limitations in requirements management and analysis capabilities. A Jira-based prototype was developed using Atlassian Forge, consisting of an Issue Panel for requirement-to-issue linkage and a Global Page for the rest of the requirement engineering process, with its main goal being to integrate user requirements in the software development lifecycle. Testing with 16 participants proved high satisfaction (mean of 4.382/5) and effectiveness in integrating requirements into development workflows (mean of 4.438/5). The study also provides areas for future improvements, useful for the future work to be done in the field.}, language = {en} } @misc{Muthyapaga2025, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Muthyapaga, Sujit Kumar}, title = {Enhancing Plastic Degradation in Anaerobic Environments Using Biodigesters and qualitative quantitative analysis of biogas.}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Plastic pollution has been one of the significant challenges worldwide. We must develop innovations and recycling technologies with millions of tons of plastic produced annuallyThe amount of plastic waste in landfills, seas, and ecosystems has been seriously degrading the environment. New innovative ideas for reducing plastic waste, such as biodigesters and composting methods, are being utilized worldwide. This research examines options such as anaerobic biodigesters and composting techniques to improve plastic breakdown in controlled atmosphere conditions. In anaerobic digestion, digestion happens with the help of microbial organisms as they help break down the organic materials without oxygen and break down the plastics, simultaneously generating renewable energy resources. This research evaluates polymers developed through a blown film extrusion process at different temperatures, such as Polylactic Acid (PLA), Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate (PBAT), Polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxy hexanoate(PHBH), Bioplast GF 106, and Ecovio, under anaerobic conditions. The degradation results of polymers after a specific period were analyzed based on their mechanical and chemical properties. The research aimed to assess the rates and effectiveness of plastic decomposition in biodigesters compared to conventional degradation methods while also exploring the viability and scalability of biodigesters for managing plastic waste. This research provides information on the degradation of polymers under anaerobic conditions and how the temperature produced affects their degradation, along with methane production. This information could inform future strategies and regulations focused on decreasing plastic pollution and improving sustainability.}, language = {en} } @misc{SarmientoGonzalez2025, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Sarmiento Gonzalez, Maria Angelica}, title = {Sustainable commercialization of Baru in the Cerrado: mapping its Value Chain for rural livelihood enhancement}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Land-use transformation and insufficiently protected areas have led to extensive deforestation and conversion of native vegetation for croplands and pastures in the Cerrado, Brazil's second-largest ecosystem and one of the world's biggest biodiversity hotspots. The sustainable harvesting and commercialization of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) offer a potential alternative, contributing to sustainable development by enhancing rural livelihoods, promoting environmental conservation, fostering economic diversification, empowering vulnerable socio-economic groups, and encouraging sustainable resource management. Among Cerrado's promising NTFPs is the Baru nut (Dipteryx alata), a nutrient-dense product rich in protein, fiber, zinc, and healthy oils, with potential therapeutic applications for various health issues. Its unique composition and versatility present an opportunity for sustainable commercialization that enhances rural livelihoods while promoting health benefits. Incorporating Baru-related products into local, national, and international markets could diversify economic opportunities while maintaining environmentally sustainable practices in both production and commercialization. Despite its potential, research on Baru remains scarce, creating a knowledge gap in the dynamics and challenges of its value chain. This study addresses this gap by employing a mixed-methods approach to evaluate the financial performance of each stage of the Baru value chain and identify existing challenges and market opportunities. Focused on Arinos, Minas Gerais, the research incorporates 29 interviews with local value chain actors, 14 supplementary interviews with institutional stakeholders, and secondary data analysis. The findings reveal a fragmented and predominantly informal value chain at the local level, faced with challenges such as physically intensive work, unreliable demand, power imbalances, low-profit margins, and limited institutional support. This research proposes strategies to foster collaboration, equity, transparency, and sustainable development of Baru's value chain and contributes to a deeper understanding of this NTFP.}, language = {en} } @misc{Yarram2025, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Yarram, Sunnyvijay}, title = {Investigation of Anaerobic Digestion of Selected Bioplastics in Pilot-Scale Biodigesters}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-21673}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {102}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Concerns have been raised about the end-of-life management of bioplastics as their demand increasing as a sustainable alternative to conventional plastics. The fate of bioplastic waste, especially packaging waste, remains largely unexplored in existing waste management systems. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is considered as a viable end-of-life option for bioplastics, however, current research has been primarily limited to lab-scale studies. This study investigated the anaerobic digestion of film samples made from Bioplast 106, PBAT, PLA and Ecovio (PLA/PBAT blend) under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions in pilot-scale biodigesters. The results of 90-day thermophilic AD demonstrated that PLA and Ecovio exhibited significant biodegradation of 36\% and 50\% by dry mass loss, respectively, while Bioplast 106 exhibited moderate biodegradation of 22.22\%. The collective methane yield from these three bioplastics was 322.86 mL CH4/g VS, indicating their potential for biogas production. SEM and FT-IR analyses confirmed structural degradation of Bioplast 106, PLA, and Ecovio, while no degradation was observed for PBAT. PBAT showed high resistance to AD in pure and blended form (Bioplast 106, Ecovio). Bioplast 106 exhibited diverse degradation patterns, influenced by feedstock type, digester temperature, and processing conditions. This study might serves as valuable reference for assessing the anaerobic biodegradability of Bioplast 106 in pilot-scale biodigesters. This study further highlights the necessity of optimization of pilot-scale AD conditions to enhance the anaerobic biodegradability of slow-degrading bioplastics.}, language = {en} } @misc{Pozdnyakova2025, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Pozdnyakova, Olga}, title = {Exploring the Impact of Ecolabel Elements on Consumer Product Perception and Purchase Intention}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Ecolabelling is a tool that aims to engage consumers in making more sustainable choices, by communicating the environmental characteristics of a product. Previous studies have emphasized the significant impact of design and ecolabel elements in capturing consumers' attention and influencing their preferences. However, only a limited number of studies have explored the effect of individual ecolabel elements and their orchestration in regard to visual attention and consumers perception, particularly in the context of textile products. The aim of the present study was to provide new insights into effective ecolabel design practices by investigating the influence of color, visual symbol, and text on consumers' visual attention, environmental product perception and purchase intention. The current study employed a mixed method approach, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. The integrated methods included a review of existing ecolabels in the textile industry, an eye tracking experiment with sixteen custom-designed ecolabels, questionnaires, interviews, and a card sorting task. Visual attention was measured with the eye tracking, while other methods were employed to deepen the understanding of consumers' perception and reasoning behind their decision-making. The results of the study revealed that the green ecolabels with natural symbols, such as Cotton and Leaf, received the highest environmental friendliness and purchase intention ratings, with the green Cotton ecolabel demonstrating the highest rate of visual attention engagement. In contrast, blue ecolabels were perceived as less environmentally friendly, particularly those with the visual symbols unrelated to nature. In addition, precise environmental claims with numerical data, such as "90\% Organic cotton", in combination with a website link, had a positive impact on trust and environmental perception. However, their role in visual attention and environmental perception was found to be less significant compared to the color and visual symbol. The findings contribute to textile research, highlighting the importance of the ecolabel context, visual symbol and color in ecolabel design, and providing new insights about visual attention patterns. The study outlines practical recommendations that can be utilized by professionals developing or redesigning ecolabels, in order to effectively communicate the characteristics of sustainable products.}, language = {en} } @misc{Rostalski2025, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Rostalski, Sarah-Maria}, title = {Radio Astronomy Essentials: Calibration Techniques with the 2.3m Radio Telescope at Rhine-Waal University}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-21533}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {88}, year = {2025}, abstract = {This thesis discusses calibration and, in this context, multiple ways of determining the system temperature of the 2.3-metre radio telescope at Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences in Kamp-Lintfort. Two methods for determining the system temperature are described here: the hot/cold-method and the derivation from the radiometer equation using measurement data from a source with a known brightness temperature, in this case, S7. Both methods deliver different results, depending on the measurements and assumptions on which they are based. The results show that the data basis and uncertainties should always be considered when analysing the observational data to be able to evaluate the results correctly. Overall, the telescope is quite suitable for educational observations, especially of the 21-cm line of neutral hydrogen. Furthermore, instructions have been created for the various tasks so that the results are reproducible and comprehensible. The entire process is made transparent, from planning the observations and setting up the telescope to measuring and analysing the data. In addition, basic concepts of radio astronomy are described in theory to provide valuable background knowledge. On this basis, the use of the telescope enables students and amateur astronomers to understand and apply the basic principles of radio astronomy and to plan and carry out their own observations.}, language = {en} } @misc{Syed2025, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Syed, Zaid Saleem}, title = {Development of an ML-based multivariate anomaly detection model for beehive monitoring using sensor and environmental data.}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Anomaly detection is an important aspect of beehive monitoring, enabling beekeepers to take timely action and preventing economic losses caused by the decline of the bee population. Most existing beehive monitoring systems lack machine learning (ML) capabilities for anomaly detection and rely on threshold-based methods or expensive, complex designs. This thesis utilized the DigiBee prototype, a cost- effective monitoring system, to develop an ML-based anomaly detection model using Isolation Forest. Data on temperature, humidity, sound, vibration, and weight from four active beehives was collected between May 1, 2024, and July 25, 2024, alongside environmental data—temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation—from nearby meteorological stations. Exploratory data analysis revealed several limitations: uniform outputs from vibration sensors, calibration errors in weight sensors, and multiple gaps during the data collection period. Correlation analysis indicated a limited influence of external weather variables on internal beehive conditions, while internal sensor parameters displayed stronger correlations with each other. Five models were developed, using either beehive data alone or a combination of beehive and weather data. Results showed that beehive-specific models achieved higher accuracy in detecting localized anomalies, whereas models combining data from multiple beehives generalized better but underrepresented hive-specific issues. Models incorporating weather parameters, especially precipitation, introduced noise and unnecessary dimensions, which, when excluded, improved the model's prediction by focusing on hive-specific patterns and ensuring anomaly detection remained contextually relevant.}, language = {en} } @misc{Bhattarai, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Bhattarai, Anish}, title = {Digitizing the Bait Lamina Method: Facilitating Autonomous Learning and Data Processing in Ecological Research}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {In recent years, digital tools in soil science have evolved to modernize and streamline traditional approaches by fostering greater learning engagement and enhancing accessibility. The primary goal of this research is to create an application that intends to facilitate autonomous learning while streamlining data processing, visualization, and reporting for the Bait Lamina Method (BLM). Advanced technologies such as React.js, Tailwind CSS, Vite.js, and several Node.js modules were used to implement essential functionalities. Moreover, to ensure smooth and scalable app delivery, Docker was employed. Furthermore, thorough usability testing was carried out with students from both the school and university to create a sturdy app that satisfies the needs and standards of users. This research utilized a mixed-methods approach to evaluate the app's overall usability, emphasizing efficiency, learnability, dependability, and overall satisfaction. Quantitative analysis included phi coefficient correlation, chi-square testing, and multiple ordinary least squares (OLS) regression to measure overall usability and user satisfaction. Meanwhile, qualitative approaches such as theme and sentiment analysis were used to get insight into user experiences, preferences, difficulties, and ideas for improvement. The study demonstrated that understanding the method is a key driver influencing student satisfaction. Therefore, the Bait Lamina App (BLA) immensely facilitated autonomous learning while speeding up data processing, visualization, and administration for the BLM. However, a few small faults and student comments were integrated into the BLA, which improved its use and satisfaction.}, language = {en} } @misc{Mandal, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Mandal, Prashant}, title = {Comparative Lifecycle Assessment (LCA) Of Tomato Production in Spain and Northern Germany}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {The environmental impact of year-round greenhouse vegetable production, particularly in high latitude region such as the Emsland district in Lower Saxony, Germany, has raised concerns. It has latitude 52,362324 and longitude 7,269548 with temperature from 10°C to 25 in summer and temperature ranges from -1°C to 7°C in winter. In this context, two gardens with different climatic conditions, represented by the gardeners DE from Germany and ES from Spain, were considered. The latter is located at latitude 41,39467 and longitude 2,157998, with summer temperatures ranging from 20 to 30°C and winter temperatures from 10 to 15°C. Greenhouse vegetable production requires significant energy inputs for heating and lighting, particularly during the winter months. However, the environmental implications of using renewable energy sources like hydroelectricity and the effects of other production strategies on the environment have not been adequately investigated. To address this knowledge gap, a life cycle assessment (LCA) of greenhouse tomato production for year-round production in 2022 has been conducted, including processes from seedling planting in a pre-build greenhouse structure to distribution at two locations: the ES Gardner in Spain and the DE Gardner in Germany. The study used the OpenLCA software and followed the ReCipe 2016 Mid-Point (H) impact assessment methodology. Our analysis revealed that, across the two main production seasons, the highest global warming potential (GW) was observed during year-round production in Spain. The following aspects were discovered to have a significant influence on the environmental impact: Packaging material, transportation, heating systems, electricity, land usage, and irrigation methods. Overall, it was determined that year-round production in Germany had the least detrimental environmental impact among the examined production types. The use of packaging material, electricity for heating the greenhouse and transportation was the primary contributor to most of the impact categories. Conversely, the application of fertilizers and manures during extended seasonal and year-round production had a lower environmental impact.}, language = {en} } @misc{Mashaba, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Mashaba, Ismat Jahan}, title = {Comparative Analysis of Waste Management Challenges and Strategies: A Case Study of Dhaka, Bangladesh, and Beijing.}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {The paper emphasizes the importance of effective waste management for sustainable development, highlighting the challenges faced by Dhaka, mainly due to inadequate infrastructure, poor public awareness, and insufficient governmental support. The rapid urbanization and population growth in Dhaka exacerbate these issues, leading to severe environmental and public health risks. The study compares the waste management systems of Dhaka and Beijing. A survey was conducted to understand the attitude and awareness of the residents of Dhaka, and secondary data was considered to provide an overview of the existing waste management policies and practices of both Dhaka and Beijing. The findings of the paper outline several recommendations for improving waste management in Dhaka. However, the study also identifies several challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, insufficient governmental support and so on. In summary, the research highlights the significance of efficient waste management systems in metropolitan regions, especially in developing nations, and promotes a comprehensive strategy to tackle the difficulties encountered by cities such as Dhaka.}, language = {en} } @misc{Akter, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Akter, Most Sarmin}, title = {Data Analysis of the "Loyalty Program-Valeo Specialist Club" to Improve the Independent Aftermarket: Designing an Efficient Marketing Strategy}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Nowadays, a loyalty program is one of the most significant marketing tools for winning genuine customer loyalty. Valeo, a global automotive supplier, also offers the Valeo Specialist Club loyalty program and rewards garage or workshop members who only purchase Valeo spare parts. The core intent of this study is to understand the importance of the Valeo loyalty application, members' insights, and their experiences for improving the future planning, aftermarket performance, and management of the Value Specialist Club. In today's competitive market, products, services, and customer loyalty are valuable assets, so the program was created to enhance member satisfaction and loyalty with the Value Specialist Club. A mixed-method approach was used to answer the study question and findings, improve member satisfaction, and refine marketing strategies, using a survey as primary data and Qlik Sense as secondary data. Besides, using a survey methodology, the study collected 79 responses from different countries (the United Kingdom, Germany, Belgium, and the Netherlands) and analyzed the data with only 58 Specialist Club member's responses. A reliability examination was additionally accomplished to measure the accuracy of the collected survey data. Qlik Sense, Microsoft 365, and Excel 2016 were used for data analysis and visualization, which involved descriptive analysis, correlation coefficients, and text sentiment analysis. The study results show positive trends in member satisfaction across four markets, but a decreasing engagement rate is noticeable. In general, members from all countries were satisfied with Valeo products and services, contrasting with moderate dissatisfaction with the Valeo Specialist Club app and customer service. The study also found a strong correlation between the Valeo Specialist Club app, loyalty service, and customer service, suggesting improvements to meet member expectations and preferences. Nevertheless, the study also emphasizes the need to enhance the Valeo Specialist Club registration process, loyalty program features, and benefits to align with current trends, foster increased member satisfaction, and sustain loyalty within the independent aftermarket. Furthermore, the conclusions of this study will aid in developing upcoming marketing plans.}, language = {en} } @misc{Gurung, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Gurung, Purnima}, title = {Sentiment Analysis in Nepali Tweets: Leveraging TransformerBased Pre-trained Models}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-19677}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Despite the remarkable achievements of large transformer-based pre-trained models like BERT, GPT in several Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks including Sentiment Analysis (SA), challenges are still present for subdued source languages like Nepali. Nepali language is written in Devanagari script, has complex grammatical structure and diverse linguistic features. Due to the absence of balanced datasets, and computational resources for Nepali, achieving optimal result with the latest architecture remains challenging. For this reason, publicly available NLP modelsfor Nepali are very less, making research in this area difficult. This paper attempts to addressthis gap through the use of pre-trained transformer models specially tailored for Nepali from Hugging Face including BERT, DistilBERT, ALBERT, and DeBERTa for sentiment analysis in Nepali tweets on relatively balanced datasets. The models are trained on large Nepali datasets and optimized for NLP tasks involving Devanagari scripts. To evaluate the model's performance, various tokenization strategies are investigated in order to capitalize on transformer-based embedding with the SoftMax function and confusion matrix. The outcomes of models are compared using the same datasets. The study's results shows that DistilBERT achieved the highest accuracy rate of 88\% in Nepali sentiment analysis tasks, followed by BERT and DeBERTa at 83\% and 80\%, respectively. However, ALBERT showed a low accuracy of 70\%. The result of this approach shares valuable viewpoints for the field of sentiment analysis in diverse linguistic contexts.}, language = {en} } @misc{Shrestha, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Shrestha, Sabita}, title = {Named Entity Recognition for Nepali Text Using Pre-Trained BERT-Based Model}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-19870}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {The popularity of using transformer-based models like Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) for various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks is increasing rapidly. Unfortunately, the research is very limited for low-resource languages like Nepali. This study examines the utilisation of pre-trained BERT-based NERNepal for Named Entity Recognition (NER) tasks in Nepali text. The main goal is to investigate the efficiency of the NERNepal model, which has been pre-trained and fine-tuned on Nepali corpus data for NER. This research provides new insights by evaluating the NERNepal model on two distinct datasets. It addresses unique linguistic challenges specific to Nepali. The study also offers a detailed analysis of the model's strengths and weaknesses. By focusing on diverse datasets, this study shows how adaptable the model is and how its performance varies. These aspects have not been explored extensively before. The EverestNER dataset is one of the largest human-annotated datasets in Nepal so far, and the Nepali_NER dataset is also BIO-annotated for the NER task, which helped to compare the model's prediction. The performance was better on the Nepali_NER dataset in comparison with another selected dataset. The EverestNER dataset contained many complex words for ORG connected with many tokens for a single entity with different contextual meanings and different annotations for the same word in different tokens as per context. Because of this, it created more confusion for the prediction, especially for the ORG entity. It had a similar issue with another dataset as well, but the label annotation was better in comparison. Furthermore, the research tries to clarify the difficulties and constraints related to utilising pre-trained BERT models for NER in low-resource languages such as Nepali. The study focuses on research areas on the efficacy of the model and its performance on two different datasets. Post-training with the EverestNER train dataset was attempted, but due to computational resource limitations, only a maximum of 3 epochs was possible, which did not improve the evaluation. It also has implications for enhancing language processing tools for Nepali. The results show the ability of a pre-trained BERT-based model to improve NER skills for Nepali text. However, further study is required to overcome the current obstacles to identifying complex words. The availability of high computational resources and the possibility of combining other NER approaches with a transformer-based model could increase the performance and robustness of the model. Keywords: Named Entity Recognition, Natural Language Processing, BERT, low resources language}, language = {en} } @misc{Wissigkeit, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Wissigkeit, Tobias}, title = {Interaction design strategies for conversational video games to accommodate for anomalous user- and AI behaviors: A case study on integration strategies for interaction-based AI technologies in games using participatory design methods.}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-19710}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {51}, abstract = {The recent development of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has inspired some game developers to try and integrate it into games. Anomalous behavior by generative AI or users seems undesirable and effort is being made to find ways on how to prevent anomalous responses by generative AI. However, these responses are a unique trait of generative AI and in our project, we explore strategies on how the negative effects of anomalous user and AI behavior can be mitigated, instead of trying to prevent them from appearing. We want to leverage their uniqueness as an intended game mechanic and see in what context these strategies can work. To achieve these goals, we researched already existing integrations of generative AI features in games and entertainment as well as possible connections to game mechanics and systems that are not related to AI. Based on this, we created 4 prototypes of conversational games with generative AI characters, which allowed the AI to create anomalous responses and did not limit the player freedom of what they may input. In our 36 participatory design sessions, we found that anomalous user and AI behavior can have a positive influence on the player's experience if a game's story is set up in a way that it can allow new and diverging story threads, that are created by the player and AI, to be integrated and if there are supplementary game mechanics, that allow the player to follow the intended story and complete the game.}, language = {en} } @misc{Hoetger, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {H{\"o}tger, Marvin}, title = {Evaluation of the potential of a silphie supply chain for fiber production and CO2 binding in East-Westphalia Lip}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {The present thesis focuses on the potential of the alternative fiber plant Silphie (Silphium perfoliatum) in East Westphalia-Lippe. To assess its potential, three expert interviews were conducted in the beginning with the key stakeholders of a Silphie supply chain. These stakeholders included the fiber producer OutNature, the seed distributor Donau-Silphie, and the CO2 certification company Positerra. Through these interviews, the necessary conditions for establishing a Silphie cultivation region for paper production were determined. Subsequently, the attitudes of local farmers towards cultivation and further use of the plant were surveyed. Additionally, the potential for CO2 sequestration of Silphie was assessed and compared with the opinions of the farmers. The results from the interviews and the survey were used to identify patterns using explorative data analysis and descriptive statistics methods, enabling the prioritization of potential farmers in the future. The evaluation of the methods revealed an interest in cultivation and fiber production under certain conditions. The most important prerequisites include profitability, secured take-off agreements, and the suitability of using the plant as fodder. Consequently, farmers with a larger farm size who cultivate silage maize for biogas production are most willing to grow Silphie. By geographically mapping potential Silphie areas, two preferred catchment areas were identified where the chance for a cultivation region is favorable due to existing infrastructure and farmer interest. Furthermore, a comparison of the required environmental conditions with those present in OWL was conducted and mostly deemed accurate. Based on these findings and the development of further utilization possibilities for Silphie, this thesis serves as a motivation for additional studies aimed at increasing the potential of Silphie in OWL.}, language = {en} } @misc{ShujaUdDin, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Shuja Ud Din, Aneeba}, title = {"SCHOOL FEEDING AND PUBLIC FOOD PROCUREMENT PROGRAMS AS A POLICY INSTRUMENT TO PROMOTE SMALLHOLDER FARMING AND SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS - A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Family farms and smallholders have been kept out of the market niche due to their competition with larger multinational corporations. Smallholder farmers can enter the food market easily by linking them with school feeding programs. National school feeding programs exist globally. However, food quality is a major factor in the success of these programs in enhancing student nutrition. This offers opportunities for family farms to supply nutritious, local organic produce to regional schools and gain access to the food market in urban areas. Students and farmers can benefit from this integration along with all supply chain contributors. Nevertheless, proper management of these supply chains, programs, and farms is a necessity. In this review, the impacts of local procurement for school meal programs are discussed with data from different national programs. Perspectives of farmers, distributors, school management, students, and parents are discussed to assess the advantages of buying from family farms. Challenges faced in the process of procurement from smallholders and associated risks are also examined. Social actors including producers, distributors, consumers, and government that participated in these studies give their opinions on school feeding programs. The main problems arise from the lack of budget and incentives available to farms and faulty logistics that can affect quality and quantity of school meals. Organizational strategies to promote sustainable supply chains and investment in agriculture policies are practical solutions for these challenges.}, language = {en} } @misc{Sharma, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Sharma, Neetu}, title = {Analyzing Customer Behvior Patterns \& Predicting Online Product Return Intentions: A Data Mining Approach}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-19240}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {74}, abstract = {During the past years, it is noticeable that the e-commerce industry has emerged drastically, offering accessibility to a variety of products to the customer where they can buy products from the comfort of their home. However, it is associated with a lot of new challenges for e-commerce businesses, particularly in understanding and managing the customer behavior patterns with the rising online product returns. Since the accessibility of online shopping has risen, assessing the critical factors related to product return and prediction has become a really challenging task for e-commerce vendors. This study also aims to segment the customers based on customer behavior prediction into two categories, i.e., high return risk and low return risk customers, and further develop strategies to reduce the online returns. This study is rather structured into four integral parts, where each part provides the comprehensive analysis. The first aspect involves analyzing and identifying the customer behavior patterns leading to product returns. The second aspect predicts the online product return based on selected features and the third is to segment the customers based on online product return prediction and categorize them into high return risk, and low return risk customers. The final step involves development of strategies to reduce the product return based on the intense analysis conducted. To achieve this meaningful research outcome, data analysis is conducted to understand the customer behavior patterns, and a Random Forest feature selector is used to identify the customer behavior patterns that lead to product return. Based on the identified features, classification models were applied to classify and predict whether the customer is going to return product or not. Furthermore, in these seven classification models such as Logistic Regression, Ada Boost, Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, XG Boost, K-Nearest Neighbors, and Random Forest were implemented and used to compare the performance of the classification models to find out the best performing model. Lastly, the segmentation of customers is carried out based on the online product prediction using Logistic regression with classification threshold method into high return risk and low return risk customer categories. The results obtained help in understanding the customer behavior and reduce the online product return by developing the strategies. This study will eventually help the online businesses in reducing returns which will also enhance the customer satisfaction.}, language = {en} } @misc{Swiderek, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Swiderek, Paul}, title = {Can golf courses help in conserving and improving local biodiversity - a case study at the Elfrather M{\"u}hle, Krefeld}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Habitat losses by fragmentation, agriculture, urbanization, and other causes have led to significant declines in biodiversity. Thus, green infrastructures like golf courses have emerged as a potential contributor to biodiversity conservation. Therefore, the research focuses on a golf course in Krefeld, Germany, by examining its role in supporting, conserving, and improving local biodiversity. The objectives include assessing the biotopes and habitats provided by the golf course, investigating the potential of an ecosystem analysis to enhance overall biodiversity, and evaluating the golf course's effectiveness in conserving local species of conservation concern. Through landscape analysis, significant differences between the golf course and surrounding areas were observed. The golf course was ascertained to exhibit a significantly higher biotope value compared to other land use systems except natural ones. Woody biotopes, including forests and tree groups, demonstrated the highest on-course biotope values, while short-kept grass, roughs, ponds, and non-native woody structures were less valuable. Theoretical enrichments of meadow-, pond-, and non-native biotopes as well as their relative size indicated potential for improving biotope value to support biodiversity. Combined enrichments were indicated to be the most effective. Despite the current presence of only a few habitat types, the golf course was found to support local fauna and flora species of conservation concern. Adaptations, such as creating meadow-, riparian-, copse-, and forest habitats, showed promise to further improve biodiversity. The study identified landscape context and prior land use as crucial factors influencing golf course's value. Overall, the golf course demonstrated potential in providing valuable biotopes, and habitats and supporting local and regional species of conservation concern. The findings suggest that golf courses, particularly in urban and suburban areas, can serve as effective contributors to biodiversity conservation by enhancing landscape connectivity and providing essential habitats. Enrichment strategies, coupled with a focus on specific habitat types, offer practical avenues for improving the conservation status of both local and regional flora and fauna species on golf courses. This research underscores the potential of golf courses as valuable tools in urban biodiversity conservation efforts.}, language = {en} } @misc{Marchenko, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Marchenko, Tetiana}, title = {Implementation and evaluation of a "Friendship flowerbed" - a novel approach of incorporating interactive friendship data physicalization in gifting experiences}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Data physicalizations are physical objects that encode data. The concept comes from data visualization, except for in a physicalization the data is presented as 3D tangible objects. Research shows that physical representation of data and being able to interact with it improve understanding and memorability of data, which supports the embodied cognition thesis, according to which cognition is supported by the body and the physical world and developmental psychology research, suggesting that manipulation of physical objects can promote understanding and learning. Alongside traditional physicalizations of statistical data, there also exist physicalizations of personal data, for example heartrate patterns, DNA data, one's emotional states during the course of the week, etc. Research shows that such physicalizations, often embodied into everyday objects to promote familiarity and intuitive interaction, stimulate self-reflection as well as social interactions by telling others the stories behind the data. Some researchers thought about using data physicalizations as gifts and created example of such gifting artifacts. However, the design process of these artifacts was not based on the user research; nor were the physicalization gifts evaluated in any way. This is the gap that we are addressing in this master thesis, and the goal of our project was therefore to create and evaluate a personal data physicalization present using the human centered design approach. We started our work by conducting user research: performing interviews and defining the important characteristics of the future physicalisation gift. It was followed by a brainstorming session of possible design solutions and creation of the prototype. The prototype was then tested with users, addressing understandability of the data presented in the physicalisation and subjective perception of the gift. Our documentation of the findings and the research process provides a new step in the research of personal data physicalisations and lays out new topics for future investigations.}, language = {en} } @misc{Kalyanam, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Kalyanam, Thanmai Sai}, title = {The Environmental Impact of Urban Agricultural Technologies Determined Using Life Cycle Assessment Method - A Systematic Review}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Urban Agriculture (UA) is identified as a sustainable solution to address urban food security challenges compounded by the exponential increase in urban population. Moreover, UA largely mitigates the negative impacts associated with conventional agriculture systems such as soil degradation, high resource usage, crop sensitivity towards climate change, and high fertilizer usage. UA is often complimented for its significant potential for producing higher yield nevertheless, for extensive use of UA, an in-depth understand- ing of its environmental impacts is required. For any UA methodology, environmental performance acts as a promising factor in promoting agriculture sustainability. This study performs critical analyses of available literature on UA techniques using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). LCA provides a comprehensive understanding of UA's environmental footprint across different stages of its life cycle. LCA facilitates the quantification of eco- logical impacts associated with various UA approaches, including vertical farming, roof- top farming, hydroponics, aquaponics, and aeroponics. This study utilizes a systematic review methodology, incorporating the PRISMA model, to conduct a comprehensive data collection process aimed at identifying the LCA of diverse UA methods and their associated impacts. The review addresses the following questions: How does LCA help in quantifying the environmental impacts of UA? What is the environmental performance of different UA techniques? The findings demonstrated that nearly every form of UA exhibited a notable advantage in yield, and efficiency in water usage and land usage. Specifically, aeroponics stands out for its superior performance in yield and water usage efficiency, albeit with elevated energy demands. Hydroponics and aquaponics showcase advantages in reduced water usage and fertilizer requirements. Vertical farms, due to their structural and Controlled Environment (CE) prerequisites, present as energy-intensive systems with higher Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. In contrast, rooftop farms, making use of under-utilised urban spaces, emerge as a balanced system with moderate energy consumption and GHG emissions. The environmental impact of UA techniques varies based on factors such as structure, operational components, crop selection, and the integration of innovative technologies, resulting in diverse outcomes when compared to conventional soil-based farms. This review recommended an extensive LCA of UA techniques, innovation to existing methodologies, urban reforms, and increased awareness about UA.}, language = {en} } @misc{Okolie, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Okolie, Somtoo Dominic}, title = {The Use of Pig insulin and Grafts in the treatment of Human Diabetes}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Biological resources are entities of natural origin with sources from either plants or animals that render a broad number of services to mankind. Purified pig insulin, pancreas, islet, and beta cells are biological resources synthesized, extracted, and isolated from pigs to provide medical services like treating human diabetes. The observed methodology was obtained by systematically reviewing and comparing other similar scientific studies to determine the challenges and risks associated with using pig grafts (islet, pancreas, beta cells) for the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D), the optimal pig age for extracting graft for treatment of diabetes, differences between human and pig insulin, and the clinical trials and adoption pig insulin and graft therapies for type 1 diabetes treatment. Xenotransplantation of pig grafts has successfully restored normoglycemia in a Type 1 diabetes patient for about 9.5 years, thus potentially being an alternative therapy to human islet allotransplantation. However, the clinical adoption of using pig grafts for diabetes treatment is hindered by the unavailability of T1D volunteers to be used for clinical trials because of risks like zoonosis, loss of body weight, immunosuppression, and death of the transplanted pig implant. Xenotransplantation of pig grafts to T1D can be clinically accepted through advanced practices like Genetic modifications of the pig, encapsulating the pig grafts before transplantation, and co-transplantation of the pig grafts with Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSCs) and/or Sertoli cells (SCs). The clinical adoption of pig grafts for T1D treatment will mitigate the problem of limited islet/pancreas donor sources encountered in allotransplantation, hence more research and studies are needed for this milestone to be accomplished.}, language = {en} } @misc{Thapa, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Thapa, Sajana}, title = {Assessing the Impact of Pyrolysis Biochar Derived from Sewage Sludge on Growth Responses and Plant Compatibility across Various Plant Species}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Sewage sludge, a byproduct of municipal wastewater treatment, poses challenges in disposal due to its increasing global production. The pyrolysis process is explored to address this issue, converting sewage sludge into biochar with advantages such as eliminating pathogens, reducing odors, and stabilizing organic carbon. This research underscores the environmental benefits of utilizing biochar as a soil amendment, given its porous structure, carbon and nutrient retention capacity, and potential to enhance plant development and soil quality. By evaluating the impact of pyrolysis biochar from sewage sludge on plant growth and compatibility, the research aims to provide valuable insights for sustainable agricultural practices and waste management strategies. Pot trials were conducted in the university greenhouse, incorporating findings from a range of prior studies as a guiding framework. Diverse plant species were selected for experimentation, aiming to assess both plant compatibility and the influence of pyrolyzed biochar. This research investigates the contextual influence of sewage sludge biochar on water-holding capacity (WHC) across different soil types. Contrasting effects were observed, with silty clay loam experiencing decreased WHC and sandy loam exhibiting an increase, highlighting the soil- specific impact of biochar on water retention. Gaseous toxicity and phytotoxicity tests confirmed the absence of harmful gases, challenging previous findings. Plant compatibility tests underscored species-specific responses, emphasizing the need for tailored approaches when utilizing biochar as a soil amendment. Germination tests supported the idea that biochar does not adversely affect seed germination. Root analysis revealed biochar-induced fine root proliferation, suggesting enhanced nutrient availability for plants. In the context of Rhizobium inoculation, common beans in the biochar medium have exhibited smaller dimensions, influenced by the interaction between biochar and Rhizobium inoculation rates. This study provides valuable insights into the multifaceted impacts of sewage sludge biochar in diverse agricultural contexts.}, language = {en} } @misc{Awasthi, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Awasthi, Sudarshan}, title = {Pepper ChatGPT System as a Study Programme Guide for Students}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {This thesis centers on enhancing the humanoid Pepper robot with Artificial Intelligence-driven information delivery capabilities in an educational setting using Large Language Model at student service centers. In this work, Pepper was connected to GPT-Engine to act as a voice assistant robot. With the help of GPT-Engine Pepper can answer questions about the University and its study programmes. The enhancement involves a client-server architecture, where the client-side application enables students to interact with Pepper via speech, and the server-side, equipped with AI functionalities, processes these interactions and generates appropriate responses. This setup significantly augments Pepper's capabilities, allowing for more accurate and efficient information delivery. An experiment was conducted with nine student participants of Hochschule-Rhein Waal, where they asked questions about the University and study Programmes to inform themselves about the University and Study Programmes. During the interaction, they evaluated the robot's clarity of communication, accuracy of responses, and overall user experience. The findings indicate that while the AI enhancements generally improved Pepper's ability to communicate and provide information, areas such as voice recognition and response accuracy require further improvement. This research contributes to the field of human-robot interaction by illustrating a practical approach to augmenting existing service robots with AI capabilities. It underscores the importance of advanced AI integration in enhancing the functionality of service robots in educational environments. The study provides valuable insights into the broader application of AI-enhanced robots in the Information Guide role, highlighting the ongoing need for technological advancements in AI integration and humanrobot interaction.}, language = {en} } @misc{Acharya, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Acharya, Bhuwan}, title = {VISUALIZATION OF FLOOD SCENARIOS IN GERMANY IN 2021 AND FORECASTING FLOOD USING MACHINE-LEARNING MODELS}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-18780}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {132}, abstract = {Floods are the most common, devastating, and frequently occurring natural disaster nowadays. Because of climate change, Europe is expected to see an even higher number of floods in the coming decade. As floods cannot be prevented, understanding the pattern and causes and being able to forecast could significantly reduce the losses during the flood. In July 2021, Germany faced a catastrophic flood, taking more than 180 people's lives and causing around 40 billion euros of economic loss. To study the flooded region and the region at high risk, the Flood event 2021 has been visualized in this research. The Flood map has been created using a sentinel-1 image. In the visualization, floods in the Rhine River and Arh River can be seen, and the change in the pattern of flood from 12th July to 16th July has also been observed. Different models exist that try to predict floods and warn as early as possible. Since Machine learning is popular nowadays in every sector, ML models have been implemented in this study to forecast the flood. The SARIMA, Random Forest, and LSTM have been implemented using historical data to predict the flood. The Random Forest model performed better than the remaining two models. The Isolation Forest model has also been implemented to classify the data into Flood and No Flood. This model performs well with the Flood classes but struggles in capturing the No Flood class.}, language = {en} } @misc{Hanafy, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Hanafy, Ahmed}, title = {API Driven Form Rendering}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {This master's thesis investigates the challenges and opportunities associated with dynamic form rendering in user interfaces, specifically in the context of Galeria Karstadt Kaufhof (GKK), a key player in the German retail sector. Collaborating with CODUCT Solutions GmbH, this research aims to enhance GKK's operational efficiency and user experience in their digital transformation journey, focusing on Project Baldeney, a cloud-native platform that automates content management workflows. The thesis begins by outlining the limitations of traditional, static methods of form rendering, highlighting the implications for development time and error frequency. It identifies the fragmentation in the existing API-driven architectures as a critical issue affecting system reliability and user experience. Against this backdrop, the work proposes a unified, API-driven framework to dynamically render forms for many user actions, such as data input and transactions. The research takes a deep dive into existing systems—particularly Informatica's Product Information Management (PIM) software and the new software in development Article Workbench to identify user experience issues, inefficiencies, and the complexities involved. Through this examination, it offers a targeted solution to integrate various components of form management, like building, parsing, validation, and rendering, into a cohesive system. The thesis aims to contribute to software development and user experience design substantially, by targeting improved development efficiency, reduced errors, and enhanced system reliability. By achieving these objectives, the research aspires to furnish GKK with a robust solution for dynamic form rendering, thereby enhancing both user satisfaction and system performance in the fast-evolving digital landscape.}, language = {en} } @misc{Cremer, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Cremer, Luca}, title = {Opportunity and Risk. A critical Assessment of the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-18656}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {78}, abstract = {The literature review at hand addresses the following research question: "Does artificial intelligence and its future development potentially pose a significant threat to individuals' well-being and humanity's ethical values?". For providing answers to the topic at hand, three hypotheses are investigated in detail out of which H0: "Artificial intelligence does pose a significant potential threat to individuals well-being and humanity's ethical values." is accepted in accordance with evaluation of findings gathered from 121 sources overall. Threats of artificial intelligence were identified in overall five fields of application, namely medical science, transport industry, potential militarization, surveillance as well as in interaction of artificial intelligence with consumers, for which the natural language processing model ChatGPT was investigated. Regarding medical sciences, threats include potential dehumanization effects through care robots equipped with artificial intelligence. In the transport industry, multiple issues may arise with autonomously operating vehicles while in potential military application of artificial intelligence, research is conducted in multiple countries. Regarding surveillance, artificial intelligence severely facilitates the implementation of social credit systems, as for instance seen in China. Additionally, human nature is embedded in the context of continuous development of artificial intelligence with aim of establishing a first approximation to guidelines of potentially needed limitations of further development of artificial intelligence. It is concluded that, for implementing specific limitations on development of artificial intelligence, more research is needed for identifying the most suitable approach of limiting further development of artificial intelligence.}, language = {en} } @misc{Sen, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Sen, Shalinee Matadeen}, title = {Survey of Eutheria for Alternative Caseins Suitable for Recombinant Production}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Caseins are the most abundant protein component in mammalian milk, and they are released as calcium-rich micelles. These phosphoproteins originate from four genes responsible for encoding αs1, αs2, β, and κ-caseins in the case of Bos taurus. Remarkably, the relative proportions of these caseins vary significantly among different species. Moreover, the primary sequences of αs1, αs2, and β-caseins exhibit substantial inter-species diversity, indicating a rapid evolutionary process stemming from a common precursor gene. In contrast, κ-caseins possess distinctive characteristics, implying a separate origin and role in stabilizing micelle structures. The precision fermentation industry has long focused on the recombinant production of bovine caseins. However, the milk composition of placental mammals exhibits substantial variability in protein, fat, and sugar content, as well as diverse casein gene orthologs. This variability raises the possibility of alternative casein forms within Eutheria, which may be better suited for deployment in recombinant expression systems. In the pursuit of this objective, the selection of β-casein and κ-casein proteins from various mammalian species was undertaken for recombinant production in Pichia pastoris.}, language = {en} } @misc{Le, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Le, Nhien}, title = {MODEL SELECTION AND OPTIMIZATION FOR SWEET CHERRY BLOSSOM AND NORWAY SPRUCE BUDBURST IN THE PHENOLOGICAL GARDEN - HAUS RISWICK KLEVE}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Phenological models are tools used to predict the timing of phenological events based on environmental factors such as temperature, precipitation, and daylength. This research focuses on enhancing the accuracy of phenological event prediction by applying and refining models for two distinct plant species: Sweet cherry (SC) and Norway spruce (NS Early and late provenances). The analysis employs six models included different kinds of models for each species and ultilizes weather and daylength data of Kleve spanning 2013 to 2021. The objective is to evaluate model performance in the context of Haus Riswick; optimizing their precision through the factor inclusion, parameterization or ensembling method to localize the models to Haus Riswick in Kleve. Comparative assessment reveals that forcing models based on the Growing Degree Day concept or single-phase empirical models outperform chilling-forcing models in predicting the onset of SC blossoming and NS bud bursting models. Notably, the inclusion of the daylength term significantly influences the accuracy of sweet cherry models, whereas this term is not as pronounced in Norway spruce models. After being tested, applied models were calibrated to fit the models into the phenological observed data of Haus Riswick; the calibration process yields substantial improvement in both species' projection, reducing Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) to approximately 2-3 days for sweet cherry and 3-5 days for Norway spruce. Although some uncertainties persist in the simulation of these calibrated models, this methodology contributes to rending the models for both species in Haus Riswick more congruent with local conditions, enhancing their credibility. Ensembling approach is adopted for the Norway spruce budbursting models, where six diverse models are combined to compensate individual limitations. This ensembling method, involving averaging the forecasts of individual models, yields a more refined and dependable prediction (RMSE reduced to 5 days).}, language = {en} } @misc{Idowu, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Idowu, Adetola}, title = {Innovative Solutions to Waste Management: A Case Study of Lagos State, Nigeria.}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-18239}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {110}, abstract = {Lagos State, Nigeria's most populous city, experiences a continuous increase in its population, resulting in a substantial rise in waste generation from various sources including households, industries, and commercial activities. Unfortunately, the existing waste management infrastructure and practices within the state remain inadequate, giving rise to environmental pollution, health hazards, and the deterioration of urban landscapes. Thus, this study explores innovative and sustainable solutions for waste management in Lagos State. Specifically, this study focuses on two important waste categories; Municipal Solid Waste and Sewage Waste. This study includes a thorough examination of the existing waste management practices in Lagos State through visits and interviews conducted with the relevant waste management authorities within the state. In pursuit of possible solutions to address Lagos State waste challenges, this study draws insights from the waste management practices established in Germany, with a particular focus on Cologne. Additionally, this study evaluates the feasibility and potential effectiveness of implementing these practices in Lagos State.}, language = {en} } @misc{Langer, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Langer, Sven}, title = {The Impact of Leader Behavior on Team Processes}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-18136}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {96}, abstract = {The modern work environment is subject to constant change with a notable shift from individual to team-based work structures. This transition necessitates an improved un-derstanding of how managerial actions influence the dynamics within these teams, to optimally align them for success. Despite the substantial research about leader effec-tiveness and team effectiveness based on organizational performance indicators, it is rather infrequent that the direct influence of leader behavior on teams is explored. This thesis aims to address this gap by answering how leader behaviors impact team pro-cesses in the context of German medium to large-scale IT-enterprises. Using a quanti-tative cross-sectional methodology, individuals working in team-based structures under direct supervision were surveyed. Analyzing data from 94 respondents via hierarchical linear regression analysis, several significant relationships were identified. In general, leader behavior has a strong positive impact on team processes. Furthermore, task-oriented leaders have the greatest positive influence on action processes, while relation-oriented leaders have the greatest positive influence on interpersonal processes. Change-oriented leaders also significantly influence action processes and interpersonal processes, albeit less strongly than their counterparts. These results provide implications for team management practices, emphasizing the importance of leader behavior for aligning team processes in the direction of success.}, language = {en} } @misc{Sadeghi, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Sadeghi, Ehsan}, title = {The design and build of a robust syringe pump for extension/contraction of artificial muscles}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Field of bionics has been a great source of inspiration for mankind; and even the recent scientific discoveries of the past decades, has increased importance of this field in the modern life. In this growing trend, more and more scientists are trying to surf over the waves of bio-inspired solutions, but the fundamental differences between nature's point of view and man-kind, on managing the resources and solving problems, has made the traditional equipment's of scientist, obsolete; especially when it come to actuation methods. Since the traditional device and component are not suitable for cutting edge fields, such as bio-inspired robotic, artificial muscles, soft robotic and so on; this thesis has offered an especially designed syringe pump, to fulfill this need. Starting from the basic constraints and expectations for such syringe pump, a morphological box has been shaped in this project; and along with having an eye over relatively similar products in the market, borders of "design function" has been drawn. By considering the available equipment and tools for production of such device, the "design concept" of this thesis has been formed. And finally, after days of manufacturing, the prototype of this concept has been brought to life. In this syringe pump, a stepper motor (NEMA-17) is controlled by combination of computer, Arduino UNO and microstep driver DM542; by powering this stepper, a lead screw will be driven. Designing an aluminum structure and connecting a lead-nut to the lead-screw; linear displacement can be produced. This linear displacement is responsible for movement of a tray, which is holding onto the end of syringe's plunger; and by clamping the cylinder to the designed station of the thesis; with this configuration, desired static pressure can be produced by displacing the plunger. Having this static pressure, is the key feature for simulating many different biomimetics projects, such as soft robotics and artificial muscles. As the results, this thesis has achieve the high precision and resolution of "100 𝜇m" for each 5 steps of stepper motor, equivalent to 9° of rotation. Furthermore, the prototype have easily and quickly delivered 300 mmHg (39.99Kpa), by using only a single 20ml syringe; and reached the highest speed of 750 rpm for the stepper motor.}, language = {en} } @misc{Navid, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Navid, Sina}, title = {Real-Time Web Application for Decision Support in Groundwater Management}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-17550}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {95}, abstract = {Groundwater is an essential resource that is used for a wide range of purposes all over the world, and retaining this important natural asset demands that it be managed and utilized sustainably. Despite the fact that groundwater is frequently abundant and widely utilized, it is difficult and costly to precisely estimate water levels when compared to surface water systems. Groundwater managers require improved digital tools to understand the system state of the aquifers they seek to interact with sustainably (e.g., accessing real-time updates on the state of the water table to check whether pumping operation is achieving or violating a desired drawdown target.) Here we propose a workflow for a pilot region that (a) temporally interpolates irregularly, manually-measured water levels in a real observation network using data from neighboring sensor-equipped observation, using a multiple linear regression approach to reduce complexity. The resulting interpolated time series are then used in conjunction with the sensor data to come up with (b) spatial interpolations of the groundwater field over time using inversed distance weighting (IDW) at any given point in time. From that, spatial estimates of the groundwater field can be transformed into maps of deviation from drawdown targets. We visualize these targets and their temporal evolution for groundwater managers in real-time on a web application. The web application displays these maps together with operational data (e.g., extraction rates) and meteorological data (recent and forecasted precipitation rates). It serves as a foundational tool for groundwater management when making control decisions to save energy in climate change mitigation and to reduce costs.}, language = {en} } @misc{Schmidt, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Schmidt, S{\"o}ren}, title = {Offshore Wind Farms - The new kind of Marine Protected Area for Northern Europe?}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-17490}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {86}, abstract = {This thesis combines the findings of several publications and studies on the influ- ence of offshore wind farms on marine life, in Northern Europe. The properties and characteristics of this offshore wind farm areas were compared to the characteristics of marine protected areas and differences as well as conformities were highlighted. It is evident, that the negative consequences accompanying the implementation of offshore wind farms are less concise, than the public opinion assumes. Although scientific knowledge gaps in multiple related fields for example, the influence of elec- tromagnetic fields on individuals or the influence of noise on benthos species, are present, offshore wind farms offer chances to contribute positive effects for marine life in terms of de facto protected areas and new possibilities for population growth. The planned extensions of offshore wind farms in geographical relation to marine protected areas could enhance the size of protected areas and connect remote ma- rine protected areas with each other.}, language = {en} } @misc{Shrestha, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Shrestha, Natasha}, title = {Consumer view on social media brand communication during the pandemic}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-17255}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {88}, abstract = {Brand communication through social media has grown significantly in recent years specifically during the covid-19 pandemic, becoming one of the most popular and effective forms of online communication for businesses and consumers. Due to the tremendous increase in social media brand communication during the COVID pandemic, businesses need to study the views or the response of consumers to it and understand how to fully leverage it. With the objective to understand the consumer's views toward social media brand communication during the pandemic, influencing factors of social media brand communication were first examined, and then consumers' responses towards those factors were studied. Two research questions were developed to execute the study. The thesis first relies on a literature review to assess the influencing factors of social media brand communication during Covid-19. Then the thesis, in the empirical part, applies the qualitative research method by conducting semi-structured interviews with 10 participants grouped by aged 25-34 and users of both Facebook and Instagram. The interview was conducted via ZOOM, audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using MAXQDA. The result showed that the influencing factors of social media brand communication were informativeness, entertainment, credibility, interactivity, and electronic word of mouth. In general situation, the brand's product information and value-related information were the central focus of the consumers but during the covid pandemic covid related information, CSR, health-related messages in entertaining form, source expertise, high level of brand interaction and word of mouth from the trusted sources were the influencing factors of social media brand communication. Consumers responded favorably to those brands that were able to incorporate all these factors in social media brand communication. The study is limited to Facebook and Instagram users in Germany who are between the ages of 25 and 34.}, language = {en} } @misc{Vahrenhorst, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Vahrenhorst, Nele Sarah}, title = {How to initiate transformative research on permaculture in the Lower Rhine valley? A framework developed based on the analysis of previous experiences}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {As climate change continues to have negative effects on agriculture, the European Commission calls for sustainable farming approaches as solutions to challenges associated with climate change and therefore propose living labs as a transformative, transdisciplinary and participatory research mode in order to enforce the resilience of farming systems. Permaculture is considered as an approach for the living lab at the Lower Rhine as it aims at integrating sustainable management practices and ethical principles to provide the framework for a holistic approach that could provide an alternative to current management practices and their negative effects on the region. The thesis at hand aims at establishing a living lab framework that allows involvement of regional stakeholders from a range of sectors in a regional network that is part of a trinity of projects that additionally include an on-site test area and a digital knowledge platform. By performing literature research and interviews with regional primary producers and experts of the field, the thesis proceeds to place the permaculture living lab in the currently available context of living lab categorizations and provides a detailed framework with step-by-step instructions to follow as well as a selection of aspects to keep in mind in order to initiate transformative research on permaculture in the form of a living lab in the Lower Rhine region. Apart from the needs of regional primary producers, existing networks and organizations relevant for the living lab are identified, as well as successfully implemented living labs in Zurich, Lisbon, Bern and New York whose objectives align at least partially with those of the future permaculture living lab that can provide experience and suggestions for the planning process.}, language = {en} } @misc{Walser, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Walser, Heidy}, title = {Personality Traits and Work Engagement among Human Services Workers: The Role of Coworker Support}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-16706}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {74}, abstract = {It has been increasingly important to study the well-being of workers in the human services industry as the society benefits from their care and effort abundantly. Most research on human services workers has been focused on the topic related to mental "un-well being" such as exhaustion and burnout, instead mental "well-being". However, lately a more positive approach of work engagement was introduced as a form of positive psychology. Since previous studies of work engagement have focused mainly on its environmental factors, this study attempted to explore the construct from another perspective which is the personality differences (extraversion and neuroticism). The main objective is to answer the question of why some individuals are more engaged than others while working in the same conditions. Moreover, the moderating effect of perceived coworker support as a form of social support is also examined in the model. A total of 246 nurses and caregivers working in Germany participated in an online survey. Findings show that extraversion and neuroticism are significant predictors of work engagement which indicates that extraverted workers are more engaged compared to the ones with high level of neuroticism. Coworker emotional support was found to buffer the negative effect of neuroticism on work engagement. However, there is no evidence of a moderating effect from coworker instrumental support on the relationship between personality traits and work engagement. The result of this study can be useful particularly for practitioners who may benefit from designing training programs that foster helping behavior among workers hence improving their work engagement.}, language = {en} } @misc{Mou, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Mou, Youness}, title = {A Hybrid Strategy Using Human Centered Design and Agile Methodologies to Develop an Error Taxonomy to Assist Businesses in Avoiding and Repairing Software Issues}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-16355}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {178}, abstract = {Companies often utilize error taxonomies to handle software problems. Agile and scrum-based software engineering procedures leverage software testing and quality management to find, repair, and prevent functional faults. Taxonomies help programmers see patterns and solve comparable challenges. Usability engineering-based taxonomies emphasize the use of HCD approaches to discover and classify usability concerns across the software development life cycle. Software and usability engineering have pros and cons. This thesis presents a hybrid software challenge taxonomy to bridge these two areas. The research project aims to build a new hybrid error classification system for identifying and correcting software errors at their source, leading to more user-centric software. Software engineering taxonomies and design issues are investigated. The weaknesses of any research taxonomy are then evaluated against one that fits some of this thesis' needs. User interviews and contextual inquiry are used to uncover software faults. The results of the study showed that poor usability, a mediocre user interface, workflow issues, and poor user experience caused most non-technical problems. Non-functional faults may have created many technical challenges. Six out of ten company professionals who participated in a questionnaire and interview mistook "usability" for "user experience." Usability and user experience were valued by two out of ten specialists, but they were misunderstood, expensive, and time-consuming premium approaches, and thus not included in the software development lifecycle. Ignoring non-functional issues may have caused numerous software failures. Scrum and agile used alone may also be to blame for many of the software issues uncovered in this thesis project.}, language = {en} } @misc{Adebiyi, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Adebiyi, Akinloluwa Iyanu}, title = {Combining User Experience Design \& Service Design: Theory meets Practice}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-16337}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {94}, abstract = {This thesis explores how UXD and SD can work together more seamlessly in practice. UXD and SD have a lot of similarities. This has led to confusion around the borders and overlaps of both fields. Therefore researchers called for more studies to clarify their relationship. Most recent studies suggested diverting from polishing single touchpoints; some studies and focussing on end-to-end journey and the customer. The thesis examines the underlying activities of existing theoretical approaches and the challenges of combining UXD and SD with the help of thematic analysis. A set of proposed strategies were developed based on a survey on current practices and challenges with practitioners and thematic analysis. As a result, the thesis presents four strategies that design teams can incorporate into their processes. The idea is to promote the creation of better quality products and services by harnessing the benefits of both fields. The key point was that these concepts are still broad and should be simplified into leaner modes that can be applied in daily activities.}, language = {en} } @misc{Zenger, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Zenger, Colin}, title = {Evaluation of functional silphie paper in the disposal process}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {The future of packaging seems to be in paper. Especially functional papers are on the rise of replacing plastic packaging more and more. The aim of the present work is to answer which disposal route is most suitable for functional silphie papers and how different coating techniques perform in a recyclability analysis. To answer this question, a laboratory experiment conducted in a paper laboratory in Lenningen, Germany tested how functional coating behaves in material recycling. Following the test method PTS-RH 021/2012 (Draft Ocober 2019), five functional paper samples and three reference samples with at least 35 \% silphie content were defibered and new laboratory sheets were formed. For this, water-based coatings and extrusion coatings were used as coating techniques. Additionally, the rejects were separated in a screening step and evaluated. The laboratory trials reveal important trends:. First, it shows that extrusion coatings detach from the paper surface and were found in the reject, from which they can be energetically recovered. This leads to a high mass loss and therefore a low recyclability rate. Second, for water-based coatings, solubility is of great importance. Results demonstrate that with good solubility, these coatings can lead to low mass loss and high recycling quality. Subsequently, this results in high recyclability rates. However, in samples with a difficult to dissolve water based coating, stickies and inhomogenities remained in the paper. This can significantly impede the recycling process. Future research could investigate further technologies of functionalization of silphie paper, as well as broaden the discussion by including complete mass balancing without loss of fibers and process water analysis. With the results obtained, OutNature is advised to pursue the route of water-based coatings while maintaining watch-out of their dissolvability in the recycling process. Extrusion coated functionality is to be avoided currently as the loss of mass for recycling is hindering recyclability with the current definitions and analysis methods. At the same time, reevaluation should be done if major changes in legislation or focus of discussion are happening.}, subject = {Recyclability}, language = {en} } @misc{Akbik, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Akbik, Hia}, title = {The Effect of Risk and Uncertainity on Purchasing Decisions}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-15858}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {95}, abstract = {The end of 2019 has brought upon the world a new virus called Covid-19 that has quickly evolved into a pandemic at the start of 2020. To control the spread of the virus, countries around the world were forced to implement various strict measures that includes travel bans, lockdowns, and limited social contacts. As per pervious pandemics, this crisis had severe consequences on economy, consumer behavior, purchasing decisions and people's mental and physical wellbeing. Consumers were forced to adapt and find alternatives that would fit the "new norm". This added to the psychological distress people were experi-encing and in turn increased their feeling of risk and uncertainty. Thus, this research con-ducts a semi-structured exploratory in-depth interview (N=16) to profoundly investigate the effect of risk and uncertainty on consumers' purchasing decisions in Germany. Find-ings of this study suggests that consumers with high uncertainty avoidance and high per-ceived risk are more likely to have a changed behavior. Their purchasing decisions are more oriented toward necessities and self-development products. On the other hand, con-sumers with low uncertainity avoidance and risk perception have experiences less change in terms of consumer behavior and purchasing decisions. The results of this research would help companies understand consumers' psychological needs which is often ne-glected in literature to provide the needed products and services. It would also benefit the academic and professional world by knowing what to expect during crisis and if changed behaviors will continue after the pandemic is over.}, language = {en} } @misc{Bhadula, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Bhadula, Divya}, title = {Evaluating the influence of adaption to the vegan lifestyle on protecting the right of farm animals and challenges faced by them due to climate change}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {This research is on evaluating the influence of vegan lifestyle on the protection of animal rights. There are different factors that influence the adaption of veganism, such as ethical reasons or health reasons for choosing a vegan lifestyle. Those factors have been evaluated in this research in the context of European countries. There are different steps taken by the European countries to improve animal protection at livestock farms, which have also been determined in this research. The evaluation has identified that there are different initiatives taken by European countries and EFSA to ensure that the animals feel less pain and distress on livestock farms. Climate change also has an influence on animal protection. Specifically, it is related to the livestock farms as well because it impacts the quality of crop and water supply. It have been identified that both livestock farms and climate change have an influence on each other, and the steps are being taken to overcome the challenges related to the influence of climate change on livestock farms.}, language = {en} } @misc{Hammond, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Hammond, Luciano}, title = {Feasibility check, design and dimensioning of a scrounger magnet coupling to a Siemens-E-Highway-truck}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Among other factors, electric vehicles (EVs) were developed with the intention of mitigating the transportation sector's impact on the environment and the depletion of fossil fuels. While various methods exist to charge electric vehicles (EVs) or extend their driving ranges, each have their benefits and drawbacks. As such, a method to accomplish the latter, i.e., to extend the driving range of an EV - and more specifically, a battery electric vehicle (BEV) - is proposed, which entails magnetically coupling to an electric truck (ET) ahead. This is enabled by a front-mounted system, comprised of a magnetic circuit (MC) and a linear axis (LA), which acts as a drawbridge to extend the MC ahead of the vehicle to a steel plate located at the rear of the ET. By utilising an array of permanent magnets (PMs) and a solenoid within a pot ferrite core (PFC) structure, the proposed system is able to easily generate a coupling force of around 6400 𝑁, which is sufficient to maintain the magnetic couple to the ET ahead, even under slight deceleration of the BEV of 2 𝑚 ⁄ s^2, as it recuperates energy via regenerative braking. With the proposed system, a power gain of 30.24 𝑘𝑊 is achievable in this manner, which allows for a significant improvement to the driving range of BEVs, as well as providing similar benefits as those offered by dynamic charging systems, namely, the convenience, and is thus regarded as a feasible solution, with regard to its performance.}, language = {en} } @misc{O'Shea, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {O'Shea, Brendan}, title = {Evaluation of Solidworks on how to integrate part preparation for Additive Manufacturing in the CAD modeling process}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-13823}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {71}, abstract = {Solidworks is a CAD software that facilitates the construction of 3D models and drawings to enable production. These systems are usually designed to be used in conjunction with Subtractive Manufacturing (SM) and forming processes. This is due to the enormous portion of world-wide production in which these two processes are used. Because of this, design guidelines are customarily based on the abilities and constraints of conventional manufacturing processes. Additive Manufacturing (AM) replaces these with a new set of advantages and limitations that should be considered to assist in the design of parts. Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) represents a methodology which closely resembles Design for Assembly (DFA) and Design for Manufacturing (DFM), as far as reducing component count and allow for easier manufacturing. The aim of this research is to establish DfAM criteria and to evaluate the core Solidworks software in its ability to support design using these criteria. DfAM criteria is sub-divided into two categories. Product DfAM criteria are those derived from the advantages offered by AM technology, while Process DfAM are those determined by the limitations of the AM technique used. Three example models, each addressing multiple criteria, are created in Solidworks and optimized for printing. Through this process, helpful features in the software are identified and analyzed. Embodiment of these examples by means of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) validates these features in an exemplary way and explores the integration of AM design practices in Solidworks. The results of this evaluation will allow further research into CAD support for AM, specifically with respect to Product DfAM.}, language = {en} } @misc{Tantihachai, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Tantihachai, Jittawadee}, title = {Market Participation of Maize Farmers Who Adopted Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) under the Mega Farm Project in the North of Thailand}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-14848}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {77}, abstract = {The attempt to integrate Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) into the procurement standards of maize supply chain has been led by the Thai Feed Mills Association since 2015 to mitigate environmental impacts of maize production in the North of Thailand. Maize production was condemned by researchers and civil society as one of the culprits of deforestation and haze crisis. Up to now, maize in compliance with GAP in the North of Thailand is mostly produced as part of the Mega Farm Project and limited to a handful of farmers and planted areas. With rather unclear and unpromising circumstances, this study aims to examine the progress of GAP implementation and the market participation of farmers who adopted GAP. By using qualitative and quantitative research methods, it tried to find the reasons for the slow progress and limited coverage of GAP maize production. The results show that market incentives, institutional support, and farmers' resource endowment are key determinants of GAP adoption and market opportunities. Although the government's support under the Mega Farm Project has made GAP adoption accessible, affordable and achievable, the stagnation in GAP implementation and adoption is caused by a lack of market incentives, enforcement of regulations, engagement of the private sector, and government's resources. Farmers' market participation as a result of GAP adoption has not substantially changed over time. Their market access and prices received remained the same. Their market opportunities have not significantly been enhanced owing to the lack of market incentives for sustainable maize production, insufficient institutional support on harvest and post-harvest management, and farmers' limited capacity to upgrade and reach an economy of scale.}, subject = {Sustainable}, language = {en} } @misc{Kerst, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Kerst, Mario}, title = {Validation and optimization of mathematical predictive models for the identification of microorganisms using Raman-spectroscopy}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-14820}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {86}, abstract = {The identification and classification of microorganisms remains a challenge in many areas, especially considering time and cost-efficiency. Fast, reliable and cheap methods are of great interest for research, industry and health care. Raman spectroscopy is a method that fulfills these criteria and, in this work, we aim to show its effectiveness to classify a selection of microorganisms. Using a standardized protocol, eighteen microorganisms were measured using Raman spectroscopy and classified with several types of mathematical classification models, including linear discriminant analysis, support vector machines and convolutional neural networks. To prepare the measured spectral data for classification several steps for the data evaluation and transformation were applied and their effectiveness for removing noise and other interferences evaluated. The resulting predictions outcomes were compared to select the most efficient model, showing that with an overall true positive prediction rate of 86.87 \% the convolutional neural network performed the best. Further inspection of the results shows issues with the measurements of selected organisms, indicating that an improved measurement protocol is required to achieve proper predictions. Overall this work shows that Raman spectroscopy in combination with mathematical classification models is a viable and fast method for classification of microorganisms.}, language = {en} } @misc{Ladani, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Ladani, Siddhi}, title = {An exploratory study of how to effectively communicate the level of hotness/spiciness of food items}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-13815}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {70}, abstract = {Preferences for spiciness in food varies greatly from person to person. In addition, the notion of spiciness itself varies greatly from culture to culture and from region to region making it hard to effectively represent and communicate the level of spiciness of food items in restaurant menus and food packaging. In this study we explore the use of virtual taste sensation as a means of effectively communicating the desired or available level of spiciness between the consumer and the provider. Based on prior research on electrical and thermal stimulation of taste sensations, we have developed a device capable of simulating the sensation of hotness on the human tongue through the use of a low voltage electrical current delivered via a set of electrodes and control panel. The development process of the device consisted of the following two steps: 1. We conducted an observational study in which participants were asked to rate their spiciness preference using a commonly used hot sauce which was mixed with either water or rice. 2. Participants were asked to match their spiciness preference using the device at different voltage levels. Although the device only generates the stinging sensation and not the full flavour sensation associated with a spice such as a chili pepper it proved effective in assessing and communicating the spiciness preference of the study participants. Thus, we argue the device holds great promise for developing applications focused on communicating spiciness levels, e.g. the spiciness of the contents of a food package, the spiciness of items in a restaurant menu, or the spiciness of various chili peppers in a market.}, language = {en} } @misc{Yergaliyev, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Yergaliyev, Adil}, title = {Continuous security testing for an existing client-server application}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-13748}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {87}, abstract = {DevSecOps has become a new paradigm in the technology world in a very short time. Despite the fact that there is a lot of talk about it, but in practice it is much more complicated. This paper shows one way to automate security testing on an established client-server application. This research aims to find out if it is possible to improve quality standards by automating security testing and reducing human effort. One of the goals is to find reliable sources on information security management and practices known today. The next goal is to determine which components of the application to perform security analysis on. We took the Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) as a reliable source and began to examine the Top 10 web application security risks. The research needed to understand how this could be further applied to our client-server application. As a result, we ran a manual experiment on the application following the OWASP Top 10 guidelines. After achieving some results in the manual experiment, we already had an idea of what to test and tools to automate. We managed to automate 4 out of 10 categories, which took us about 2.5 months. On average, automated testing takes 38 minutes across 4 categories. In conclusion, it should be noted that automating security testing costs a lot of effort and resources. Based on the example of our work, we can say for sure that it is necessary to properly prioritize resources and smoothly move to automation. The approach to cyber security analysis and automation will be different for each project. Nevertheless, information security in the vastness of the Internet was, is and will be, regardless of how technology evolves.}, subject = {DevSecOps}, language = {en} } @misc{Bolaji, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Bolaji, Elizabeth Oluwatobi}, title = {User Involvement in FinTech Product Design}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-13809}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {115}, abstract = {This thesis investigates the user involvement practices in the product design process of FinTech UX practitioners mainly located in Nigeria. The study aims to identify the design activities used to involve users, the methods the practitioners used, the challenges they faced, and how they measured the impact of these activities. The study used an online survey research method to collect quantitative and qualitative data from 62 respondents. Results from the survey show that user involvement is mainly done during testing. However, it is less prevalent during the software design activity. Some of the significant challenges reported are user recruitment, user participation, user requests, budget, and time constraints. A mix of direct and indirect user involvement methods were also reported, such as surveys, observational techniques, user interviews, data analytic tools, user communities, and social media platforms. To measure the impact of user involvement, the practitioners mainly depended on analytical data, user feedback, and reviews. For most of the practitioners, user involvement is not well established in their design process possibly due to the project-related, user-related, or organizational-related constraints reported in this study.}, language = {en} } @misc{Duarah, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Duarah, Meenakshi}, title = {Healthy additions in dairy milk: A systematic literature review}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Dairy makes up a significant part of the diet as most individuals tend to include milk in their meals. Several studies have revealed that some of the health challenges experienced by humans are a result of some of the additives added to some of their foods. Various kinds of additions can be done in milk that is healthy to increase the consumption among the population or increase the nutrition value of milk. Such additions include flavours, vitamins, and minerals, chocolate, spices, and herbs, as well as fortification of milk products, etc. In the case of preservatives, potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate are added to milk which helps in inhibiting the growth of micro-organisms, preserves the freshness of milk, and prevents spoilage. Also, the concept of lactose-free dairy products is explained widely. Lactose is often present in almost all our dairy products, making it a challenge to those who suffer from lactose intolerance. The process of production of lactosefree milk is explained, which allows people to obtain the nutrients they need from food without compromising their health. The benefits of some of the additives of dairy products are determined methods of killing pathogens in milk also come into play in the research. This includes sterilization of milk which is a high treatment process that uses high temperature to get rid of pathogens. The study also explains the implications that come with the development of aroma and flavour in dairy products, the process of fortification of milk is also explained as a healthy addition to milk. Overall, this review paper shed light on the healthy additions in milk. The research also explores the effectiveness of the market trend of such additions in milk. Keywords: "Lactose free Milk", "Healthy additions", "Healthy benefits and Milk", "Herbs and spices in Milk", "Milk products", "Milk market and Germany", "Healthy addition or Chocolates", "Turmeric milk", "Cloves milk", "Chocolate milk and milk products", "Fortified milk and additions", "Probiotics in milk".}, language = {en} } @misc{Patel, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Patel, Hitesh Babubhai}, title = {Using MS Excel as solver in ansys workbench for the static and fatigue assessment in accordance with the FKM guideline}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-13135}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {172}, abstract = {The FKM guideline offers a structured and detailed framework for static and fatigue strength assessment for steel, aluminum, and cast iron components. This study aimed to investigate Microsoft Office Excel's use of mechanical components' static and fatigue strength verification for non-welded and welded components and its integration into Ansys Workbench. An FKM Excel tool was developed to calculate the assessment and tested against the FKM guideline example. A detailed comparison is made between the results of the FKM Excel tool and the FKM guideline example. Moreover, relevant stress and stress gradient values were obtained using Ansys Parametric Design Language (APDL). This investigation has revealed that the methodology is very efficient and faster. Furthermore, it makes it possible to use for proof strength. This research implies that there is a possibility of obtaining further automating processes in excel and Ansys Workbench.}, language = {en} } @misc{Rownak, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Rownak, Nasir}, title = {Design of a 3D printed manual high flow pump}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {This project aimed to design a manual pump to transport low viscous fluid. It was designed according to some design requirements. Different types of pumps were compared, and then a pump was selected. Then the rotor was designed using SolidWorks. After making the CAD models, ANSYS Fluent (CFX) was used to perform Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation to validate the result. Different components have been used to design the pump. The list was provided, and their functions were discussed. Then the guidelines for Additive Manufacturing (AM) were discussed, and the pump's casing was modified according to the AM guidelines. After modification of the design, the results were compared with the initial design.}, language = {en} } @misc{Lemmen, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Lemmen, Samuel}, title = {Operational Effectiveness of Means Reducing Food Losses and Waste in Food Retail}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Around the globe, high quantities of produced food do not meet their initial purpose of nourishing humans. Food losses and waste occur throughout food supply chains for various reasons, resulting in unsustainable economic, social and environmental behaviour. Several actors in the supply chain have responsibility to transfer food products from farm to fork, whereas each of them holds potential to reduce food losses and waste. Compared to other actors in the chain, retailers are in the exceptional position of selling items to consumers, commonly offering a huge variety of products. Retailers have power in the chain and are therefore seen as a promising stage where "means" tackling food losses and waste can be implemented. Besides the quantities that can be mitigated by the implementation of means, the adoption of these must be realistic in practice, too (i.e. practical feasibility). Together, the quantities mitigated and the practical feasibility are the determinants of the "operational effectiveness". Hence, the research objective is to analyse the operational effectiveness of means that can be applied by food retailers to reduce food losses and waste. The objective has been addressed by analysing ten individual means through a literature review, namely (1) improved forecasting, (2) lower order quantities, (3) avoiding rejections, (4) technologies enabling improved shelf life, (5) selling loose products, (6) price-reducing strategies, (7) reducing promotions, (8) alternative distribution pathways, (9) offering a reduced product range and (10) consumer education. Six means showed to "highly" mitigate food losses and waste, whereby five of these exhibit either a "low" or "inconclusive" practical feasibility. Alternative distribution pathways as well as price-reducingstrategies are frequently applied means by retailers and hold a "moderate" practical feasibility. Yet, the evaluation of means related to the use of packaging was mainly inconclusive, which can to some extent be explained by the lacking evidence and disagreements in previous research. Means like reducing promotions or offering a reduced product range appear to reduce food losses and waste, but stand in conflict with the marketing strategy of retailers and offer only a low practical feasibility. The same holds true for avoiding rejections. In that case, although retail standards are higher than required, these could also mitigate a transfer of waste. One of the key findings is that consumer education occurred to hold great future potential, because it showed to indirectly influence other means considered in this thesis, i.e. consumer understanding and acceptance are crucial for various means. Research concentrating on means tackling food losses and waste is limited, especially with focus on studies examining the (potential) impacts on retailing and suggests considerable research backlog.}, language = {en} } @misc{Ali, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Ali, Md Monsur}, title = {Multi Languages Fake News Detection}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-12762}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {106}, abstract = {News is one type of information that has the potential to influence a large number of people. People have received news since the beginning of time through various birds, short letters, and other means. When newspapers were invented, information was available everywhere on paper. The news is no longer limited to paper-based platforms, thanks to the digitalization of online platforms. The online news platform is now available to read the news in a matter of seconds. As a result, news can easily connect people, and it is being used to spread fake news. Fake news is spread to gain attention for the wrong reasons. Different languages are used in our world to express our thoughts and feelings. There are specific materials for each language. The English language is the most studied topic when it comes to identifying fake news. Data and research resources are few in other languages, hence there is little research done. Of these, Bengali is one of the most widely spoken. Our ultimate goal is to create a tree that contains elements of both English and Bengali. Research on fake news and web scraping was used to get the language news data. Multilingual transformer models m-BERT and xlm-ROBERTa with long text or tokens are used to detect fake news (512 tokens or any token size). The two models were compared using two different datasets (with stop words and the other without) using three different fine-tuning freeze approaches (Freeze, No Freeze, and Freeze Embed). The results show that the dataset with stop words had a somewhat better performance than the dataset omitting stop words. The xlm-RoBERTa model outperforms the m-BERT model in terms of F1-score and accuracy.}, language = {en} } @misc{Demand, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Demand, Victoria Maria}, title = {Effect of the combination of fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis on the functional properties, sensory profile and main allergens of pea protein isolates}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-12700}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {78}, abstract = {With a rising demand of ecological, healthy, safe and appealing protein alternatives, legumes, such as peas (Pisum sativum), become more and more important in the food industry as they can fulfil these demands to provide plant-based protein alternatives. To be successful on the food market, it is important to develop ingredients with no or low allergic potential, good functional properties, and appealing sensory characteristics. Treating pea protein isolates (PPI) with enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) and lactic acid fermentation (F) can result in high-quality protein alternatives. In this study, PPI was hydrolysed for 120 min with three different enzymes (papain, Esperase®, trypsin) in combination with a 24 h lactic acid fermentation (L. plantarum). The treatments were performed either with enzymatic hydrolysis first (HF) or with fermentation first (FH). The molecular weight distribution and the degree of hydrolysis (DH) were analysed to determine the treatment's effect on potential pea allergens. The protein solubility (PS), emulsifying capacity (EC), and foaming properties were investigated. The sensory profile was evaluated by 11 panellists, who ranked the samples by the attributes "plant-like" and "bitter". The FH combination samples with Esperase® and trypsin did not apparently show potential allergen fractions. The highest degree of hydrolysis of combined treatments was obtained by the HF_Esperase® sample (10.76 \%), whereas FH_papain showed the lowest (3.92 \%). The protein solubility was improved by all samples that were hydrolysed. At pH 7.0, HF_Esperase® increased the protein solubility up to 67.28 \% and the only fermented PPI showed the lowest (10.72 \%). At pH 4.5, FH_Esperase® showed the highest protein solubility (66.55 \%) and the fermented PPI the lowest (5.72 \%). The highest emulsifying capacity was reached by the untreated PPI (730 mL/g), whereas the lowest was reached by HF_Esperase®. The highest foaming capacity was shown by FH_trypsin (2575 \%) and the lowest by the fermented PPI (808 \%). The most stable foam was built by the untreated PPI (77 \%); any of the samples treated with Esperase® and trypsin were not able to form a stable foam. The most "bitter" sample was FH_Esperase® and the least was FH_papain. The untreated PPI was rated the most "plant like", whereas FH_trypsin was rated the least "plant like". Overall, the combination of EH and F changed the molecular weight distribution of the PPI, apparently degrading the potential pea allergens. The combinations of the treatments showed good functional properties and reduced pea characteristic flavour. The chosen enzyme as well as treatment conditions and sequence should be considered to develop high quality PPI ingredients.}, language = {en} } @misc{AjitkumarShah, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Ajitkumar Shah, Karan}, title = {Development of Decision-making Model for Cost Optimization of Heat Exchanger on the Basis of Spreadsheet Programs}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-9114}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {62}, abstract = {The current advancements in the field of heat exchangers have expanded their range of applications in many industries. The most important factor while investing in the heat exchanger is sizing them for a particular application. The sizing of a shell and tube heat exchanger is always a challenge, often causing customers to invest in either an oversized or undersized heat exchanger. The purpose of this study is to solve the customer's conundrum of investing in an appropriate size shell and tube heat exchanger. The objectives of this study were (a) to develop and implement a spreadsheet program for optimization of overall heat transfer coefficient of shell and tube heat exchanger, (b) to determine profitability analysis using the Net Present Value (NPV) method, (c) to analyse the price sensitivity using the Monte Carlo simulation. The iteration and optimization are based on Kern's method. The user defines the process parameters such as the temperature of hot and cold streams, mass flow rates and fluid densities. The user also assumes the tube related properties. The final sizing of the shell side is determined along with Reynolds number and pressure losses on the shell and tube side. The pressure losses are then converted into the operating cost of the heat exchanger to determine NPV. The Monte Carlo simulation calculates 1000 different NPVs for a given scenario, thus facilitating the user's crucial decision-making process. This study is probably a first instance to combine preliminary sizing of the shell and tube heat exchanger with price sensitivity analysis using the Monte Carlo method.}, language = {en} } @misc{Koch, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Koch, Kerstin}, title = {How to communicate UX requirements? Guidelines based on a systematic literature review and interview study}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8843}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {143}, abstract = {This thesis addresses the question of a suitable way to communicate user requirements to an interdisciplinary team. UX professionals are responsible for communicating user needs and UX requirements in a clear and understandable way so that other team members such as software developers can work in a user-centric way. The thesis examines known forms of requirements specification and identifies possible challenges in communicating user needs with the help of a systematic literature review. Based on design patterns, possible solutions for these problems are developed. In an interview study, these solution proposals are compared with real scenarios and adapted. As a result, the thesis presents nine guidelines that UX professionals can use to communicate user requirements. The idea is to promote a good exchange with the other team members and suitable, short forms of specification. A key point was that these should always convey a reason or the user's motivation for a requirement to provide meaningful context information to those who have never been in touch with the user.}, language = {en} } @misc{Taduri, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Taduri, Ajay Kumar}, title = {Meso-FE Modeling of Woven Fabric to Establish the Effects of Frictional Contact between Yarns}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-5931}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {109}, abstract = {Meso scale modeling has enormous impact on outcome of final composite material. For better understanding, immense research is carried, and state of the art literature review is presented in this thesis. For geometric modeling, a meso scale model of 2x2 Twill weave pattern is imported from TexGen software. Hypo elastic constitutive model is developed for material modeling of the yarn. Inter-yarn frictional behavior is thoroughly analyzed to explore the effects of different frictional models and contact types, to produce a cost-effective process on the outcome of final composite product. For an efficient investigation, a meso-finite elemental analysis is performed by replicating picture frame test virtually in Abaqus/Explicit solver. Suitable contact formulation and multiple friction models are used to input the frictional parameters on meso scale model. Finally, the simulation results are then validated by comparing between corresponding contact algorithms and frictional models. Objective of this thesis: The main objective is to determine the mechanical properties, concentrating on effects of friction of a Twill pattern weave by performing virtual simulations by replicating picture frame test (PFT). Solution process: Adequate literature research is accomplished for better understanding of concepts of simulation. In material modeling, hypo elastic material is defined for material properties is imported through VUMAT. Multiple frictional models, including VFRIC and VFRICTION are added to the model to define frictional behavior. In-plane shear deformations are calculated by numerical simulations virtually in Abaqus/Explicit solver and then results are examined. Key Results: Satisfied simulation results are obtained as expected. The frictional behavior between yarns is sensitive to contact algorithms and friction models, and quality of material modeling. The shear locking phenomenon is captured beyond 55-degree shear angle and observed that regardless of value of coefficient of friction yarns, the type of frictional models influences simulation results and force values.}, language = {en} } @misc{KC, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {K C, Manoj}, title = {Material uses of nut and other fruit shells}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8755}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {108}, abstract = {This review paper focused on the potential uses of nut and fruit shells. Based on the information from several kinds of literature, the composition of nut and fruit shells were studied, and the shells demonstrated the possibility to produce a wide range of materials such as bio-adsorbent like activated carbon; construction materials like concrete block, earth block, bricks, cement, etc.; and bio-composites like WPC, bio-plastic, etc. Besides these antimicrobials, drugs, insecticides, nanoparticles, and impact-resistant materials could be prepared from nut and fruit shells. Moreover, the production process for these materials was explained in the later part of the paper. Also, the yield, cost, and performance of materials prepared from nut and fruit shells were discussed and found that some of the products were as good as commercially available materials. The environmental impact being one of the important parts, materials from nut and fruit shells had a beneficial impact on nature. However, the entire life cycle assessment suggested that better techniques are required to attain a lower negative impact on the ecosystem. Since nut and fruit shells were the easy and low-cost raw material, they had a greater chance of replacing other expensive, non-environment-friendly raw materials and their products. Overall, this research shed light on the material use of nut and fruit shells along with its benefits; production process; material yield, cost, and performance; with possible implications and recommendations that can lead to better utilization of biological resources.}, language = {en} } @misc{Jang, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Jang, Harim}, title = {Data visualisation platform for individuals}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8558}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {67}, abstract = {Various companies have been collecting people's digital footprint by offering free digital services to them. People are aware of it vaguely, it is difficult for them to see what actually the companies have or its value. According to the General Data Protection Regulation, finally, individuals can request their collected data from the companies. Nevertheless, the data has been offered as machine-readable files mostly that individuals cannot understand. Thus, a data visualisation application for individuals was designed to improve these problems in this project. The application was built as low fidelity and high fidelity prototypes and tested with 10 participants through remote usability tests to explore its possibility. In the tests, the target users showed their positive interest in the concept and visual design. Consequently, it clearly showed its potential to improve the situation. However, some participants seemed to worry about sharing their data for donating, or unsatisfied with the basic level of data visualisation. To cope with these issues and to have a better effect, some improvement of interface design, additional introduction screens and advanced data visualisation was suggested as a further improvement for the future.}, language = {en} } @misc{EzeobiChris, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Ezeobi-Chris, Chimaobi}, title = {Quantification of carbon rhizodeposition of different biomes and arable crops from above- and below-ground biomass}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {As more global warming data become increasingly available, climate change has become one of today's greatest environmental threats. Terrestrial ecosystem plays an essential part in the uptake of "greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as Nitrous oxide (N2O), Methane (CH4) and Carbon dioxide (CO2)" through photosynthetic sequestration of atmospheric CO2 released from fossil fuel emission, cement manufacturing and deforestation. Rhizodeposits is the released carbon from the root rhizosphere containing a large amount of carbon, essential nutrients and organic compounds. This process is known as rhizodeposition and is often quantified as carbon derived from rhizodeposition (CdfR). This thesis aims to review selected existing literature on above and below-ground biomass carbon (AGB-C and BGB-C) inputs which were used to quantify the carbon sequestration of rhizodeposits in the below-ground biomass (BGB) of different terrestrial ecosystem biomes in the world and to know where the carbon sequestration is lacking the most. Measurement of rhizodeposition in the soil is mostly carried out in the laboratory involving the use of tracing root-derived C by isotopic and non-isotopic techniques, but in this thesis, about 60 papers from different sources were reviewed, and data on above- and below-ground biomass carbon were collected to quantify the C rhizodeposition in the terrestrial ecosystem biomes. The carbon content of the dry weight biomass was estimated by multiplying the above-ground biomass (AGB) and below-ground biomass (BGB) by 0.45. The C-rhizodeposition from the BGB-C was calculated by multiplying the BGB-C by 0.5. Quantification of global C stored in the biomes, including arable crops, was quantified by multiplying the world land area of different biomes with average AGB-C and BGB-C. The estimated values of the mean, median and range of AGB-C, BGB-C and C-rhizodeposition of different biomes (tropical forest, boreal forest, temperate forest, temperate grassland, tropical grassland) and arable crops were reported in this paper. The global C-storage of above- and below-ground of different biomes and arable crops were also quantified. The values were 210, 116, 93, 7.4, 47.2 in Gt C for the tropical forest, boreal forest, temperate forest, temperate grassland, tropical grassland, and 2.4 Gt C for below-ground arable crops only. Even though the comparison between these ecosystems might be an issue because different methods were used in evaluating the above- and below-ground vegetations plant, which in turn can influence the final quantity of C allocated in above- and below-ground biomass, the findings from this thesis for the biomes show that tropical forest has the highest C stored below ground while arable crops have the least.}, language = {en} } @misc{CastroRojas, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Castro Rojas, Diego Fernando}, title = {Participatory Virtual Reality. Immersion and presence in digital platforms for serious topics.}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Energy is one of the most important components of our lives. Nevertheless, it is still considered an abstract concept for a great majority of the population. Energy is also responsible for most of the environmental problems we are facing nowadays, therefore, we require more than ever, and by any necessary means, to bring this concept closer to our daily life, not only from a dimension of knowledge, also from those related to our behavior and attitude towards it. This study aims to explore Virtual Reality social platforms as a promising means of communication to address environmental issues. More specifically, to understand their potential to generate participation cultures around serious issues, understanding participation culture as the set of activities, through which people collectively shape a space for expression and learning. For this purpose, a research was conducted analyzing three Virtual Reality social apps (VRChat, Rec Room, and AltSpaceVR) to identify —under the perspective of Jenkins' Convergence Culture— the existing activities and behaviors shaping participatory cultures inside of the platforms. A second research was conducted based on the observation of the main components of the platforms to use them as a reference for the conceptual development of a VR app to present the strategic plan of the European Commission in a participatory environment.}, language = {en} } @misc{SamuelVarghese, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Samuel Varghese, Bitty}, title = {Development of a Self Learning Agent to control a Gas Network Simulator}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-8025}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {88}, abstract = {Natural gas is an indispensable source of energy for industrial and domestic purposes, hence distribution and trade demands competition. In gas distribution, optimizing is a crucial task involving control decision on the network elements with respect to trader's demand at the boundary nodes. The application of artificial intelligence is becoming popular in diverse domains, making its role in gas transport networks more and more interesting. The opposite interest of the players in the network is the reason behind the thought of establishing a game analogy here. The agents as players act on the basis of the opponent's action. Since both agents perform actions from different space, a neural network model is designed for the dispatcher agent to learn to make decisions for active elements based on its experience from the sample gas transport network. Behavior of the network and its elements is depicted using an optimized gas network simulator. The representation of the gas transport network and its state is digitally transformed so that it is able to extract the features by an artificial neural network representing the environment and its rules. With the help of the trained neural network, the dispatcher agent decides the control decisions with less accumulated penalties. The results and findings of the proposed method are subjected to a comparison with the interval halving method. The results of the study will open the door for further research possibilities.}, language = {en} } @misc{Ghimire, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Ghimire, Dikshant}, title = {Assessment of the Impact of lockdown on PM 2.5 emission in Nepal}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Air pollution has been one of the main concerns for Nepal for a very long and PM2.5 is one of the most neglected air pollutants in Nepal. Nepal is among the countries most affected by both indoor and outdoor PM2.5 pollution in the world. This thesis is based on the recent lockdown that happened in Nepal during the pandemic of COVID-19 in 2020. This study investigates the impact of lockdown on PM2.5 emission based on the assessment of emission inventories. The annual data for PM2.5 emission was extracted from EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) and then the extrapolation was done to calculate the assumed PM2.5 emission for 2019 and 2020 using linear regression. The assumed nationwide monthly emission ercentage was used to calculate the PM2.5 emission during lockdown months. The PM2.5 sources affected during the lockdown were identified and their assumed percentage contribution (6.18\%) was used to calculate the emission during lockdown month. The ambient air PM2.5 concentration data was extracted from the official websites of the government of Nepal. The lockdown months were compared with the preceding year's same month and the percentage change was calculated. The study suggested that in 2020 the PM2.5 emission rate for April was reduced by 4.68\% and for May it was reduced by 4.85\% whereas during an assumed 'no lockdown' year, all the months would have had an increase in PM2.5 emission by ~1.6\%. The concentration of PM2.5 for March was educed by 14.65\%, similarly, for April it was reduced by 13.96\% and for May it was reduced by 50.92\%. The comparison of the percentage change of both the PM2.5 emission and concentration shows that the decrease in concentration was much higher compared to the reduction in emission due to the lockdown. The monthly assessment of PM2.5 during the lockdown suggested that the percentage change in emission of PM2.5 was minor compared to the change in the concentration of PM2.5 which might be due to different reasons including meteorology, underestimation of the contribution of some emission sectors by the emission inventories and the fact that the emission inventories are set up for the whole country whereas the PM2.5 concentration data are collected with monitoring stations located in cities close to major PM2.5 sources.}, language = {en} } @misc{Shrestha, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Shrestha, Manjil}, title = {Development of a Language Model for Medical Domain}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-7405}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {141}, abstract = {Language models are widely used as a representation of written language in various machine learning tasks, with the most commonly used model being Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT). It was shown that the prediction quality strongly benefits from language model pre-training on domain-specific data. The publicly available models, though are always trained on Wikipedia, news or legal data, thereby missing the domain specific knowledge about medical terms. In this thesis, we will train a BERT language model on medical data and compare performance with domain-unspecific language models. The dataset used for this purpose is the Non-technical Summaries - International Statistical Classification of Diseases (NTS-ICD) task of classification of animal experiment descriptions into International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD) categories.}, language = {en} } @misc{Maharjan, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Maharjan, Shirish}, title = {Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Particulate Matter (PM) concentration in Nepal's ambient air}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-6881}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {112}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed the lives of every human being in most of the countries in the world. Lockdown has been implemented in many countries to prevent the virus from spreading. Lockdown has prohibited people to go outside of their houses, closed industries and factories, and restricted air transportation and the free movement of vehicles, except emergency vehicles and flights. On the optimistic side, improvements in ambient air quality due to the lockdown have been reported across the world. This study evaluated ambient air quality by analyzing the PM2.5 concentrations monitored in 7 major cities of Nepal during March, April, and May of the years 2019 and 2020. Furthermore, meteorological data were also evaluated to investigate how meteorological conditions have affected Nepal's ambient air quality during the investigation period. The monthly mean PM2.5 concentrations during March, April, and May 2020 were found to be lower in nearly all of the 7 cities of Nepal as compared to March, April, and May 2019. To some extent, a slightly higher amount of precipitation in March-May 2020 than during March-May 2019 supressed the ambient PM2.5 concentrations in 2020. But, since the highest decrease in PM2.5 concentration was found in Nepalgunj (72.78\%) followed by Kathmandu (46.2\%) during May 2020 as compared to May 2019 and thus, the highest differences between 2019 and 2020 were found for the cities with the highest contribution of transport emissions to PM2.5 in ambient air, the COVID-19 lockdown might have contributed to the lower PM2.5 concentrations in 2020. On the other hand, it can be assumed that one of the major primary sources of PM2.5, biomass burning (both the residential use and natural forest fires), was not affected by the lockdown, but biomass burning might be the reason for the increment of PM2.5 concentrations found at some sites, in particular in the Kathmandu Valley, and for the only subtle decrease at other sites during the lockdown. In essense, though it is an unfortunate situation, the lockdown provided a glimpse of the situation how effective improvements in the environmental conditions could be if we were to introduce large scale mitigation measures swiftly. Keywords: COVID-19; Lockdown; Air Pollution; Nepal; PM2.5 Concentration; Meteorological Data}, language = {en} } @misc{Mulani, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Mulani, Arshad}, title = {Modelling and Multi-Objective Optimization of a Building Heating Generation System: A case study of Hechingen, Germany}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Nowadays, the world is facing major environmental problems such as climate change and energy scarcity. If we consider only European countries, Heating and cooling industry accounts for more than half of the total EU's energy consumption. And about 75\% of the heat is generated by using fossil fuels. Therefore, the major non-renewable energy sources are depleting at the rapid rate and at the same time also producing the climate-changing greenhouse gases. To achieve the climate change objectives, optimised and efficient use of the energy and the decarbonisation of the heating systems are some of the critical steps. The investigation process in this thesis involves the modelling and modifying the case study heating system by using Energy Plus and Design-Builder whole building energy simulation software. It also includes the investigation of the three different possible renewable and non-renewable solutions to optimize the current heating system and analyse their effects in terms of total energy consumption (Gas and Electricity consumption) Economic benefits, environmental and other benefits. With the detail and adequate data inputs modelling and desired modifications has been done to the heating system and the building properties. The annual simulation has been performed to all the three cases and the results have been analysed. The outcome of the analysis of the results shows a significant improvement in overall energy and electricity consumption. Also provides a detailed insight into the total economical investment needed in all three cases and simple payback periods for the investments. And Most importantly the results replicate the environmental benefits such as a considerable reduction in the overall emissions of greenhouse and other toxic gases.}, language = {en} } @misc{Koch, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Koch, Alexander David}, title = {Collective Action Opportunities for Upgrading the Value Chain of Small-scale Wooden Furniture Enterprise in Hawassa, Ethiopia}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-5346}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {143}, abstract = {Ethiopia is challenged with a widening domestic wood supply gap and concurrent rapid population growth. Along with these developments, the population's growing purchasing power is driving the demand for wooden furniture. The majority of this demand is satisfied by small-scale enterprises. Adding to the domestic wood supply uncertainty, such enterprises are exposed to various challenges, such as infrastructural limitations, unfavourable market conditions, weak government support, or skill gaps, thereby hindering their development and often situating them in a subsistent and poor survival state. A development opportunity comes to light when considering that small-scale wooden furniture enterprises are linked to a critical natural resource base, exposed to growing markets, and mostly consist of individuals with an entrepreneurial vision. If guided effectively, this sector has the potential to drive an economic environment of innovative entrepreneurship, create skilful employment, and disseminate propulsive market signals towards wood suppliers. Collective action is a frequently discussed upgrading option for countering development barriers in the context of emerging economies and therefore, is explored as a potential upgrading mechanism. This study aims to develop a potential institutional model of collective action among small-scale enterprises in Hawassa, Ethiopia. The study follows the general procedure of a value chain analysis and frames the collective action model as a potential value chain upgrading strategy. As the target actor is poorly studied, an explorative and descriptive research approach is applied. In-depth interviews were conducted with 54 wooden furniture enterprises to gain insight into their value chain position and condition, cost structures, network ties, as well as challenges. Then, individual enterprises were asked to envision a desired collective action upgrading scenario. Several key informant interviews were also conducted with direct (internal) and indirect (external) value chain actors to forge a holistic value chain structure as well as to triangulate data. The situation for small-scale furniture enterprises was found to be highly unfavourable. The most substantial issue is the limited access to adequate factors of production, especially regarding the production site, physical capital and financial capital. With markets failing to provide these, enterprises were often observed to engage in social network ties with other furniture enterprise to enable access to resources. In addition, the government's role in supporting these enterprises was found to be weak and poorly organized. Access to support services was observed to be obstructed by ethno-centrism as well as a high labour turnover amongst development agents. Promised trainings and access to factors of production were either rarely fulfilled or qualitatively low. To counter these issues, an institutional collective action in the form of a business association is recommended. On the basis of a literature review, empirical evidence on the status quo of the target enterprises, as well as their perception on upgrading scenarios, the study develops a model association, describing its form, purpose, institutional arrangements as well as the characteristics of participating actors and potential members. It is purposed to facilitate stable network ties and act as a collective voice for improving the condition of small-scale furniture producers. It especially serves to lower transaction costs with authoritative entities, supports the access to improved business development services, such as microfinances or trainings, and advocates for improved market conditions. In the long run, the association will help small-scale enterprises collectively develop into innovative and resource efficient businesses, thereby driving and improving local forest-based markets.}, language = {en} } @misc{Bhatti, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Bhatti, Saad Ali}, title = {Investigating the possibilities of AC GMA welding for in-situ alloying in additive manufacturing}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Additive manufacturing is a transformative approach of building 3D objects by layer-upon-layer method, adding digital flexibility and efficiency into the industrial production process. Different categories of materials such as plastics, metals, concrete, etc., can be used for Additive Manufacturing. At present, WAAM (Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing) is of high interest for many industries, as it allows creating large-scaled metallic components of moderate complexity with high density and good mechanical properties. In this master's Thesis, the capabilities of Gas Metal Arc (GMA) welding for in-situ alloying in multi-material WAAM are being investigated. A 6-axis FD-V6 welding robot by OTC Daihen along with Welbee W400 power supply was used to produce weldments both, with alternating current (AC), as well as pulsed direct current (DC). Two of Photron's High-Frequency cameras were used to investigate the process behavior. An All-in-one oscilloscope, Yokogawa DL850E ScopeCorder, was used to record the voltage and current signals. Single-layer, straight weldments were made to investigate the impact of different welding parameters over the weld seam shape and deposition rate. Later, the setup was extended to induce cold wire to change the chemical composition of the weld seams by in-situ alloying. Therefore, a clamp with adjustable angle, height, and distance was created to position the cold wire feeder along with the GMA welding nozzle. Cross-sections of weldments were taken to extract geometrical information related to the weld seam. In the end, combined experiments were done to investigate the process capabilities of generating weld seams of equal shape but different chemical composition by changing the wire feed speeds and the process parameters. This was the fundamental step for making the process ready for multi-material additive manufacturing. To demonstrate the process performance, two multi-material demonstrator components have been manufactured at the end of the thesis.}, language = {en} } @misc{Khalifeh, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Khalifeh, Amro}, title = {Analysis of the Perceived Effectiveness of Design Sprints in Corporations: A Study Based on Qualitative Interviews with Practitioners from Startups and Large Enterprises}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {Purpose — The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the perceived effectiveness of the Design Sprint process according to practitioners in the field, and investigate optimal contexts of use as well as the limitations of the process. Design/Methodology — A qualitative study based on interviews conducted with eleven practitioners from startups and large enterprises. Data from the interviews were analyzed, interpreted, and related to the existing literature in order to answer the research questions. Findings — The hypotheses regarding the effectiveness of Design Sprint and its role in enabling efficient and effective decision-making were validated by the eleven practitioners who took part in the research. Additionally, patterns regarding optimal contexts of use of Design Sprint were identified, namely kickstarting product development initiatives and creating innovative solutions, as well as limitations of Design Sprint such as its limited use for exploring the problem space of challenge. Limitations — The research is limited by the small number of eleven participants and the lack of quantitative data. Practical Implications — The study provides useful information to researchers as well as practitioners enabling them to understand the effectiveness of Design Sprint in real-world contexts. The data from this research can be used to further investigate the topic of Design Sprint in the literature while providing practitioners with insights to help them decide in which contexts it would be best to deploy Design Sprint and gain internal support for using Design Sprint. Originality/Value — This is the first qualitative research that investigates the effectiveness of Design Sprint and academically validates its claims of value. Keywords — Design Sprint, product development, innovation, process}, language = {en} } @misc{Oyewole, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Oyewole, Oluwabusayomi}, title = {Conversational design: the use of chatbot as an electoral information dissemination tool}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-4294}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {98}, abstract = {A steady decline in voter turnout has been recorded in many democratic countries, with young people (i.e Gen Z and Millennials) identified as a significant portion of those who don't vote. Research has shown that one of the reasons young people do not vote is a lack of information about the electoral process, candidates and policies. Studies have also shown that preferred information dissemination medium is aligned across age groups, with older people trusting old media such as newspapers and young people leaning towards new media such as social media. With the recent advancement in machine learning, natural language interface and popularity of conversational agents such as chatbots, a new subset of new media has emerged. This study aims to investigate if chatbots could be an efficient medium for young people to access electoral information. It does this by comparing it with a website, using the EU electoral page as a case study. Based on the content of the EU electoral webpage, a chatbot was designed, trained and deployed on Telegram. Participants were randomly divided into two experimental groups (chatbot and website) and asked to find a list of crucial information, interact with the medium and then respond to the System usability scale (SUS), and a perception questionnaire. Observed data and interview notes were also taken. Analysis of the experimental data, observed data and surveys demonstrated that chatbot as a tool is inefficient as an electoral information tool because of the limitation of chatbot when out of scope questions are asked and limitation in following conversation contexts which is crucial to conversations. However, it is rated as above average on usability and joy of use, but raises questions on trust and data protection. It is recommended that the study be performed again when there are more advances to natural language processing to see if its efficiency as an electoral information medium will improve. A longitudinal study is also recommended to see if there's a direct impact of chatbots as a tool, on young people's motivation to vote.}, language = {en} } @misc{Gron, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Gron, Alisa}, title = {A comparison of the impact between recorded and classic cooking recipes employing user experience research methods}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-3937}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {63}, abstract = {This research focuses on measuring learning curves from different people while they cook with the aid from various media channels. For such purpose profile inquiries, face-to-face interviews, self-recorded assignments, and classification tests will be used. The analysis of the results intends to derive into good practices of e-learning media design.}, subject = {Self-education}, language = {en} } @misc{Bhadouria, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Bhadouria, Devashu}, title = {Synagoge of Kleve - Interactive experience in the reconstructed Synagogue of Kleve}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-4195}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {56}, abstract = {This documentation within the context of my master thesis is about my virtual reality installation called "Synagogue of Kleve". The installation deals with the reconstruction of tangible cultural heritage in virtual reality. The installation is conceptualized to be shown in the cultural heritage institutions, including museums and historical sites in which the visitors explore the synagogue of Kleve, Germany. The result is an installation that shows the synagogue in old times, and that strives to get people interested in the history of the synagogue with the help of virtual reality that features an interactive storytelling experience.}, language = {en} } @misc{Shaji, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Shaji, Anith}, title = {The Implementation and Enhancement of Timesheet Management Process Based on Stored Procedure via .NET}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-3411}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {81}, abstract = {Stored Procedures perform a significant role in the implementation of complex business logic in the database management system. Web-based application systems that handle a large amount of data with complex calculation and transformation rules, they prove to improve the system efficiency, maintainability, data integrity and reliability to a large extent. This research will attempt to enhance a FoxPro based timesheet management system by implementing a web-driven Relational Database Management System with SQL based stored procedure and user-defined functions for faster and efficient data processing. The thesis explores the issues and the processing stages of the current timesheet management process and develops user-friendly responsive intranet online web-application portal with minimal processing steps. That accomplished by writing the processing logic using stored procedures in association with the user-defined table-valued and scalar-valued function in SQL Server and integrating them with Entity Framework three-tier web application architecture in ASP.NET MVC. The final timesheet booking data generated by the stored procedure is modified to a specific format using SpreadsheetLight, an open source spreadsheet library for the .NET framework for uploading the output booking file on SAP Business ByDesign web portal. Outcomes show that using stored procedures in a comprehensive business application can enhance the application performance by lessening the processing time and processing stages.}, language = {en} } @misc{Voss, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Voß, Julia}, title = {The effectiveness of mental practice on novices' basketball free throw performance: Differentiation between external and internal visual imagery}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-3231}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {124}, abstract = {Purpose: The present study aims to investigate the acute effects of mental practice on novices' basketball free throw performance and their motor self-efficacy. Moreover, it is examined whether internal visual imagery combined with kinesthetic elements enhances performance more than external visual imagery. Methods: In order to test the research questions, a sample of 61 participants who are currently not participating in any type of basketball program were assigned to one of the following three conditions with the help of the matched sample method: The internal visual imagery group with kinesthetic elements, the external visual imagery group, and the control group. The experimental interventions with a duration of 15 minutes (mental imagery internal or external or mathematic exercises) followed by physical practice were repeated three times in a row. Consequently, the basketball free throw enhancement was measured via the shot accuracy. The results were compared by using an ANOVA with repeated measurements. Changes in the participants' motor self-efficacy were assessed via a pre- and a post-test of the MOSI (Wilhelm and B{\"u}sch, 2006). Results: Results showed no significant differences between the groups, neither in the performance increase nor in the self-efficacy. Conclusion: The current study can serve as a reference point to avoid overestimating the effectiveness of mental practice. Findings are discussed in terms of possible explanations and hints for future research are given.}, language = {en} } @misc{Franzaring, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Franzaring, Imke}, title = {Predicting Plasma Donation Intention Using an Extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {The urgent need for plasma and its components is increasing rapidly all over the world. This is due to demographic changes, which bring about an imbalance between eligible donors and possible future recipients. Hence, these changes pose a great challenge in meeting the demand for plasma and plasma-derived products in the future. As plasma cannot be synthesized, recipients depend on voluntary plasma donors. In order to ensure a sufficient supply of plasma considering the ongoing process of aging population, it is crucial to understand why people engage in donation behavior and which factors influence their decision to maintain the donor career. The current study investigates the determinants of plasma donation intention using an extended version of the theory of planned behavior. As the study is conducted in cooperation with Octapharma Plasma GmbH, a subsidiary of one of the largest worldwide operating providers for plasma preparations, the analysis is based on the company's donors only. By using an online questionnaire, data of N = 1153 plasma donors is surveyed in order to examine the hypotheses. Multiple hierarchical regressions reveal significant predictors for plasma donation intention for all donors combined and also for both first-time and repeat plasma donors. Across all donor stages, self-efficacy turns out to be the predominant predictor for future donation intention. Moreover, the satisfaction with the last donation influences all groups of plasma donors in their decision of career maintenance. Therefore, organizations should pay attention to these components, developing strategies to enhance both donors' self-efficacy and donation satisfaction.}, language = {en} } @misc{Nawaz, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Nawaz, Muhammad Ahsan}, title = {Automatic Classification of a Customer's Vertical Market by Using Text Mining}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {The German logistics company Schenker AG categorizes its customers into so-called vertical markets. For instance; category "Automotive" is assigned to car manufacturer BMW AG. The classification allows the company to evaluate its revenue and profits on different customer segments which, in turn, has an impact on Schenker's strategic planning. Until now the assignment is carried out manually which means that someone from sales department should perform some research on a customer's public profile whenever a new customer is registered in the database. With the rapid growth of global trade in recent years and Schenker's expansion to the Asian market with thousands of new customers the manual approach is no longer sustainable in a global market. This thesis provides an alternative solution based on scraping customer data available in the web and classification of the extracted content. We deal with three significant difficulties: find web data related to a given customer name (we do have a company name but no homepage URL in Schenker database), extract a predictive portion of the data without introducing too much noise and, finally, set up a classification algorithm. Most importantly, the whole process needs to be implemented automatically. For the classification task, we have identified two tree-based classification algorithms random forest and extreme gradient boosting (xgboost). Random forest performs better by using package ranger with an overall 52\% accuracy and 87.8\% multiclass area under the curve. On the other hand, xgboost takes less time to compute, but the accuracy is poor as compared to random forest.}, subject = {Text classification}, language = {en} } @misc{Mahanta, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Mahanta, Arindam}, title = {Workflow optimization based on testing of an industrial control application, within a model-based development environment}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {This Master's thesis was written in cooperation with Jungheinrich Moosburg AG \& CO. KG as a part of its development of counterbalance forklift trucks with hydrostatic drivetrain. The work in this thesis aims in optimizing the current model-based development workflow of the application software in the context of testing. The failure or malfunction of the drive- or service-hydraulics of a counter- balanced forklift truck is inevitably linked to the endangerment of human life. This calls for ensuring the functional correctness of the entire system throughout the development process. Both in the hardware and software quality assurance, the goal is always to reduce the risk of errors to an acceptable level. Within the scope of the development of automotive control applications, dynamic testing in the form of Model-in-the-Loop (MiL) simulations plays an important role. At this point, the selection of proper test cases is crucial, and to address this point, application of systematic test design techniques and testing methods have been studied as a part of this work. In terms of quality assurance for embedded software, model-based testing enables systematic and effective testing at a relatively low cost. In model-based testing, the test cases in whole or in parts, are generated from the developed model that describes the functional aspects of the system under test (SUT). Both black- box and white-box testing methods have been studied for this work. For black- box testing, test design techniques as the combinatorial testing and classification tree method have been applied and evaluated. The designed test cases have been imported and applied to the SUT in MATLAB/Simulink. A workflow for carrying out the unit testing is proposed and a framework is developed for automating the unit testing process. This thesis aims to provide a road map for effective unit testing through the application of established testing techniques. The application of these techniques have demonstrated their effectiveness in detecting and evaluating potential errors in the software units. Suggestions for improvements in the line of achieving complete automation for the testing process have also been pointed out.}, language = {en} } @misc{Hoernschemeyer, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {H{\"o}rnschemeyer, Heike}, title = {Development of a Usability Capability Self-Assessment Tool for Improvement and Monitoring of Human-Centred Design in Small and Medium-Sized Companies}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-2433}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {86}, abstract = {Usability is an important quality aspect of software products. Today, companies need to be capable to develop software with good usability to stay competitive. This can be achieved by practicing human-centred design (HCD) during the development process. However, especially small and medium-sized software enterprises (SMEs) still practice HCD on a low level, if at all. This thesis explores whether and how the approach of process capability assessment can support SMEs with a systematic improvement of HCD. It is shown that a process capability assessment for usability at SMEs can only be successful, when the first steps of initiating HCD are al-ready done. Then, a process assessment approach seems to be useful to systematically improve the usability capability at SMEs. Based on this theoretical background, a usability capability self-assessment tool tailored for SMEs is developed. It has a simplified assessment procedure and uses the DIN EN ISO 9241-220 as reference model. The self-assessment tool was applied at two German software SMEs to test whether the approach is useful for SMEs and whether the reference model is suitable. The results indicate that the usability self-assessment tool is a promising approach for future SMEs as several interesting applications were identified. The chosen reference model seems to be an appropriate choice for a self-assessment; only the complex language used in the standard impedes the assessment. All in all, the thesis lays the foundation for a systematic approach to support SMEs with usability.}, language = {en} } @misc{Roechert, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {R{\"o}chert, Daniel}, title = {Workload Prediction using Apache Spark and R in a Mainframe Operating System}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, abstract = {This master thesis presents a machine learning approach using the distributed data- processing framework Apache Spark and the programming language R. The aim is to predict the time series of the Appl Percentage (ApplPerc) from the workload manager of the z/OS mainframe system using SMF 72.3 and SMF 70.1 records as input. System Management Facility (SMF) data are binary log files that are used to collect system performance data and information about system behaviour. The SMFs show how Apache Spark can be used for the pre-processing. This includes data collection, data extraction, and data selection. The machine learning algorithms are implemented in R. The input SMF datasets will be split into training and test data, and thereby applied to different machine learning and deep learning models such as random forest regression, recurrent neural network, and k-nearest neighbor regression to predict the ApplPerc. The validation of the prediction models will be proved by using cross-validation techniques to evaluate the best applied parameters for each model and therefore to locate the model with the best performance. The process of data analysis is followed by a data-mining methodology called Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM), which outlines the steps involved in performing the analysis.}, language = {en} } @misc{Benda, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Benda, Mihaly}, title = {Finding an Optimal Duty-cycle for a BCI Speller}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1383-opus4-1577}, school = {Hochschule Rhein-Waal}, pages = {89}, abstract = {In SSVEP BCIs the stimulation frequencies are fixed, but the same cannot be said of duty-cycles. By altering the used duty-cycles the performance and comfortableness of a BCI speller was examined. This study proposes that the most comfortable duty-cycle can often be used without a significant drop in performance, and most of these performance drops can usually be detected prior to the actual spelling. Two different amplification systems were also compared, resulting in no statistically significant difference in performance.}, language = {en} }