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Analysis and Improvement of Engineering Exams Toward Competence Orientation by Using an AI Chatbot
(2024)
ChatGPT is currently one of the most advanced general chatbots. This development leads to diverse challenges in higher education, like new forms of teaching and learning, additional exam methods, new possibilities for plagiarism, and many more topics. On the other side with the development of advanced AI tools, pure knowledge will be less and less important, and demands from industry will change toward graduates with higher competencies. Education has therefore to be changed from knowledge-centered toward competence centered. The goal of this article is to use ChatGPT for analyzing and improving the competence orientation of exams in engineering education. The authors use ChatGPT to analyze exams from different engineering subjects to evaluate the performance of this chatbot and draw conclusions about the competence orientation of the tested exams. The obtained information is used to develop ideas for increasing the competence orientation of exams. From this analysis, it is visible that ChatGPT gives good performance mainly where knowledge is tested. It has, however, much more problems with transfer questions or tasks where students need creativity or complex insights for finding new solutions. Based on this result, exams and also lectures can be optimized toward competence orientation.
Control Oriented Mathematical Modeling of a Bidirectional DC-DC Converter - Part 1: Buck Mode
(2023)
Parallel connection of different batteries equipped with bidirectional DC-DC converters offers an increase of the total storage capacity, the provision of higher currents and an improvement of reliability and system availability. To share the load current among the DC-DC converters while maintaining the safe operating range of the batteries, appropriate controllers are needed. The basis for the design of these control approaches requires knowledge of both the static and dynamic characteristics of the DC-DC converter used. In this paper, the small signal analysis of a DC-DC converter in buck mode is shown using the circuit averaging technique. The paper gives an overview of all required transfer functions:. The control and line to output transfer functions for CCM and DCM relevant for average current mode control as well as for voltage control are derived and their poles and zeros are determined. This provides the basis for stability consideration, analysis of the overall control structure and controller design.
In a distributed system, functionally equivalent nodes work together to form a system with improved availability, reliability and fault tolerance. Thereby, the purpose is to achieve a common control objective. As multiple components cooperate to accomplish tasks, coordination between them is required. Electing a node as the temporary leader can be a possible solution to perform coordination. This work presents a self-stabilizing algorithm for the election of a leader in dynamically reconfigurable bus topology-based broadcast systems with a message and time complexity of O(1). The election is performed dynamically, i.e., not only when the leader node fails, and is criterion-based. The criterion used is a performance related value which evaluates the properties of the node regarding the ability to perform the tasks of the leader. The increased demands on the leader are taken into account and a re-election is started when the criterion value drops below a predefined level. The goal here is to distribute the load more evenly and to reduce the probability of failure due to overload of individual nodes. For improved system availability and reduced fault rates, a management level consisting of leader, assistant and co-assistant is introduced. This reduces the number of required messages and the duration in case of non-initial election. For further reduction of required messages to uniquely determine a leader, the CAN protocol is exploited. The proposed algorithm selects a node with an improved failure rate and a reduced message and hence time complexity while satisfying the safety and termination constraints. The operation of the algorithm is validated using a hardware test setup.
The world is changing rapidly, mainly due to the digitalization of all areas of living. A huge amount of information is accessible via the Internet, and since it is no longer possible for individual humans to keep track of it, artificial intelligence (AI) is analyzing this data. In this rapidly changing world, students have to be educated for a successful career during their whole working life. These boundary conditions lead to completely new challenges for the education of students that are unprecedented in this form. Digitalization in education can help to cope with these challenges but can only be a means, not a goal. Personal interaction with students remains the most important task in education to address individual weaknesses and further develop strengths and talents. With the increasing amount of openly available information and the consequently increasing diversity of experiences within the group of students, differentiation is advancing to become the key to successful education. Digitization can help with this challenging task and support communication between students and their experienced instructors. But computers cannot replace human interaction and attempts to improve teaching efficiency by replacing this communication with electronic means endangers the learning success for complex concepts. This article analyzes education demands and possibilities for digitally supported teaching and learning.
Dieser Bericht entstand auf Initiative der Studierenden des Masterstudiengangs „Elektro- und Informationstechnik (MEI)“, die an der Pflichtlehrveranstaltung „Forschungsmethoden und Seminar (FMS)“ im Wintersemester 2022/23 teilnahmen.
Diese Lehrveranstaltung hat das Ziel, systematisch an das wissenschaftliche Arbeiten, speziell die Wissenschaftskommunikation, heranzuführen.
Daher war geeignete Literatur zu einem individuellen Thema zu recherchieren, Veröffentlichungen auf ihre Relevanz hin zu beurteilen und letztendlich eine eigene Ausarbeitung basierend auf der Literaturrecherche zu erarbeiten und diese in einem Vortrag zu präsentieren.
Parallel dazu erfolgte im Theorieteil die entsprechende Hinführung zu den
verschiedenen Elementen der Wissenschaftskommunikation:
• Bedeutung der Wissenschaftskommunikation für die Arbeit der Ingenieure
in Forschung und Entwicklung
• Literaturrecherche, Suchmaschinen, Sichtung und Analyse vorhandener
Publikationen, Bewertung der Qualität aufgefundener Fachliteratur,
Auswahl geeigneter Materialien für die eigene Arbeit
• Aufbereitung und Darstellung der recherchierten technischer Inhalte
in Form einer seitenanzahlbegrenzten wissenschaftlichen Ausarbeitung
• Einhalten formaler Randbedingungen bzgl. Strukturierung, einschl.
Bildnachweise und Zitationsstile
• Peer-review-Prozess bei wertschätzender Beurteilung der Leistung
anderer
• Publikumsangepasstes Aufbereiten komplexer fachlicher Inhalte mit
hochschulöffentlicher Präsentation der Ergebnisse
• Führen mündlicher wissenschaftlicher Diskurse Nachdem die Masterstudierenden in der Regel über noch keine eigene wissenschaftliche Forschungserfahrung bzw. -inhalte verfügen, lag der
wählbare Schwerpunkt der Literatursuche auf der Bearbeitung von vorgegeben aktuellen technischen oder gesellschaftspolitischen Forschungsthemen.
The professional requirements in Software Engineering have become highly volatile due to the complexities of project development and rapid and innovative changes occurring in the field. Therefore, the development of inter-personal and social competences has gained central importance in the training of software developers. This paper will present a concept allowing to acquire competences by using Case Method and Role Play as instruments in several lectures of Software Engineering. By approaching the issue of competence acquisition on a technical as well as on an educational and social level, life-long learning is facilitated and supported.
The flow of superfluid helium-4 at very low temperatures around an oscillating microsphere has been studied in detail. At small oscillation amplitudes the drag force is linear in velocity amplitude. Above a critical velocity amplitude vc a transition from potential flow to turbulent flow is signaled by a large and nonlinear drag force that scales as (v2 - v2 c ), where vc is found to be independent of temperature (below 1 K) and of driving force. Interestingly, the critical velocity is found to scale as vc ~ √κω, where κ = h/m ≈ 10−7 m2/s (h is Planck's constant and m is the mass of a helium-4 atom) is the circulation quantum of the superfluid vortices and ω/2π is the oscillation frequency ranging from about 120 Hz to 700 Hz. We also observe slightly above vc that the flow pattern is unstable and switches intermittently between potential flow and turbulence. From time series recorded at constant drive and temperature we have investigated the statistical properties of this switching phenomenon. In this talk the universal law vc ~ √κω will be discussed in detail. It can be derived theoretically in various ways: firstly, from a qualitative but very general argument based on the "superfluid Reynolds number" Rs = vl/κ where v is the flow velocity and l is a characteristic length scale, secondly, and in more detail, from Kopnin's equation of the time dependence of the vortex line density, and, finally, we have obtained this law rigorously by dynamical scaling of the equations of motion of vortex dynamics.
Die Transdisziplinarität ist als wichtiger Innovationsmotor in aller Munde, entstehen doch an den Schnittstellen und in den Zwischenräumen der etablierten Wissenschaften neue Ideen und damit die zukünftige Wertschöpfung unserer Industrie. Wir alle wurden in der Welt von gestern sozialisiert, für die meisten Tätigkeiten in der Industrie war tiefes und spezialisiertes Fachwissen essentiell und auch ausreichend. Wir wurden zu Spezialisten ausgebildet und aufgrund dieser Kompetenz in der Arbeitswelt geschätzt und auch auf unsere Professuren berufen. Doch ist dies eine ausreichende Basis, um unsere Absolventinnen und Absolventen auf die neue komplexe Welt ubiquitär verfügbaren und durchsuchbaren Wissens adäquat vorzubereiten? Können wir mit unserem Mindset aus der Vergangenheit die benötigten überfachlichen Kompetenzen für die Zukunft vermitteln? Diese selbstkritische Auseinandersetzung ist schmerzhaft, doch nur durch diese Analyse können wir unsere alten Denkmuster in engen Fachdisziplinen ablegen und zu einem neuen vernetzten Denken für eine zukunftsgerichtete Lehre kommen.
The onset of turbulent flow around an oscillating sphere in superfluid 4He is known to occur at a critical velocity where is the circulation quantum and is the oscillation frequency. But it is also well known that initially in a first up-sweep of the oscillation amplitude, can be considerably exceeded before the transition occurs, thus leading to a strong hysteresis in the velocity sweeps. The velocity amplitude where the transition finally occurs is related to the density of the remanent vortices in the superfluid. Moreover, at temperatures below ca. 0.5 K and in a small interval of velocity amplitudes between and a velocity that is about 2 % larger, the flow pattern is found to be unstable, switching intermittently between potential flow and turbulence. From time series recorded at constant temperature and driving force, the distribution of the excess velocities is obtained and from that the failure rate. Below 0.1 K we also can determine the distribution of the lifetimes of the phases of potential flow. Finally, the frequency dependence of these results is discussed.
The flow of superfluid around a translationally oscillating sphere, levitating without mechanical support, can either be laminar or turbulent, depending on the velocity amplitude. Below a critical velocity that scales as and is temperature independent below 1 K, the flow is laminar (potential flow). Below 0.5 K, the linear drag force is caused by ballistic phonon scattering that vanishes as until background damping, measured in the empty cell, becomes dominant for K. Increasing the velocity amplitude above leads to a transition from potential flow to turbulence, where the large turbulent drag force varies as . In a small velocity interval % above , the flow is unstable below 0.5 K, switching intermittently between both patterns. From time series recorded at constant temperature and driving force, the lifetimes of both phases are analyzed statistically. We observe metastable states of potential flow which, after a mean lifetime of 25 min, ultimately break down due to vorticity created by natural background radioactivity. The lifetimes of the turbulent phases have an exponential distribution, and the mean increases exponentially with . We investigate the frequency at which the vortex rings are shed from the sphere. Our results are compared with recent data of other authors on vortex shedding by moving a laser beam through a Bose-Einstein condensate. Finally, we show that our observed transition to turbulence belongs to the class of "supertransient chaos" where lifetimes of the turbulent states increase faster than exponentially.