Open Access

The eye is often described as the most important human sensory organ. For visually impaired people, this sense is partially or completely absent. An important goal for an inclusive society is to enable visually impaired people to participate in everyday life, such as work and sport. This is why assistance systems are being developed that use or enhance other senses. Technology makes this levelling possible and offers new potential. Climbing represents an excellent example of a manageable but nonetheless challenging hand-eye coordination problem. A visual sensor system is required to localize wall geometry and climbing holds. The most critical step is to present the data in an intuitive and comprehensive way using other senses. Taste and smell do not allow a complete representation of three-dimensional features. The sense of touch is important as soon as the hold is within reach. Spatial hearing offers great potential, but also many challenges, such as the simultaneous acoustic representation of the holds, their distance, and position. The aim of the presented system is to output a synthetically generated signal on headphones in such a way that a hold can be localized as if it were actually emitting a signal.

ChatGPT is currently one of the most advanced general chatbots. This development leads to diverse challenges in higher education, like new forms of teaching and learning, additional exam methods, new possibilities for plagiarism, and many more topics. On the other side with the development of advanced AI tools, pure knowledge will be less and less important, and demands from industry will change toward graduates with higher competencies. Education has therefore to be changed from knowledge-centered toward competence centered. The goal of this article is to use ChatGPT for analyzing and improving the competence orientation of exams in engineering education. The authors use ChatGPT to analyze exams from different engineering subjects to evaluate the performance of this chatbot and draw conclusions about the competence orientation of the tested exams. The obtained information is used to develop ideas for increasing the competence orientation of exams. From this analysis, it is visible that ChatGPT gives good performance mainly where knowledge is tested. It has, however, much more problems with transfer questions or tasks where students need creativity or complex insights for finding new solutions. Based on this result, exams and also lectures can be optimized toward competence orientation.

In a distributed system, functionally equivalent nodes work together to form a system with improved availability, reliability and fault tolerance. Thereby, the purpose is to achieve a common control objective. As multiple components cooperate to accomplish tasks, coordination between them is required. Electing a node as the temporary leader can be a possible solution to perform coordination. This work presents a self-stabilizing algorithm for the election of a leader in dynamically reconfigurable bus topology-based broadcast systems with a message and time complexity of O(1). The election is performed dynamically, i.e., not only when the leader node fails, and is criterion-based. The criterion used is a performance related value which evaluates the properties of the node regarding the ability to perform the tasks of the leader. The increased demands on the leader are taken into account and a re-election is started when the criterion value drops below a predefined level. The goal here is to distribute the load more evenly and to reduce the probability of failure due to overload of individual nodes. For improved system availability and reduced fault rates, a management level consisting of leader, assistant and co-assistant is introduced. This reduces the number of required messages and the duration in case of non-initial election. For further reduction of required messages to uniquely determine a leader, the CAN protocol is exploited. The proposed algorithm selects a node with an improved failure rate and a reduced message and hence time complexity while satisfying the safety and termination constraints. The operation of the algorithm is validated using a hardware test setup.

Dieser Bericht entstand auf Initiative der Studierenden des Masterstudiengangs Elektro- und Informationstechnik (MEI)“, die an der Pflichtlehrveranstaltung „Forschungsmethoden und Seminar (FMS)“ im Wintersemester 2022/23 teilnahmen. Diese Lehrveranstaltung hat das Ziel, systematisch an das wissenschaftliche Arbeiten, speziell die Wissenschaftskommunikation, heranzuführen. Daher war geeignete Literatur zu einem individuellen Thema zu recherchieren, Veröffentlichungen auf ihre Relevanz hin zu beurteilen und letztendlich eine eigene Ausarbeitung basierend auf der Literaturrecherche zu erarbeiten und diese in einem Vortrag zu präsentieren. Parallel dazu erfolgte im Theorieteil die entsprechende Hinführung zu den verschiedenen Elementen der Wissenschaftskommunikation: • Bedeutung der Wissenschaftskommunikation für die Arbeit der Ingenieure in Forschung und Entwicklung • Literaturrecherche, Suchmaschinen, Sichtung und Analyse vorhandener Publikationen, Bewertung der Qualität aufgefundener Fachliteratur, Auswahl geeigneter Materialien für die eigene Arbeit • Aufbereitung und Darstellung der recherchierten technischer Inhalte in Form einer seitenanzahlbegrenzten wissenschaftlichen Ausarbeitung • Einhalten formaler Randbedingungen bzgl. Strukturierung, einschl. Bildnachweise und Zitationsstile • Peer-review-Prozess bei wertschätzender Beurteilung der Leistung anderer • Publikumsangepasstes Aufbereiten komplexer fachlicher Inhalte mit hochschulöffentlicher Präsentation der Ergebnisse • Führen mündlicher wissenschaftlicher Diskurse Nachdem die Masterstudierenden in der Regel über noch keine eigene wissenschaftliche Forschungserfahrung bzw. -inhalte verfügen, lag der wählbare Schwerpunkt der Literatursuche auf der Bearbeitung von vorgegeben aktuellen technischen oder gesellschaftspolitischen Forschungsthemen.

The flow of superfluid helium-4 at very low temperatures around an oscillating microsphere has been studied in detail. At small oscillation amplitudes the drag force is linear in velocity amplitude. Above a critical velocity amplitude vc a transition from potential flow to turbulent flow is signaled by a large and nonlinear drag force that scales as (v2 - v2 c ), where vc is found to be independent of temperature (below 1 K) and of driving force. Interestingly, the critical velocity is found to scale as vc ~ √κω, where κ = h/m ≈ 10−7 m2/s (h is Planck's constant and m is the mass of a helium-4 atom) is the circulation quantum of the superfluid vortices and ω/2π is the oscillation frequency ranging from about 120 Hz to 700 Hz. We also observe slightly above vc that the flow pattern is unstable and switches intermittently between potential flow and turbulence. From time series recorded at constant drive and temperature we have investigated the statistical properties of this switching phenomenon. In this talk the universal law vc ~ √κω will be discussed in detail. It can be derived theoretically in various ways: firstly, from a qualitative but very general argument based on the "superfluid Reynolds number" Rs = vl/κ where v is the flow velocity and l is a characteristic length scale, secondly, and in more detail, from Kopnin's equation of the time dependence of the vortex line density, and, finally, we have obtained this law rigorously by dynamical scaling of the equations of motion of vortex dynamics.