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Drohnen werden inzwischen in vielen und sehr unterschiedlichen Kon-texten verwendet. Aus dem Blickwinkel der Technikfolgenabschätzung (TA) scheint es daher sinnvoll, den Umfang der momentanen und zu-künftigen Nutzung von Drohnen und daraus resultierende Implikatio-nen näher zu beleuchten und eine Bestandsaufnahme durchzuführen. Darüber hinaus sollen die voraussichtlichen Pfade der weiteren Tech-nikentwicklung, relevante Akteure und deren Interessenslage sowie zu-künftige Anwendungspotenziale und Einsatzfelder analysiert werden
This study examines attitudes toward assisted reproductive technologies (ART) among immigrant women and non-migrants in Germany. The social relevance of ART is increasing in Western countries due to overall low birth rates, a high rate of childlessness, and a gap between the desired and the actual numbers of children. Previous literature has been scarce, however, on attitudes toward ART, and immigrant minorities have rarely been included in studies on ART.
Our working hypotheses are drawn from theoretical considerations on political socialisation and cultural integration. The analysis is based on data collected in a pilot study in 2014 and 2015. The sample includes 960 women aged 18 to 50 living in Germany. About 81 percent of the sample are immigrants who originate from Turkey, Poland, the Balkan countries, or countries of the (Russian) Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). We study the social norm to use ART to have a child, the personal attitude of whether a woman would use ART herself, and the methods that they would consider for their own use.
Our results show that ART is overall socially acceptable, and the majority of women said that they would use it if necessary. There is significant variation between the origin groups, however. Non-migrants show the lowest acceptance rates and migrants from Poland and Turkey the highest approval. There is also variation in the ART procedures considered for use with the migrants more approving of heterologous methods than non-migrants. The differences between the origin groups diminish only partly when controlling for further explanatory variables, i.e. gender-role attitudes, religiosity, and socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents.
We conclude that attitudes toward ART are shaped less by socio-demographic characteristics, but rather by cultural factors and the socialization in the migrants' countries of origin. The diversity in attitudes toward ART by cultural background should be acknowledged in research and public discourses on ART as well as in regulating policies.
A new approach to coat PA12 powders with laser-generated nanoparticles for selective laser sintering
(2018)
The modification of selective laser sintering (SLS) powder materials by nanoadditives offers the possibility to adapt the powder properties to the laser sintering process or the resulting part properties. To avoid agglomeration of the nanofiller, a new approach in which surfactant-free laser-generated colloidal nanoparticles are adsorbed onto the polymer surface directly in an aqueous solution is demonstrated. Based on this novel approach, polyamide 12 (PA12) powders are decorated with metal and oxide nanoparticles and processed via SLS. Electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning imaging are utilized to analyze the dispersion of the filler.
Die Operationalisierung von »Behinderung« steht vor mehrfachen Herausforderungen: Sie muss Kriterien definieren, die Verknüpfung mit sozialrechtlichen Institutionen reflektieren und beantwortbar sein – insbesondere gilt dies für Surveys, die Menschen mit unterschiedlichen Behinderungen adressieren. Basierend auf einer Analyse bestehender Lösungsstrategien fokussiert der Beitrag die Perspektive einer lebensweltangemessenen Erhebung. Dazu wurden innerhalb von Fokusgruppen und Einzelerhebungen mit Jugendlichen mit Behinderungen die Dimensionen Schwerbehindertenausweis, Selbstbild, Funktionen und Einschränkungen, Klassifikationen in Anlehnung an medizinisch-diagnostische Begriffe, die Nutzung von Hilfsmitteln sowie das Erleben von Barrieren bearbeitet. Diskutiert werden daraufhin die Reaktionen und Wünsche der Jugendlichen zur Erfassung von »Behinderung«, die Beantwortbarkeit der jeweiligen Dimensionen sowie Zusammenhänge im Sinne eines empirisch differenzierten Modells von Behinderung. Der Beitrag schließt mit einem Hinweis auf aussichtsreiche Kombinationen von Dimensionen in der Operationalisierung sowie mit einem Plädoyer für den Erkenntnisgewinn mehrdimensionaler Erhebungen von »Behinderung«.
Development trends for computing platforms moved from increasing the frequency of a single processor to increasing the parallelism with multiple cores on the same die. Multiple cores have strong potential to support cost-efficient fault tolerance due to their inherent spatial redundancy. This work makes a step towards software-only fault tolerance in the presence of permanent and transient hardware faults. Our approach utilizes software-based spatial triple modular redundancy and coded processing on a shared memory multi-core controller. We evaluate our approach on an Infineon AURIX TriBoard TC277 and provide experimental evidence for error resistance by fault injection campaigns with an iSystem iC5000 On-chip Analyzer.
Adding experts’ perceptions to complement existing research on information systems backsourcing
(2018)
This paper extends the existing literature on information systems (IS) backsourcing by the perception of practitioners.
For this purpose, we conducted a series of qualitative, semistructured interviews with IS sourcing experts. The interview questions focused on the participants’ perceptions and experiences with the topic, on identifying reasons for and against IS backsourcing, and on revealing relevant trends pertinent to IS backsourcing. We then compared those
findings with two previously conducted comprehensive literature reviews on academic and practitioner literature on IS backsourcing. By following this approach, we contribute to the existing research by verifying previous findings, for example, the most important reasons why companies decide in favor of IS backsourcing. Additionally, we were able to enhance previous contributions as we highlight the significance of differentiating between the scope of IS backsourcing
by looking at the underlying services which are potentially backsourced. Further, we identified the importance of managers’ personal preferences as an additional reason for IS backsourcing, for example, based on personal experiences or a perceived need for change. Based on our findings, we created a comprehensive overview of all aspects connected to the IS backsourcing process and derived opportunities for further research to contribute to the IS backsourcing research agenda.