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The authors study the relation between workers' age and their productivity in work teams, based on a new and unique data set that combines data on errors occurring in the production process of a large car manufacturer with detailed information on the personal characteristics of workers related to the errors. The authors correct for non-random sample selection and the potential endogeneity of the age-composition in work teams. The results suggest that productivity in this plant which is typical for large-scale manufacturing does not decline at least up to age 60. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Im angelsächsischen Sprachraum und in Skandinavien ist die Analyse von Analogien und Metaphern fester Bestandteil der Entrepreneurship-Forschung. Für den deutschen Sprachraum fehlen jedoch entsprechende Studien. Der vorliegende Aufsatz trägt dazu bei, diese Forschungslücke zu schließen. In einer Stichprobe von 50 deutschen Zeitungs- und Zeitschriftenartikeln zum Thema Entrepreneurship wurden 210 Analogien und Metaphern erfasst. Im Wesentlichen werden Sprachbilder aus zehn Quelldomänen genutzt, um Entrepreneurship zu versinnbildlichen und die Rolle von Entrepreneuren zu beschreiben: Fortbewegung, Natur, Handwerk, Krieg und Kampf, Familie, Anatomie, Sport, Bühne-Film-Medien, Seefahrt sowie Mythologie und Religion. Die Analyse mündet in die Ableitung eines auf der konzeptuellen Metapherntheorie basierenden Gesamtmodels, das das Verständnis von Entrepreneurship explizit macht, welches durch die Verwendung von Analogien und Metaphern ausgedrückt wird.
Aspects of sustainability – understood as the ability to manage economic, social and environmental performance at the same time – are becoming more important in Supply Chain Management. This is a challenge as sustainability adds less quantifiable aspects to Supply Chain Management than classic process aspects. On the other side measuring sustainability is crucial for the implementation of modern Supply Chains Management and to manage sustainably in the daily business. This contribution discusses the integration of sustainability in performance measurement and management systems (PMMS) for Supply Chain Management. Therefore in the paper firstly an overview of definitions and developments in performance measurement and management systems and a structure for PMMS are given. Secondly guidelines for good and modern PMMS are discussed. Thirdly existing approaches for Supply Chain Management PMMS (e. g. KPIs, TCO, value driver trees and balanced scorecards and maturity assessments) are presented and the suitability for Supply Chain Management as well as the possibility to integrate aspects of sustainability are examined. Lastly the fulfilment of the requirements and the ability to cope with the challenges of the approaches is discussed.
Sustainability is widely accepted as one of the most important concepts, which allows to reach al long-term success of companies and supply chains in today's turbulent and highly competitive business environment. The concept means a wise balance among economic development, environmental attitude, and social equitiy.
The monograph presents interesting solutions suitable for logistics an supply chain management. It summarises contemporary leading concepts in supply chain management, suggests approaches to the sustainability strategic management and performace measurement, and provides sustainable solutions for logistics activities. The monograph is primarily intended for those aspiring to be leaders in logistics and supply chain management and who are engaged in professional studies.
Dieses Buch beschreibt anwendungsorientiert die Grundlagen, Methoden und Instrumente des Prozessmanagements in Einkauf und Logistik. Außerdem stellt es mit Lean Management, Industrie 4.0 und Global Sourcing aktuelle Konzepte zur Optimierung von Prozessen vor. Zahlreiche Beispiele und Fallstudien ermöglichen einen anschaulichen Einblick in die praktische Umsetzung.
To broaden the operational scope of monetary policy, several authors suggest cash abolition as an appropriate means of breaking through the zero lower-bound. We argue that the welfare costs of bypassing the zero lower-bound by getting rid of cash entirely are analytically equivalent to negative interest rates on cash holdings. Using a money-in-the-utility-function model, we measure in two ways the welfare loss consumers as money holders would be forced to bear once the zero lower-bound is broken: in terms of the amount needed to compensate consumers (compensated variation), and as excess burden (deadweight loss) imposed on the economy as a whole. We calibrated the model for the euro area and for Germany. Our findings suggest that the welfare losses of negative interest rates incurred by consumers as holders of cash and transaction balances (M3) are large and enduring, notably if implemented in the current low-interest rate environment.
Does productivity decline with age? Does population aging harm economic growth? We exploit process-generated data from a large and typical service-sector company. We find no decline in average productivity in the age range of 20–60. This result is precisely measured. Our innovative identification strategy corrects for sample selection, endogeneity of age composition and age-cohort confounding. Our big data are essential to extract the signal from the noise that has marred many previous studies. While average productivity stays flat, we find variation according to task complexity. Productivity increases with age in teams with more demanding tasks and decreases in routine tasks.
In Acemoglu's model of directed technical change, the skill-premium increases in consequence of an increase in the relative supply of skilled labour. In this article, I argue that other measures of wage inequality such as the Gini-coefficient do not necessarily rise as well. The Gini-coefficient depends positively on the skill-premium, but the effect of an increase in the relative supply of skilled labour is ambiguous. A simulation of Acemoglu's model shows that the growth in the relative supply of skilled labour has led to increased wage inequality in the past, but will lead to decreasing wage inequality in the future.