Energie und Mobilität
Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- conference proceeding (article) (168)
- Article (143)
- Part of a Book (41)
- conference talk (32)
- Report (19)
- conference proceeding (presentation, abstract) (8)
- Book (7)
- Master's Thesis (4)
- Preprint (4)
- Part of Periodical (3)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (431)
Keywords
- Energiewende (27)
- Erneuerbare Energien (27)
- Klimaneutralität (22)
- Power-to-Gas (21)
- Sektorenkopplung (16)
- Energiespeicher (14)
- Power-to-X (9)
- Wasserstoff (8)
- Netzplanung (7)
- Blindleistung (6)
- Blindleistungsmanagement (6)
- Optimization (5)
- PERFORMANCE (5)
- permanent magnet synchronous machine (5)
- synchronous machines (5)
- Archaeen (4)
- BEHAVIOR (4)
- Battery management systems (4)
- Cooling (4)
- Klimaschutz (4)
- Modeling (4)
- Netzausbau (4)
- Photovoltaik (4)
- Pipeline (4)
- Rotors (4)
- asynchronous machines (4)
- composites (4)
- hysteresis (4)
- permanent magnet machines (4)
- stators (4)
- vehicle dynamics (4)
- Adsorption heat pump (3)
- Altbaumodernisierung (3)
- Ammonia (3)
- Battery management system (3)
- Blindleistungsregelung (3)
- Computer architecture (3)
- Diesel Engine (3)
- ETHANOL ADSORPTION (3)
- Electric vehicles (3)
- Energieeinsparung (3)
- Energietechnik (3)
- Ethanol (3)
- Inverters (3)
- MODEL (3)
- Netzmodell (3)
- Reactive Power (3)
- Renewable energy sources (3)
- Rieselbett-Bioreaktor (3)
- Running ductile fracture (3)
- SYSTEMS (3)
- Speicherbedarf (3)
- Systemintegration (3)
- Torque (3)
- Windings (3)
- decentralized control (3)
- dynamic load (3)
- energy transition (3)
- hydrogen storage (3)
- induction machines (3)
- iron/iron oxide (3)
- lumped element thermal equivalent circuit model (3)
- magnetoactive elastomer (3)
- methanation (3)
- redox reactions (3)
- safety (3)
- simulation (3)
- squirrel cage (3)
- temperature (3)
- temperature estimation (3)
- variable speed (3)
- waste heat (3)
- Absorption heat pump (2)
- Activated carbon (2)
- Adsorbent coating (2)
- Adsorption kinetics (2)
- Angewandte Wissenschaften (2)
- Anisotropy (2)
- Automobilindustrie (2)
- Automotive engineering (2)
- Batterien (2)
- Battery (2)
- Biological methanation (2)
- Biologische Methanisierung (2)
- Blindleistungsquellen (2)
- CARBON (2)
- CNN (2)
- CO2 decompression (2)
- Capacitors (2)
- Coefficient of performance (2)
- Coils (2)
- Compliant tensegrity structure (2)
- Condition Monitoring (2)
- Connectors (2)
- Corrosion (2)
- Crack arrest (2)
- Current measurement (2)
- DC-DC power converters (2)
- DC-link capacitor (2)
- DIESELMOTOR (2)
- DRIVEN (2)
- DYNAMICS (2)
- DoE (2)
- ELASTOMERS (2)
- EMISSIONS (2)
- Electrolysis (2)
- Elektroantrieb (2)
- Elektromobilität (2)
- Elektrotechnik (2)
- Energiebewusstes Bauen (2)
- Energy storage (2)
- Engineering Education (2)
- FRAMEWORK (2)
- Fahrerassistenzsystem (2)
- Feeds (2)
- Finite-Elemente-Methode (2)
- Flexibilität (2)
- Fluid-Struktur-Wechselwirkung (2)
- Functional Safety (2)
- GDI (2)
- Glass Industry (2)
- HYDROLYSIS (2)
- Hardware (2)
- Haus (2)
- Hydrogen (2)
- Industriebetriebe (2)
- Informationstechnik (2)
- Kraftfahrzeug (2)
- Kraftstoff (2)
- Liquid hold-up maximization (2)
- Literaturrecherche (2)
- MAGNETIC-FIELD (2)
- MICROSTRUCTURE (2)
- Magnetic Saturation (2)
- Massenspektrometer (2)
- Mathematical model (2)
- Messtechnik (2)
- Methanation (2)
- Methane production (2)
- Methanothermobacter (2)
- Methanothermococcus (2)
- Modelica (2)
- Motorcycles (2)
- Multistability (2)
- NOX (2)
- Netzpuffer (2)
- Netztransformator (2)
- OUTPUT (2)
- Optimal Power Flow (2)
- Optimized packing-organism combination (2)
- Ortsnetz (Energie) (2)
- Oxyfuel (2)
- Particle (2)
- Photovoltaics (2)
- Pipeline failure (2)
- Plate heat exchanger (2)
- Power-to-Methane (2)
- Power-to-gas (2)
- RHEOLOGY (2)
- Rissfortschritt (2)
- SCR (2)
- SELECTIVE CATALYTIC-REDUCTION (2)
- SENSITIVE ELASTOMERS (2)
- STLF (2)
- Selective catalytic reduction (2)
- Simulation (2)
- Smart grids (2)
- Solarstrom (2)
- Standards (2)
- Stromnetz (2)
- Stromspeicher (2)
- Stromtragfähigkeit (2)
- THERMAL-ENERGY STORAGE (2)
- Trickle-bed reactor (2)
- VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES (2)
- Wärmetransport (2)
- adsorption (2)
- aging (2)
- biologische Methanisierung (2)
- capacitance (2)
- computational fluid dynamics (2)
- consistent parameters (2)
- design Kinematics (2)
- dielectric properties (2)
- distributed management (2)
- efficiency (2)
- erneuerbare Energie (2)
- fault tolerant control (2)
- gasoline particulate filter (GPF) (2)
- hydrogen (2)
- induction machine (2)
- interface (2)
- invertors (2)
- magnetism and magnetic properties (2)
- magnetorheological elastomer (2)
- magnetostriction (2)
- microwave cavity perturbation (2)
- multi phase (2)
- numerische Simulation (2)
- partial load efficiency (2)
- permanent magnet motors (2)
- radio-frequency (RF) (2)
- renewable energy (2)
- sector coupling (2)
- semantic (2)
- sensors and actuators (2)
- simuliertes Ergebnis (2)
- soot mass determination (2)
- vibration energy harvesting (2)
- 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (1)
- 100% renewable energy scenarios (1)
- 2-Pyrrolidone (1)
- 2-Trifluoroethanol (1)
- 4WS (1)
- ABGASKONZENTRATION (1)
- ABGASTRENNUNG (1)
- ABGASZUSAMMENSETZUNG (1)
- ABS (1)
- AC Machine (1)
- ADSORBENTS (1)
- ADSORPTION REFRIGERATOR (1)
- AHT (1)
- AI chatbot (1)
- AMR (1)
- AQSOA-Z02 (1)
- ARXML (1)
- AUTOMATIC-GENERATION (1)
- Abgas (1)
- Acoustic emission testing (1)
- Acoustic noise (1)
- Active Front-End (1)
- AdBlue urea (1)
- Adaptation models (1)
- Adaptivregelung (1)
- Adsorbent Coatings (1)
- Adsorber heat exchanger (1)
- Adsorption (1)
- Adsorption refrigeration (1)
- Adsorption-evaporation (1)
- Adsorptive Heat Transformers (1)
- Aging (1)
- Airgap Eccentricity (1)
- Algorithmus (1)
- Alkadiene (1)
- Alkane (1)
- Alter (1)
- Ammoniaksynthese (1)
- Antriebsstrang (1)
- Apparent contour (1)
- Application: Framework (1)
- Arbeitspunktabhängigkeit (1)
- Ash (1)
- Ash detection (1)
- Aspen Custom Modeler (1)
- Auspuffgas (1)
- Automatisierung (1)
- Automobiles (1)
- Autonomous Mobile Robot (1)
- Availability (1)
- Availability Decentralized control (1)
- Axles (1)
- BAND-PASS FILTERS (1)
- BICYCLE DYNAMICS (1)
- BIMORPH (1)
- BIOCATALYTIC METHANATION (1)
- BLENDS (1)
- Batteries (1)
- Battery charging (1)
- Bayesian networks (1)
- Benchmarking (1)
- Bending Stiffness (1)
- Benzinmotor (1)
- Beschleunigung (1)
- Betriebsbedingung (1)
- Bicycles (1)
- Biogasanlage (1)
- Biokraftstoff (1)
- Biological CO2-Methanation (1)
- Blended Learning (1)
- Blindleistungspotentiale (1)
- Bose-Einstein condensates (1)
- Braunkohle (1)
- Brennwert (1)
- Bruchmechanik (1)
- Bruchmechanische Prüfung (1)
- Business Education (1)
- CARBON RECYCLING SYSTEM (1)
- CARBON-DIOXIDE (1)
- CDTire (1)
- CELL (1)
- CFD (1)
- CHILLER (1)
- CHILLERS (1)
- CI engine (1)
- CO2 (1)
- CO2 capture (1)
- CO2-methanation (1)
- CO2-separation (1)
- CONVERSION (1)
- COOLING SYSTEMS (1)
- CREEP FORCES (1)
- CSTR (1)
- Calculation (1)
- Calibration (1)
- Cameras (1)
- Capacitance between spheres (1)
- Capillary-driven flows (1)
- Carbon dioxide emissions (1)
- Catalysis (1)
- Catenary (1)
- Chamber Flux (1)
- Channel coded processor concept (1)
- ChatGPT (1)
- Chemical CO2-Methanation (1)
- Chemische Industrie (1)
- Clausius-Clapeyron (1)
- Clay bricks (1)
- Climate (1)
- Climate mitigation (1)
- Climate policy (1)
- Climate-neutral (1)
- Coating (1)
- Cohesive zone model (1)
- Cold Ambient Conditions (1)
- Cold Start (1)
- Competence orientation (1)
- Complexit (1)
- Complexity theory (1)
- Compressive strength (1)
- Computer vision (1)
- Concentrated (1)
- Constant volume combustion chamber (1)
- Constrained Optimization (1)
- Control algorithms (1)
- Control systems (1)
- Control theory (1)
- Controller Area Network (1)
- Convolutional networks (1)
- Cornering Resistance (1)
- Cost-development (1)
- Costs (1)
- Couplers (1)
- Couplings (1)
- Critical velocity (1)
- DAMPING PROPERTIES (1)
- DAQ (1)
- DBD PLASMA ACTUATORS (1)
- DC-DC converter (1)
- DC-DC power convertors (1)
- DECOMPOSITION (1)
- DEPENDENCE (1)
- DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES (1)
- DIFFUSION (1)
- DMC (1)
- DOPED MN/TIO2 (1)
- DWT testing (1)
- Dach (1)
- Data transfer (1)
- Databases (1)
- DeNO(x) (1)
- Decarbonisation (1)
- Decision-making (1)
- Demagnetization (1)
- Deregulierung (1)
- Design kinematics (1)
- Design methodology (1)
- Deutschland (1)
- Development Cooperation (1)
- Diagnostics (1)
- Diesel exhaust gas (1)
- Dieselabgas (1)
- Dieselkraftstoff (1)
- Differential Evolution (1)
- Differential equations (1)
- Digitization (1)
- Direkteinspritzerottomotor (1)
- Direkteinspritzung (1)
- Domestic prices (1)
- Double wishbone suspension system (1)
- Drehmoment (1)
- Drehschwingung (1)
- Druckverlust (1)
- Dual Axles (1)
- Dual-inverter (1)
- Durchströmung (1)
- Dynamic contact point (1)
- Dynamic ductile fracture (1)
- Dynamic simulation (1)
- E-Fuels (1)
- EINSTEIN CONDENSED GAS (1)
- EINSTUFENFILTER (1)
- ESP (1)
- EXCITATION (1)
- Eccentricity (1)
- Economic Analysis (1)
- Eddy Covariance (1)
- Effective medium theory (1)
- Effective permittivity (1)
- Effective road plane (1)
- Eingabedaten (1)
- Einparken (1)
- Einspeisung (1)
- Electric Drive (1)
- Electric machines (1)
- Electric machines and drives (1)
- Electric vehicle (1)
- Electrical Engineering (1)
- Electrical engineering (1)
- Electrical rotor asymmetries (1)
- Electrochemistry (1)
- Electrolyser (1)
- Electronic learning (1)
- Elektrik (1)
- Elektrizität (1)
- Elektrochemische Energieumwandlung (1)
- Elektrochemisches Verfahren (1)
- Elektrofahrzeug (1)
- Emissionen (1)
- Energieintensive Industrie (1)
- Energienetz (1)
- Energienetzplanung (1)
- Energieproduktion (1)
- Energiesystemmodellierung (1)
- Energieversorgung (1)
- Energy System (1)
- Energy Transition (1)
- Energy efficiency (1)
- Energy harvesting (1)
- Energy load forecasting (1)
- Energy policy (1)
- Energy system (1)
- Engine Cold Start (1)
- Engineering education (1)
- Entscheidungsunterstützungssystem (1)
- Entstaubung (1)
- Equations of motion (1)
- Erdkabel (1)
- Erdverlegte Übertragungsleitungen (1)
- Erneuerbare Energien, Klimaneutralität, Energiewende, Sektorenkopplung, Power-to-Gas (1)
- Ethen (1)
- Ethics Education (1)
- Ethin (1)
- Eurocodes (1)
- Evaporator (1)
- Exam analysis (1)
- Exhaust aftertreatment (1)
- Exhaust gas recirculation (1)
- Existing buildings (1)
- Experiential learning (1)
- FERROGELS (1)
- FIELD (1)
- FLOW-CONTROL (1)
- FLUID (1)
- FLUIDS (1)
- FREIGHT WAGON (1)
- FTIR (1)
- FTire (1)
- Fahrdynamik (1)
- Fahrzeugdynamik (1)
- Failure probability (1)
- Falling film evaporator (1)
- Fallstudie (1)
- Feature extraction (1)
- Feldversuch (1)
- Ferngasleitung (1)
- Ferrofluids (1)
- Festbett (1)
- Field Oriented Control (1)
- Final energy consumption (1)
- Fleet operations (1)
- Flexibilitätspotenzial (1)
- Fluid flow (1)
- Fluid-structure interaction (1)
- Fluid-structure-interaction (1)
- Forest Floor (1)
- Formgebungswerkzeug (1)
- Fotovoltaik (1)
- Four-wheeled Handling Model (1)
- Franca IDL (1)
- Free Bending (1)
- Frequency Analysis (1)
- Frequency measurement (1)
- Frequency modulation (1)
- Frequency synchronization (1)
- Fuel Blend (1)
- Fuel Cell (1)
- Fuel Ethanol (1)
- Fuel Mass (1)
- Fuel Vapor Mass (1)
- GASFILTER (1)
- GEOMETRY (1)
- GPF (1)
- GaAs (1)
- Gas (1)
- Gas utilization efficiency (1)
- Gasoline particulate flter (1)
- Generators (1)
- Geometric contact point (1)
- Geräuschentwicklung (1)
- Glass Melting (1)
- Greenhouse gas emissions (1)
- Ground penetrating radar (1)
- HAUPTSTROMFILTER (1)
- HE-4 (1)
- HEAT-RECOVERY (1)
- HELIUM (1)
- HYDROGELS (1)
- Haber-Bosch (1)
- Heat conduction in cylindrical shell (1)
- Heat decarbonisation (1)
- Heat pipes (1)
- Heat pump (1)
- High voltage actuators (1)
- Household heat (1)
- Human factors (1)
- Hydraulic turbines (1)
- Hydrocarbons (1)
- Hydrogen export (1)
- Hydrogen prices (1)
- Hydrogen regulation (1)
- Hydrothermal stability (1)
- ICT (1)
- IDL (1)
- IGNITION (1)
- IMPACT (1)
- IMPROVEMENT (1)
- INJECTION (1)
- ISO 26262 (1)
- ISO Standards (1)
- Ignition behaviour (1)
- Image reconstruction (1)
- In situ pH shift (1)
- Induction Motor (1)
- Induction machines (1)
- Induction motor (1)
- Industrial plant (1)
- Inertialsensor (1)
- Infrared-reflective (1)
- Infrastruktur (1)
- Injection Strategy (1)
- Integrated circuit modeling (1)
- Integrated control (1)
- Integration Erneuerbare Energien (1)
- Intelligentes Stromnetz (1)
- Interactive and collaborative learning (1)
- Interleaving (1)
- Inverse kinematics (1)
- Investitionskosten (1)
- Ion-molecule reaction (1)
- Ionisation (1)
- Jatropha oil (1)
- Just in Time Teaching (1)
- KARANJA (1)
- KATALYTISCHE ABGASNACHVERBRENNUNG (1)
- KATALYTISCHER REAKTOR (1)
- KINETICS (1)
- KOHLENWASSERSTOFF (ABGAS) (1)
- Kalman filter (1)
- Kaltstart (1)
- Karosserieanbauteil (1)
- Kinematic and compliance test (1)
- Kohlenmonoxid (1)
- Kohlenwasserstoffe (1)
- Konstruktionstechnik (1)
- Kostenanalyse (1)
- Kostenreduktion (1)
- Kugelschüttung (1)
- LAMINAR (1)
- LATERAL DYNAMICS (1)
- LIFE-CYCLE COST (1)
- LINEAR-MODEL (1)
- LOCOMOTION (1)
- LOW-TEMPERATURE SCR (1)
- Ladestation (1)
- Lageregelung (1)
- Langzeitarchivierung (1)
- Lastverteilung <Energietechnik> (1)
- Latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) (1)
- Launch vehicle (1)
- Leaf spring suspension (1)
- Least squares fitting (1)
- Leichtbau (1)
- Leistungsmanagement (1)
- Leitungsmaßnahme (1)
- Life Quality Index (1)
- Liquid rocket engines (1)
- Liquid-phase decomposition (1)
- Living Lab (1)
- LoRa (1)
- Load flow (1)
- Load modeling (1)
- Loading (1)
- Logic gates (1)
- Logistics (1)
- Lokales Sozialkapital (1)
- Long term analysis (1)
- Low Head (1)
- Low voltage (1)
- Low-carbon heating (1)
- Low-temperature DeNO(x) (1)
- MAGNETOELASTIC BEHAVIOR (1)
- MASS (1)
- MASS-TRANSFER (1)
- MATLAB (1)
- MBW model (1)
- MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES (1)
- MELT STATE (1)
- MEMS (1)
- METHANOL (1)
- MIXTURES (1)
- MIicrostructure (1)
- MK TEMPERATURES (1)
- MMC model (1)
- MSIL (1)
- Magnetoactive elastomer (1)
- Magnetoresistance (1)
- Magnetorhelogical elastomer (1)
- Magnetorheological effect (1)
- Management strategy (1)
- Manipulationsrisiken (1)
- Maschinenbetrieb (1)
- Mass spectrometry (1)
- Material handling (1)
- Matrix (1)
- MeFo (1)
- Mechanical stability (1)
- Mechatronic design method (1)
- Mechatronics (1)
- Medium voltage (1)
- Mehrkörpersystem (1)
- Messmethode (1)
- Methan (1)
- Microchannels (1)
- Microfluidics (1)
- Microprocessors (1)
- Milk-run systems (1)
- Miniature devices (1)
- Mittelspannung (elektrisch) (1)
- Mittelspannungsnetz (1)
- Mixture Formation (1)
- Mobile communication (1)
- Mobile robots (1)
- Model reduction (1)
- Modelica Standard Library (1)
- Modelica Standard Library MSL (1)
- Montagesystem (1)
- Montiergerät (1)
- Mortar (1)
- Motor (1)
- Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA) (1)
- Motor drives (1)
- Motorenöl (1)
- Motorsteuerung (1)
- Motoröl (1)
- Multi-microcomputer system (1)
- Multibody Model (1)
- Multibody dynamics (1)
- Multibody model (1)
- Multibody system (1)
- Multibody systems (1)
- Multibody-simulation (1)
- Multilayer Model (1)
- Multiple view geometry (1)
- NAVIGATION (1)
- NH3 (1)
- NILM (1)
- NITRIC-OXIDE (1)
- NON-HERTZIAN (1)
- NRTL (1)
- NVH (1)
- Nahtloses Rohr (1)
- Netz-Management (1)
- Netzanalyse (1)
- Netzanschluss (1)
- Netzberechnung (1)
- Netzbetreiber (1)
- Netzbetrieb (1)
- Netzbetriebsführung (1)
- Netzintegration (1)
- Netzmanagement (1)
- Netzmittel (1)
- Netzplanungsprozesse (1)
- Netzstabilität (Energienetz) (1)
- Netzverstärkung (1)
- Neural networks (1)
- Niederspannung (1)
- Niederspannungsnetz (1)
- Nitrogen Oxide (1)
- Nitrogen oxides (1)
- Non-classical locomotion (1)
- Non-destructive test (1)
- Non-road mobile machinery (1)
- Nonholonomic mechanics (1)
- Nonlinear state observer (1)
- Numerical solution (1)
- OF-THE-ART (1)
- OME (1)
- ONSET (1)
- OXIDATION (1)
- OXIDATIONSKATALYSATORANLAGE (1)
- OXIDE CATALYST (1)
- Oberschwingungsbelastung (1)
- Object oriented modeling (1)
- Object-oriented programming (1)
- Online-Analyse (1)
- Online-Messung (1)
- Online-Messverfahren (1)
- Open innovation (1)
- Optimierung (1)
- Optimierungsverfahren (1)
- Optimization of Field Current (1)
- Opto-sensors (1)
- Organic working pairs (1)
- Orthogonal collocation (1)
- Oscillatory flow (1)
- Ottomotor (1)
- Oxidationskatalysator (1)
- PASSIVE RIDER (1)
- PCM (1)
- PDMS (1)
- PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUES (1)
- PERIODISCH ZU REINIGENDER FILTER (1)
- PERMEABILITY (1)
- PHASE-CHANGE MATERIAL (1)
- POLYETHYLENE (1)
- POLYMER DEGRADATION (1)
- POWER (1)
- POWER-TO-HEAT (1)
- PRODUCTS (1)
- PROGRESS (1)
- PURE SHEAR (1)
- PWM Converter (1)
- PYROLYSIS (1)
- Parameter identification (1)
- Parameter optimization (1)
- Parameterabschätzung (1)
- Particle number (1)
- Particle-size-distribution (1)
- Partikelemission (1)
- Partikelfilter (1)
- Payne effect (1)
- Percolation threshold (1)
- Permanent Magnet (PM) (1)
- Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (1)
- Phase measurement (1)
- Photoconduction (1)
- Photovoltaikanlage (1)
- Pico Hydro (1)
- Piezoelectric transducer (1)
- Planning (1)
- Polymer (1)
- Potentialerschließung (1)
- Power cables (1)
- Power system stability (1)
- Power-to-Heat (1)
- Power-to-Hydrogen (1)
- PowerFactory (1)
- Privatisierung (1)
- Problem-based learning (1)
- Production systems (1)
- Production unit (1)
- Project Based Learning (1)
- Propellers (1)
- Propen (1)
- Prosumer (1)
- ProsumerIridium (1)
- Protocols (1)
- Prüfstand (1)
- Psychoakustik (1)
- PtG (Power-to-Gas) (1)
- Pufferspeicher (1)
- Pulse width modulation (1)
- Pumpspeicherwerk (1)
- Python (1)
- Q-Dynamik (1)
- Quality of service (1)
- Quantum turbulence (1)
- Quartiersgestaltung (1)
- R4-MOTOR (1)
- REIFENKRAFT (1)
- REMOVAL (1)
- RENEWABLE ENERGY (1)
- RESIDENTIAL HEAT (1)
- RME (1)
- ROLLING-CONTACT (1)
- RUBBER (1)
- Radiative asymmetry (1)
- Radio-frequency (1)
- Railway vehicles (1)
- Random heterogeneous medium (1)
- Rapeseed oil fuel (1)
- Rapsöl (1)
- Reactive Power Potentials (1)
- Reactive power (1)
- Reactiver Power Planning (1)
- Reactor concept (1)
- Real-Time (1)
- Real-time Simulation (1)
- Real-time decision making (1)
- Receivers (1)
- Rechenleistung (1)
- Rechenzeit (1)
- Reconfigurable architectures (1)
- Reduced model (1)
- Refrigeration (1)
- Regeltransformator (1)
- Reifentest (1)
- Renewable Energies (1)
- Renewable sources (1)
- Residential seasonal storage (1)
- Resistor aging (1)
- Review (1)
- Rieselbett Bioreaktor (1)
- Risikoanalyse (1)
- Risk analysis (1)
- Rissausbreitung (1)
- Road vehicles (1)
- Rooftop solar photovoltaics (1)
- Rope Curvature (1)
- Rotating electrical three phase machines (1)
- Run-off-Road scenarios (1)
- SCALE (1)
- SDBD (1)
- SEPARATION CONTROL (1)
- SHM (1)
- Scalability (1)
- Schadstoff (1)
- Schallentstehung (1)
- Schienenfahrzeug (1)
- Schienenverkehr (1)
- Schwefel (1)
- Schwingungsdämpfung (1)
- Schüttgut (1)
- Seasonal performance (1)
- Secondary batteries (1)
- Sektorkopplung (1)
- Semantic: Mapping (1)
- Semi-physical model (1)
- Senioren (1)
- Sensitivitätsanalyse (1)
- Sensorless vector control (1)
- Servers (1)
- Shafts (1)
- Signal to noise ratio (1)
- Simulation Experiment (1)
- Simulink (1)
- Slant fracture (1)
- Smart material (1)
- Societal risk (1)
- Soft robotics (1)
- Software (1)
- Software-Lösung (1)
- Softwarearchitektur (1)
- Solar power (1)
- Solarenergie (1)
- Solarmodul (1)
- Solenoid injector (1)
- Solidification (1)
- Soot mass determination (1)
- Soybean oil (1)
- Sozialraum (1)
- Sozialverträglichkeit (1)
- Space heating (1)
- Spannband (1)
- Spannung (elektrisch) (1)
- Spannungsanhebung (1)
- Spannungshaltung (1)
- Spannungsqualität (1)
- Spannungsregelung (1)
- Specific solution circulation (1)
- Speicherintegration (1)
- Speicherkapazität (1)
- Speichermarkt (1)
- Speichertechnologien (1)
- Stability Verification (1)
- Stability analysis (1)
- Stadtviertel (1)
- State of charge (SOC) (1)
- Static contact point (1)
- Statistical analysis (1)
- Steering System (1)
- Stone masonry (1)
- Straight Homogeneous Circular Cylinder (1)
- Straight vegetable oil combustion (1)
- Straight vegetable oil fuel (1)
- Stress state conditions (1)
- Stromerzeugung (1)
- Stromtankstelle (1)
- Stromversorgung (1)
- Stromversorgung <Elektrotechnik> (1)
- Strukturdynamik (1)
- Superfluid helium (1)
- Suspension kinematics (1)
- Suspension systems (1)
- Switches (1)
- Synchronization (1)
- Synchronmaschine (1)
- Synchronous Generator (1)
- Synchronous Motor (SM) (1)
- Synthetic methane (1)
- Synthetische Kraftstoffe (1)
- Systemvergleich (1)
- Szenarioanalyse (1)
- TCPIP (1)
- TECHNOLOGIES (1)
- THERMOAUTOTROPHICUS (1)
- THERMOOXIDATIVE DEGRADATION (1)
- TIME-RESOLVED RHEOLOGY (1)
- TMeasy Tire Model (1)
- TMeasy tire model (1)
- TMeasy tyre model (1)
- TRANSFORMATION (1)
- TRANSPORTATION (1)
- TSN-Netz (1)
- Tagebau (1)
- Tail Ropes (1)
- Task analysis (1)
- Tensegrity structure (1)
- Test Bench Investigations (1)
- Thermal Management (1)
- Thermal energy storage (1)
- Thermal models (1)
- Thermochemistry (1)
- Thermophilic archaea (1)
- Thin film evaporation (1)
- Three-dimensional Vehicle Model (1)
- Time measurement (1)
- Tire Force Dynamics (1)
- Tire road contact (1)
- Topology (1)
- Torque Vectoring (1)
- Total cost of ownership (1)
- Tracer-Technik (1)
- Trajectory (1)
- Transdisciplinary Education (1)
- Transient response (1)
- Transportation control (1)
- Trinkwasserversorgung (1)
- Twistbeam suspension (1)
- Tyre dynamics modelling (1)
- Tyre testing (1)
- UEBERDRUCKFILTER (1)
- UREA HYDROLYSIS (1)
- Uncertainties (1)
- Uncertainty (1)
- VEGETABLE-OILS (1)
- Validierung (1)
- Vapor pressure (1)
- Vehicle Dynamics (1)
- Vehicle Fleet Charging (1)
- Vehicle dynamics (1)
- Vehicle fleet modelling (1)
- Vehicle modeling (1)
- Vehicle modelling (1)
- Vehicle models (1)
- Vehicle-to-home (1)
- Vehicles (1)
- Vergleichsuntersuchung (1)
- Verkabelung (1)
- Verkehrsdichte (1)
- Verkehrssektor (1)
- Verteilungsnetz (1)
- Vibration driven motion (1)
- Virtual Test Rig (1)
- Virtual collaboration (1)
- Viskositätsverringerung (1)
- Vollbrückenwandler (1)
- Voltage Control (1)
- Voltage Stability (1)
- Voltage source inverter (VSI) (1)
- Voltage-Oriented Control (1)
- Volumenmessung (1)
- Vortex shedding (1)
- WATER-ADSORPTION (1)
- WHEELSET-TRACK INTERACTION (1)
- Wall paint (1)
- Water Turbine (1)
- Wavelength measurement (1)
- Wettbewerb (1)
- Wheels (1)
- Wiederaufbau (1)
- Wind power pants (1)
- Windkraft (Energiequelle) (1)
- Wireless sensor networks (1)
- Wirkleistung (1)
- Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung (1)
- Wohnen (1)
- Wohnsituation (1)
- Working pair (1)
- Wärmekapazität (1)
- Wärmespeicherung (1)
- Wärmeversorgung (1)
- Wärmeübertrager (1)
- X-ray (1)
- XGBoost (1)
- ZFSV (1)
- Zeitmessung (1)
- Zeitweise fließfähiger selbstverdichtender Verfüllbaustoff (1)
- Zeolite-based Adsorbent Coatings (1)
- Zeolite-coated Heat Pumps (1)
- Zeolite-water (1)
- Zündung (1)
- aberrations due to digitization (1)
- acceptance (1)
- aerospace engineering (1)
- air cooling (1)
- aktive Schwingungsdämpfung (1)
- anti-icing (1)
- appliance monitoring (1)
- aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe (1)
- array (1)
- automated driving (1)
- automated grid planning (1)
- automotive services (1)
- autonomes Fahren (1)
- autonomous systems (1)
- bandwidth (1)
- battery fitness (1)
- battery life testing (1)
- battery parameterization (1)
- battery storage plants (1)
- beam-model (1)
- bidirectional power flow (1)
- broadband (1)
- broken rotor bar (1)
- bubble column reactor (1)
- cappillary doublet (1)
- carrier phase shift (1)
- charging infrastructure (1)
- cleat (1)
- collective actions (1)
- commercial stick–slip friction models (1)
- commercial vehicles (1)
- common rail injection (1)
- communication theory (1)
- component model (1)
- composite sorbents (1)
- con-volutional networks (1)
- constructive alignment (1)
- contact less charging (1)
- container-based virtualization (1)
- control (1)
- converter (1)
- cooling (1)
- cooling concept (1)
- coupled air springs (1)
- cycle stability (1)
- d-axis Inductance (1)
- damping factor (1)
- data sheet (1)
- decarbonization (1)
- deep bar effect (1)
- demagnetization (1)
- design (1)
- design kinematics (1)
- dezentrale Stromerzeugung (1)
- diamagnetic (1)
- digital pulse-width modulation (DPWM) (1)
- distributed power generation (1)
- distribution grid (1)
- driver assistance systems (1)
- dual 3-phase inverter (1)
- dual three phase system (1)
- dynamic friction model (1)
- dynamische Simulation (1)
- dynamisches Messen (1)
- e-axle (1)
- eFuels (1)
- economic evaluation (1)
- effective medium approximation (1)
- effective thermal conductivity (1)
- elastic properties (1)
- elastomer dielectric (1)
- electric Machine models (1)
- electric fuels (1)
- electric sensing devices (1)
- electric vehicles (1)
- electro mobility (1)
- elektrische Energieverteilung (1)
- energy (1)
- energy load forecasting (1)
- energy storage (1)
- energy-efficient building restoration (1)
- engine test bench (1)
- environmental planning (1)
- equivalent circuits (1)
- experimental testing (1)
- extensional strain (1)
- fatigue limit (1)
- fault diagnosis (1)
- fault location (1)
- finite element analysis (1)
- finite element method (FEM) (1)
- five-Link model (1)
- floating device (1)
- flux barrier (1)
- fractional slot (1)
- framework (1)
- frequency analysis (1)
- frequency up-conversion (1)
- functional mockup interface (1)
- fundamental wave (1)
- funktionale Sicherheit (1)
- glass (1)
- glass industry (1)
- grid data handling (1)
- group risk (1)
- hardware in the loop testing (1)
- harmonic analysis (1)
- harmonics (1)
- heat transformer (1)
- heat upgrading (1)
- heavy commercial vehicles (1)
- historic quarter (1)
- hohe Dichte (1)
- household survey (1)
- human safety (1)
- iduction motor (1)
- impedance spectroscopy (1)
- individual risk (1)
- inductance (1)
- inductance modeling (1)
- induction motor (1)
- integrated modular motor drive (1)
- intelligente Netzbetriebsmittel (1)
- interfacial magnetocapacitance (1)
- interior magnet (1)
- interleaved inverters (1)
- irradiance (1)
- isothermal reactions (1)
- kinetics of reactions (1)
- lithium niobate (1)
- lithium-ion battery (1)
- load (electric) (1)
- load forecast (1)
- load impulses (1)
- load profile (1)
- load sharing (1)
- long-term stick (1)
- low frequency (1)
- low power DC/DC buck conversion (1)
- low-carbon communities (1)
- low-temperature plasma (1)
- lumped model (1)
- machine design (1)
- machine testing (1)
- magnetic asymmetry (1)
- magnetic cores (1)
- magnetic fields (1)
- magnetic flux (1)
- magnetic levitation (1)
- magnetic potential difference (1)
- magnetoactive polymer (1)
- magnetodeformation (1)
- magnetodielectric effect (1)
- magnetoelectric effect (1)
- magnetomechanical effect (1)
- maximum power tracking (1)
- mechanical hysteresis (1)
- mechanical stoppers (1)
- mechatronics (1)
- membrane reactor (1)
- metamodels (1)
- metrics (1)
- microcontrollers (1)
- mixing rule (1)
- mobile robots (1)
- module (1)
- monitoring (1)
- motion control (1)
- motorbike (1)
- multi phase electric machines (1)
- multibody dynamics (1)
- multiferroic heterostructure (1)
- multiple stationary loads (1)
- nachhaltiges Sourcing (1)
- neural networks (1)
- noise-vibration-harshness (1)
- non-isothermal reactions (1)
- nonlinear saturation effects (1)
- nonlinear susceptibility (1)
- numerical analysis (1)
- object oriented programming (1)
- ontologies (1)
- operating conditions (1)
- operational amplifier circuit (1)
- optimale Nutzung (1)
- optimized threshold (1)
- output voltage sampling (1)
- oxyfuel (1)
- parameter sensitivity analysis (1)
- partial factors (1)
- participatory action research (1)
- pelletizing process (1)
- percolation threshold (1)
- permanent magnet (1)
- physical battery model (1)
- piezoelectric cantilever (1)
- piezoelectric effect (1)
- piezoelectric sensor (1)
- pitch control (1)
- plant (1)
- power (1)
- power convertors (1)
- power electronics (1)
- power engineering computing (1)
- power generation control (1)
- power grids (1)
- power system security (1)
- power-to-gas (1)
- probabilistic methods (1)
- pseudocharge (1)
- public–private partnerships (1)
- quality control (1)
- quasi static (1)
- radiant heat flow map (1)
- railway (1)
- random heterogeneous medium (1)
- rapeseed oil (1)
- reaction kinetics (1)
- regelbarer Ortsnetztransformator (1)
- reliability (1)
- reliability analysis (1)
- reliability level (1)
- reluctance (1)
- resource isolation (1)
- resource management (1)
- responsible research innovation (1)
- restructuring of the filler (1)
- ripple current reduction (1)
- risk acceptance (1)
- risk analysis (1)
- robot dynamics (1)
- robuste Bauweise (1)
- robuste Regelung (1)
- rotor asymmetries (1)
- rotor fault (1)
- rough road (1)
- seasonal thermal storage (1)
- second life battery (1)
- sectoral integration (1)
- segmentation (1)
- self-assembly (1)
- self-consistent (1)
- self-discharge (1)
- self-phase modulation (1)
- sensor node (1)
- sensor placement (1)
- simplified battery model (1)
- simulation model (1)
- skewing (1)
- skin effect (1)
- slip ring (1)
- snow load (1)
- social science (1)
- soft error (1)
- solar energy (1)
- solar selective thermal insulation system (SATIS) (1)
- space vector modulation (SVM) (1)
- spectroscopy (1)
- speed control (1)
- squirrel cage induction machine (1)
- standardization (1)
- state-of-charge determination (1)
- state-of-charge monitoring (1)
- state-of-health (1)
- statistical wind data (1)
- strain gauge (1)
- stress testing (1)
- structural engineering (1)
- structure (1)
- subharmonics (1)
- supercapacitor (1)
- supply security (1)
- surplus energy (1)
- sustainability (1)
- switching (1)
- synchronous machine (1)
- synchronous motor protection (1)
- synchronous motors (1)
- synchronous reluctance machine (1)
- synergy (1)
- system costs (1)
- system testing (1)
- target reliability (1)
- taxonomy (1)
- teaching text (1)
- temperature distribution (1)
- temperature sensors (1)
- terrestrial solar model (1)
- thermal analysis (1)
- thermal behavior (1)
- thermische Energie (1)
- thermoelectric generation (1)
- time transients (1)
- time-discrete control (1)
- toroid (1)
- total solar energy transmittance (1)
- traction drive system (1)
- traits (1)
- transient (1)
- two-phase composite material (1)
- tyre modelling (1)
- ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (1)
- uninterruptible power systems (1)
- user acceptance (1)
- vehicle coupling (1)
- voltage control (1)
- voltage regulators (1)
- voltage transformer (1)
- water content (1)
- winding displacement (1)
- windings (1)
- working pairs (1)
- wound field synchronous machine (1)
- yearly energetic performance assessment (1)
- Ökobilanzierung (1)
- Ölverbrauch (1)
- Überwachung (1)
Institute
- Fakultät Elektro- und Informationstechnik (240)
- Fakultät Maschinenbau (155)
- Forschungsstelle für Energienetze und Energiespeicher (FENES) / Forschungsgruppe Energiespeicher (76)
- Combustion Engines and Emissions Control Laboratory (CEEC) (40)
- Forschungsstelle für Energienetze und Energiespeicher (FENES) / Forschungsgruppe Energienetze (38)
- Labor Elektrische Maschinen und Antriebstechnik (37)
- Computational Mechanics and Materials Lab (CMM) (20)
- Technologie-Campus Neustadt an der Donau (20)
- Labor Intelligente Materialien und Strukturen (17)
- Fakultät Informatik und Mathematik (15)
Begutachtungsstatus
- peer-reviewed (187)
- begutachtet (15)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristic of nanoparticles under consideration of sub-23-nm particles from a 1.8-l direct injection (DI) gasoline engine under stoichiometric air/fuel conditions in the exhaust gas system. For future CO2 challenges, the usage of DI-instead of port fuel injection (PFI)-gasoline engines is unavoidable. Therefore, a state of the art particle management program-particle number (PN) system, the Horiba SPCS (2100) with an integrated CPC (condensation particle counter), was recalibrated from a 50% cutoff (D-50%) at 23 nm down to a cutoff at 10 nm and the PCRF (particle concentration reduction factor) for sizes smaller than 23 nm was checked. Two different modal points, out of a representative Real Driving Emission (RDE) cycle, were investigated with both calibrations, D-50%=10 nm and D-50%=23 nm. For these different load points, the fuel pressure (FUP) and the start of injection (SOI) were varied, to represent the difference in the structure and the ratio conc((10 nm))/conc((23 nm)) of the nanoparticle emissions. The particle characterization includes the particle number (PN), the particle size distribution (PSD), and the particle mass (PM). The particle number was measured with Horiba SPCS (2100). The particle size distribution was analyzed with a Grimm differential mobility analyzer (DMA) in combination with a Faraday cup electrometer (FCE). Micro Soot and Pegasor were used to determine the PM, and an optical characterization was done with a 120-kV Phillips CM12 transmission electron microscope (TEM). The position of all particle measurement systems was downstream the three-way catalyst (TWC). The results of this investigation showed that a higher injection pressure decreases the PN (without consideration of sub-23-nm particles) in general. The ratio conc((10 nm))/conc((23 nm)) was therefore higher, because smaller particles, especially ash particles, were less reduced from the FUP. This means higher FUP tends to a higher ratio. For the SOI, the main reasons of the ratio differences were explained by an encroachment between the injection jet and the piston, the valve and the wall.
Insulation of thermal energy storage tanks is fundamental to reduce heat losses and to achieve high energy storage efficiency. Although water tanks were extensively studied in the literature, the enhancement of the insulation quality is often overlooked. The use of vacuum insulation has the potential to significantly reduce heat losses without affecting the dimension of the storage system. This paper shows for the first time the results of the heat losses tests done for a 0.535 m3 water tank for residential building applications built with a double wall vacuum insulation. The different tests show that the rate of heat losses strictly depends on the temperature distribution inside the tank at the beginning of the experiment. Compared to a conventional water tank insulated with conventional materials, the U-value of the lateral surface was reduced by almost three times (from 1.05 W/K·m2 to 0.38 W/K·m2) using vacuum insulation. However, the bottom part, which is usually used to place the support parts and the piping, is the critical design part of those tanks acting as a thermal bridge with the ambient and enhancing heat losses.
A numerical parameter sensitivity analysis of the design parameters of the recently published solar selective thermal insulation system (SATIS) has been carried out to enhance its thermal and optical properties. It turned out that the insulation properties of SATIS can be effectively improved by reducing the length of the glass closure element. Increasing the area share of the light conducting elements (LCEs) and decreasing their length-to-diameter (L/D) ratio were identified as key parameters in order to increase the solar gain. Two SATIS variants were compared with the same wall insulation without SATIS in a yearly energetic performance assessment. The SATIS variant with 10 mm length of the closure element, 44.2% area share of LCE, as well as front and rear diameters of 12 mm/9 mm shows an 11.8% lower transmission heat loss over the heating period than the wall insulation without SATIS. A new methodology was developed to enable the implementation of the computed solar gains of SATIS in 1D simulation tools. The result is a radiant heat flow map for integration as a heat source in 1D simulation models. A comparison between the 1D and 3D models of the inside wall heat fluxes showed an integral yearly agreement of 98%.
Method of Measuring Deformations of Magnetoactive Elastomers under the Action of Magnetic Fields
(2019)
The hydrogen gas-to-liquid mass transfer is the limiting factor in biological methanation. In trickle-bed reactors, mass transfer can be increased by high flow velocities in the liquid phase, by adding a packing material with high liquid hold-up or by using methanogenic archaea with a high methane productivity. This study developed a polyphasic approach to address all methods at once. Various methanogenic strains and packings were investigated from a microbial and hydrodynamic perspective. Analyzing the ability to produce high-quality methane and to form biofilms, pure cultures of Methanothermobacter performed better than those of the genus Methanothermococcus. Liquid and static hold-up of a packing material and its capability to facilitate attachment was not attributable to a single property. Consequently, it is recommended to carefully match organism and packing for optimized performance of trickle-bed reactors. The ideal combination for the ORBIT system was identified as Methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicus IM5 and DuraTop (R).
he hydrogen gas-to-liquid mass transfer is the limiting factor in biological methanation. In a trickle-bed reactor, mass transfer can be increased by high flow velocities in the liquid phase, by adding a packing material with high liquid hold-up, or by choosing methanogenic archaea with a high methane productivity. This study analyzed various packings and methanogenic strains from a hydrodynamic and microbial perspective. By analyzing twelve pure cultures of thermophilic methanogens for their ability to produce high quality methane and to form biofilms on different packings, strains of Methanothermobacter were found to perform better than thus of the genus Methanothermococcus. Best methane production and adherence was observed on DuraTop®, Bioflow 9, and filter foam. DuraTop® and Bioflow 9 had also a high dynamic liquid hold-up, but the maximum hold-up was determined for expanded clay. The ideal combination for use in the ORBIT-trickle-bed reactor was identified as Methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicus IM5 and DuraTop®.
Globally, PV prosumers account for a significant share of the total installed solar PV capacity, which is a growing trend with ever-increasing retail electricity prices. Further propelled by performance improvements of solar PV and innovations that allow for greater consumer choice, with additional benefits such as cost reductions and availability of incentives. PV prosumers may be one of the most important enablers of the energy transition. PV prosumers are set to gain the most by maximising self-consumption, while avoiding large amounts of excess electricity being fed into the grid. Additionally, electricity and heat storage technologies, heat pumps and battery electric vehicles are complementary to achieve the highest possible self-consumption shares for residential PV prosumer systems, which can reach grid-parity within this decade in most regions of the world. This research finds the cost optimal mix of the various complementary technologies such as batteries, electric vehicles, heat pumps and thermal heat storage for PV prosumers across the world by exploring 4 different scenarios. Furthermore, the research presents the threshold for economical maximum battery capacity per installed PV capacity, along with self-consumption ratios, demand cover ratios and heat cover ratios for 145 different regions across the world. This is a first of its kind study to conduct a global analysis of PV prosumers with a range of options to meet their complete energy demand from a future perspective, up to 2050. Maximising self-consumption from solar PV generation to meet all energy needs will be the most economical option in the future, for households across most regions of the world.
In modern manufacturing systems, milk run (MR) systems represent route-based, cyclic material-handling systems that are used widely and enable frequent deliveries of containerized parts in small lot sizes from a central storage area to multiple points of use on the factory floor. Usually, deliveries take place at predetermined, constant time intervals. As in real-world MR systems, the number of containers to deliver in each interval varies in the short term, peaks in the number of deliveries may lead to capacity bottlenecks and late deliveries. In this paper, we develop three alternative strategies to determine starting times of MR cycles in real-time based on the current number of delivery orders in the system aiming to better handle variations in the number of orders. We evaluate the three strategies for different system load scenarios with respect to delivery service levels, order lead times, systems utilization and necessary number of MR trains using a discrete-event simulation model.
The formation of microstructures in magnetoactive polymers (MAPs) is a recently discovered phenomenon found only with very low filler particle concentrations (less than 3 wt %). Due to the degassing process, filler particles collect around an ascending bubble, which dissolves at a certain point leaving particulate rings within the matrix. The formation of toroidal microstructures commences as filler concentration approaches 1 wt %. The development of coherent parallel aligned rings with a compact order continues as particle concentrations increase toward 2 wt %. Between 2 and 3 wt % capillary doublets develop, while mass percentages higher than 3% result in increasing entropy as the random order of particle agglomeration found in higher concentration MAP dominates. Self-structured samples of different filler material and concentrations between 1 and 3 wt % have been investigated using X-ray tomography, where the emerging structures can be observed and visualized. The ring structures resulting from this research represent microinductivities which can be fabricated in a targeted manner, thus enabling new applications in the high-frequency radio field. Furthermore, these anisotropic, but well-organized, structures have magnetic field-dependent implications for optical, thermal, acoustic, and medical applications.
What commonalities are there in sustainable or unsustainable heating practices in five high-income, high-emitting western European countries? What preferences do a nationally representative sample of the public in these countries hold towards low-carbon options? It is imperative that climate policy researchers and practitioners grapple with the difficulty of decarbonizing heat, which remains the largest single end-use service worldwide and which accounts about half of total final energy consumption. Based on a comparative assessment of five representative national surveys in Germany (N = 2009), Italy (N = 2039), Spain (N = 2038), Sweden (N = 2023), and the United Kingdom (N = 2000), this study explores the demographics and geography of household heat decarbonisation in Europe. By analyzing our country level data as well as our combined sample of 10,109 respondents, it investigates how people conceive of the purposes of low-carbon heat, their preferences for particular forms of heat supply, and their (at times odd) practices of heat consumption and temperature settings. Grounded in its original data, the study organizes its findings inductively across the five themes of literacy (heating knowledge, awareness and control), sustainability (heating practices, dynamics and conflicts), temperature (heating satisfaction and preferences), desirability of change (low-carbon heating priorities, business models and trust), and culture (country and national variation). The study also explores intersections between these dimensions, using multivariate analysis, as well as how preferences differ according to varying types of actors as well as geography and space.
This work concerns an area of magnetoactive polymer (MAP) research seldom considered. Traditionally only MAP with high concentrations of magnetic filler (typically between 10 and 90 wt%) have been investigated. This article deals with a hitherto neglected aspect of research, namely MAP containing lower magnetic filler concentrations (1 to 3 wt%). This article utilizes a range of spectroscopic analysis methods (Raman and FTIR) and their applicability to MAP characterization at wavelengths ranging from 2.5 to 25 mu m. Particular attention is paid to low carbonyl iron particle (CIP) concentrations in MAP for which the emergence of capillary doublets at a critical 2 wt% concentration is revealed. This results in measurable magnetic field-dependent changes in IR absorption at a wavelength of 4.255 mu m together with a detectable CO2 susceptibility. (c) 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48366.
Power-to-Methane as one part of Power-to-Gas has been recognized globally as one of the key elements for the transition towards a sustainable energy system. While plants that produce methane catalytically have been in operation for a long time, biological methanation has just reached industrial pilot scale and near-term commercial application. The growing importance of the biological method is reflected by an increasing number of scientific articles describing novel approaches to improve this technology. However, these studies are difficult to compare because they lack a coherent nomenclature. In this article, we present a comprehensive set of parameters allowing the characterization and comparison of various biological methanation processes. To identify relevant parameters needed for a proper description of this technology, we summarized existing literature and defined system boundaries for Power-to-Methane process steps. On this basis, we derive system parameters providing information on the methanation system, its performance, the biology and cost aspects. As a result, three different standards are provided as a blueprint matrix for use in academia and industry applicable to both, biological and catalytic methanation. Hence, this review attempts to set the standards for a comprehensive description of biological and chemical methanation processes.
The present work aims at the thermodynamic analysis of different working pairs in adsorption heat transformers (AdHT) for low-temperature waste heat upgrade in industrial processes. Two different AdHT configurations have been simulated, namely with and without heat recovery between the adsorbent beds. Ten working pairs, employing different adsorbent materials and four different refrigerants, have been compared at varying working boundary conditions. The effects of heat recovery and the presence of a temperature gradient for heat transfer between sinks/sources and the AdHT components have been analyzed. The achieved results demonstrate the possibility of increasing the overall performance when internal heat recovery is implemented. They also highlight the relevant role played by the existing temperature gradient between heat transfer fluids and components, that strongly affect the real operating cycle of the AdHT and thus its expected performance. Both extremely low, i.e., 40-50 degrees C, and low (i.e., 80 degrees C) waste heat source temperatures were investigated at variable ambient temperatures, evaluating the achievable COP and specific energy. The main results demonstrate that optimal performance can be achieved when 40-50 K of temperature difference between waste heat source and ambient temperature are guaranteed. Furthermore, composite sorbents demonstrated to be the most promising adsorbent materials for this application, given their high sorption capacity compared to pure adsorbents, which is reflected in much higher achievable specific energy.
Tonal components can be regarded as one of the most relevant components for interior sound quality of electric vehicles, especially at low speeds. Sources for these tones are for example the vehicles' drivetrains but also other technical components. Depending on the driving conditions, due to the interaction of various dominant sources, audible tone complexes can occur. Similar to musical intervals, the different frequency ratios within these complexes can result in consonant or dissonant sensations. The strength of this sensation does not only depend on the frequency relation of the tones but also on their relative levels. In this study, different musical intervals were subjectively rated in terms of their specific consonant or dissonant character. Using an adaptive procedure, sound pairs, each consisting of a two-tone signal, where adjusted to equal dissonance by varying the level of the second tone of one of the two-tone signals. Using the same paradigm, also pairs of equal vehicle sound quality were obtained. With these results, it is possible to quantify dissonance, and theinfluence of dissonance on sound quality expressed in terms of level differences of two-tone signals. These results can help to make the concept of dissonance more useful for sound-engineering applications.
The objectives of this work include the analysis of electrical and magnetic properties of magneto-elastic hybrid materials with the intention of developing new techniques for sensor and actuator applications. This includes the investigation of dielectric properties at both low and high frequencies. The behaviour of capacitors whose dielectrics comprise magnetic hybrid materials is well known. Such interfacial magnetocapacitance can be varied according to magnetic content, magnetic flux density and the relative permittivity of the polymer matrix together with other dielectric content. The basic function of trapping electrical charges in polymers (electrets) is also established technology. However, the combination of magnetoactive polymers and electrets has led to the first electromagnetic device capable of adhering to almost any material, whether magnetically susceptible or not. During the course of this research, in addition to dielectrics, electrically conductive polymers based on (PDMS) matrices were developed in order to vary the electrical properties of the material in a targeted manner. In order to ensure repeatable results, this demanded new fabrication techniques hitherto unavailable. The 3D printing of silicones is far from being a mature technology and much pioneering work was necessary before extending the usual 3 d.o.f. to include orientation about and diffusion of particles in these three axes, thus leading to the concept of 6D printing. In 6D printing, the application of a magnetic field can be used during the curing process to control the particulate distribution and thus the spatial filler particle density as desired. Most of the devices (sensors and actuators) produced by such methods contain levels of carbonyl iron powder (CIP) embedded magnetic filler of up to 70 wt%. Contrary to this, a hitherto neglected research area, namely magnetoactive polymers (MAPs) having significantly lower magnetic particle concentrations (1 to 3 wt% CIP) were also investigated. With filler concentrations lower than 3 wt%, structures are formed which are completely absent at higher filler levels. CIP concentrations in the range of 1wt% demonstrate the formation of toroidal structures. Further development of coherent rings with a compact order results as filler concentrations increase towards 2 wt%. Above 3 wt% the structure eventually disintegrates to the usual random order found in traditional MAP with higher CIP content. Structured samples containing 1%–3 wt% CIP were investigated with the aid of X-ray tomography where solitary ring structures can be observed and eventually the formation of capillary doubles. Over wavelengths ranging from 1 to 25 µm, spectroscopic analysis of thin film MAP samples containing 2 wt% CIP revealed measurable magnetic-field-dependent changes in IR absorption at a wavenumber 2350 (λ = 4.255 µm). This was found to be due to the diamagnetic susceptibility of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Consequently, the first potential application for sparse matrix MAPs was found.
The electrical properties of rheopectic magnetoactive composites comprising boron-organo-silicon oxide dielectric matrices containing carbonyl iron microparticles are presented for the first time. The increase in interfacial magnetocapacitance is seen to greatly exceed that experienced when using conventional elastomeric matrices such as polydimethylsiloxane. In addition to the increase in capacitance, a simultaneous and sharp decrease in the parallel electrical resistance over several orders of magnitude is also observed. The effects are time dependent but repeatable. Potential applications include magnetically controlled frequency dependent devices, magnetic sensor systems, weighting elements for neural networks, etc.
As part of a systematic approach towards the search for alternative absorption heat pump (AHP) working pairs that could potentially provide comparable performance to conventional ones, a previous work performed a detailed theoretical cycle analysis and simulation that revealed concrete correlations between key working fluid thermophysical properties and AHP performance indicators. Following this work, targeted combinations of two organic refrigerants, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) and 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanol (5FP) and two organic absorbents, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) and 2-pyrrolidone (PYR) were tested in a prototype 5 kW AHP, based on a highly compact plate heat exchanger design, which has been previously introduced. The purpose of this effort was to test the findings of the previous work with experimental measurements. The working pair combinations were also subjected to vapor liquid equilibrium (VLE) and viscosity measurements, in order to determine reliable activity coefficient and improve the accuracy of the simulations. The experimental performance data agree well with the COP simulations and show to be consistent with the conclusions derived from the previous theoretical work.
A review of the current use of multibody dynamics methods in the analysis of the dynamics of vehicles is given. Railway vehicle dynamics as well as road vehicle dynamics are considered, where for the latter the dynamics of cars and trucks and the dynamics of single-track vehicles, in particular motorcycles and bicycles, are reviewed. Commonalities and differences are shown, and open questions and challenges are given as directions for further research in this field.
Ammonia-based selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems are the most widely used technology for reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions from lean-burn engines such as diesel engines. However, at low exhaust temperatures, the SCR process is limited by difficulties in the decomposition of the ammonia precursor urea, which is carried on-board using an aqueous solution "AdBlue". In this study, the decomposition of AdBlue urea induced by electrical current and the resulting associated pH shifts were investigated in a divided cell configuration in the liquid phase. The decomposition was found to be favored in both electrochemical compartments, anodic and cathodic, at temperatures of 60-80 degrees C compared to a reference without electrochemical treatment. In addition to the determination of ammonia contents using an ammonia sensor, IC/HPLC analyses were carried out for each sample. Different side products such as biuret, nitrate, cyanuric acid, ammelide, and others were formed. In the anodic compartment, nitrate formation could be observed due to oxidation of ammonia at the electrode surface.
[GRAPHICS]
.
This work aims at investigating the reduction/oxidation (redox) reaction kinetics on iron oxide pellets under different operating conditions of thermochemical hydrogen storage. In order to reduce the iron oxide pellets (90% Fe2O3, 10% stabilizing cement), hydrogen (H2) is applied in different concentrations with nitrogen (N2), as a carrier gas, at temperatures between between 700 ∘C and 900 ∘C, thus simulating the charging phase. The discharge phase is triggered by the flow of a mixture out of steam (H2O) and N2 at different concentrations in the same temperature range, resulting in the oxidizing of the previously reduced pellets. All investigations were carried out in a thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA) with a flow rate of 250mL/min. To describe the obtained kinetic results, a simplified analytical model, based on the linear driving force model, was developed. The investigated iron oxide pellets showed a stable redox performance of 23.8% weight reduction/gain, which corresponds to a volumetric storage density of 2.8kWh/(L bulk), also after the 29 performed redox cycles. Recalling that there is no H2 stored during the storage phase but iron, the introduced hydrogen storage technology is deemed very promising for applications in urban areas as day-night or seasonal storage for green hydrogen.