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More and more generation facilities are installed far away from the load centers. Thus, long distance transmission is demanded, and with this regard DC transmission systems are of special interest. Transmission by overhead lines is a well-proven technology, but due to environmental concern and political decisions underground transmission systems are often requested. Besides DC cables, DC GIL are an interesting option. They enable transmitting high power by only one system in a small corridor only a few meters wide. GIL can be laid in a tunnel or directly buried in the soil. Meanwhile a lot of service experience has been collected with AC GIL technology, but no service experience is yet available with DC GIL. To close this knowledge gap and to investigate the long-term performance, a ±550 kV DC GIL prototype with a current carrying capacity of 5000 A is currently investigated in a HVDC test facility, both in directly buried and in above-ground installation. The test procedure follows the recommendations for long-term testing of gas-insulated systems, currently under preparation by Cigré JWG D1/B3.57. This report describes the test sample arrangements, the high-voltage and high current test equipment and the commissioning procedure for the DC GIL. It illustrates the UHF PD monitoring system installed and the method to identify possible PD defects. The investigated DC GIL is subdivided into two parts: While an above-ground installation is simultaneously stressed by voltage and DC current, a directly buried part of the DC GIL is stressed with DC current only in order to investigate soil mechanics, the temperature distribution in the GIL and in the soil as well as the performance of the backfill material. The report also presents first results gained on the directly buried arrangement for studying the soil mechanics.
Interethnische Freundschaftsbeziehungen und Partnerschaften als Indikator der sozialen Integration
(2006)
Der Beitrag befasst sich mit interethnischen Beziehungen als Indikator der sozialen Integration. Theoretischer Ansatzpunkt für die Erklärung der Freundes- und Partnerwahl sind Gelegenheitsstrukturen, Ressourcenausstattung und ethnische Präferenzen. Datenbasis ist der Integrationssurvey des Bundesinstituts für Bevölkerungsforschung, eine Befragung von 18- 30-Jährigen mit deutscher, italienischer und türkischer Abstammung sowie das Sozio-ökonomische Panel. Mit Methoden der Netzwerkanalyse werden interethnische Freundschaften und die ethnische Homogenität der Freundesnetzwerke untersucht. Generell haben Italienischstämmige häufiger als Türkischstämmige deutsche Freunde. Deutsch-Italiener haben häufiger Freundschaftsbeziehungen zu Deutschen als Deutsch-Türken; sie weisen ein hohes aufnahmelandspezifisches soziales Kapital und ein hohes Ausmaß sozialer Integration auf. Die Untersuchung der Partnerschaften zeigt, dass anhand der zunehmenden deutsch-türkischen Eheschließungen die interethnische Partnerwahl überschätzt wird. Im Gegensatz zu Deutsch-Italienern erweist sich die Partnerwahl von Türken und Deutsch-Türken in der Regel als intraethnisch. Eine Erklärung für Unterschiede zwischen Deutsch-Italienern und Deutsch-Türken könnte der intergenerationale Ressourcentransfer sein.
Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the main tasks, necessary skills, and the implementation of the offshore coordinator’s role to facilitate knowledge transfer in information systems (IS) offshoring.
Design/methodology/approach
This empirical exploratory study uses the classical Delphi method that includes one qualitative and two quantitative rounds to collect data on IS experts’ perceptions to seek a consensus among them.
Findings
The participants agreed, with strong consensus, for a set of 16 tasks and 15 skills. The tasks focused primarily on relationship management and facilitating knowledge transfer on different levels. The set of skills consists of approximately 25 per cent “hard” skills, e.g. professional language skills and project management skills, and approximately 75 per cent “soft” skills, e.g. interpersonal and communication skills and the ability to deal with conflict. Two factors mainly influence implementing the offshore coordinator role: project size and the number of projects to be supported simultaneously.
Practical implications
The findings provide indications of how to define and fulfill this crucial role in practice to facilitate the knowledge transfer process in a positive way.
Originality/value
Similarities in previous research findings are aggregated to examine the intermediate role in detail from a consolidated perspective. This results in the first comprehensive set of critical tasks and skills assigned to the competency dimensions of the universal competency framework, demonstrating which and how many competency dimensions are critical.