Fakultät Angewandte Sozial- und Gesundheitswissenschaften
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Studies conducted by R. Conrad (1970, 1973) and M. I. Posner et al (1969) led to the hypothesis that the prelingually deaf encode visually perceived verbal information on the basis of its form. To examine this hypothesis, the RTs of 19 congenitally deaf and 33 normal 9–16 yr olds were measured as the Ss compared successively presented pairs of upper- and lowercase letters. Results fail to support the hypothesis and demonstrate the importance of the effects of development and of modern education programs for the deaf on the encoding of perceived verbal materials. (French abstract) (33 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Autistic symptoms become apparent at the earliest during the 2nd-3rd month of life when the spontaneous registration of the meaning of specific-visual stimuli (eyes, configuration of the mother's face) do not occur and also learning experiences by reason of mimic and gestures repeatedly shown by the interaction partner can neither evoke a social smile nor stimulate anticipational behaviour. Even with increasing age an empathetic perception of feelings in the corresponding mimical gesticular formation is very difficult and they themselves are only insufficiently able to express their own feelings intelligibly to everyone. As mimic and gestures are, however, visually perceived, the autistic perceptive child's competence is of great importance. On the basis of the examinations of visual perception (retinal pathology, tunnel vision) perceptual processing (recognition of feelings, sex and age) and the disintegration of multimodal stimuli it can be presumed that social and emotional deficits are to be seen in connection with a deviant perceptive interpretation of the world and irregular processing on the basis of a neuro-biological handicap (the absence of a genetic determined reference-system for emotionally significant stimuli), which can have various causes (comp. Gillberg 1988) and also impede the adequate expression of feelings in mimic, gestures and voice. Autistic people see, experience and understand the world in a specific way in which and by which they differ from non-handicapped people.
Angekündigte Rechtsprechungsänderungen - Die „Annunziationsjudikatur“ des Bundesarbeitsgerichts
(1992)
The efficacy of psychological treatment to reduce pain has recently been shown in a number of studies. They are considered to enhance or even replace medical approaches in pain management, especially in chronic pain-states. The study reported here aimed to test two established (multimodal pain management, relaxation training) and one newly designed approach (visualization techniques) in comparison with a control group (medical treatment alone). The study was conducted with in-patients (N = 46; rheumatoid arthritis). Medical and pain data were gathered before and after treatment. Patients also filled out questionnaires in the beginning and at the end of the study assessing pain-experience, emotional states and capability to cope with pain. Patients participating in the multimodal pain management group and the visualization group profited from participation (especially in pain reduction) only if they gained substantially extents in the capability to cope with pain. Simply taking part in the groups and not reaching acceptable measures to cope with pain had no or negative effects. Both approaches were clearly above the control- and the relaxation-condition (relaxation participants were hardly better than the controls). The range of efficacy was broadest in the multimodal group (in addition to pain-reduction, substantial improvements in emotional states were obtained). However, visualization techniques, which were tested empirically for the first time here, can also be recommended as pain management therapy.