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This paper provides an overview of the state of art of research on social entrepreneurship and the establishment of this topic in the academic world, It uses scientometric methods in measuring the maturity of social entrepreneurship research. The empirical part reveals the exponentially growing number of papers, the institutionalization of social entrepreneurship in seven dimensions the emergence of thematic clusters, and methodological issues. The paper makes concrete suggestions on how to overcome methodological challenges. Furthermore, we provide a ranking of the 22 most cited academic contributions in social entrepreneurship. Surprisingly, almost half of the most cited papers have not been published in journals but in books, raising doubts about the current (over-)rating of journal publications.
"Gazellen" - schnell wachsende Jungunternehmen: Definitionen, Forschungsrichtungen und Implikationen
(2012)
Schnell wachsende Jungunternehmen – bildlich als “Gazellen“ bezeichnet – sind von großer Bedeutung für die positiven ökonomischen Effekte, die man mit Entrepreneurship verbindet. Dennoch ist der Begriff der "Gazelle" in der Literatur noch nicht annähernd einheitlich definiert. Dieser Beitrag macht mit den wesentlichen Begriffsdefinitionen vertraut und unterzieht diese einer kritischen Würdigung. Es werden vier grundsätzliche Forschungsrichtungen identifiziert, die sich um das Thema “Gazellen“ etabliert haben: (1) phänomenologische Beschreibungen, (2) volkswirtschaftliche Wirkungen, (3) Rahmenbedingungen ihrer Entstehung (externe Erfolgsfaktoren), sowie (4) Gründungs- und Wachstumsmanagement (interne Erfolgsfaktoren). Ein Überblick über die Literatur soll einen vertiefenden Einstieg in die Thematik erleichtern. Abschließend werden definitorische Forderungen, Probleme bei der Auswahl von Stichproben und Empfehlungen für die zukünftige Erforschung von schnell wachsenden Jungunternehmen formuliert.
A Bibliometric Based Review on Social Entrepreneurship and its Establishment as a Field of Research
(2013)
This paper provides an overview on the state of art of research on social entrepreneurship and the establishment of this topic in the academic world. It uses scientometric methods, especially bibliometrics, in measuring the maturity of social entrepreneurship research. The empirical part reveals the increasing number of
literature, the institutionalization of social entrepreneurship in seven dimensions, the emergence of thematic clusters, and methodological issue. The paper makes concrete suggestions on how to overcome methodological challenges at the boarder of advanced
qualitative and early quantitative research designs. Using Harzing’s “Publish or Perish” software this article furthermore provides a ranking of the 20 most cited academic contributions in social entrepreneurship. Surprisingly, almost half of the most cited
papers have not been published in journals but in books, rising doubts on the current (over-)rating of journal publications.
The University of Wuppertal is among the relatively small group of universities which were continuously supported by the EXIST program through all three stages of EXIST I, II, and III. In this article we want to outline the development of “BIZEPS” from 1999 to 2003/04. A subsequent article in this volume will reflect on the development from 2005 to 2011. The acronym BIZEPS has always remained part of the names of follow-up projects and sustainable structures which persisted after the end of government financing. At the end of February 2011, the latest EXIST-project in Wuppertal, BIZEPS gazelles, has been concluded formally; but then again it did not really come to an end, since its core functions can now be continued through internal funding. Sustainable structural changes have been established, and the lessons learned as well as the spirit of BIZEPS gazelles are still present. Now, in summer 2011, Wuppertal is preparing for its second application for EXIST IV. EXIST IV would be the concluding highlight to the university’s long-lasting commitment to entrepreneurship by crafting and – more important – incorporating an entrepreneurial strategy not only for parts of the university, but rather for its entire body. But how did Wuppertal University get to this point? In this article we would like to describe the history of entrepreneurship at the University of Wuppertal. This reflection in form of a case study might offer insights and lessons to be learned that are instructive to other universities which are about to start or to advance their entrepreneurial ecosystem (for a similar approach in describing the development of entrepreneurship within educational institutions see e.g. Cruikshank 2005; in addition see e.g. Wright et al. (ed.) (2007), Isenberg (2010), and Fetters (2010)).
In our first contribution to this volume we have lined out how academic entrepreneurship emerged. In this second article we would like to describe its further evolution. The development is structured by two main phases according to the impulses generated by EXIST II and EXIST III. In a conclusion we will provide a representative group of examples for start-ups that had been founded through all three stages of the EXIST program. Some thoughts on further development of academic entrepreneurship at Wuppertal University will end our journey through the development of Wuppertal’s EXIST initiative BIZEPS.