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Purpose
The purpose of this study was to gather data about physical activity and quality of life (QoL) for people of working age with visual impairments to optimize upcoming physical activity-based interventions in vocational rehabilitation.
Methods
Two hundred and seventy-seven former participants of four vocational rehabilitation centres in Germany answered an online questionnaire. The health-related QOL has been assessed by means of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. The data were analysed via multivariate analysis of covariances (MANCOVAs), univariate analysis of covariances (ANCOVAs) and discriminant function analysis.
Results
Compared to a normative group of adults aged 36-45, the study group showed lower values in all domains of QOL. The MANCOVA (visual acuity) produced no multivariate significant effect. Also, the ANCOVA showed no significant effect for the global dimension of the WHOQOL-BREF. The MANCOVA (leisure time activity) produced a multivariate significant effect. Post-hoc ANCOVAS revealed significant effects for all four domains of QoL. The ANCOVA analysing the global domain showed a similar significant effect as well. The active persons had higher values in all domains of QoL compared to the more passive participants.
Conclusion
Interventions in vocational rehabilitation should focus on leisure time activity to enhance QoL. At this stage, the role of physical activity is still unclear and further studies are needed.
Implications for rehabilitation People with visual impairments often show a worse quality of life than normal-sighted people.
The degree of severity of the visual impairment does not affect quality of life.
Sport and physical activity are effective means of improving quality of life.
An active leisure time activity supports the improvement of the quality of life of visual-impaired people that participated in a vocational rehabilitation.
Die berufliche Rehabilitation für Menschen mit Sehschädigung soll die Rehabilitanden durch vielfältige Maßnahmen befähigen, wieder im Berufsleben Fuß zu fassen. Neben sensomotorischen Fähigkeiten zur Verbesserung der Alltagsmobilität sind für die Beschäftigungsfähigkeit und die berufliche Teilhabe auch psychosoziale Kompetenzen wie Durchhaltevermögen und Flexibilität notwendig. Verf. stellen die Hintergründe des Projekts "Förderung der beruflichen Rehabilitation und der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit von Menschen mit Sehschädigung durch regelmäßiges Sporttreiben" vor und nennen die Fragestellungen, denen in der anschließend skizzierten Studie nachgegangen wurde. Dabei ging es unter anderem um den Einfluss der sportlichen Aktivität auf die Beschäftigungsfähigkeit von Menschen mit Sehschädigung. Die Methodik und Ergebnisse der Studie werden vorgestellt und abschließend diskutiert.
The purpose of this study was to empirically analyze the sports background, personality dimensions, attitudes, and social competencies of adult head coaches and young assistant coaches involved in the German Einfach Fußball ( Just Soccer) program, which promotes the participation of pupils with intellectual disabilities in soccer/sports and society. Methods. The study recruited 28 head coaches and 29 assistant coaches who completed a questionnaire battery of standardized instruments (NEO Five-Factor Inventory, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, Social Self-Efficacy) as well as self-developed instruments. Analysis of the data involved descriptive and inferential statistical procedures. A descriptive comparison of the assistant coaches with a normative sample of males aged 16–20 years was performed. Results. The head coaches were found with little soccer/sports experience with persons with disabilities prior to participation in the Just Soccer program. However, the majority were familiar with these persons through personal/vocational contacts. Overall, the head coaches were differentiated by formal coaching levels and playing backgrounds, with very few holding any additional formal qualifications in special education. The assistant coaches pre
sented below average scores in the analyzed five personality dimensions when compared with the normative sample. Their attitudes
and social competencies did not change during their 8-month involvement in Just Soccer . Conclusions. The findings highlight
the important role of the coaching staff in the success of the Just Soccerprogram. coaches involved in such activities should be familiarized with needs of people with disabilities, be stress-resistant, and possess a balanced set of personality traits. In addition, the results suggest that such individuals should be coaches/players from conventional soccer clubs instead of special school physical education teachers.
Dieses Lehr- und Fachbuch gibt einen umfassenden Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der Wissenschaft im Bereich Behindertensport: Grundlagen: Entwicklung des Behindertensports, internationale Organisationen, aktuelle Diskussionen, u.v.m. / Zielgruppen des Behindertensports: Sportler mit körperlichen, Sinnes- und geistigen Beeinträchtigungen / Anwendungsfelder: die wichtigsten Sportarten mit Regelwerken, Klassifizierung und Zielgruppen.