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FMS-Berichte (Mai 2021)
(2021)
Dieser Bericht entstand auf Initiative der Studierenden des 2020 neu gegründeten Masterstudiengangs „Elektro- und Informationstechnik (MEI)“, die an der Pflichtlehrveranstaltung „Forschungsmethoden und Seminar (FMS)“ im Wintersemester 2020/21 teilnahmen.
Diese Lehrveranstaltung hat das Ziel, systematisch an das wissenschaftliche Arbeiten, speziell die Wissenschaftskommunikation, heranzuführen.
Daher war geeignete Literatur zu einem individuellen Thema zu recherchieren, Veröffentlichungen auf ihre Relevanz hin zu beurteilen und letztendlich eine eigene Ausarbeitung basierend auf der Literaturrecherche zu erarbeiten und diese in einem Vortrag zu präsentieren.
Parallel dazu erfolgte im Theorieteil die entsprechende Hinführung zu den verschiedenen Elementen der Wissenschaftskommunikation:
• Bedeutung der Wissenschaftskommunikation für die Arbeit der Ingenieure in Forschung und Entwicklung
• Literaturrecherche, Suchmaschinen, Sichtung und Analyse vorhandener Publikationen, Bewertung der Qualität aufgefundener Fachliteratur, Auswahl geeigneter Materialien für die eigene Arbeit
• Aufbereitung und Darstellung der recherchierten technischer Inhalte in Form einer seitenanzahlbegrenzten wissenschaftlichen Ausarbeitung
• Einhalten formaler Randbedingungen bzgl. Strukturierung, einschl. Bildnachweise und Zitationsstile
• Peer-review-Prozess bei wertschätzender Beurteilung der Leistung anderer
• Publikumsangepasstes Aufbereiten komplexer fachlicher Inhalte mit hochschulöffentlicher Präsentation der Ergebnisse
• Führen mündlicher wissenschaftlicher Diskurse
Nachdem die Masterstudierenden in der Regel über noch keine eigene
wissenschaftliche Forschungserfahrung bzw. -inhalte verfügen, lag der wählbare Schwerpunkt der Literatursuche auf der Bearbeitung von vorgegeben aktuellen technischen oder gesellschaftspolitischen Forschungsthemen.
Vertical Sound Localization: Precision and Robustness to Reverberation in a Large-Scale Study
(2025)
Vertical sound localization, the ability to perceive the elevation of a sound source, is a fundamental aspect of human auditory perception, yet it remains far less understood than horizontal localization. Existing studies rely on small sample sizes, limiting the generalizability of findings. The presented study bridges that gap by examining vertical sound localization and precision in a cohort exceeding 150 participants, making it the largest investigation of its kind to date.Participants were exposed to broadband noise stimuli from various elevations under controlled anechoic conditions. The elevation localization error was measured by comparing perceived sound source elevations to actual positions of speakers of a curved array. Azimuth angles of arrival were altered between 0°, 45° and 90°. For a small group the experiment was repeated in echoic conditions, to gain insight in reverberation and reflection robustness of vertical sound localization.This large-scale study establishes benchmarks for vertical sound localization precision and robustness, advancing our understanding of human auditory spatial perception. These findings have implications for audio technology development, such as spatial audio rendering and hearing aid design, and lay the groundwork for further exploration into the neural and anatomical underpinnings of vertical localization.
Background: This thesis deals with the potentials and challenges of
climbing for blind and visually impaired people. Objectives: The extent to which an
innovative technical assistance system can contribute to supporting this sport in
climbing gyms is analyzed. Methods: As part of this study, a needs analysis was
carried out using a mixed methods approach. This comprises an observational study,
expert interviews and a quantitative survey of the potential target group. Results:
The studies show that climbing can promote the development of social and physical
skills. Nevertheless, there are needs and challenges, such as finding the next hold on
a route. Conclusions: The technical assistance system could provide support by
addressing these specific challenges and needs of blind and visually impaired people
when climbing and supporting them with acoustic signals.
Active noise control reduces unwanted sound by generating the anti-noise. Neural network-based approaches have shown superior noise reduction performance compared to the conventional filtered-x least mean squares algorithm in simulation environments. However, we observed that it generates excessive mid- and high-frequency components, which increase residual error. To address this, we propose a low-frequency focused learning, which applies a low-pass filter (LPF) during training and canceling to improve lower frequency reduction. We evaluate the proposed method using data that simulates the real environment of active noise canceling in headphones and includes the effects of the primary path obtained through measurement. Evaluated results showed the proposed method achieved improvements of 3.12 dB (41.4%) average noise reduction and a maximum of 6.03 dB over the previous method without LPF.
Loudspeaker arrays are commonly used to investigate human auditory perception, such as measuring Head-Related Transfer Functions or sound localization abilities. In this work, a matrix of individually selectable loudspeakers is developed with the aim of evaluating the ability to locate and distinguish multiple sound sources in space. The matrix consists of 200 loudspeakers arranged in 20 rows and 10 columns. The setup includes hardware and software developments, which are discussed in detail. The hardware includes digital logic circuitry and a microcontroller-based control unit that enables individual addressing of each loudspeaker. Each speaker can be activated with one of four selectable audio channels.The software interface is hosted on a web application provided by the microcontroller, allowing users to configure the system, select or upload sound files, and control playback. For localization experiments, up to four loudspeakers can be activated simultaneously with distinct sounds. This setup enables controlled studies on spatial hearing and supports the development of auditory guidance systems for visually impaired individuals.
The eye is often described as the most important human sensory organ. For visually impaired people, this sense is partially or completely absent. An important goal for an inclusive society is to enable visually impaired people to participate in everyday life, such as work and sport. This is why assistance systems are being developed that use or enhance other senses. Technology makes this levelling possible and offers new potential. Climbing represents an excellent example of a manageable but nonetheless challenging hand-eye coordination problem. A visual sensor system is required to localize wall geometry and climbing holds. The most critical step is to present the data in an intuitive and comprehensive way using other senses. Taste and smell do not allow a complete representation of three-dimensional features. The sense of touch is important as soon as the hold is within reach. Spatial hearing offers great potential, but also many challenges, such as the simultaneous acoustic representation of the holds, their distance, and position. The aim of the presented system is to output a synthetically generated signal on headphones in such a way that a hold can be localized as if it were actually emitting a signal.
