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Dieser forschungsmethodische Leitfaden behandelt folgende Themen:
(1) Wissenschaftlicher Transfer von komplexen Interventionen inkl. Fragestellungen und Methoden von Machbarkeits-, Wirksamkeits- und Implementationsstudien.
(2) Recherchestrategien zur Krankheitslast inkl. Folgen für Betroffene und Gesellschaft und Versorgungsstatus durch Gesundheitsfachberufe.
(3) Präzisierung von Forschungsfragestellungen.
(4) Evidenzrecherche, Evidenzmapping und Beurteilung der Evidenzlage.
(5) Fördermöglichkeiten von Forschungsprojekten.
(6) Forschungsnetzwerke in den Gesundheitsfachberufen.
Forschung 2018
(2018)
Background:
People with aphasia (PWA) often have a reduced quality of life. Nevertheless, there are currently only a few specific services that respond to this problem. Hence, there is a pressing need for action to improve participation and well-being of people with aphasia. An adapted social network could be a solution. Well-being could be increased by exchanging experiences with peers in a similar situation. Moreover, comprehensive digital coverage would also be possible in rural and underserved areas. This digital social network should be adapted to the specific needs of PWA. Therefore, a participatory, agile process with the involvement of the target group should be adopted.
Aim:
The aim is to develop and evaluate a social media platform as a smartphone app to support the social integration of PWA and to improve their quality of life. In addition to the digital exchange, face-to-face meetings between PWA should be stimulated.
Design:
The study will be conducted in a randomised pretest-posttest control group design with follow-up testing. The participants will be randomly assigned to the experimental intervention (36 participants) or the control intervention (36 participants). The primary outcome is quality of life, measured with the SAQOL-39. At all measurement times, psychological well-being is recorded with the help of two measuring instruments (GHQ-12 & DISCs). The secondary outcome is the recording of social contacts and activities as well as associated emotions, registered in a structured diary. In addition, communication skills (measured with the CPIB) and social support (recorded with the F-SozU) will be examined.
Method:
During the first project phase, a user-centred, agile development process will be adopted to design the app. The target group will be involved in the app development in a participatory manner. A workshop is planned for the users of the app. In the second phase, the usability and user-friendliness of the app will first be evaluated in a feasibility study. Subsequently, in the main study, the app will then be tested by the target group for 4 months.
Discussion:
The app developed in the research project is the first social network that is tailored to the needs and capabilities of PWA. It aims to enable better exchange between PWA to improve social participation and quality of life.
Background and Objectives
Older adults in long-term residential aged care experience loneliness and reduced quality of life (QoL). Biographical approaches use the recall of the past events to increase self-efficacy, promote acceptance, and improve QoL. The aim of the systematic review was to examine the effectiveness of biographical approaches in improving the QoL of older adults in long-term residential aged care.
Research Design and Methods
This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, using databases Medline, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library. A 2-phase search strategy was used to identify research literature relating to the use of biographical interventions. Narrative analysis was used to synthesize results.
Results
Twenty-one studies met inclusion criteria for this review, comprising both group and individual interventions. The findings were inconsistent. Subjective elements of QoL of older adults improved in a narrow majority of the studies. Of a total of 21 outcomes investigated in group interventions, 11 resulted in significant improvements in QoL. The 16 outcomes of the individual interventions resulted in 10 significant improvements. The most significant influence was observed in life satisfaction. Group reminiscence also had a particularly strong influence on self-esteem.
Discussion and Implications
Although benefits were observed, it remains unclear why some interventions led to improvements in subjective elements of QoL and others did not. Exploration of the participant perspective through qualitative data collection and more detailed description of interventions in future studies could lead to a better understanding of the treatment components that are related to improved outcomes for older adults.
Menschen mit Aphasie erleben häufig Einbußen in Lebensqualität und Identitäts-wie Autonomieerleben sowie in der Aufrechterhaltung sozialer Beziehungen.Aphasie-Selbsthilfegruppen (ASHG) können Kommunikation und soziale Inklusion und somi tAnpassungsprozesse und Sinnerleben fördern. Meist werden sie von Therapeut/-innen oder Angehörigen geleitet und integrieren Betroffene wie Angehörige. Dadurch verbleiben Betroffene in der Rolle passiver Hilfsempfänger/-innen. Von Betroffenen geleitete spezifische Gruppen können in besonderer Weise Selbstwert erleben und Partizipation der Gruppenleitungen und-mitglieder fördern. Mit der Ausrichtung auf biographische Inhalte können explizit die Auseinandersetzung mit der eigenen veränderten Identität und damit Selbstwert erleben stimuliert werden. Das Ziel des Projekts shalk ist, Menschen mit Aphasie durch eine passgenaue Schulung und Begleitung mit Moderationsübungen und biographischen Inhalten zu befähigen, die Leitung von ASHG zu übernehmen. Damit soll die Steigerung der Lebensqualität von Leitung und Teilnehmenden erreicht werden. Die Maßnahme wird aktuell in einem Mixed-Methods-Design mit Vor-und Nachtest sowie einer Follow-up-Untersuchung nach sechs Monaten evaluiert. Erste quantitative Daten zeigen signifikante Verbesserungen der Lebensqualität. Die qualitativen Daten weisen daraufhin, dass die Gruppenmoderation durch Betroffene trotz kommunikativer Schwierigkeiten in den ASHG zunehmendgelingt. In diesem Artikel werden Einflussfaktoren auf die ASHG wie Organisation, inhaltliche Ausrichtung und Gruppenusammensetzung näher beleuchtet. Weiterhin werden der theoretische Hintergrund sowie das Vorgehen in Schulung und Begleitung beschrieben.Erste Erkenntnisse werden diskutiert.
Background
Older adults in care facilities face a high risk of experiencing depression. The impact that early interventions like biographical work have on the quality of life for older adults in such facilities is unknown.
Aim
To develop and evaluate a tablet-supported intervention for biographical work in long-term residential aged care to increase the quality of life for older adults.
Design
The study will be conducted in a randomized pretest–posttest control group design with follow-up testing in group and single settings. Participants will be randomized to the experimental intervention (tablet-supported biographic work) or the control intervention (planned tablet-supported game playing), each guided by senior volunteers. A total of 80 residents and 16 volunteers will be recruited. The primary outcome for the residents and volunteers will be quality of life as measured with the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment-for older adults. Secondary measures will be self-esteem and life satisfaction. In addition, we will examine residents’ ability to communicate and their functional independence.
Method
The first stage of the project involves developing an app. The app is developed in a user-centered, agile development process. It will use multimedia to prepare life history topics and links them to key questions. Next, a workshop is developed for the volunteers who accompany the use of the app in the institutions. During the second phase, biographic work stimulated by the app will be conducted in groups or individually with residents.
Discussion
This is the first known program tailored to older adults in care facilities and senior volunteers that aims to prevent depression by providing digitally supported biographic work.
Als Systemerkrankung beeinflusst die neurologische Sprachstörung Aphasie nicht nur die Betroffenen sondern in vergleichbarem Maße auch die Angehörigen. Es zeigt sich, dass die Lebensqualität der Angehörigen beeinträchtigt ist. Ziel der qualitativen Studie ist es, die subjektive Perspektive der Angehörigen auf die eigene Situation näher zu betrachten.