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Appropriate daily brushing of the teeth is important for preventing oral diseases. Therefore, a personal assistant for assessing and coaching appropriate toothbrushing is needed. Herein, a three-dimensional toothbrush position measurement method using augmented reality (AR) markers is proposed. The AR markers are detected via a brushing video captured using a smartphone camera. The AR markers are installed on each surface of a dodecahedron attached at the rear end of the toothbrush. This report describes the proposed method, the resulting toothbrush position measurement accuracy, and the optimal number of markers needed for an accurate measurement of the position.
Der Forschungsansatz der intelligenten Zahnbürste (SMART-iBrush) verfolgt das Ziel, dass Menschen die für sie effektivste Zahnputzmethode unter individueller Anleitung der Zahnbürste interaktiv trainieren können. Hierzu wurde eine Zahnbürste entwickelt, die Bewegung und Druckverlauf erfasst. Daten werden an ein Smart Device übertragen und können dort in Echtzeit visualisiert werden, z.B. in eher spielerischer Form für Jugendliche oder sachlich nüchterner Form für Erwachsene. In einem Feldversuch wurden Daten von 100-Probanden erfasst. Zukünftig soll mit der SMART-iBrush Technologie, bei deren Entwicklung Wissenschaftler in den Bereichen Psychologie, Zahnmedizin, Embedded Systems und Machine Learning kooperieren, auch die Güte des Putzvorgangs bewertet werden, um die Putzenden aktiv anzuleiten.
Intelligent toothbrush research (SMART-iBrush) aims to support humans in learning their individual, most effective tooth brushing technique. Therefore, a toothbrush was developed that measures motion and force applied to its tip. Measurements are transferred to a smart device where they can be visualized in real-time, for example in a more playful fashion for children or a-more factual fashion for adults. Field trials were conducted with 100 participants. Future features of SMART-iBrush 'will include interactive guidance and training techniques. To achieve these goals, researchers from the fields of psychology, dentistry, embedded systems, and machine learning cooperate in SMART-iBrush project.
In this paper, the results of Thermally Stimulated Depolarization Currents (TSDC)-measurements of a complex system of stacked dielectric layers, like typically appearing in semiconductor packages, is presented. Characteristics of the individual isolation layers are presented solely and the results are compared to the stack. The investigated layers are comprising polyimide film, alkali-free glass, polyolefin film and epoxy based mold compound. Measurements have been carried out in the temperature range from 19 - 195°C at varying polarization fields for every material. Various relaxation peaks, originated by different polarization mechanisms within the materials could be observed. A comparison between the TSDC-peaks of the layer stack and the individual materials is shown. Our results demonstrate, that the super positioned spectrum is getting dominated by a single portion, the mold compound.
This article describes a contactless fiber-optic position sensor. It comprises a Polymer Optical Fiber that is grinded to form a D-shaped cross-section with an exposed fiber core. This sensor has two photodiodes at both fiber ends to measure the emitted light intensity. Light is coupled using a red LED at the side face into the exposed core of the fiber at a defined position. The position of the LED at the length of the fiber is measured by calculating the optical power quotient measured by both photodiodes. To test this sensor, Polymer Optical Fibers with different side surface roughness are produced and qualified. Measurements show that the optical power quotient is reproducible and nearly linear over the length of the fiber. It is also seen that the fiber attenuation increases when grinding the fiber side-face with rougher sandpaper. Position measurements show an absolute position error of this sensor in the range of a few millimeters. Microscope images show surface defects along the polished side face of the fiber that are expected to lead to a nonuniform attenuation along the fiber and cause the position errors. Overall, it is proven that this sensor principle works as a contactless low-cost position sensor for short distances with an absolute position standard deviation error lower than 1 mm.
During recent years, there has been a trend to replace traditional lab courses by project-based learning activities. However, there is currently little scientific evidence for educational improvements through such changes. Some years ago, a lab course on electrical measurements in our bachelor Electrical Engineering and Information Technology was modified from single experiments to projects. This change led to a significant increase in the necessary manpower and lab costs. To justify these higher efforts, it is important to investigate if the learning success increased. We carried out the surveys and collected the statistical data from the students who attended this course. In order to see if the students appreciated this lab course and if there was an objective increase of the students' knowledge, these results were evaluated. Evaluation of the grades in the lecture and lab courses shows that the increase of the students' theoretical and practical knowledge is statistically significant.
During a student project a stratosphere balloon was developed and launched. This project included the definition of the balloon parameters and the scientific instruments for performing atmospheric measurements, the development of all mechanical and electronic parts, the administration of the project as well as the management tasks related to the balloon launch. The main challenge for the students was the high complexity of the project due to tasks involving many different knowledge domains and the long project duration from the initial definition to the launch.