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Intense femtosecond laser excitation can produce transient states of matter that would otherwise be inaccessible to laboratory investigation. At high excitation densities, the interatomic forces that bind solids and determine many of their properties can be substantially altered. Here, we present the detailed mapping of the carrier density-dependent interatomic potential of bismuth approaching a solid-solid phase transition. Our experiments combine stroboscopic techniques that use a high-brightness linear electron accelerator-based x-ray source with pulse-by-pulse timing reconstruction for femtosecond resolution, allowing quantitative characterization of the interatomic potential energy surface of the highly excited solid.
Ultrafast X-ray diffraction
(2005)
Ultrafast X-ray diffraction
(2004)
We apply ultrafast time‐resolved X‐ray diffraction to directly study coherent acoustic and optical phonons in laser‐excited materials. In Au the ps acoustic response has been investigated with the particular goal to clarify the interplay of electronic and thermal pressure contributions. In Bi the extreme softening of the coherently excited A 1 g optical phonon presents strong indication that upon intense laser‐excitation the Peierls‐transition which determines the equilibrium structure of Bi can be reversed. In FeRh we studied the lattice response after a fast laser‐induced anti‐ferromagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition.