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- peer-reviewed (25)
The use of robotics in construction projects is still in its infancy despite the opportunities that robots can present for the improvement of construction practices. One of the strategies to effectively increase the reliance on robots in construction is increasing the knowledge and improving the educational programs about robotics for university students. This paper contributes to the ongoing efforts worldwide to improve the teaching methods about construction robotics through the presentation of a novel method called “Imagine and Make”, in which students learn how to integrate robotics in different aspects and practices in construction projects. The method has been applied at Centrale Lille in France since 2018. The results of the application of “Imagine and Make” in the first semester of 2021–2022, evaluation by students, and teaching outcomes are reported in this paper.
This deliverable describes the results and reflections by the partners’ efforts on user acceptance and motivation strategies. The report presents the outcome of an identification and detailing of user acceptance and motivation strategies for the overall system (REACH, Touchpoints & Engine concept) and subsystems (Touchpoints, REACH toolkit elements), providing full consideration and detailing of ethical, privacy, legal and usability/accessibility aspects. The REACH system incorporates two strands of technological elements; on the one hand, sensing and monitoring elements, and, on the other hand, motivational and physical engagement elements. For both types, user acceptance is critical allowing for a user experience that leads to (intrinsic, extrinsic, etc.) motivation to more physical activity. The remainder of this Deliverable is structured as follows. First, we introduce the REACH-specific interplay of the concept “user acceptance” with the linked concepts “behaviour change/motivation” and “personalization” in the context of (early) physical activation of elderly persons, and outline the related work and activities conducted in REACH (overall and per TP). Second, we present an analysis and structuring of acceptability drivers (ethical, privacy/security, legal, and accessibility considerations) per Touchpoint. From this we developed an integrated view that represents REACH specific know-how about how to use these acceptability drivers to integrate advanced ICT-driven technology for early detection and intervention use cases seamlessly into age inclusive communities. Third, we present our findings in the context of the development of acceptability drivers for the use of sensing and monitoring elements. We conclude the deliverable by outlining acceptability related evidence and examples from REACH trials (based on Deliverable D27 findings), and by summarizing the overall findings of this deliverable.
Digital workflows in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry have been working with a wide range of software solutions trying to enable a Design-to-Production (DtP) end-to-end data flow. Thereby, state-of-the-art software solutions attempt to streamline the design and production processes accordingly.
However, most digital workflows lack in terms of adequate sequential data preparation, agglomeration, and interfacing capabilities for consecutive design phases. These issues result in long, tedious correction loops, a wide range of software solutions and extensions to mitigate the issues. In addition, many digital workflows do not consider or integrate construction, production and machine relevant data holistically (respectively geometry and semantics). In this context, the production relevant data in from of human-centered work process data referring to digital human models (DHM), derived human abilities, safety and ergonomic criteria are often neglected. However, this is essential to interface the construction, human and machine relevant data in a holistic manner.
This paper therefore proposes a DtP-workflow which is intended to solve some of the issues by interfacing relevant software solutions incorporating construction, production (including DHM and more) and machine relevant data in a holistic manner using a Building Information Modeling (BIM)-approach (based on the IFC schema). In this regard, the DtP-workflow aims to reverse common top-down digital workflows by considering and integrating the relevant data for consecutive design phases from the beginning. Subsequently, the DtP-workflow should achieve a reduction in planning effort.
Population aging is one of the major challenges facing the world. In particular, the advent of China's aging society caused by various factors will be a major threat to its future development. Therefore, serious measures need to be taken to achieve its demographic sustainability. Smart furniture can be considered as a novel subcategory of gerontechnology. One of the main outcomes of the EU-funded REACH project was a variety of smart furniture named Personalized Intelligent Interior Units (PI2Us) which served as the key component of a distributed intelligent home to promote the health and activity level of older adults. This outcome can potentially be a solution to mitigate the consequences caused by population aging. In order to understand the attitudes and opinions of Chinese older adults towards the relevant technologies, the authors conducted an opinion survey using the PI2Us as an example, which sampled more than 380 older adults in 26 out of 34 provincial-level administrative divisions of China. The survey showed that Chinese older adults in general have a highly positive attitude towards smart furniture and smart home technologies. Several other insights also can be revealed from the survey. Based on further analyses, the paper summarized why the elderly-oriented smart furniture and distributed intelligent home has the potential to thrive in China's market soon. Finally, a three-year project action plan for implementing localized solutions in cooperation with a large Chinese furniture manufacturer was presented.
The use of robotics in construction projects is still in its infancy despite the opportunities that robots can present to the improvement of construction practices. One of the strategies to effectively increase the reliance on robots in construction is increasing the knowledge and improving the educational programs about robotics for university students. This paper contributes to the ongoing efforts around the world to improve the teaching methods about construction robotics through the presentation of a novel method that is called “Imagine and Make”, in which students learn how to integrate robotics in different aspects and practices in construction projects. The method has been applied at Centrale Lille in France since 2018. The results of the application of “Imagine and Make” in the first semester in 2021-2022, evaluation by students, and teaching outcomes are reported in this paper. Keywords – Robotics, Construction management techniques, Construction 4.0, Robotics teaching, France
Structuring the context for construction robot development through integrated scenario approach
(2020)
The technological development of construction robots is underway globally. However, current development activities face significant uncertainties, particularly in terms of the definition and management of system requirements, which are primarily based on vague assumptions about the future. Thus, a new tool is required to grasp how construction robots—and their surrounding ecosystems—will be used. This research adopts an unprecedented scenario-based approach to develop and analyze future alternatives for construction robotics in a systematic manner. Hong Kong “toward 2035” is used as an initial test case, and four scenarios of the robot ecosystem, i.e., “Bottleneck,” “Age of Iron Worker,” “Dynamic Co-evolution of Robotization and Modularization,” and “Rise of the Robots,” are developed from evidence-based analysis. Scenarios highlight the crucial role of workers for construction robot utilization. Driving forces, opportunities, and challenges are identified for elaborating strategies under each scenario. The integrated scenario approach and findings lay an important foundation for systems engineering processes in construction robotics to develop a new tool for structuring system context and specifying system requirements.
Beton ist das am meisten verwendete Baumaterial weltweit. CO2-Emissionen, die bei der Zement- und Betonherstellung an-fallen, müssen reduziert, Produktionsmethoden verbessert und Betonzusammensetzungen angepasst werden. Zudem steigt die Nachfrage nach Beton, während fossile Brennstoffreserven und die Verfügbarkeit von mineralischen Rohstoffen abnehmen. Hinzu kommt, dass bei der Betonherstellung neue mineralogi-sche Phasen entstehen, was ein echtes Recycling erschwert. Die Implementierung kreislaufkonformer Strategien wie der Verlängerung der Nutzungsphase ist ein wichtiger Hebel, um Umweltwirkungen im Bauwesen zu reduzieren, und erfordert die ganzheitliche Betrachtung des Bauwerks. Besonders großes Potenzial liefern hier die digital vernetzte und modellba-sierte Planung sowie die darauf aufbauende robotergestützte Fertigung der Bauteile, mit der sich leicht lösbare Verbindun-gen, einfach rückbaubare, multifunktionale, flexible sowie bzgl. Dauerhaftigkeit optimierte Strukturen ökologisch und kosten-effizient generieren lassen. Technisch wären bereits viele Pro-jekte in der Praxis umsetzbar, allerdings müssen hierzu die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen verbessert und bürokratische Hürden abgebaut werden. Dieser Beitrag hat das Ziel, das Be-wusstsein für den nötigen Wechsel von der Linear- zur Kreis-laufwirtschaft im Betonbau und den korrespondierenden Daten zu erhöhen und dem Planer einfache Grundsätze für den Ent-wurf, die Ausschreibung und Umsetzung mitzugeben, um jetzt schon einen wichtigen Beitrag zum verantwortungsvollen Um-gang mit immer knapper werdenden Ressourcen zu leisten.
Standardization activities
(2020)
REACH has the ambition to influence and gain from standardization on national, European, and international level. We aim to create synergies between parallel work on these levels that will finally make a beneficial impact. Systematic parallel and synergeti cwork on these levels allow REACH to create a maximized impact for all involved stakeholders, and in particular, create better health and health care “ecosystems” for potential REACH end users.
Special issue ISARC 2021
(2022)
The research filed of construction robotics broadens increasingly in terms of complexity, approaches, technologies used, active stakeholders, and application areas. Worldwide labour and resource shortages, the need to increase circularity and resource efficiency, new materials and the increasing utilisation of digital construction tools in the planning and construction industry massively spur the uptake of robotic solutions for on-site construction.
The initial boom of construction robots happened in the 1970s, driven by the Japanese construction industry. In the 1980s, a combination with parallel developments was supposed to achieve complete, integrated robotic on-site factories. From the mid-1980s onwards, the global interest in construction robots decreased gradually. Bulky and expensive systems, complex on-site navigation and logistics approaches, a narrow scope of tasks, inflexibility, incompatibility with on-site work organisation and professional qualification, low usability and insufficient inter-robot coordination capabilities revealed the immaturity of the systems. Only a few organisations predominantly situated in Asia such as Takenaka, Obayashi, Kajima Corporation, Nihon Bisho Co., Samsung, and Hitachi maintained development activities.
However, since the mid-2010s, development activities are gaining traction again. On the application side, this is mainly driven by trends such as the need to upgrade the energy performance of buildings in Europe, a global necessity to remove asbestos from existing structures, and a demand for enormous quantities of high-rise buildings all over East Asia. On the system side, the renewed interest stems from major advances in physical–mechanical robot technology in other automation-driven industries such as the automotive industry. Robots became lighter, more flexible, their parts modular and interchangeable, more user friendly as well as significantly cheaper. On the digital side, the BIM-to-Robot pipeline was subject of intensive reserach and development. More and more methods and tools help to increase the usability of robots and facilitate the simulation and optimisation of robot-driven construction processes.
In the last 4–5 years, the worldwide growing need and interest in construction robotics became highly evident. More than 200 robot systems are pushed by start-ups and spin-offs and their investors to the market. This is backed by an enormous number of activities and projects carried out in the academic area pushing to the boundaries of what is technologically possible.
Major associations and their conferences increase significantly in popularity such as ISARC (International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction), EC3 (European Council of Computing in Construction), and Robots in Architecture. Competency in digital construction, automation and robotics becomes a key for all stakeholders in the construction industry and many universities worldwide launch dedicated interdisciplinary programs. Powerful governments (China) and major funding programs such as Horizon Europe (Europe) massively request and fund the development of robotic solutions for construction such as drones, mobile robots, 3D-printing solutions, cable-driven robots, and exoskeletons. Regulators and standardisation organisation start to develop the first certification and standardisation schemes for construction robots and large software companies make attempts to allow to simulate and program robotic construction processes efficiently and robustly based on digital building and construction data.
To showcase the diversity of cutting-edge research in the area, this special issue invited eight extended versions of selected papers from the ISARC 2021 conference. As such, this issue covers digital approaches to embed fabrication and robot information in BIM and IFC and program robots directly from digital building models. New robot systems spur novel robotic production processes, and machine learning enable novel logistics approaches for building components that may ultimately lead to robotic cranes and other robotic on-site logistics and handling solutions (including autonomous construction machines). In parallel, systematic evaluation and robot development methods are developed that allow to shed light on their performance in the construction process.