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We present a theoretical approach for calculating the state of stress induced by a uniform magnetic field in confined magnetoactive elastomers of arbitrary shape. The theory explicitly includes the magnetic field generated by magnetizable spherical inclusions in the sample interior assuming a non-linear magnetization behavior. The initial spatial distribution of particles and its change in an external magnetic field are considered. This is achieved by the introduction of an effective demagnetizing factor where both the sample shape and the material microstructure are taken into account. Theoretical predictions are fitted to the stress data measured using a specifically designed experimental setup. It is shown that the theory enables the quantification of the effect of material microstructure upon introducing a specific microstructural factor and its derivative with respect to the extensional strain in the undeformed state. The experimentally observed differences between isotropic and anisotropic samples, compliant and stiff elastomer matrices are explained.
The magnetodielectric response of magnetoactive elastomers (MAEs) in its dependence on filler concentration, magnetic field, and test frequency is studied experimentally. MAEs are synthesized on the basis of a silicone matrix filled with spherical carbonyl iron particles characterized by a mean diameter of 4.5 mu m. The concentration of the magnetic filler within composite materials is equal to 70, 75, and 80 mass%. The effective lossless permittivity epsilon as well as the dielectric loss tan grow significantly when the magnetic field increases. The permittivity increases and the dielectric loss decreases with increasing filler concentration. In the measurement frequency range between 1 kHz and 200 kHz, the frequency hardly affects the values of epsilon and tan in the absence of a magnetic field. However, both parameters decrease considerably with the growing frequency in a constant magnetic field. The more strongly the magnetic field is applied, the larger the change in permittivity and loss tangent at the same test frequency is observed. An equivalent circuit formulation qualitatively describes the main tendencies of the magnetodielectric response.