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The efficacy of psychological treatment to reduce pain has recently been shown in a number of studies. They are considered to enhance or even replace medical approaches in pain management, especially in chronic pain-states. The study reported here aimed to test two established (multimodal pain management, relaxation training) and one newly designed approach (visualization techniques) in comparison with a control group (medical treatment alone). The study was conducted with in-patients (N = 46; rheumatoid arthritis). Medical and pain data were gathered before and after treatment. Patients also filled out questionnaires in the beginning and at the end of the study assessing pain-experience, emotional states and capability to cope with pain. Patients participating in the multimodal pain management group and the visualization group profited from participation (especially in pain reduction) only if they gained substantially extents in the capability to cope with pain. Simply taking part in the groups and not reaching acceptable measures to cope with pain had no or negative effects. Both approaches were clearly above the control- and the relaxation-condition (relaxation participants were hardly better than the controls). The range of efficacy was broadest in the multimodal group (in addition to pain-reduction, substantial improvements in emotional states were obtained). However, visualization techniques, which were tested empirically for the first time here, can also be recommended as pain management therapy.
Chronic pain has a variety of causes. Therefore patients with chronic pain should be treated in an interdisciplinary way. From a psychological point of view a cognitive-behavioral approach is preferred. This includes training for coping with pain as well as the added option of a comprehensive psychotherapy. This form of treatment seems to be indicated in most cases, but it is not suitable if the patient does not agree with the procedure, preferring instead a special kind of therapy which is not cognitive-behavioral. On the other hand a psychological treatment is not indicated if the therapist is not prepared to cooperate with other therapists in an interdisciplinary fashion.
Im beruflichen Kontext von Sozialpädagogen wird heute erwartet, dass sie in der Lage sind, bei Klienten einen Veränderungsprozess zu initiieren, zu begleiten und zu evaluieren. Professionelle Sozialarbeit verlangt deshalb den kompetenten Einsatz effektiver Interventionsformen. In diesem Band werden empirisch bewährte Basisstrategien aus der Verhaltensorientierten Sozialen Arbeit vorgestellt. Im Einzelnen handelt es sich um: Verhaltensdiagnostik, operante Strategien, Methoden der kognitiven Verhaltensmodifi kation, Rollenspiel und Entspannungsverfahren.
Psychotherapeutic possibilities of treating chronic pain are employed in two different ways: Firstly in the form of psychotherapy in patients whose strategies for coping with pain and/or pain genesis can be described in terms of psychopathological categories; secondly in the form of pain-coping training, which is generally indicated in the presence of chronic pain, in particular that which is traditionally termed organic. With respect to their effectiveness in achieving, in the first place, mood change, and in the assessment of symptoms, the individual procedures have been well tested. The question as to differential indication, which can most readily be applied to the use of biofeedback, remains largely unanswered.
Studies conducted by R. Conrad (1970, 1973) and M. I. Posner et al (1969) led to the hypothesis that the prelingually deaf encode visually perceived verbal information on the basis of its form. To examine this hypothesis, the RTs of 19 congenitally deaf and 33 normal 9–16 yr olds were measured as the Ss compared successively presented pairs of upper- and lowercase letters. Results fail to support the hypothesis and demonstrate the importance of the effects of development and of modern education programs for the deaf on the encoding of perceived verbal materials. (French abstract) (33 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)