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Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of information technology (IT) on supply chain performance in the automotive industry. Prior studies that analyzed the impact of IT on supply chain performance report results representing the situation of the “average industry.” This research focuses on the automotive industry because of its major importance in many national economies and due to the fact that automotive supply chains do not represent the supply chain of the average industry.
Design/methodology/approach
A research model is proposed to examine the relationships between IT capabilities, supply chain capabilities, and supplier performance. The model divides IT capabilities into functional and data capabilities, and supply chain capabilities into internal process excellence and information sharing. Data have been collected from 343 automotive first-tier suppliers. Structural equation modeling with partial least squares is used to analyze the data.
Findings
The results suggest that functional capabilities have the greatest impact on internal process excellence, which in turn enhances supplier performance. However, frequent and adequate information sharing also contributes significantly to supplier performance. Data capabilities enable supply chain capabilities through their positive impact on functional capabilities.
Practical implications
The findings will help managers to understand the effect of IT implementation on company performance and to decide whether to invest in the expansion of IT capacities.
Originality/value
This research reports the impact of IT on supply chain performance in one of the most important industries in many industrialized countries, and it provides a new perspective on evaluating the contribution of IT on firm performance.
Modelling blood flow an shear induced coagulation in membraene oxygenators (MO) is challenging. The relevant geometry of oxygenator fibers (OF) and chaining threads is complex and spans several length scales. In relevant scales and regimes blood shows several significant non-Newtonian effects. Existing models are only capable of accounting for some, but not all relevant effects. Additionally, coagulation processes are influencing fluid properties and geometry significantly. Due to the enormous size of the discretised geometries highly detailed viscosity and coagulation properties of blodd flow in MOs. First step is to find a gemoetry dependent viscosity representation on basis of parametric micro channel experiments with anti-coagulated blood. Next step is a statistic coagulation model, based on micro channel experiments with human (re-calcified citrated) whole blood an evaluation of clinically used osygenators. Since shear rate dependent (i.e. viscosity dependet) coagulation in return influences the viscosity, a combined model with suitable implementation in a RANS framework is necessary. Towards this end, micro channel experiments with new and used single OFs triggering coagulation are performed. Structures of multimeric von Willebrand fibers (vWF), as indicator for shear induced coagulation, are compared to computed and measured flow conditions, using immunofluorescence microscopy, RANS-computations and µPIV, respectively. Preliminary examinations in clinically used MOs show good agreement between occurring structures of vWF, cell depositions and computed flow patterns (geometry form µCT-Scans). However, computed shear rates might be to low to actually trigger activation of vWF. The complex geometry of MOs results in huge meshes, which makes RANS with statistical modelling of viscosity and coagulation a reasonable approach. Towards this end, experimental data on micro channel level with evaluation on real application level is crucial. Especially regarding clotting processes, micro fluidic experiments are powerful research tool.
Investigating temporal variability of functional connectivity is an emerging field in connectomics. Entering dynamic functional connectivity by applying sliding window techniques on resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) time courses emerged from this topic. We introduce frequency-resolved dynamic functional connectivity (frdFC) by means of multivariate empirical mode decomposition (MEMD) followed up by filter-bank investigations. In general, we find that MEMD is capable of generating time courses to perform frdFC and we discover that the structure of connectivity-states is robust over frequency scales and even becomes more evident with decreasing frequency. This scale-stability varies with the number of extracted clusters when applying k-means. We find a scale-stability drop-off from k = 4 to k = 5 extracted connectivity-states, which is corroborated by null-models, simulations, theoretical considerations, filter-banks, and scale-adjusted windows. Our filter-bank studies show that filter design is more delicate in the rs-fMRI than in the simulated case. Besides offering a baseline for further frdFC research, we suggest and demonstrate the use of scale-stability as a possible quality criterion for connectivity-state and model selection. We present first evidence showing that connectivity-states are both a multivariate, and a multiscale phenomenon. A data repository of our frequency-resolved time-series is provided.
Increasing user participation or changing behavior are key goals when applying gamification. Existing studies in domains such as education, health, and enterprise show that gamification can have a positive impact on meeting these goals. However, there is still a lack of detailed insights into how certain game design elements affect user behavior and motivation. To gain further insight, this paper presents a user study in the field with 20, 000 participants of a mobile e-commerce application over a one-month time period to analyze the impact of gamification in the e-commerce domain and to compare the effectiveness of tangible versus intangible rewards. Results show that gamification has a positive impact in the e-commerce domain. The study also reveals that tangible rewards increase the user activity substantially more than intangible rewards. We further show how tangible rewards affect certain user types and provide a first discussion on the lastingness of these rewards.
Spritzbeton wird im Tunnelbau als temporäre und permanente Stütz- und Ausbaumaßnahme eingesetzt. Mit der Einführung der alkalifreien Spritzbeton-Technologie wurde um 2004 ein großer Qualitätssprung erzielt. Trotzdem besteht noch Optimierungsbedarf. Alle Bauwerke sollten heute nachhaltig und dauerhaft erstellt werden. Spritzbeton sollte daher aus möglichst umweltneutralen Stoffen hergestellt werden und auch in aggressiver Umgebung dauerhaft, ohne ungünstige Auswirkungen auf das Gesamtbauwerk, seine Aufgaben erfüllen. Das kann nur mit optimierten Rezepturen unter Einsatz ausgewählter Ausgangsstoffe realisiert werden. Das von der FFG in Österreich geförderte Forschungsprogramm „Entwicklung neuer dauerhafter und nachhaltiger Spritzbetone“ (Advanced and Sustainable Sprayed Concrete) setzt genau hier an.
Moisture and ionic transport under non-saturated condition is an important, but poorly understood transport phenomena particularly for mature systems containing supplementary cementitious materials. This paper investigates the moisture and chloride profiles of 3-year old mortars containing Portland cement (OPC), slag and silica fume (SF) after long-term (30–48 months) wick action exposure in 1.09 M NaCl solution. Moisture profiles were measured with ¹H NMR relaxometry and chloride profiles with microXRF. The measured profiles were discussed in relation to moisture dependent material properties such as chloride diffusion coefficients, moisture diffusion coefficients, and desorption isotherms. Results show that the combination of different cementitious materials, e.g. the cementitious binder, is the key factor affecting chloride penetration depth. The cementitious binder also strongly affects chloride diffusion coefficient, moisture diffusion coefficient and chloride binding properties, which are all important parameters for the prediction of chloride ingress.
The relation of syntax and prosody (the syntax-prosody interface) has been an active area of research, mostly in linguistics and typically studied under controlled conditions. More recently, prosody has also been successfully used in the data-based training of syntax parsers. However, there is a gap between the controlled and detailed study of the individual effects between syntax and prosody and the large-scale application of prosody in syntactic parsing with only a shallow analysis of the respective influences. In this paper, we close the gap by investigating the significance of correlations of prosodic realization with specific syntactic functions using linear mixed effects models in a very large corpus of read-out German encyclopedic texts. Using this corpus, we are able to analyze prosodic structuring performed by a diverse set of speakers while they try to optimize factual content delivery. After normalization by speaker, we obtain significant effects, e.g. confirming that the subject function, as compared to the object function, has a positive effect on pitch and duration of a word, but a negative effect on loudness.
After overcoming the traditional metrics, modern and postmodern poetry developed a large variety of ‘free verse prosodies’ that falls along a spectrum from a more fluent to a more disfluent and choppy style. We present a method, grounded in philological analysis and theories on cognitive (dis)fluency, to analyze this ‘free verse spectrum’ into six classes of poetic styles as well as to differentiate three types of poems with enjambments. We use a model for automatic prosodic analysis of spoken free verse poetry which uses deep hierarchical attention networks to integrate the source text and audio and predict the assigned class. We then analyze and fine-tune the model with a particular focus on enjambments and in two ways: we drill down on classification performance by analyzing whether the model focuses on similar traits of poems as humans would, specifically, whether it internally builds a notion of enjambment. We find that our model is similarly good as humans in finding enjambments; however, when we employ the model for classifying enjambment-dominated poem types, it does not pay particular attention to those lines. Adding enjambment labels to the training only marginally improves performance, indicating that all other lines are similarly informative for the model.
We show how to classify the phrasing of readout poems with the help of machine learning algorithms that use manually engineered features or automatically learn representations. We investigate modern and postmodern poems from the webpage lyrikline, and focus on two exemplary rhythmical patterns in order to detect the rhythmic phrasing: The Parlando and the Variable Foot. These rhythmical patterns have been compared by using two important theoretical works: The Generative Theory of Tonal Music and the Rhythmic Phrasing in English Verse. Using both, we focus on a combination of four different features: The grouping structure, the metrical structure, the time-span-variation, and the prolongation in order to detect the rhythmic phrasing in the two rhythmical types. We use manually engineered features based on text-speech alignment and parsing for classification. We also train a neural network to learn its own representation based on text, speech and audio during pauses. The neural network outperforms manual feature engineering, reaching an f-measure of 0.85.
One of the most important patterns in ancient as well as modern poetry is the enjambment, the continuation of a sentence beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza. The paper reports first activities towards the development of a digital tool to analyze the accentuation of poetic enjambments in readout poetry. The aim in this contribution is to recognize two forms of enjambment (emphasized and unemphasized) in poems using audio and text data. We use data from lyrikline which is a major online portal for spoken poetry whereas poems are read aloud by the original authors. We identified by hermeneutical means based on literary analysis a total of 69 poems being characteristic for the use of enjambments in modern and postmodern German poetry and train classifiers to differentiate the emphasized/unemphasized ategorization. A remarkable result of our automated analyses (and to our knowledge the first data-driven analysis of this kind) is the identification of a cultural difference in the accentuation of enjambments: statistically speaking, poets from the former GDR tend to emphasize the enjambment, whereas poets from the FRG do not. We use features derived from speech-to-text alignment and statistical parsing information such as pause lengths, number of lines with verbs, and number of lines with punctuation. The best classification results, calculated by the F-measure, for the both types of enjambment (emphasized/unemphasized) is 0.69.
We present the open-source extensible dialog manager DialogOS.
DialogOS features simple finite-state based dialog management
(which can be expanded to more complex DM strategies via a full-fledged scripting language) in combination with integrated speech recognition and synthesis in multiple languages.
DialogOS runs on all major platforms, provides a simple-to-use
graphical interface and can easily be extended via well-defined
plugin and client interfaces, or can be integrated server-side into
larger existing software infrastructures. We hope that DialogOS
will help foster research and teaching given that it lowers the bar
of entry into building and testing spoken dialog systems and provides paths to extend one’s system as development progresses.
Speech can be more or less likable in various ways and comparing speakers by likability has important applications such as speaker selection or matching. Determining the likability of a speaker is a difficult task which can be simplified by breaking it down into pairwise preference decisions. Using a corpus of 5440 pairwise preference ratings collected previously through crowd-sourcing, we train classifiers to determine which of two speakers is “better”. We find that modeling the speech feature sequences using LSTMs outperforms conventional methods that pre-aggregate feature averages by a large margin, indicating that the prosodic structure should be taken into account when determining speech quality. Our classifier reaches an accuracy of 97 % for coarse-grained decisions, where differences between speech quality in both stimuli is relatively large.
Modern and post-modern free verse poems feature a large and complex variety in their poetic prosodies that falls along a continuum from a more fluent to a more disfluent and choppy style. As the poets of modernism overcame rhyme and meter, they oriented themselves in these two opposing directions, creating a free verse spectrum that calls for new analyses of prosodic forms. We present a method, grounded in philological analysis and current research on cognitive (dis)fluency, for automatically analyzing this spectrum. We define and relate six classes of poetic styles (ranging from parlando to lettristic decomposition) by their gradual differentiation. Based on this discussion, we present a model for automatic prosodic classification of spoken free verse poetry that uses deep hierarchical attention networks to integrate the source text and audio and predict the assigned class. We evaluate our model on a large corpus of German author-read post-modern poetry and find that classes can reliably be differentiated, reaching a weighted f-measure of 0.73, when combining textual and phonetic evidence. In our further analyses, we validate the model’s decision-making process, the philologically hypothesized continuum of fluency and investigate the relative importance of various features.
This contribution focuses on structural similarities between tonality and cadences in music on the one hand, and rhythmical patterns in poetic languages respectively poetry on the other hand.
We investigate two exemplary rhythmical patterns in modern and postmodern poetry to detect these tonality-like features in poetic language: The Parlando and the Variable Foot. German poems
readout from the original poets are collected from the webpage of our partner lyrikline. We compared these rhythmical features with tonality rules, explained in two important theoretical volumes: The Generative Theory of Tonal Music and the Rhythmic Phrasing in English Verse. Using both volumes, we focused on a certain combination of four different features: The grouping
structure, the metrical structure, the time-span-variation and the prolongation, in order to detect the two important rhythmical patterns which use tonality-like features in poetic language (Parlando and Variable Foot). Different features including pause and parser information are used in this classification process. The best classification result, calculated by the f-measure, for
Parlando and Variable Foot is 0.69.
The translation of poetry is a complex, multifaceted challenge: the translated text should communicate the same meaning, similar metaphoric expressions, and also match the style and prosody of the original poem. Research on machine poetry translation is existing since 2010, but for four reasons it is still rather insufficient:
1. The few approaches existing completely lack any knowledge about current developments in both lyric theory and translation theory.
2. They are based on very small datasets.
3. They mostly ignored the neural learning approach that superseded the long-standing dominance of phrase-based approaches within machine translation.
4. They have no concept concerning the pragmatic function of their research and the resulting tools.
Our paper describes how to improve the existing research and technology for poetry translations in exactly these four points. With regards to 1) we will describe the “Poetics of Translation”. With regards to 2) we will introduce the Worlds largest corpus for poetry translations from lyrikline. With regards to 3) we will describe first steps towards a neural machine translation of poetry. With regards to 4) we will describe first steps towards the development of a poetry translation mapping system.
The research project „Advanced and Sustainable Shotcrete - ASSpC“ aims at the improvement of sprayed concrete mix design regarding durability and sustainability. One possible improvement is to replace part of the clinker content in the binder with different supplementary cementitious materials. It is crucial that new mix designs fulfil the basic technical requirements on site concerning workability and early age development, too. One central issue of the project is to
investigate which parameters influence the pumpability of sprayed concrete. Several test methods are used to determine the stability, tendency to segregation, bleeding and of course the consistency
of concrete. An essential test method is a concrete sliding pipe rheometer (Sliper). This rheometer determines the pumping characteristics of concrete in the laboratory and on construction site. In comparison to other rheometers, the Sliper evaluates the rheological characteristics of the thin
layer of paste which is lubricating the wall of the convey ing pipe. The paper presents the tests procedures in detail as well as first results from lab-tests and from site-tests with different
advanced shotcrete mix-designs .
Im Rahmen des FFG-Forschungsprojektes „Entwicklung neuer dauerhafter und nachhaltiger Spritzbetone (Advanced and sustainable sprayed concrete; ASSpC)“ werden Methoden zur Prüfung der Calcium-Auslaugung von Spritzbeton eingesetzt bzw. weiterentwickelt. Bestimmt wurde dafür das Reduzierte Versinterungspotential nach Regelwerken der Österreichischen Bautechnik Vereinigung und das Auslaugverhalten von Spritzbeton bei leichtem Säureangriff (Salpetersäure und Kohlensäure), um dauerhaftigkeitsrelevante Parameter im Bereich der Wechselwirkungen von Spritzbeton mit leicht sauren (Kohlensäure- und Nitrathaltigen) Oberflächen-, Grund- und Sickerwässern zu untersuchen und potentielle Schädigungsmechanismen zu identifizieren und zu quantifizieren. Die Vor- und Nachteile der verwendeten Prüfmethoden zum lösenden Angriff werden in Bezug auf die Dauerhaftigkeit von Spritzbeton diskutiert.