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[(TeO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>0.7</sub>(B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>0.3</sub>]<sub>1-x </sub>(BaO)<sub>x</sub>, x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30 and 0.35 mol fraction glass series were successfully synthesized by conventional melt quenching method. Amorphous phase of all samples was confirmed through X-ray diffraction while optical properties were determined using UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis showed that the glass structure consisted of TeO<sub>3</sub>, TeO<sub>4</sub>, TeO<sub>6</sub>, BO<sub>3</sub> and BO<sub>4</sub> structural units. The optical band gap energy, E<sub>opt</sub> which was calculated from Tauc’ plots decreased as the amount of BaO increases, whereas, the Urbach energy value increased. The increase in Urbach energy value was attributed to the increase of defects in glass structure. The refractive indices of glass were found to increase along with the increased amount of BaO, due to the high polarization and high density of host material and glass modifier. The molar polarizability, α<sub>m,</sub> oxide ion polarizability, α<sub>o</sub><sup>2-</sup> and optical basicity, Λ of the glasses are calculated by Lorentz-Lorenz equation. The glasses were found to possess α<sub>m</sub> values between 8.106 – 8.489 Å<sup>3</sup>, and α<sub>o</sub><sup>2-</sup> values between 3.303 to 4.772. Meanwhile, optical basicity increases from 0.115 to 0.893.</p>
Background:
People with aphasia (PWA) often have a reduced quality of life. Nevertheless, there are currently only a few specific services that respond to this problem. Hence, there is a pressing need for action to improve participation and well-being of people with aphasia. An adapted social network could be a solution. Well-being could be increased by exchanging experiences with peers in a similar situation. Moreover, comprehensive digital coverage would also be possible in rural and underserved areas. This digital social network should be adapted to the specific needs of PWA. Therefore, a participatory, agile process with the involvement of the target group should be adopted.
Aim:
The aim is to develop and evaluate a social media platform as a smartphone app to support the social integration of PWA and to improve their quality of life. In addition to the digital exchange, face-to-face meetings between PWA should be stimulated.
Design:
The study will be conducted in a randomised pretest-posttest control group design with follow-up testing. The participants will be randomly assigned to the experimental intervention (36 participants) or the control intervention (36 participants). The primary outcome is quality of life, measured with the SAQOL-39. At all measurement times, psychological well-being is recorded with the help of two measuring instruments (GHQ-12 & DISCs). The secondary outcome is the recording of social contacts and activities as well as associated emotions, registered in a structured diary. In addition, communication skills (measured with the CPIB) and social support (recorded with the F-SozU) will be examined.
Method:
During the first project phase, a user-centred, agile development process will be adopted to design the app. The target group will be involved in the app development in a participatory manner. A workshop is planned for the users of the app. In the second phase, the usability and user-friendliness of the app will first be evaluated in a feasibility study. Subsequently, in the main study, the app will then be tested by the target group for 4 months.
Discussion:
The app developed in the research project is the first social network that is tailored to the needs and capabilities of PWA. It aims to enable better exchange between PWA to improve social participation and quality of life.
he hydrogen gas-to-liquid mass transfer is the limiting factor in biological methanation. In a trickle-bed reactor, mass transfer can be increased by high flow velocities in the liquid phase, by adding a packing material with high liquid hold-up, or by choosing methanogenic archaea with a high methane productivity. This study analyzed various packings and methanogenic strains from a hydrodynamic and microbial perspective. By analyzing twelve pure cultures of thermophilic methanogens for their ability to produce high quality methane and to form biofilms on different packings, strains of Methanothermobacter were found to perform better than thus of the genus Methanothermococcus. Best methane production and adherence was observed on DuraTop®, Bioflow 9, and filter foam. DuraTop® and Bioflow 9 had also a high dynamic liquid hold-up, but the maximum hold-up was determined for expanded clay. The ideal combination for use in the ORBIT-trickle-bed reactor was identified as Methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicus IM5 and DuraTop®.
Finite state machines (FSMs) are an appealing mechanism for simple practical computations: They lend themselves to very effcient and deterministic implementation, are easy to understand, and allow for formally proving many properties of interest. Unfortunately, their computational power is deemed insuffcient for many tasks, and their usefulness has been further hampered by the state space explosion problem and other issues when naïvely trying to scale them to sizes large enough for many real–life applications.
This paper expounds on theory and implementation of multiple coupled fnite state machines (McFSMs), a novel mechanism that combines benefits of FSMs with near Turing-complete, practical computing power, and that was designed from the ground up to support static analysis and reasoning. We develop an elaborate category–theoretical foundation based on non–deterministic Mealy machines, which gives a suitable algebraic description for novel ways of blending di#erent computing models. Our experience is based on a domain specific language and an integrated development environment that can compile McFSM models to multiple target languages, applying it to use-cases based on industrial scenarios. We discuss properties and advantages of McFSMs, explain how the mechanism can interact with real–world systems and existing code without sacrificing provability, determinism or performance.
We discuss how McFSMs can be used to replace and improve on commonly employed programming patterns, and show how their effcient handling of large state spaces enables them to be used as core building blocks for distributed, safety critical, and real–time systems of industrial complexity, which contributes to the longdesired goal of providing executable specifications.
A basic task in the design of an industrial robot application
is the relative placement of robot and workpiece. Process points are defined in Cartesian coordinates relative to the workpiece coordinate system, and the workpiece has to be located such that the robot can reach all points. Finding such a location is still an iterative procedure based on the developers' intuition. One difficulty is the choice of one of the several solutions of the backward transform of a typical 6R robot.
We present a novel algorithm that simultaneously optimizes the workpiece location and the robot configuration at all process points using higher order optimization algorithms. A key ingredient is the extension of the robot with a virtual prismatic axis. The practical feasibility of the approach is shown with an example using a commercial industrial robot.
We present the Regensburg Breast Shape Model (RBSM) – a 3D statistical shape model of the female breast built from 110 breast scans, and the first ever publicly available. Together with the model, a fully automated, pairwise surface registration pipeline used to establish correspondence among 3D breast scans is introduced. Our method is computationally efficient and requires only four landmarks to guide the registration process. In order to weaken the strong coupling between breast and thorax, we propose to minimize the variance outside the breast region as much as possible. To achieve this goal, a novel concept called breast probability masks (BPMs) is introduced. A BPM assigns probabilities to each point of a 3D breast scan, telling how likely it is that a particular point belongs to the breast area. During registration, we use BPMs to align the template to the target as accurately as possible inside the breast region and only roughly outside. This simple yet effective strategy significantly reduces the unwanted variance outside the breast region, leading to better statistical shape models in which breast shapes are quite well decoupled from the thorax. The RBSM is thus able to produce a variety of different breast shapes as independently as possible from the shape of the thorax. Our systematic experimental evaluation reveals a generalization ability of 0.17 mm and a specificity of 2.8 mm for the RBSM. Ultimately, our model is seen as a first step towards combining physically motivated deformable models of the breast and statistical approaches in order to enable more realistic surgical outcome simulation.