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Background:
Stroke as a cause of disability in adulthood causes an increasing demand for therapy and care services, including telecare and teletherapy.
Objectives: Aim of the study is to analyse the acceptance of telepresence robotics and digital therapy applications. Methods: Longitudinal study with a before and after survey of patients, relatives and care and therapy staff.
Results: Acceptance of the technology analysed is high in all three groups. Although acceptance among patients declined in parts of the cases in the second survey after having used telerobotics, all in all approval ratings remained high. With regard to patients no significant correlation was found between the general technology acceptance and the acceptance of use of telerobotics.
Conclusion:
Accepted new telecare and teletherapies can be offered with the help of telepresence robotics. This requires knowledge of and experience with the technology.
Der Beitrag befasst sich mit dem Spannungsfeld der politischen Beteiligung im Migrationskontext vor dem Hintergrund der Partizipation von unterrepräsentierten Gruppen. Empirisch untersucht werden die politische Partizipation von Geflüchteten in Bayern sowie ihre Einstellungen zur Demokratie. Die Ergebnisse werden vor dem Stand der Forschung diskutiert und es werden Empfehlungen abgeleitet.
Cybersecurity in health care
(2022)
Psychiatry" by Ligthart et al. (2021) Ligthart et al. (2021) introduce the idea that "Extended Reality (XR) systems, such as Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR)," could be used for forensic psychiatry, and then go into detail about considerations that advocate for and against the use of XR systems in forensic psychiatry. Yet, in doing so, they implicitly make presuppositions about the functionality and performance of such systems, which first already seem to be questionable from a technical point of view, understood in a broad sense, but moreover, subsequently have far-reaching significance for a normative assessment of the use of such systems. The following remarks will therefore first describe what Ligthart et al. do not explicitly say about the required technology but must presuppose, and then outline the normative consequences of this omission. In the following, the focus will be placed on virtual reality since the use cases initially mentioned by Ligthart et al. suggest that the authors have also such systems in mind. Presumably, however, the remarks made here can also be applied to Augmented and Extended Reality systems.
Cybersecurity and Ethics
(2022)
The text aims to demonstrate that establishing cybersecurity is not only a technical challenge, but that legal, economic, or organizational aspects also play at least as important a role. The provision of cybersecurity raises ethical questions, since cybersecurity can affect moral values such as autonomy, freedom, or privacy. If measurements necessary for the provision of cybersecurity shall be accepted, it is essential to find a balance between the different claims of all stakeholders involved. This aim is achieved through a detailed ethical analysis accompanied by an extensive literature study. As the most important result of this analysis, it becomes obvious that cybersecurity is in competition or even conflict with other values and interests, and that establishing cybersecurity always involves a trade-off. Not only can there be no 100 percent cybersecurity for technical reasons, but if other values and interests are to be considered, this inevitably leads to compromises in cybersecurity.
On closer examination, the concept of civil society becomes blurred, for instance, on the crucial question of who belongs to civil society. The different answers to this question show how controversial the concept of civil society is, since it cannot be assumed that members of civil society would be morally particularly preferable actors. If, however, the conceptual foundations of and the question of membership in civil society already raise doubts about this concept, the recourse to civil society as a means against fake news and hate speech itself, which is often heard in public debates, becomes doubtful.
At risk of reproductive disadvantage? Exploring fertility awareness among migrant women in Germany
(2022)
This study examined awareness about fertility among immigrant women and non-migrants in Germany. The social relevance of infertility and fertility treatment is increasing in Western countries due to continually low overall birth rates, a high rate of childlessness, and a gap between the desired and actual numbers of children. While there is growing interest in infertility and reproductive medicine in general, previous studies have rarely included immigrant or ethnic minorities in Europe. This study investigated whether knowledge on the age-related fertility decline (ARFD) varies between migrant groups and the majority group, and the role of education. Working hypotheses were drawn from theoretical considerations on frameworks of migrant assimilation. The analysis was based on data collected in a social science pilot study on reproductive medicine, representative of the general population (‘NeWiRe’ 2014–2015). The sample included 962 women aged 18–50 years living in Germany. Approximately 81% of the sample were immigrants who originated from Turkey, Poland, the Balkan countries or countries of the (post-Soviet) Commonwealth of Independent States. While rather poor overall, knowledge on ARFD was found to be significantly lower in the migrant groups compared with the majority group. This minority-group disadvantage cannot be explained by sociodemographic or cultural variables. Future research should include minority groups in empirical studies on awareness about fertility in order to better understand the causes of this disadvantage, and the potential reproductive needs of migrants.
The progress of medical genetics leads to a significant increase in genetic knowledge and a vast expansion of genetic diagnostics. However, it is still unknown how these changes will be integrated into medical practice and how they will change patients' and healthy persons' perception and evaluation of genetic diagnoses and genetic knowledge. Therefore, we carried out a comprehensive questionnaire survey with more than 500 patients, clients seeking genetic counseling, health care staff, and healthy persons (N = 523). The questionnaire survey covered detailed questions on the value of genetic diagnoses for the different groups of study participants, the right to know or not to know genetic diagnoses, possible differences between genetic and other medical diagnoses, and the practical use and implications of genetic knowledge with a special focus on hereditary neuropsychiatric diseases. A huge majority of the participants (90.7%) stated to have a right to learn every aspect of her or his genetic make-up. Similarly, study participants showed high interest (81.8%) in incidental health care findings-independent of whether the diseases are treatable or not. One can derive from the data outcome that study participants did not follow the implications of a "genetic exceptionalism" and often considered genetic findings as equivalent in relation to other medical diagnoses.