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Following a ban on many materials containing bisphenol-A, new bisphenol-free Boron silicates have been found as substitutes. The purpose of this study is to describe the mechanical properties of these bisphenol-free magnetoactive borosilicate polymers containing hard magnetic particles. Samples of 0%, 33% and 66% by wt. were loaded for compression using a universal testing machine. The maximum forces occurring for different travel speeds were compared before and after post-magnetization treatments. The post-magnetization included 2 stages. In addition, the change in mechanical properties within 24 hours after the post-magnetization process was investigated. Furthermore, the influence of speed and particle content were investigated. In general, there is a correlation between the required compressive force and, the level of post-magnetization stress, the increase in travel speed and particle content in the boron silicate. Comparison of the non-post-magnetized and post-magnetized samples using two-tailed t-tests shows that the p-values for all weight fraction changes in NdPrFeB particles and travel speeds are less than 0.001. Also, a comparison between tests in which the traverse speed was varied also showed significant changes in the resulting compression forces. The same is valid for changes in the weight ratio of the NdPrFeB particles in the samples. For post-magnetized samples, no significant difference can be observed in the first 24 hours following magnetization. In summary, the material presents viscoelastic, plastic force-displacement behavior, which can be well recognized by its bi-linear curve shape.
The investigation shows that borosilicate polymers based on NdPrFeB can have their mechanical behavior modified and controlled by post-magnetization processes. This opens new possibilities for many future applications.
Fires in tunnels are known to lead to explosive spalling of the tunnel linings, mainly due to rapid expansion of water as a result of vaporization in the concrete. In order to determine water content and assess fire safety within tunnel linings a novel measurement system has been developed. The development process includes the calibration of the sensor system via both direct and indirect approaches. This work compares both calibration methods and shows the differences that can occur due to measurement uncertainty. This work presents the measured water content within the Inntal tunnel, Austria as a representative tunnel from a total of four investigated tunnels. The obtained water content is compared to that found in the literature, and recommendations for practical work in terms of fire safety is given.
Smart materials change their properties with external energy supply. Besides the known ferro-fluids and Magneto Rheological Fluid (MRF) also the Electro Active Polymer (EAP) and Magneto Rheological Elastomer (MRE) belong to these intelligent materials. The latest generation of magnetic elastomers represents a new class of composite materials. This consists of small magnetized particles which are sized in the micron or even nanometer range that in turn is bounded in a highly elastic rubber matrix. These materials are very often called MRE. Only recently, it has managed to develop these materials even further, so that very soft composite materials with a young?s modulus up to 10 kPa are possible. These soft polymers could be named magneto-active polymers. The combination of polymers with magnetic materials show novel and often enhanced properties. A precisely controllable young?s modulus and hardness, giant and non-homogeneous deformation behavior and rapid response to the magnetic field opens up new possibilities for various applications. Since MAP represent a very new technology, the behavior of these materials as a function of their composition and external conditions so far are not yet sufficiently understood. Therefore, some fundamental studies are necessary. In this paper, the mechanical surface properties are studied using a micro hardness meter. This work shows the possibility to control mechanical properties at the surface of MAP with new developed magnetic systems.
Der Roboter als Hilfsmittel in der Chirurgie // International Mechatronik Forum, Linz, October 2006
(2006)