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Invited Review Article: Measurements of the Newtonian constant of gravitation, G

  • By many accounts, the Newtonian constant of gravitation G is the fundamental constant that is most difficult to measure accurately. Over the past three decades, more than a dozen precision measurements of this constant have been performed. However, the scatter of the data points is much larger than the uncertainties assigned to each individual measurement, yielding a Birge ratio of about five. Today, G is known with a relative standard uncertainty of 4.7 x 10(-5), which is several orders of magnitudes greater than the relative uncertainties of other fundamental constants. In this article, various methods to measure G are discussed. Alarge array of different instruments ranging from the simple torsion balance to the sophisticated atom interferometer can be used to determine G. Some instruments, such as the torsion balance can be used in several different ways. In this article, the advantages and disadvantages of different instruments as well as different methods are discussed. A narrative arc from the historical beginnings of the different methods to their modern implementation is given. Finally, the article ends with a brief overview of the current state of the art and an outlook.

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Metadaten
Author:Christian RothleitnerORCiD, Stephan SchlammingerORCiD
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4994619
Parent Title (English):Review of Scientific Instruments
Publisher:AIP Publishing
Document Type:Article
Language:English
Year of first Publication:2017
Release Date:2022/04/05
Tag:ADJUSTMENT; ATOM; BALANCE; CODATA RECOMMENDED VALUES; FORCE; FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; INTERFEROMETRY; MASS; PRECISION-MEASUREMENT; acceleration
Volume:88
Issue:11
Institutes:Fakultät Angewandte Natur- und Kulturwissenschaften
Begutachtungsstatus:peer-reviewed
research focus:Lebenswissenschaften und Ethik
Licence (German):Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International