Thomas Eixelberger, Thomas Wittenberg, Jerome Perret, Uwe Katzky, Martina Simon, Stephanie Schmitt-Rüth, Mathias Hofer, M. Sorge, R. Jacob, Felix B. Engel, A. Gostian, Christoph Palm, Daniela Franz
- Virtual training of bone milling requires realtime and realistic haptics of the interaction between the ”virtual mill” and a ”virtual bone”. We propose an exponential abrasion model between a virtual one and the mill bit and combine it with a coarse representation of the virtual bone and the mill shaft for collision detection using the Bullet Physics Engine. We compare our exponential abrasion model to a widely used linear abrasion model and evaluate it quantitatively and qualitatively. The evaluation results show, that we can provide virtual milling in real-time, with an abrasion behavior similar to that proposed in the literature and with a realistic feeling of five different surgeons.