TY - CHAP A1 - Brunthaler, Sebastian A1 - Waas, Thomas A1 - Kucera, Markus T1 - On Verify and Validate a Next Generation Automotive Communication Network T2 - Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Pervasive and Embedded Computing and Communication Systems - PECCS, 121-127, 2019, Vienna, Austria N2 - As a result of the enormous growth in data traffic for autonomous driving, the conventional in-vehicle network is no longer sufficient and requires new types of network concepts in a vehicle. This part of the automobile is known as the next generation communication network. Since the new car-systems can be extended by various services at any time, the network must adapt dynamically to new requirements wherever possible. For example, data flow must be configured dynamically between new services. Also data rates will be much higher in the future than today. This is one of the main reasons why we need to search for new technologies for data transfer in vehicles. This is based on an in-vehicle ethernet network. The process of configuring networks automatically has been discussed several times in recent years. One of the next steps is verifying and validating the automatic configuration process during the development of the new communication network. This research paper identifies several ways to ensure the automatically generated network configuration leads to a secure system. To achieve that, other parts of the company’s enterprise IT architecture and network technologies, the conventional vehicle network and other options for verification and validation are analysed KW - Automotive KW - Ethernet KW - In-car KW - Vehicle Communications KW - Car-to-Car KW - Autonomous Driving KW - Vehicle Networks Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-989-758-385-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5220/0008191601210127 SP - 121 EP - 127 PB - SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Brunner, Stefan A1 - Kucera, Markus A1 - Waas, Thomas T1 - Ontologies used in robotics BT - A survey with an outlook for automated driving T2 - IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES), 2017, Vienna, Austria N2 - Full autonomy of road vehicles is a major goal of the automotive industry. To reach such high autonomy it is necessary to provide an accurate and comprehensible situation description for the environment and the vehicle itself. A consistent depiction is essential to facilitate data exchange and communication between internal modules, e.g. collision check and environment model, as well as communication with further information sources like traffic participants vehicle to vehicle (V2V) or the infrastructure, e.g. smart traffic lights, road signs or radio traffic service (V2I). One necessary tool to create such a model could be an ontology which represents the given information and its dependencies. Initially this work provides a summary of given approaches in the literature for use of ontologies in robotics in general. Therefore approaches are stated sorted by application and task. Further approaches with focus on autonomous robots and in particular on autonomous vehicles are listed and described. Finally we give an outlook for further research topics in the domain of ontologies. KW - Ontologies KW - Autonomous vehicles KW - Service robots KW - Modeling KW - Cognition KW - Standards Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICVES.2017.7991905 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Büttner, Johannes A1 - Bohigas Boladeras, Pere A1 - Gottschalk, Philipp A1 - Kucera, Markus A1 - Waas, Thomas T1 - Performance Isolation of Co-located Workload in a Container-based Architecture for Automobile T2 - 9th International Conference on Ambient Computing, Applications, Services and Technologies 2019, 22-26.09.2019, Porto, Portugal N2 - As the development in the automotive sector is facing upcoming challenges, the demand for in-vehicle computing power capacity increases and the need for flexible hardware and software structures arises, allowing dynamic managament of resources. In this new scenario, software components are to be added, removed, updated and migrated between computing units. To isolate the software components from each other and allow its orchestration, a container-based virtualization approach is being tested throughout this research. The analysis focuses on the question if this virtualization technology could be an option to ensure an interference-free operation. Four different sample applications from the automotive environment are tested for their susceptibility to resource contention. The research on the one hand shows that CPU and memory used by an application can be largely isolated with this technology, but on the other hand, it becomes apparent that support for I/O-heavy usage is currently not implemented sufficiently for container engines. KW - container-based virtualization KW - resource management KW - resource isolation KW - stress testing Y1 - 2019 UR - https://ns2.thinkmind.org/articles/ambient_2019_2_20_40020.pdf SN - 978-1-61208-739-9 SP - 31 EP - 37 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Waas, Thomas ED - Ahmet, Yavuz Oral ED - Zehra, Banu Oral ED - Mehmet, Sezer ED - Mehmet, Emre Aköz ED - Seda, Kol ED - Onur, Alp ED - Aksan, Vala ED - Can, Aşkan ED - Gamze, Sekicek T1 - Energy Monitoring and Saving in Medium-Sized Companies T2 - 5th International Congress on Energy Efficiency & Energy Related Materials (ENEFM 2019), Gebze Technical University, Turkey, Book of Abstracts Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Brunner, Stefan A1 - Röder, Jürgen A1 - Kucera, Markus A1 - Waas, Thomas T1 - Automotive E/E-architecture enhancements by usage of ethernet TSN T2 - 13th Workshop on Intelligent Solutions in Embedded Systems (WISES), 12-13 June 2017, Hamburg, Germany N2 - A huge upheaval emerges from the transition to autonomous vehicles in the domain of road vehicles, ongoing with a change in the vehicle architecture. Many sensors and Electronic Control Units are added to the current vehicle architecture and further safety requirements like reliability become even more necessary. In this paper we present a potential evolution of the Electrical/Electronic-Architecture, including a Zone Architecture, to enable future functionality. We reveal the impact on the communication network concerning these architectures and present a potential communication technology to facilitate such architectures. KW - Logic gates KW - Computer architecture KW - Standards KW - Quality of service KW - Complexit KW - Kraftfahrzeug KW - Softwarearchitektur KW - TSN-Netz Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/WISES.2017.7986925 SP - 9 EP - 13 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Büttner, Johannes A1 - Kucera, Markus A1 - Waas, Thomas T1 - Opening up New Fail-Safe Layers in Distributed Vehicle Computer Systems T2 - Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Embedded Computing (PECCS 2018) 2018, Porto, Portugal N2 - The automotive industry currently faces several challenges, including a growing complexity in system architecture. At the same time, the task load as well as the needs for performance increase. To address this problem, the A3Fa research project evaluates scalable distributed concepts for future vehicle system architectures. These can be seen as comparable to cluster-computing systems, which are applied in high-performance or high-availability use-cases. Methods used in such scenarios will also be important features in future vehicle architectures such as horizontal application scalability, application load balancing and reallocation, as well as functionality upgrades triggered by the user. This paper focuses on concepts and methods for the reliability of applications and hardware in future in-vehicle distributed system architectures. It is argued that future automotive computing systems will evolve towards enterprise IT systems similar to today’s data centers. Furthermore, it is stated these vehicle systems can benefit greatly from IT systems. In particular, the safety against failure of functions and hardware in such systems is discussed. For this purpose, various of such mechanisms used in information technology are investigated. A layer-based classification is proposed, representing the different fail-safe levels. KW - Automotive KW - Safety Against Failure KW - System Architecture KW - Kraftfahrzeug KW - Rechnernetz KW - Softwarearchitektur KW - Ausfallsicheres System Y1 - 2018 UR - https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8abb/02275195ba99ed63ad96c16f40cf09f4f218.pdf / 10.5220/0006903602360240 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Buttner, Johannes A1 - Alonso-Villa, Cristina A1 - Bohigas Boladeras, Pere A1 - Kucera, Markus A1 - Waas, Thomas T1 - The Need for New Software Architectures for Next-generation Vehicle T2 - Proceedings of the 5th International E-Conference on Advances in Engineering, Technology and Management (ICETM 2021) N2 - Assuming that future connected cars with automated driving functions will require even more computing power and communication bandwidth, the current network infrastructure as well as the existing individualized control units are not a profitable option for such vehicles. In addition, changing user expectations demand flexible architectural patterns and upgradeability of software components without the need to visit the workshop. However, the current statically developed and configured ECU architecture does not offer any practicable possibilities for this. For these reasons, the research for a new dynamic and flexible architecture is necessary. This new type of system architecture is expected to meet future requirements in terms of space, cost, performance, energy efficiency and number of required computing units in the vehicle, which will arise as a result of the implementation/inclusion of new automated driving functionalities, and due to the changes in user expectations. Solutions to this issue can be found in the field of enterprise IT (cluster computing), in which technologies such as Ethernet, container-based virtualization and flexible software architectures have proven themselves to be very efficient for years. Relevant infrastructures, for example from cloud computing providers, have commonly been used in high-performance or high-availability applications. Thus, in the research project A 3F has been investigated which of these concepts and methods can be applied to modern vehicle system architectures. One of the main goals is to assess the synergy potential of the two sectors, information technology and automotive industry, which to date have very different orientations. However, this synergy is expected to grow strongly in the course of the developments mentioned above. In the following pages, the necessary changes related to hardware and software will be discussed briefly und will be compared to concepts and possible solutions from the IT world. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.seekdl.org/conferences/paper/details/10605.html SN - 978-1-63248-192-4 SP - 58 EP - 61 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hager, Markus A1 - Seitz, Jochen A1 - Waas, Thomas T1 - Literature Survey on Recent Progress in Inter-Vehicle Communication Simulations JF - Journal of Transportation Technologies N2 - The vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) technology based on the approved IEEE 802.11p standard and the appendant inter-vehicle communication (IVC) has the potential to dramatically change the way transportation systems work. The fundamental idea is to change the individual behavior of each vehicle by exchanging information among traffic participants to realize a cooperative and more efficient ransportation system. Certainly, the evaluation of such systems is a comprehensive and challenging task in a real world test bed, therefore, simulation frameworks are a key tool to analyze IVC. Several models are needed to emulate the real behavior of a VANET in all aspects as much realistically as necessary. The intention of this survey is to provide a comprehensive overview of publications concerning IVC simulations of the year 2013 and to see how IVC simulation has changed since 2009. Based on this analysis, we will answer the following questions: What simulation techniques are applied to IVC? Which aspects of IVS have been evaluated? What has changed within five years of IVC simulations? We also take a closer look at commonly used software tools and discuss their functionality and drawbacks. Finally, we present open questions concerning IVC simulations. KW - Inter-Vehicle Communication KW - Simulation KW - Survey Y1 - 2015 UR - https://file.scirp.org/pdf/JTTs_2015071315165413.pdf U6 - https://doi.org/10.4236/jtts.2015.53015 VL - Vol. 5 IS - 3 SP - 159 EP - 168 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Reinhardt, Dominik A1 - Guntner, Maximilian A1 - Kucera, Markus A1 - Waas, Thomas A1 - Kuenhauser, Winfried T1 - Mapping CAN-to-ethernet communication channels within virtualized embedded environments T2 - IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Embedded Systems (SIES), 10th, 8-10 June 2015, Siegen, Germany N2 - Intelligent driver assistance systems and new infotainment innovations cause a rapidly growing demand of computing power. To satisfy that demand, the quantity of electronic control units in cars has increased dramatically. OEMs tackle that trend by consolidating software on powerful multicore hardware platforms. However, current software solutions are mostly static and designed to run on limited platforms. As promising operating system for automotive, Linux comes into consideration, which seems to scale better than already existing solutions. To ease the migration process of older software parts and guarantee freedom from interference according to ISO26262 between single software partitions, embedded hypervisors can achieve that requirements. Up to now, automotive systems are not developed to run within virtualized environments. Within this paper, we present an approach to map communication channels of virtual automotive ECUs and connect them with their already existing CAN interfaces. For our analysis, we use the Xen hypervisor. The focus for interaction between virtual machines is to use SocketCAN and given paravirtualized Ethernet drivers. Our goal is a non-intrusive software integration methodology. We keep the source code within software partitions as unmodified as possible. To benchmark our studies, we evaluate our implementation on the Intel i7 and the. KW - Software KW - Automotive engineering KW - Linux KW - Hardware KW - Vehicles KW - Logic gates KW - Routing Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/SIES.2015.7185064 SN - 2150-3109 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Fuhrmann, Thomas A1 - Waas, Thomas A1 - Skelton, David T1 - Internationalization of a Computer Science Faculty BT - Lessons learned from a regional german technical university of applied sciences T2 - 9th Annual International Conference on Computer Science Education: Innovation and Technology (CSEIT 2018), 2018, Singapore N2 - The paper at hand describes how a regional university of applied sciences tried to internationalize its learning and teaching environment. It describes the challenges encountered, the managerial approach taken, illustrates the implemented initiatives, and how effective they turned out. The results might be relevant to faculty staff in managerial positions at regional universities all over the world that face the challenge to internationalize their teaching and learning environment for the benefit of their domestic students. KW - Internationalization KW - Faculty development KW - Change management KW - PDCA KW - Internationalisierung KW - Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften KW - Lernumwelt Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5176/2251-2195_CSEIT18.118 SP - 33 EP - 38 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zenger, Gerhard A1 - Kenner, Susanne A1 - Volbert, Klaus A1 - Waas, Thomas A1 - Kucera, Markus T1 - Acquiring energy data from a medium-voltage grid for future smart grid solutions: A practical smart grid application example realized by use of cellular communication networks of the 2nd and 3rd generation T2 - Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Intelligent Solutions in Embedded Systems (WISES), 10-11 Sept. 2013, Pilsen, Czech Republic N2 - In this paper we present a practical example of the use of Cellular Communication standards like GPRS and UMTS in a Smart Grid Application. For a more detailed view we demonstrate a possible implementation of Cellular Communication Technologies in a data acquisition application for the collection of energy indicators in a medium-voltage grid. Furthermore, we show a technical overview of relevant and common mobile communication standards available in Germany. The included theoretical examples, Smart Grid scenarios, presented data and results are based on a research project for intelligent power regulation in medium-voltage grids performed in Regensburg (Germany). It is a joint project' of the University of Applied Sciences Regensburg together with a local energy provider and a manufacturer for distribution network systems. KW - Mobile communication KW - Medium voltage KW - Standards KW - Smart grids KW - Feeds KW - Ground penetrating radar Y1 - 2013 UR - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6664954 SN - 978-3-00-042899-9 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - IEEE ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kenner, Susanne A1 - Thaler, Raphael A1 - Kucera, Markus A1 - Volbert, Klaus A1 - Waas, Thomas T1 - Comparison of Smart Grid architectures for monitoring and analyzing power grid data via Modbus and REST JF - EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems N2 - Smart grid, smart metering, electromobility, and the regulation of the power network are keywords of the transition in energy politics. In the future, the power grid will be smart. Based on different works, this article presents a data collection, analyzing, and monitoring software for a reference smart grid. We discuss two possible architectures for collecting data from energy analyzers and analyze their performance with respect to real-time monitoring, load peak analysis, and automated regulation of the power grid. In the first architecture, we analyze the latency, needed bandwidth, and scalability for collecting data over the Modbus TCP/IP protocol and in the second one over a RESTful web service. The analysis results show that the solution with Modbus is more scalable as the one with RESTful web service. However, the performance and scalability of both architectures are sufficient for our reference smart grid and use cases. KW - smart grid KW - real-time monitoring KW - Modbus KW - HTTP performance KW - Intelligentes Stromnetz KW - Referenzmodell KW - Monitoring Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13639-016-0045-7 VL - 2017 ER -