TY - GEN A1 - Meißner, Jonathan A1 - Schermer, Detleff A1 - Amberger, Franziska A1 - Hofmann, Philipp ED - Milani, Gabriele ED - Ghiassi, Bahman T1 - Eccentric partial compression tests on wall test specimens T2 - 18th International Brick and Block Masonry Conference : Proceedings of IB2MaC 2024 Volume 2, 21.-24. July 2024, Birmingham N2 - Within the scope of this work, the objective was to transfer the stress situations resulting at the exterior wall-floor joint as partial area loads to wall test specimens. The actual load-bearing capacities of highly thermally insulating plane clay unit masonry are to be quantified and compared with the calculated load-bearing capacities based on the unconfined stress-strain relationship and the linear-elastic, quasi-ductile and rigid-plastic material behaviour. In order to record also the deformations and compression at cross-section level directly in the load application area as well as the curvatures at system level, the deformations of all test specimens are documented by means of optical deformation measurement (digital image correlation). In this way, not only the load-bearing capacity but also, in particular, the stress resp. Strain distribution and stress redistributions as well as the experimental moment-curvature relationship can be quantified for the further analytical considerations and evaluations. Accordingly, it can be determined for all eccentric partial area loads that, regardless of the loading situation, higher load bearing capacities are achieved both compared to the calculated bearing capacity and based on a rigid-plastic material behaviour. Especially in the case of the loading situation at the bottom of the walls with partially supported floors, the activation of the unloaded cross-sectional zone at the load transfer can be shown very well based on the photogrammetrically determined cross-sectional compression. The decoupling initiated by the local discontinuity of the stress-strain state occurs only after the rigid-plastic cross-sectional bearing capacity is reached. Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-3-031-73309-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-73310-9_16 VL - 2025 SP - 223 EP - 238 PB - Springer ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hofmann, Philipp A1 - Schermer, Detleff A1 - Amberger, Franziska A1 - Meißner, Jonathan ED - Ghiassi, Bahman ED - Milani, Gabriele T1 - Experimental investigation at the exterior wall-floor joint with partially supported slabs T2 - 18th International Brick and Block Masonry Conference : Proceedings of IB2MaC 2024 Volume 2, 21.-24. July 2024, Birmingham N2 - The objective of the extensive experimental investigations at the exterior wall-floor joint on a scale of 1:1 on highly thermally insulating clay unit masonry was to record the interaction between the acting axial force and the resulting slab rotation as a result of defined slab fixed end moments. The focus of this test series was on the influence of the nonlinear system behaviour at different axial force-moment combinations caused by the gaping of the horizontal joints as well as the contact zone between slab and masonry. With knowledge of the moment-rotation interaction as a function of the axial force of the wall, a numerical model can be developed with regard to the nonlinear system behaviour. Since the angle of rotation of the slab is of major importance in this respect, the structural design of a reinforced concrete slab is dispensed with in the test and replaced by a flexurally rigid solid steel bracket. This has the decisive advantage that the rotation of the steel bracket can be precisely detected by means of optical deformation measurement (digital image correlation) and directly assigned to the existing axial force-moment combinations. The evaluation of the tests has shown that the dominant nonlinear effect is essentially due to the gaping of the horizontal joints in the exterior wall-floor joint. During the test execution, the proportionality limit between the bracket moment and the bracket rotation could be successively increased with increasing load level regardless of the previous nonlinear system behaviour. Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-3-031-73309-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-73310-9_18 SP - 254 EP - 265 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Meißner, Jonathan A1 - Schermer, Detleff A1 - Amberger, Franziska A1 - Hofmann, Philipp ED - Milani, Gabriele ED - Ghiassi, Bahman T1 - Experimental investigations on the influence of eccentric load application on the load bearing capacity of clay unit masonry walls T2 - 18th International Brick and Block Masonry Conference : Proceedings of IB2MaC 2024 Volume 2, 21.-24. July 2024, Birmingham N2 - For the analysis of centric and double-eccentric wall compression tests, a comprehensive database of different highly thermally insulating clay unit types is being compiled for the first time. The objective of the analysis is, on the one hand, to characterise the load-deformation behaviour of highly thermally insulating clay unit masonry and, on the other hand, to analyse the resulting stress distribution at the cross-section level. In addition, the influence of the increasing load inclination angle with decreasing test specimen slenderness is also shown. With regard to the wall compression tests under double-eccentric loading, the effects caused by the load inclination become obvious and lead to an average reduction of the load-bearing capacity of 41% compared to the centric compression tests. Furthermore, an opposite effect can also be observed with regard to the generally known interaction between decreasing specimen slenderness and increasing load-bearing capacity. According to this, lower load-bearing capacities result with constant eccentricity and decreasing slenderness, so that a back calculation to a uniform slenderness ratio with the relevant normalisation functions is not possible. The reason for this is due to the linearly increasing load inclination angle and the resulting increasing shear stress within the transverse webs. Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-3-031-73309-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-73310-9_17 SP - 239 EP - 253 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schermer, Detleff A1 - Meißner, Jonathan A1 - Amberger, Franziska A1 - Hofmann, Philipp ED - Ghiassi, Bahman ED - Milani, Gabriele T1 - Numerical investigation for nonlinear internal forces at the exterior wall-floor joints T2 - 18th International Brick and Block Masonry Conference : Proceedings of IB2MaC 2024 Volume 2, 21.-24. July 2024, Birmingham N2 - The objective of the presented work is the analysis of the numerically determined nodal moments at the exterior wall-floor joint compared to the linear-elastic calculation of a frame section according to Annex C of Eurocode 6, Part 1–1 (EN 1996-1-1). The focus of the comparative analysis is the influence of the structural nonlinearity of the exterior wall-floor joint as well as the acting wall axial force, which are explicitly captured in the FE model in contrast to the linear-elastic frame section. In particular, the contact zone is of special importance for partially supported floor and the associated discontinuous stress distribution between the exterior wall and slab. The reason for this is the fact that the transition zone between the masonry wall and the slab behaves in a highly nonlinear manner due to the lack of tensile strength. The related eccentricity e/a required for the ultimate limit state design is thus significantly influenced by the interaction of the axial force and the resulting joint rotations. Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-3-031-73310-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-73310-9_19 SP - 266 EP - 279 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schermer, Detleff ED - Albert, Andrej T1 - Kapitel 7A: Mauerwerksbau T2 - Schneider Bautabellen für Ingenieure : mit Berechnungshinweisen und Beispielen Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-3-8462-1479-4 PB - Reguvis CY - Köln ET - 26. aktualisierte Auflage ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hofmann, Philipp A1 - Schermer, Detleff A1 - Amberger, Franziska A1 - Meißner, Jonathan ED - Ghiassi, Bahman ED - Milani, Gabriele T1 - Substitute test method for the local load bearing capacity of masonry with partially supported slabs T2 - 18th International Brick and Block Masonry Conference : Proceedings of IB2MaC 2024 Volume 2, 21.-24. July 2024, Birmingham N2 - With increasing thermal insulation requirements and resource-efficient construction methods, demands on building exterior walls are rising. Monolithic exterior walls, devoid of additional insulation, require meticulous planning and execution of the exterior wall-floor joint. Besides addressing building physics, fire safety, and sustainable construction, this detail must meet structural analysis standards. The joint’s load-bearing capacity hinges on both the masonry wall and slab loads. Masonry walls primarily bear loads from slabs and roof structures. However, slab loads induce rotation, adding bending stress to the masonry. Bending transmission depends on structural design, material parameters, and axial force, creating parameter interactions. To scrutinize various products and design variants regarding contact stiffness, load distribution, and stress concentrations, the Laboratory for Structural Engineering at the University of Applied Sciences (OTH) in Regensburg, Germany developed specific testing methods. These methods realistically capture load redistribution effects based on perforation patterns and quantify potential loadbearing reserves. Additionally, optimising design regulations based on results can accurately describe masonry’s load-deformation behaviour. Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-3-031-73310-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-73310-9_21 SP - 294 EP - 307 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Amberger, Franziska A1 - Schermer, Detleff A1 - Hofmann, Philipp A1 - Meißner, Jonathan ED - Ghiassi, Bahman ED - Milani, Gabriele T1 - Shear tests on thermal insulating clay unit masonry walls T2 - 18th International Brick and Block Masonry Conference : Proceedings of IB2MaC 2024 Volume 2, 21.-24. July 2024, Birmingham N2 - Masonry made of highly insulating clay units is a very common construction method, especially in multi-storey residential buildings. To apply this type of construction also in earthquake proven areas, the characterisation of strength and deformation properties under cyclic horizontal loads is essential. For this, a series of full-scale experimental investigations on the behaviour of walls made of thermally insulating clay unit masonry under combined loadings (N-M-V) were carried out in the Laboratory for Structural Engineering at the University of Applied Sciences Regensburg (OTH), Germany. The aim of the static-cyclic tests was to characterise the load-deformation behaviour and the failure mechanism under earthquake loadings. In conventional buildings, stiffening walls are loaded by vertical axial forces and horizontal in-plane loadings. The interaction with the concrete floor slabs leads to restraining effects in real buildings, which create counteracting bending moments. Accordingly, in the test, the loads were applied by a combined loading of bending moment and axial force. Digital image correlation documented deformations to identify failure mechanism. Results indicate that current design approaches according to DIN EN 1996-1-1 are on the safe side regarding the load-bearing capacity of the tested walls contain load-bearing capacity reserves. Based on the failure patterns from digital image correlation, it can be recognised that a strict separation of the individual failure types does not appear to make sense, as the ultimate failure of the test specimens was caused by a combination of several failure types. Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-3-031-73310-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-73310-9_3 SP - 31 EP - 43 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Meißner, Jonathan A1 - Schermer, Detleff A1 - Amberger, Franziska A1 - Hofmann, Philipp ED - Schermer, Detleff ED - Brehm, Eric T1 - Experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen am Außenwand-Decken-Knoten T2 - Mauerwerk-Kalender 2025 Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-3-433-03445-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/9783433612019.ch17 VL - 50 SP - 367 EP - 414 PB - Ernst & Sohn Verlag CY - Berlin ER -