TY - GEN A1 - Meyer-Sickendiek, Burkhard A1 - Baumann, Timo A1 - Hussein, Hussein T1 - Requirements on the Punctuation Reconstruction for the Translation of Post-modern Poetry T2 - DHd 2020 ; Spielräume ; Digital Humanities zwischen Modellierung und Interpretation ; Konferenzabstracts ; Universität Paderborn 02. bis 06. März 2020 Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-945437-07-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4621722 PB - Universität Paderborn CY - Paderborn ER - TY - GEN A1 - Baumann, Timo ED - Devillers, Laurence ED - Kawahara, Tatsuya ED - Moore, Roger K. ED - Scheutz, Matthias T1 - Ubiquity of Computing and SLIVAR BT - Towards Effective and Ethical Interaction T2 - Spoken Language Interaction with Virtual Agents and Robots (SLIVAR): Towards Effective and Ethical Interaction KW - human-robot interaction KW - spoken language processing KW - virtual agents Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-124009 VL - 10 PB - Schloss Dagstuhl ‐ Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik CY - Dagstuhl, Germany ER - TY - GEN A1 - Meyer-Sickendiek, Burkhard A1 - Hussein, Hussein A1 - Baumann, Timo T1 - From Fluency To Disfluency: Ranking Prosodic Features Of Poetry By Using Neural Networks T2 - Proceedings of the International Conference on Digital Humanities (DH 2019), Utrecht, the Netherlands 9-12 July, 2019 Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.34894/EGZNMI ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tsai, Vivian A1 - Baumann, Timo A1 - Pecune, Florian A1 - Cassell, Justine T1 - Faster Responses are Better Responses: Introducing Incrementality into Sociable Virtual Personal Assistants Y1 - 2018 UR - https://colips.org/conferences/iwsds2018/wp/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/IWSDS-2018_paper_42_presentation.pdf ER - TY - INPR A1 - Bock, Sebastian A1 - Weiß, Martin Georg T1 - Local Convergence of Adaptive Gradient Descent Optimizers N2 - Adaptive Moment Estimation (ADAM) is a very popular training algorithm for deep neural networks and belongs to the family of adaptive gradient descent optimizers. However to the best of the authors knowledge no complete convergence analysis exists for ADAM. The contribution of this paper is a method for the local convergence analysis in batch mode for a deterministic fixed training set, which gives necessary conditions for the hyperparameters of the ADAM algorithm. Due to the local nature of the arguments the objective function can be non-convex but must be at least twice continuously differentiable. Then we apply this procedure to other adaptive gradient descent algorithms and show for most of them local convergence with hyperparameter bounds. KW - ADAM Optimizer KW - Convergence KW - momentum method KW - dynamical system KW - fixed point Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-7546 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wulf, Frederik A1 - Lindner, Tobias A1 - Strahringer, Susanne A1 - Westner, Markus T1 - IaaS, PaaS, or SaaS? The Why of Cloud Computing Delivery Model Selection BT - Vignettes on the Post-Adoption of Cloud Computing T2 - Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2021 N2 - Most large-scale organizations adopted Cloud Computing (CC) on a company level in recent years. Managers now face the challenge to appropriately implement CC "operationally", i.e., for information systems (ISs). We refer to this as post-adoption, addressing the extent of technology usage after adoption. Specifically, managers need to choose among the CC delivery models Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS), and Software-asa-Service (SaaS). We differentiate the determinants of this post-adoption decision for IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS. Based on this analysis, we derive criteria that guide managers' delivery model selection: Adopt 1) IaaS for ISs requiring flexibility and reduced time to market, 2) PaaS to access specialized resources, and 3) SaaS to focus on core competencies. Moreover, we analyze the impact on the CC strategy and postulate them as recommendations: I) acknowledge the interplay between governance and time-to-market, II) realize cost savings on company level, and III) consider strategically important ISs for CC. KW - Cloud Computing KW - IT Sourcing Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-7913 UR - https://aisel.aisnet.org/hicss-54/os/practice-based_research/5/ SN - 978-0-9981331-4-0 SP - 6285 EP - 6294 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hipp, Susanne T1 - Small antennas in huge environments - simulation using hybrid methods T2 - Workshop des ITG-Fachausschuss HF1: Innovative Beamforming Antennas Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Paetzel, Maike A1 - Schlesinger, Philipp A1 - Pricop, Mircea A1 - Comaneci, Radu A1 - Baumann, Timo A1 - Menzel, Wolfgang T1 - Inkrementelle und zustandsbasierte Verarbeitung in einem hybriden Sprachdialogsystem BT - Postersession der Sektion Computerlinguistik Y1 - 2013 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236879516_Inkrementelle_und_zustandsbasierte_Verarbeitung_in_einem_hybriden_Sprachdialogsystem UR - https://www.timobaumann.de/work/uploads/Main/pentomino2013dgfsposter.pdf ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hobelsberger, Martin A1 - Mottok, Jürgen A1 - Dumke, Reiner T1 - A model based safety analysis approach for embedded system architectures T2 - Tag der Technik 2008 Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gegenfurtner, Andreas A1 - Boucheix, Jean-Michel A1 - Gruber, Hans A1 - Hauser, Florian A1 - Lehtinen, Erno A1 - Lowe, Richard K. T1 - Der Gaze Relational Index als Indikator visueller Expertise T2 - 51. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie : 15. bis 20. September 2018, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Campus Westend N2 - Eye tracking is a powerful technique that helps reveal how people process visual information. This paper discusses a novel metric for indicating expertise in visual information processing. Named the Gaze Relational Index (GRI), this metric is defined as the ratio of mean fixation duration to fixation count. Data from two eye-tracking studies of professional vision and visual expertise in using 3D dynamic medical visualizations are presented as cases to illustrate the suitability and additional benefits of the GRI. Calculated values of the GRI were higher for novices than for experts, and higher in non-representative, semi-familiar / unfamiliar task conditions than in domain-representative familiar tasks. These differences in GRI suggest that, compared to novices, experts engaged in more knowledge-driven, top-down processing that was characterized by quick, exploratory visual search. We discuss future research aiming to replicate the GRI in professional domains with complex visual stimuli and to identify the moderating role of cognitive ability on GRI estimates. Y1 - 2020 SN - 2573-2773 SP - 402 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hipp, Susanne T1 - Designing steerable antenna arrays using simulation T2 - GeMIC 2020 N2 - Antenna arrays are one possibility to design a steerable antenna. Designing an antenna array is a challenging task, where simulation can help to reduce the design complexity. Simulating a complete array can be computational expensive, therefore designing the array is often broken in several task. The first goal is to design and optimize a single antenna element followed by an optimization of this antenna element while considering the vicinity of further equal elements. A unit cell approach is a feasible and easy way to accomplish this task. This approach already considers parameter such as active element pattern and radiation pattern angles. As soon as the unit cell optimization, emulating an infinite array, is finished, the real array with a finite size is simulated, especially considering edge elements and parameters such as excitation patterns or active and passive elements. Due to the high simulation effort at this stage optimization should be kept to a minimum and high performance computing might be required. Finally, a feeding network and different excitations for various beam patterns can be investigated using combined methods to reduce the simulation effort. KW - Antennengruppe KW - Entwurf KW - Simulation Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Renner, Sebastian A1 - Pozzobon, Enrico T1 - SIM SIMulator T2 - IT Security Conference Troopers19, 2019, Heidelberg, Germany N2 - Der Vortrag präsentierte ein Tool, das die Simulation einer SIM-Karte durch einen Standard-Mikrocontroller ermöglicht. Mit diesem Täuschungsmanöver kann die Authentifizierung des 3G-Mobilfunkstandards seitens der SIM-Karte umgangen werden. Tritt zusätzliche Hardware hinzu, die eine 3G-Basisstation vortäuscht, lässt sich eine Man-in-the-Middle-Attacke im 3G-Netz durchführen. In diesem Szenario ist es möglich, die sensiblen Kommunikationsdaten, also den gesamten Datenverkehr beispielsweise zwischen einem Pkw und den Backend-Servern des Herstellers, auszulesen und zu untersuchen. Zudem eignet sich das Tool zum Pentesten von Modems oder SIM- beziehungsweise Smartcard-Applikationen. Der komplette Aufbau des sogenannten SIMulators ist als Open-Source-Software frei verfügbar und auf GitHub abrufbar. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FC8UsCy4zVE UR - https://intra.fh-regensburg.de/en/our-university/aktuelles/detail/news/einbruchsicherheit-fuer-die-vernetzte-zukunft.html ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Steffens, Oliver T1 - Report on a Vernier (Nonius Rule) for Non-Linear Scales N2 - The vernier or nonius (in other languages) goes back to a measuring tool used in navigation and astronomy named after its inventor Pedro Nunes (1502–1578; Latin: Petrus Nonius), a Portuguese mathematician and navigator. The nonius was created in 1542 to take finer measurements on circular instruments such as the astrolabe. In 1631 the French mathematician Pierre Vernier (1580–1637) adapted and simplified the system which was later denoted “vernier”. We present a method to construct a vernier-like scale for logarithmic scales (as used for typical slide rules), which results in variable tick spacings. The idea is to put the non-linear scale on a spiral. The method can be applied to any non-linear scale, not only logarithmic scales. KW - Slide rule KW - Vernier KW - Nonius KW - Logarithmic scale Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-58926 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Steffens, Oliver T1 - A Perpetual Calendar Slide Rule N2 - We present a method and demonstrate the construction of an analog (mechanical/graphical) perpetual calendar device for the Gregorian calendar system. It allows to calculate the weekdays of a day in any year (and vice versa). KW - Slide Rule KW - Perpetual Calendar KW - Gregorian calendar KW - Analog Computing Devices Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-58935 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Baumann, Timo A1 - Paetzel, Maike A1 - Schlesinger, Philipp A1 - Menzel, Wolfgang T1 - Using Affordances to Shape the Interaction in a Hybrid Spoken Dialogue System T2 - Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2013 : Tagungsband der 24. Konferenz, Bielefeld, 26. - 28.3.2013 ; [ESSV 2013] N2 - Affordances manifest possibilities of interaction with a spoken dialogsystem. For example, the act of asking a question affords to the recipient thepossibility of answering. In the system we present, the observable act of maneuveringaffords the possibility of controlling a motion. Our system thus uses the affordanceprinciple to shape the interaction: to trigger the usage of instructions that are easyto understand and process, the system gives immediate visual feedback to afforduser commands that can then be reacted upon. This tightening of the interactionloop requires an incremental processing paradigm to allow fast reactions and to beable to alter ongoing system actions. Our system is a hybrid of incremental andnon-incremental processing components, combining conventional, state graph-basedprocessing, which has the advantage of widely available toolkits and well-understooddialog management, with incremental dialog processing which allows for the tightfeedback loop that provides for quick reactions. We tested our approach in a smalluser study and found that users used simpler and setting-independent commandsmore often and were more efficient when faced with the affordance-based version ofour system. Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:18-228-7-1836 UR - https://edoc.sub.uni-hamburg.de//informatik/volltexte/2013/183/ SN - 978-3-94431-03-4 SP - 12 EP - 19 PB - TUDpress ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Baumann, Timo T1 - Incremental Spoken Dialogue Processing: Architecture and Lower-level Components Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:361-25819101 SN - 9783848200221 N1 - Bielefeld, Univ., Diss., 2013 PB - Bielefeld University ER - TY - CHAP ED - Fuchs, Gerhard ED - Herrmann, Frank ED - Müller, Christian ED - Wirtz, Klaus Werner T1 - Anwendungen und Techniken zur Analyse großer Datenbestände BT - Tagungsband zur AKWI-Fachtagung am 11. bis 12.09.2008 an der Hochschule Niederrhein ; [Beiträge der Fachtagung "Anwendungen und Techniken zur Analyse Großer Datenbestände" im Rahmen der 21. Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises Wirtschaftsinformatik an Fachhochschulen (AKWI)] N2 - Mit dem Vorliegen großer Datenbestände steigen natürlich auch die Wünsche und Anforderungen zur Analyse dieser Daten. Aus diesen Gründen widmet sich die AKWI Tagung 2008 mit den hier dokumentierten Beiträgen und Diskussionen diesem Thema unter dem Titel: Herausforderungen an die Wirtschaftsinformatik: Anwendungen und Techniken zur Analyse großer Datenbestände. Mit dem analytischen Customer Relationship Management (CRM) wird von Frick und Iversen das Ziel verfolgt, die Analyse der verfügbaren Informationen für die Kundenbedürfnisse einzusetzen. Das kann beträchtlich die Qualität der Kundenbeziehungen verbessern. Es erfordert aber auch eine Weiterqualifizierung aller Beteiligten. Das Supply Chain Management (SCM) dient zur Unternehmensübergreifenden Betrachtung und Modifikation der Geschäftsprozesse. Die ständige Weiterentwicklung der Geschäftsprozesse in den Unternehmen erfordert auch permanent Anpassung bei den davon in der Supply Chain betroffenen Unternehmen. Die Erweiterung der klassischen Sichtweise der Kostenfunktion im Rahmen der Produktionsplanung um die Einfuhrzollproblematik wird von Szymanski mit einem Ansatz zur Optimierung der Supply Chain mit mathematischen Optimierungsmodellen aufgezeigt. Die Gründe dafür liegen in den immer globaleren Gegebenheiten der Beschaffungs-, Produktions- und Distributionslogistik. Für die umfangreichen Aufgaben im Umgang mit den Enterprise Ressource Planning (ERP) Systemen und deren Implementierung werden heute entsprechende Tools benötigt. Von SAP wird dafür der SAP Solution Manager angeboten. Von Frick und Lankes wird der SAP Solution Manager als ein Projektmanagement Werkzeug eingesetzt. Unternehmen jeder Größenordnung sehen sich zunehmend mit der Herausforderung konfrontiert, die betrieblichen Daten für die unterschiedlichsten Zielsetzungen zur Verfügung zu stellen. Neben den betrieblichen Anforderungen rücken hier aber auch die Änderung der Abgabenordnung (AO) und damit der Datenzugriff durch die Finanzbehörden, die Einhaltung von Compliance Richtlinien und damit das Erkennen von Unterschlagungshandlungen als auch die Bestätigung der Ordnungsmäßigkeit des Jahresabschlusses durch die Wirtschaftsprüfer immer stärker in den Fokus der digitalen Aufbereitung von Unternehmensdaten. Wirtschaftsprüfer, Interne Revisoren und Betriebsprüfer der Finanzverwaltung haben die gleichen Probleme zu bewältigen, indem sie sich mit einer gewachsenen, heterogenen und durch Firmenzukäufe und Ausgliederungen stetig ändernden IT Infrastruktur auseinander zu setzen haben. Von Herde wird ein Ansatz zur Extraktion betrieblicher Massendaten in ein analysefähiges Format, unabhängig von operativen Systemen, kostengünstig realisiert. Der Umgang mit großen Mengen von Daten, auch aus unterschiedlichen Unternehmensbereichen, einer großen Anzahl von Benutzern erfordert heute ein Data Warehouse mit konsolidierten Daten. Ohne eine ausreichende Konsolidierung, d. h. ohne eine einheitliche Darstellung der Daten, kann keine sinnvolle Auswertung erfolgen. Erst mit einem Data Warehouse können die Mitarbeiter auch erkennen, was das Unternehmen zu speziellen Fragen eigentlich alles weiß. Von Stegemerten wird aufgezeigt, wie aus einer bestehenden Unternehmensstrategie eine Strategie zum Aufbau eines Data Warehouses abgeleitet werden kann und eine Organisationsstruktur beschrieben, die diese Umsetzung gewährleistet. Die Bedeutung des Controllings wird in dem Beitrag von Frank Weymerich mit der Entwicklung eines entsprechenden Cockpits deutlich. Hier werden die für das Controlling nützlichen Informationen in einem individuell bedienbaren Cockpit für die betrieblichen Entscheider sinnvoll zusammengestellt. In allen Beiträgen werden unterschiedliche spezielle Aspekte der Analyse und Organisation großer Datenbestände aus der Sicht der Wirtschaftsinformatik mit dem ihr eigenen Blick auf die Gesamtheit aller Einflussgrößen aufgezeigt. KW - Controlling KW - Customer Relationship Management KW - Data Warehouse KW - SAP Solution Manager KW - Supply Chain Management KW - Business Computing KW - CRM Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-2489 PB - Verlag News & Media CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Brosig, Christoph A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Strahringer, Susanne ED - Borštnar, Mirjana Kljajić T1 - Linking IT assets and competitive advantage - IT capabilities of servitized business models T2 - 34th Bled eConference Digital Support from Crisis to Progressive Change: June 27 - 30, 2021, Online: Conference Proceedings N2 - This paper connects research from business model innovation and information systems by exploring critical IT capabilities for servitized business models. The adoption of servitized business models is a major business model innovation strategy. At the same time, digitalization drives the evolution of IT capabilities at these business models. Scholars argue that it remains unclear how IT capabilities enable servitized business models to build a competitive advantage by achieving cost advantages or differentiation. This paper explores IT capabilities that enable building a competitive advantage for servitized business models based on a qualitative analysis of multiple published case studies. The authors identify configurations of IT capabilities among servitized business models. The findings contribute to servitization research by exploring IT capabilities and how they are combined among servitized business models. The insights help practitioners deploy digital technologies and IT assets effectively as building blocks of IT capabilities to advance their servitized business model. KW - resource-based view KW - IT capability KW - digital servitization KW - competitive advantage KW - Geschäftsmodell KW - Innovation KW - Hybrides Leistungsbündel KW - Informationstechnik Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-20158 UR - https://press.um.si/index.php/ump/catalog/book/581 SN - 978-961-286-485-9 SP - 111 EP - 123 ER - TY - INPR A1 - Weiß, Martin Georg T1 - Optimization of Cartesian Tasks with Configuration Selection N2 - A basic task in the design of an industrial robot application is the relative placement of robot and workpiece. Process points are defined in Cartesian coordinates relative to the workpiece coordinate system, and the workpiece has to be located such that the robot can reach all points. Finding such a location is still an iterative procedure based on the developers' intuition. One difficulty is the choice of one of the several solutions of the backward transform of a typical 6R robot. We present a novel algorithm that simultaneously optimizes the workpiece location and the robot configuration at all process points using higher order optimization algorithms. A key ingredient is the extension of the robot with a virtual prismatic axis. The practical feasibility of the approach is shown with an example using a commercial industrial robot. KW - optimization KW - Intralogistik KW - Industrieroboter KW - Programmgenerierung KW - Nichtlineare Optimierung KW - robotics Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-20176 UR - https://arxiv.org/pdf/1811.07137.pdf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Falter, Thomas A1 - Goldberg, Boris A1 - Günther, Swen A1 - Steffens, Oliver ED - Borowski, Esther ED - Cernavin, Oleg ED - Hees, Frank ED - Joerißen, Theresa T1 - Transfererfolg messbar machen BT - Von der Idee über die Implementierung zur Anwendung mit Transferindikatorik im Forschungsbetrieb T2 - Erfolgreicher Transfer in der Arbeitsgestaltung N2 - Hochschulen für angewandte Wissenschaften (HAW) kommt als regionalen Innovationstreibern eine gesellschaftliche Verantwortung durch ihre Zusammenarbeit mit Unternehmen und Gesellschaft zu. Diese Zusammenarbeit geschieht im Rahmen von Aktivitäten des Wissens- und Technologietransfers. Die Beurteilung des Erfolgs dieser Transferaktivitäten verursacht jedoch regelmäßig Schwierigkeiten, da geeignete Indikatoren zur Erfolgsmessung fehlen. Im Rahmen des vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) geförderten Verbundforschungsprojektes Transfer_i wurde ein Modell zur Objektivierung und Messung von Forschungsleistung, forschungsbasiertem Transfer sowie dessen Umsetzung am Markt in Form von Innovationen erarbeitet. Mit dem Forschungsprojekt wurden kausale Zusammenhänge für das Gelingen von Transfer identifiziert und daraufhin entsprechende Indikatoren definiert, um auf dieser Basis die Steuerung von Transferprozessen zu ermöglichen. In diesem Beitrag werden zwei im Projekt Transfer_i entwickelte Modelle und Indikatoren vorgestellt, die die Voraussetzungen für einen erfolgreichen Transferprozess abbilden können. Auf dieser Grundlage zeigen wir anhand eines Projekts (MAGGIE) der Ostbayerischen Technischen Hochschule (OTH) Regensburg mit mehreren regionalen Partnern, wie die vorher definierten Modelle und Indikatoren in einem konkreten Anwendungsfall verwendet werden können. Abschließend beschreiben wir die erforderlichen Rahmenbedingungen für die erfolgreiche Umsetzung von Transfer an Hochschulen und wie darauf bezogene Indikatoren effektiv eingeführt werden können. KW - Angewandte Forschung KW - Transfer Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-67568 UR - https://www.waxmann.com/index.php?eID=download&buchnr=4808 SP - 173 EP - 187 PB - Waxmann CY - Münster ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Blaabjerg Karlsen, Tobias A1 - Decuzar de Castro, Karl Jhon A1 - Pipars, Emils A1 - Abdel Qader, Iyad Ahed Abdelrahman A1 - Ilinca Sainz, Jose Dumitru A1 - Srugys, Simas A1 - Niebuhr, Oliver ED - Baumann, Timo T1 - In Tune With In-Poco? A New Device for Analyzing and Training the Interplay of Body Posture and Charismatic Speech Prosody T2 - Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2024, Tagungsband der 35. Konferenz, Regensburg, 6.-8. März 2024 N2 - Our paper introduces a new technology for posture research and training: the INteractive POsture COrrector, IN-POCO. The device warns its users about unfavorable postures when speaking (e.g., sitting in video conferences) and is thus suitable as an aid for rhetoric trainers. In addition, IN-POCO can also collect time-aligned posture and speech signals for researching prosody-posture relationships in the speech sciences. We outline the motivation for the development of IN-POCO and describe the key technical specifications and operational characteristics. The paper concludes with a pilot experiment in which we provide initial evidence that, for a communicative (public) speaking task, posture does indeed affect speech prosody in gender-specific ways – in line with claims of rhetoric trainers and guidebooks, and such that an unfavorable (e.g,, humped) posture can be assumed to reduce the speaker's vocal charisma. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-70900 SN - 978-3-95908-325-6 SP - 132 EP - 140 PB - TUDpress CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Frohnmaier, Mariano A1 - Freisinger, Steffen A1 - Holt, Madeline Faye A1 - Georges, Munir ED - Baumann, Timo T1 - NoiSLU: a Noisy speech corpus for Spoken Language Understanding in the Public Transport Domain T2 - Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2024, Tagungsband der 35. Konferenz, Regensburg, 6.-8. März 2024 N2 - The use of local public transport requires the barrier-free purchase of a ticket. Travellers who are not proficient in the local language benefit from a multilingual human(ticket)machine voice interaction. This paper presents a nearly parallel audio dataset with 13218 annotated user queries from 20 speakers for English, German and Dutch. The domain-specific speech corpus can be understood as an evaluation dataset for future research in Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) and thus, it enables researches to improve the quality of human-machine interaction applications. Furthermore, we compare the SLU performance of different compositions of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and Natural Language Understanding (NLU) models in baseline experiments on different test datasets. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-70848 SN - 978-3-95908-325-6 SP - 86 EP - 93 PB - TUDpress CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kettler, Benedict A1 - Hillmann, Stefan ED - Baumann, Timo T1 - Supervised vs. Zero-Shot Learning Automatic Classification of Comments on Educational Videos Using Pre-Trained Language Models T2 - Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2024, Tagungsband der 35. Konferenz, Regensburg, 6.-8. März 2024 N2 - Despite the potential of AI, only a small percentage of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are adopting it due to data issues, expertise gaps, and implementation barriers. Zero-shot learning offers a promising approach for SMEs by minimizing these obstacles. This paper explores the use of zero-shot learning in a real-world NLP classification task on online comments (comparable with intent classification tasks) from the e-learning platform Sofatutor. While finetuning has achieved high accuracy (82.3–86.5%), zero-shot models have shown lower performance (39.3–61.4%) due to different label selection, grouping of different scenarios in one class and the type of classification task. Even if the current accuracy is not sufficient for practical application, pre-filtering the data using zeroshot learning might be a promising option for SMEs. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-70928 SN - 978-3-95908-325-6 SP - 149 EP - 156 PB - TUDpress CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rajasekhar, Anjana A1 - Leschanowsky, Anna A1 - Peters, Nils ED - Baumann, Timo T1 - Towards Speech Privacy Assessment for Voice Assistants: Exploring Subjective and Objective Measures for Babble Noise T2 - Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2024, Tagungsband der 35. Konferenz, Regensburg, 6.-8. März 2024 N2 - The growing prevalence of voice assistants has sparked privacy concerns with respect to content privacy and potential human-based attacks such as eavesdropping which make users feel uncomfortable utilizing them in public. To address these challenges, understanding human privacy perceptions in acoustic environments becomes paramount. This understanding can empower voice assistants to accurately quantify privacy perceptions, adapt conversational patterns, and ultimately enhance human-machine interaction. This study draws inspiration from human-tohuman interactions and previous research on acoustic privacy, to quantify privacy perceptions in environments characterized by babble noise. The primary objective is a comprehensive evaluation of both objective and subjective measures to quantitatively capture privacy perceptions in acoustic environments. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-70885 SN - 978-3-95908-325-6 SP - 116 EP - 123 PB - TUDpress CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Huber-Liebl, Markus A1 - Wirsching, Günther ED - Baumann, Timo T1 - Ein quantenlogisch motivierter Ansatz zur Verarbeitung von Äußerungs‐Bedeutungspaaren T2 - Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2024, Tagungsband der 35. Konferenz, Regensburg, 6.-8. März 2024 N2 - Wir repräsentieren eine Bedeutung als Liste von Mustersignalen, und unser Ziel ist es, ein weiteres ankommendes Signal damit zu vergleichen. Die Quantenlogik motiviert die Verwendung von Orthogonalprojektoren, um die gesuchte Ähnlichkeit als Projektionswahrscheinlichkeit darzustellen. Die Ergebnisse des quantenlogischen Verfahrens hängen davon ab, in welcher Weise die Signale vorverarbeitet werden. In diesem Aufsatz untersuchen und diskutieren wir vier verschiedene Möglichkeiten der Vorverarbeitung. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-70857 SN - 978-3-95908-325-6 SP - 94 EP - 101 PB - TUDpress CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Jahnke, Thorben Frank A1 - Sonnen, Corinna A1 - Walther, Mathias ED - Baumann, Timo T1 - Konzept und Evaluation eines Softwaresystems zur Unterstützung der CRM-basierten Sprechwirkungsuntersuchung T2 - Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2024, Tagungsband der 35. Konferenz, Regensburg, 6.-8. März 2024 N2 - Das Continuous-Response-Measurement-Verfahren bildet durch die kontinuierliche Bewertungsmöglichkeit eine wichtige Ergänzung zu den gängigen Methoden im Repertoire der Wirkungsforschung. Um diesen Mehrwert voll ausschöpfen zu können, wird als Verfahrensoptimierung die Entwicklung einer Softwarelösung vorgestellt. Die Überprüfung des optimierten CRM-Verfahrens erfolgt mittels eines Anwendungsfalls aus der sprechwissenschaftlichen Telekommunikationsforschung im Rahmen eines User-Acceptance-Tests. Dabei wird die Funktionalität und Bedienerfreundlichkeit der entwickelten CRM-Softwarelösung unter Beachtung der für die Sprechwirkungsforschung relevanten Kriterien in Form einer A-BStudie getestet. Das Gesamtergebnis des User-Acceptance-Tests fällt für die Software Evalue positiv aus. Mit Hilfe der Verfahrensoptimierung des CRM-Verfahrens ist eine variabel einsetzbare und damit vielfältig nutzbare CRM-Softwarelösung entstanden. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-70893 SN - 978-3-95908-325-6 SP - 124 EP - 131 PB - TUDpress CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Venkateswaran, Siddarth A1 - Böck, Ronald ED - Baumann, Timo T1 - Can Language Models Behave Like Wine Sommeliers? – Using Multiple Agents To Evaluate The Quality of Wine Descriptors Generated By Llama 2 T2 - Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2024, Tagungsband der 35. Konferenz, Regensburg, 6.-8. März 2024 N2 - Wines are complex beverages whose taste can be described either numerically or textually, with the former involving the rating of the intensities of different aroma characteristics often with the help of a wine tasting wheel, and the latter with the help of crisp terms often in a poetic fashion. These are often done with the help of wine sommeliers who with one sniff can describe the wine. Usually, each sommelier has a unique style when it comes to textually describing a wine, research has shown that such differences have no negative impact in correctly classifying wines on the basis of their color, grape variety, region etc. Given the recent advancements in the field of Natural Language Processing, especially with the emergence of Large Language Models, we aim to check the capability of Llama 2 in its ability to generate texts pertaining to a specific color of a wine, given a list of aroma intensities as input prompts. In our experiments, we relied on data from Meininger and Falstaff, and on a combination of domain adaptation and pseudo-labeling techniques to create the corpus to train the Llama 2 model on. Also, we relied on a voting scheme of three differently trained classifiers to evaluate the wine-color specific text generation capabilities of Llama 2. Additionally, we employed the services of domain experts to evaluate the quality of a sample set of texts that was generated by Llama 2. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-70911 SN - 978-3-95908-325-6 SP - 141 EP - 148 PB - TUDpress CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Birkholz, Peter A1 - Zhang, Xinyu ED - Baumann, Timo T1 - An Investigation of Acoustic Features of the Lower Vocal Tract for Speaker Recognition T2 - Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2024, Tagungsband der 35. Konferenz, Regensburg, 6.-8. März 2024 N2 - Speaker recognition systems often use mel-scaled cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) as main features. In contrast to MFCCs, Godoy et al. (2015) proposed a different type of short-term spectral analysis that provides features related to the lower vocal tract (LVT). They are calculated as the ratio of the acoustic shorttime spectra during the closed and open phases of the glottal oscillation cycles based on a pitch-synchronous analysis. These features were suggested to be particularly speaker-specific and might therefore be suitable to substitute or complement MFCCs in speaker recognition systems. The present study investigated the benefit of these features in an i-vector-based speaker recognition system. Using the LVT features alone, the system achieved a speaker recognition rate of 92.3% with 63 enrolled speakers. When the LVT features were fused with conventional MFCC features, the recognition rate was about equal to the recognition rate using MFCC features alone (> 98%). Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-70870 SN - 978-3-95908-325-6 SP - 108 EP - 115 PB - TUDpress CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Draxler, Christoph A1 - Pömp, Julian ED - Baumann, Timo T1 - Octra Backend - Eine skalierbare Infrastruktur für Transkriptionsprojekte T2 - Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2024, Tagungsband der 35. Konferenz, Regensburg, 6.-8. März 2024 N2 - Octra Backend ist eine portable web-basierte Infrastruktur für Transkriptionsprojekte, die lokal im Feld oder geschützten Bereichen, im begrenzten Intranet oder weltweit erreichbar im Internet eingesetzt werden kann. Entwicklungsziele waren die Gewährleistung möglichst hoher Sicherheitsanforderungen, eine gute Skalierbarkeit sowie eine einfache Installation auch ohne Administratorrechte. Octra Backend ist in Node.js implementiert und für MacOS, Windows und Linux verfügbar. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-70867 SN - 978-3-95908-325-6 SP - 102 EP - 107 PB - TUDpress CY - Dresden ER - TY - GEN ED - Baumann, Timo ED - Siegert, Ingo T1 - Sprachassistenten: Anwendungen, Implikationen, Entwicklungen N2 - Der zweite ITG-Workshop „Sprachassistenten – Anwendungen, Implikationen, Entwicklungen“ fand am 5. März 2024 in Regensburg statt. Er bot eine organisatorische und inhaltliche Fortführung des ersten Workshops vor vier Jahren in Magdeburg 2020. Auch in diesem Jahr war er wieder der Konferenz Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung angegliedert. Auf dem Workshop wurden vielfältige und interdisziplinäre Beiträge in eingeladenen Vorträgen und als eingereichte Poster präsentiert. Durch die gute Mischung von Beitragenden sowohl aus der Hochschullandschaft als auch aus der Industrie wurden die verschiedensten Aspekte anwendungsnah diskutiert. KW - Sprachassistenzsysteme KW - Digitaler Sprachassistent Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-71292 CY - Regensburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mousavi, Neda A1 - Saeed Sarfjoo, Seyyed A1 - Grawunder, Sven ED - Baumann, Timo T1 - Unsupervised emotional pattern recognition using rhythmic and vocal features T2 - Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2024, Tagungsband der 35. Konferenz, Regensburg, 6.-8. März 2024 N2 - In this study, we address the complex dynamics of emotional speech and comprehensively examine the integration of rhythmic and vocal features to recognize emotional patterns. Our exploration is conducted using two German emotional corpora: VMEmo and EmoDB. Employing a combination of supervised methods (here linear discriminant analysis, LDA) and unsupervised techniques (here k-means clustering), we aim to uncover nuanced patterns within the emotional speech in these corpora. The application of LDA highlights salient patterns across different feature sets and focuses on the classification of speakers and prosodic characteristics. In addition, k-means clustering uncovers latent structures that reveal subtle mapping between emotions and speech behavior. Our results suggest that it is possible to cluster data based on prosodic behaviors that are influenced by emotional changes. Although precise mapping to the actual clusters derived from emotional labels could not be fully achieved, the results nonetheless reveal a moderate level of success in this investigation. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-71026 SN - 978-3-95908-325-6 SP - 233 EP - 240 PB - TUDpress CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ibrahim, Omnia A1 - Yuen, Ivan A1 - Xue, Wei A1 - Andreeva, Bistra A1 - Möbius, Bernd ED - Baumann, Timo T1 - Listener-Oriented Consequences of Predictability-Based Acoustic Adjustment T2 - Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2024, Tagungsband der 35. Konferenz, Regensburg, 6.-8. März 2024 N2 - This paper investigated whether predictability-based adjustments in production have listener-oriented consequences in perception. By manipulating the acoustic features of a target syllable in different predictability contexts in German, we tested 40 listeners’ perceptual preference for the manipulation. Four source words underwent acoustic modifications on the target syllable. Our results revealed a general preference for the original (unmodified) version over the modified one. However, listeners generally favored the unmodified version more when the source word had a higher predictable context compared to a less predictable one. The results showed that predictability-based adjustments have perceptual consequences and that listeners have predictability-based expectations in perception. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-70984 SN - 978-3-95908-325-6 SP - 196 EP - 202 PB - TUDpress CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ranzenberger, Thomas A1 - Bocklet, Tobias A1 - Freisinger, Steffen A1 - Georges, Munir A1 - Glocker, Kevin A1 - Herygers, Aaricia A1 - Riedhammer, Korbinian A1 - Schneider, Fabian A1 - Simic, Christopher A1 - Zakaria, Khabbab ED - Baumann, Timo T1 - Extending HAnS: Large Language Models For Question Answering, Summarization, And Topic Segmentation In An ML-based Learning Experience Platform T2 - Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2024, Tagungsband der 35. Konferenz, Regensburg, 6.-8. März 2024 N2 - The use of chatbots based on large language models (LLMs) and their impact on society are influencing our learning experience platform Hochschul-Assistenz-System (HAnS). HAnS uses machine learning (ML) methods to support students and lecturers in the online learning and teaching processes [1]. This paper introduces LLM-based features available in HAnS which are using the transcript of our improved Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) pipeline with an average transcription duration of 45 seconds and an average word error rate (WER) of 6.66% on over 8 hours of audio data of 7 lecture videos. A LLM-based chatbot could be used to answer questions on the lecture content as the ASR transcript is provided as context. The summarization and topic segmentation uses the LLM to improve our learning experience platform. We generate multiple choice questions using the LLM and the ASR transcript as context during playback in a period of 3 minutes and display them in the HAnS frontend. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-71032 SN - 978-3-95908-325-6 SP - 219 EP - 224 PB - TUDpress CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kinoshita, Keisuke A1 - Delcroix, Marc A1 - Gannot, Sharon A1 - Habets, Emanuël A. P. A1 - Haeb-Umbach, Reinhold A1 - Kellermann, Walter A1 - Leutnant, Volker A1 - Maas, Roland A1 - Nakatani, Tomohiro A1 - Raj, Bhiksha A1 - Sehr, Armin A1 - Yoshioka, Takuya ED - Watanabe, Shinji ED - Delcroix, Marc ED - Metze, Florian ED - Hershey, John R. T1 - The REVERB Challenge: A Benchmark Task for Reverberation-Robust ASR Techniques T2 - New Era for Robust Speech Recognition N2 - The REVERB challenge is a benchmark task designed to evaluate reverberation-robust automatic speech recognition techniques under various conditions. A particular novelty of the REVERB challenge database is that it comprises both real reverberant speech recordings and simulated reverberant speech, both of which include tasks to evaluate techniques for 1-, 2-, and 8-microphone situations. In this chapter, we describe the problem of reverberation and characteristics of the REVERB challenge data, and finally briefly introduce some results and findings useful for reverberant speech processing in the current deep-neural-network era. Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-3-319-64679-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64680-0_15 VL - 27 SP - 345 EP - 354 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kisser, Lea A1 - Busch, Matthias A1 - Siegert, Ingo ED - Baumann, Timo T1 - Review of Usage and Potentials of Conversational Interfaces at Universities and in Students Daily Lifes T2 - Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2024, Tagungsband der 35. Konferenz, Regensburg, 6.-8. März 2024 N2 - The continuous advancement of digitization extends beyond educational institutions, giving rise to numerous innovations, particularly in the realm of study information [1]. One avenue for incorporating digital methodologies involves leveraging conversational agents (CAs) [2], serving as interactive interfaces bridging the gap between humans and computers. In the broader context, conversational agents are gaining prominence, offering several benefits to their users. The overarching goal is to comprehensively assist users through these intelligent systems. Consequently, exploring existing university chatbots becomes imperative to discern the areas where they excel. This research aims to scrutinize diverse chatbot systems, delving into their use cases and the challenges they encounter, employing a systematic review. Here it turns out that chatbots support universities the most in the fields of administration, e-learning and mental health. Furthermore, the study will investigate practical experiences on the potential applications and implementation of these systems in university settings, incorporating insights from an online survey and interviews, both made with experts. Here it comes to conclusion that preparation in relation to a chatbot implementation is the key factor to success. Otherwise, a failed system is nearly impossible to be saved, once users lost trust in the system. Therefore, carefully made preparations in the technical and organisational field are necessary to provide a helpful assistant. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-70789 SN - 978-3-95908-325-6 SP - 38 EP - 45 PB - TUDpress CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Walther, Mathias A1 - Zeuner, Elisabeth A1 - Rykova, Eugenia ED - Baumann, Timo T1 - Interaktionsverhalten eines Avatars im digitalen sprachtherapeutischen Setting T2 - Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2024, Tagungsband der 35. Konferenz, Regensburg, 6.-8. März 2024 N2 - Die Therapie-App aphaDIGITAL wird im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts entwickelt, um Menschen mit Aphasie im häuslichen Umfeld zu unterstützen. Das Projekt kombiniert bewährte Therapiemethoden mit digitalen Technologien, einschließlich künstlicher Intelligenz und einem interaktiven Avatar namens Eva. Dieser Artikel betrachtet die Analyse und Entwicklung der Interaktionsmechanismen, die für eine digitale Assistenz von Aphasietherapie den größten Einfluss haben. Es wurden dazu reale Therapiesitzungen zwischen sprachgeschädigten Menschen und ihren Therapeuten konversationsanalytisch nach spezifischen Merkmalen untersucht. Darauf aufbauend wurde durch manuelle Animation ein prototypisches Mundbild modelliert und ein eigenes Artikulationssystem konzipiert, um ein entsprechend authentisches Modell der deutschen Artikulations- und Koartikulationsmuster abzubilden. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-70774 SN - 978-3-95908-325-6 SP - 30 EP - 37 PB - TUDpress CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kany, Valentin A1 - Trouvain, Jürgen ED - Baumann, Timo T1 - Computergestützte Bestimmung des Sprechflusses bei Vorschulkindern T2 - Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2024, Tagungsband der 35. Konferenz, Regensburg, 6.-8. März 2024 N2 - Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, inwiefern sich die in der Phonetik verbreiteten Skripte zur automatisierten Feststellung von verschiedenen Aspekten des Sprechflusses von de Jong et al. zur Beurteilung des Sprachstands bei Kindern eignen und in welcher Art und Weise die Methodik angepasst werden könnte. Dazu wurden Sprachdaten von Vorschulkindern mit Deutsch als Muttersprache bzw. als Zweitsprache mithilfe eines Serious Game zur Sprachstandserhebung elizitiert. Die Audiodaten wurden bezüglich Artikulationsrate, Pausen und Füllpartikeln sowohl automatisiert durch die Skripte als auch manuell annotiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die Skripte zur Ermittlung der Artikulationsrate mit einer relativ hohen Übereinstimmung mit der manuellen Ermittlung zur Verwendung in Sprachstandserhebungsverfahren eignen. Auch die automatische Erkennung von Sprechpausen weist einen hohen Precision-Wert auf und könnte als Instrument in Sprachstandserhebungen verwendet werden. Eine solche Verwendung würde mit einer Erweiterung um die hier vorgestellte manuelle Methode zum Annotieren von disfluenten und nicht disfluenten Pausen profitieren. Bei den Füllpartikeln stellte sich die automatisierte Klassifizierung hingegen als weniger geeignet heraus. Hier wurde keine hohe Übereinstimmung mit der menschlichen Annotation festgestellt. Um in der Praxis Verwendung finden zu können, muss diese Methode noch erweitert werden, zum Beispiel durch Miteinbeziehen der Pausenerkennung. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-70819 SN - 978-3-95908-325-6 SP - 62 EP - 69 PB - TUDpress CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Eliseeva, Uliana A1 - Yuen, Ivan A1 - Möbius, Bernd ED - Baumann, Timo T1 - Perception of Formant Distortion in German Words and Non-words T2 - Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2024, Tagungsband der 35. Konferenz, Regensburg, 6.-8. März 2024 N2 - Concatenative text-to-speech (TTS) systems remain a widely used cheaper alternative to neural TTS systems. Yet concatenation of prerecorded units entails some drawbacks, such as spectral distortion, the perceptual consequences of which remain unclear. In an attempt to bridge this gap, our study focused on the effect of spectral distortion in vowel formants on perceived speech quality in naturally-read manipulated German words as well as non-words. More specifically, we explored the distortion effect on a varying number of affected formants, at different magnitude and directionality in two corner vowels /a:/ and /i:/. The results indicate that single formant manipulations have a less pronounced effect on the listeners’ perception compared to multiple formant perturbations. The threshold at which the distortion became generally audible was estimated to lie between 0.4 and 1.0 bandwidth. The directionality of the distortion was not found to be significant. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-70793 SN - 978-3-95908-325-6 SP - 46 EP - 53 PB - TUDpress CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kuhn, Johannes A1 - Wolff, Matthias A1 - Borislavov, Borislav ED - Baumann, Timo T1 - Epsilon-Verarbeitung bei minimalistischen Grammatiken für Zahlen T2 - Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2024, Tagungsband der 35. Konferenz, Regensburg, 6.-8. März 2024 N2 - Um bei Minimalistischen Grammatiken (MG) Übergenerierung zu vermeiden, kann man Einträge mit leeren Exponenten (ε-Einträge) verwenden. Ein Eintrag besteht aus einem Exponenten, der die Äußerung oder Schrift eines Wortes repräsentiert, einer Merkmalsliste, welche die Syntax kodiert und einem λ-Ausdruck, der die Semantik repräsentiert. Leere Einträge führen allerdings zu einer schlechteren Verwendbarkeit der Grammatik für das Parsen. Die vorliegende Arbeit wird ein Umformungsalgorithmus für MGs vorstellen, sodass die Anzahl der ε-Einträge verringert werden kann, um sie wieder für Parser verwendbar zu machen. Hierzu werden die ε-Einträge mit den anderen Einträgen vorverarbeitet und dadurch neue Einträge geschaffen. Die nun überflüssigen ε-Einträge können dann problemlos entfernt werden. Der Algorithmus wurde anhand von über 260 Zahlwortgrammatiken getestet. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-70830 SN - 978-3-95908-325-6 SP - 78 EP - 85 PB - TUDpress CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Höge, Harald ED - Baumann, Timo T1 - The Use of Temporal Features in Cortical Segmentation of Syllables T2 - Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2024, Tagungsband der 35. Konferenz, Regensburg, 6.-8. März 2024 N2 - There is high confidence for the hypothesis that in speech perception the cycles of a θ-oscillation segment the auditory signal into syllables [8]. Yet the functionality of the oscillator generating the θ-oscillation is unknown. We follow the finding that, within an auditory scene, speech is perceived as a stream given by temporal coherence [12]. We work with the hypotheses that the θ-oscillator is driven by temporal features providing this coherence. We propose a new temporal feature called O-distance, which detects the onset of a syllable - the starting point to of a θ-cycle–triggered by the temporal distance from to to the instance of the maximal rise of the loudness curve of the vowel. To extract to from the auditory signal, we use the statistical properties of this distance based on the C-center hypothesis [25], which predicts a close temporal relation of the onset consonants to the onset of a vowel. The statistics are derived from reference O-distance extracted from an articulatory database, where the minima and maxima of the loudness are related to maxima and minima of the lower incisor and tongue tip. To judge the quality of the O-distance extracted from the auditory signal, we regard the temporal deviation of the O-distance to the reference O-distance. Currently we achieve a mean deviation of 34ms. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-70823 SN - 978-3-95908-325-6 SP - 70 EP - 77 PB - TUDpress CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schaffer, Stefan A1 - Schwaetzer, Eva A1 - Ruß, Aaron A1 - Gustke, Oliver ED - Baumann, Timo T1 - Chatbot in the Museum – A Field Study of User Experience and Modality Usage T2 - Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2024, Tagungsband der 35. Konferenz, Regensburg, 6.-8. März 2024 N2 - This paper describes a field study conducted with a museum chatbot at the Städel Museum Frankfurt. The chatbot uses the BERT language model for natural language processing and can be operated via touchscreen as well as via speech input. Prior to the study, hypotheses regarding the user experience of the system were formulated and a system-specific questionnaire was designed, which was used to inquire (among other things) about the perceived quality of the speech output and the frequency of audio guide use in museums. During the interaction with the chatbot, log data was collected and stored in the back-end system. The results show a significant correlation between perceived speech quality and user experience. An exploratory data analysis revealed that participants who used only speech input rated the system as significantly more stimulating than participants who used only touch input. Touch input turned out to be the most efficient input modality in terms of answer correctness and was rated highest regarding pragmatic quality. Interestingly touch input was preferred by younger participants. We discuss our findings and conclude that speech interaction should be seriously considered to create engaging conversational user experiences in museums. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-70758 SN - 978-3-95908-325-6 SP - 14 EP - 21 PB - TUDpress CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Possamai de Menezes, João Vítor A1 - Kleiner, Christian A1 - Kainz, Marie-Anne A1 - Echternach, Matthias A1 - Birkholz, Peter ED - Baumann, Timo T1 - Synchrony of Glottal Area Waveform Parameters During the Production of Obstruents in Vowel Context T2 - Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2024, Tagungsband der 35. Konferenz, Regensburg, 6.-8. März 2024 N2 - Obstruents are phonemes which require partial or total obstruction of airflow through the vocal tract. Their articulation also requires adjustments of the laryngeal settings, e. g., an abduction gesture to stop vocal fold vibration for voiceless obstruents. This study investigated the laryngeal settings during the production of voiced and voiceless obstruents in vowel context to analyze the degree of synchrony of the involved glottal gestures. High-speed laryngoscopy images were used to determine the glottal area waveform, from which the time functions of the parameters open quotient (OQ), fundamental frequency (f0), and AC and DC amplitude (ACA and DCA) were calculated and analyzed. Significant correlations were found between all pairs of parameters, with strong correlations between some of them, e.g. Open Quotient and AC Amplitude. Correlations were also either consistently positive or negative for specific pairs of parameters across all investigated phonemes. These results could point to consistent patterns in laryngeal gestures that could enhance articulatory speech synthesis. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-70808 SN - 978-3-95908-325-6 SP - 54 EP - 61 PB - TUDpress CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hillmann, Stefan A1 - Kowol, Philine A1 - Ahmad, Adnan A1 - Tang, Ruochen A1 - Möller, Sebastian ED - Baumann, Timo T1 - Usability and User Experience of a Chatbot for Student Support T2 - Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2024, Tagungsband der 35. Konferenz, Regensburg, 6.-8. März 2024 N2 - This paper describes the usability evaluation of the parts of the CHATU chatbot. The evaluation was conducted with 21 participants. A focus of this paper is the description of the carefully designed evaluation procedure, which aims to avoid textual priming of the participants. The general evaluation procedure can be applied to other speech- or text-based conversational systems, and additional material is provided. The evaluation results show that the usability and user experience of CHATU are positively rated. However, the naturalness and novelty of the interaction are not optimal, and the potential influence of users’ experience with LLMs on the evaluation is discussed. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-70760 SN - 978-3-95908-325-6 SP - 22 EP - 29 PB - TUDpress CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kruspe, Anna ED - Baumann, Timo T1 - More than words: Advancements and Challenges in Speech Recognition for Singing T2 - Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2024, Tagungsband der 35. Konferenz, Regensburg, 6.-8. März 2024 N2 - This paper addresses the challenges and advancements in speech recognition for singing, a domain distinctly different from standard speech recognition. Singing encompasses unique challenges, including extensive pitch variations, diverse vocal styles, and background music interference. We explore key areas such as phoneme recognition, language identification in songs, keyword spotting, and full lyrics transcription. I will describe some of my own experiences when performing research on these tasks just as they were starting to gain traction, but will also show how recent developments in deep learning and large-scale datasets have propelled progress in this field. My goal is to illuminate the complexities of applying speech recognition to singing, evaluate current capabilities, and outline future research directions. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-70748 SN - 978-3-95908-325-6 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - TUDpress CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schuler, Christian A1 - Nayak, Shravan A1 - Saha, Debjoy A1 - Baumann, Timo ED - Baumann, Timo T1 - Can We See Your Response Before You Speak? Exploring Linguistic Information Found in Inter-Utterance Pauses T2 - Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2024, Tagungsband der 35. Konferenz, Regensburg, 6.-8. März 2024 N2 - In this work we assess whether there is information in pauses in-between utterances of the same or different speakers that are predictive of the following speaker’s utterance. We present models that connect a person’s visual features before they speak to their upcoming utterance. In our experiments we find that outof-the-box pre-trained models can already reach a better-than-chance performance in correlating video embeddings to utterance embeddings. In contrast, models that attempt to predict the first word after the pause do not outperform a unigram model, indicating that our models do not read lips (based e.g. on co-articulation effects) but rather capture more fundamental aspects of the upcoming utterance. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-70949 SN - 978-3-95908-325-6 SP - 165 EP - 172 PB - TUDpress CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schubert, Martha A1 - Sinha, Yamini A1 - Krüger, Julia A1 - Siegert, Ingo ED - Baumann, Timo T1 - Speech Recognition Errors in ASR Engines and Their Impact on Linguistic Analysis in Psychotherapies T2 - Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2024, Tagungsband der 35. Konferenz, Regensburg, 6.-8. März 2024 N2 - Modern intervention planning in psychotherapies may benefit from predicting process relevant psychotherapy constructs by automated speech analysis. One essential step is the extraction of relevant linguistic speech markers by ASR engines, which because of highly sensible data, work offline. We analyze transcription errors from NeMo, Whisper, and Wav2Vec2.0, focusing on their impact on linguistic markers usually requiring high quality transcripts. By utilizing part-of-speech tagging, we examine error occurrences among different word types. The Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software aids in extracting markers. We highlight challenges in transcribing spontaneous speech, prevalent in therapy, and compare results with the Mozilla CommonVoice dataset, which features read speech. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-70999 SN - 978-3-95908-325-6 SP - 203 EP - 210 PB - TUDpress CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Harnisch, Philipp L. A1 - Hillmann, Stefan ED - Baumann, Timo T1 - Empirical Evaluation of ASR and NLU in a Multimodal Dialogue System for Survey Answering T2 - Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2024, Tagungsband der 35. Konferenz, Regensburg, 6.-8. März 2024 N2 - PROM surveys, used to measure the effect of rehabilitation treatments, are typically filled out on paper, and often suffer from low response rates. Replacing it with a multimodal survey system, supporting touch and speech interaction, could lead to lower hurdles and therefore more data quantity. To do this, it requires task-specific training samples for the Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and Natural Language Understanding (NLU) to classify spoken answers into one of the standardized PROM answer options. Due to the lack of training data for medical PROM surveys, we created augmented text samples with each answer option description, combined with different templates. To improve training capabilities, introduce a proper test set, and evaluate the ASR, we also collected 1,797 real voice samples within an empirical study. Further, we incorporate the contextual knowledge of the current question into our NLU architecture by implementing one classifier for every question scale. Our results reveal that training with empirical data leads to better results than augmented data from templates and original answer option descriptions. Because of participant mislabeling of 33% due to the ambiguity of the task, we receive overall low NLU performances with up to 51.1% accuracy, and rank-1-accuracy up to 79.3%. We also find that our implementation of many scale-specific NLU classifiers significantly outperforms one NLU classifier for all labels, that incorporates the same contextual knowledge after the prediction, by 8 percent points. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-71007 SN - 978-3-95908-325-6 SP - 211 EP - 218 PB - TUDpress CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Venkateswaran, Siddarth A1 - Al Foysal, Abdullah A1 - Shaik, Nazeer Basha A1 - Böck, Ronald ED - Baumann, Timo T1 - Is there Text in Wine? – S+U Learning-based Named Entity Recognition and Triplet Extraction from Wine Aroma Descriptors T2 - Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2024, Tagungsband der 35. Konferenz, Regensburg, 6.-8. März 2024 N2 - Wine making is usually considered a domain being far off the processing of speech and language. But in a particular aspect, the domains of speech processing and wine making are related, namely, in the description of wine aromas. These descriptors are used for creating wine expertise as well as more general (advertisement-like) textual representations. In the current paper, we use Natural Language Processing techniques, especially Named Entity Recognition, to identify Aspects and Opinions, reflecting wine characteristics. These are combined with analyses of respective relations (triplet extraction) building Aspect-Opinion-Pairs to establish indicative aroma descriptors, also trying to approach the complex interplay amongst these individual statements. In our experiments, we rely on the Falstaff corpus comprising a huge set of wine descriptions. This results in an average F1 score of around 0.85 for Aspect-Opinion classification. For triplet generation multiple strategies were compared, resulting in an average F1 score of 0.67 in this challenging task. For both tasks we rely only on a handful of manually annotated samples, applying pseudo-labeling methods from seed data to achieve automatic labeling. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-70931 SN - 978-3-95908-325-6 SP - 157 EP - 164 PB - TUDpress CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bauer, Judith A1 - Zalkow, Frank A1 - Müller, Meinard A1 - Dittmar, Christian ED - Baumann, Timo T1 - Evaluating the Impact of Prosody Feature Normalization on the Controllability of Pitch in Speech Synthesis T2 - Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2024, Tagungsband der 35. Konferenz, Regensburg, 6.-8. März 2024 N2 - Recent neural text-to-speech (TTS) models are able to synthesize highly natural speech signals using deep learning techniques. In practical applications, it can be desirable to have explicit control over the prosody (speech rate, fundamental frequency, and energy) of the synthesized speech. Such controllability can be achieved by adding prosody prediction modules, whose main purpose is to estimate plausible prosody features for each phoneme in the text input. This explicit modeling also allows for changing prosody features at inference time, consequently enabling the adjustment of the prosody in the synthesized audio. In this paper, we evaluate to which extent deliberate manipulation of such prosody features is reflected in the resulting speech audio. We focus particularly on changing the pitch (i.e., fundamental frequency) while applying different normalization strategies. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-70976 SN - 978-3-95908-325-6 SP - 188 EP - 195 PB - TUDpress CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sinha, Yamini A1 - Hintz, Jan A1 - Siegert, Ingo ED - Baumann, Timo T1 - Evaluation of Audio Deepfakes – Systematic Review T2 - Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2024, Tagungsband der 35. Konferenz, Regensburg, 6.-8. März 2024 N2 - Generative models for audio are commonly used for music composition, sound effects generation for video game development, audio restoration, voice cloning, etc. The ease of generating indistinguishable fake audio with deep learning poses a major threat to personal privacy, online security, and political discourse. Evaluating the quality and realism of these synthetic utterances is crucial for mitigating the potential for misinformation and harm. To assess this threat, this paper conducts a systematic review, using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), on how these deepfake models are currently evaluated. The analysis of 86 papers shows that the majority of the evaluation is conducted on a machine level and highlights a research gap regarding the human perception of deepfakes. This paper explores various methods and perceptual measures employed in assessing audio deepfakes and evaluating their strengths, limitations, and future directions. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-70960 SN - 978-3-95908-325-6 SP - 181 EP - 187 PB - TUDpress CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sering, Konstantin ED - Baumann, Timo T1 - Speech/Non-Speech Classification Slightly Improves Synthesis Quality in PAULE T2 - Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2024, Tagungsband der 35. Konferenz, Regensburg, 6.-8. März 2024 N2 - One of the tasks PAULE[1, 2] solves is finding suitable control parameter (cp-)trajectories for a given target acoustic. These cp-trajectories can be used to synthesize speech with the articulatory speech synthesizer of the VocalTractLab (VTL) [3]. If the target acoustic contains substantial microphone noise or other background noises, occasionally PAULE optimizes not for the speech in the target, but for this background noises. By adding a speech/non-speech classifier to the feedback and planning-loop in PAULE this resynthesis of background noises should be mitigated. Unfortunately, the improvements were minor, which might be due to uninformative gradients of the classifier. The importance of informative gradients and the use classifiers to adapt PAULE to different tasks are explained and discussed. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-70955 SN - 978-3-95908-325-6 SP - 173 EP - 180 PB - TUDpress CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mousavi, Neda A1 - Grawunder, Sven ED - Baumann, Timo T1 - The influence of signal segmentation methods on rhythm-bassed speaker recognition T2 - Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung 2024, Tagungsband der 35. Konferenz, Regensburg, 6.-8. März 2024 N2 - This study investigates the effects of speech segmentation methods on speaker recognition models, particularly with regard to the use of rhythmic feature sets. Using three automatic methods and one manual method on the German database of Kiel corpus, segmentation was performed based on the identification of vowel onsets. Subsequently rhythmic variability indices derived from these intervals were calculated and used for principal component analysis and support vector machine model in order to investigate the variation among speakers. The results underline the influence of signal segmentation methods on speaker recognition models. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-71014 SN - 978-3-95908-325-6 SP - 225 EP - 232 PB - TUDpress CY - Dresden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wiesmaier, Alexander A1 - Lippert, Markus A1 - Karatsiolis, Vangelis A1 - Raptis, Georgios A1 - Buchmann, Johannes T1 - An Evaluated Certification Services System for the German National Root CA - Legally Binding and Trustworthy Transactions in E-Business and E-Government T2 - Proceedings of The 2005 International Conference on E-Business, Enterprise Information Systems, E-Government, and Outsourcing, EEE 2005, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, June 20-23, 2005 Y1 - 2005 SN - 1-932415-76-9 SP - 103 EP - 108 PB - CSREA Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Meyer-Sickendiek, Burkhard A1 - Hussein, Hussein A1 - Baumann, Timo ED - Berton, André ED - Haiber, Udo ED - Minker, Wolfgang T1 - Recognizing Modern Sound Poetry with LSTM Networks T2 - Proceedings of Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung (ESSV) N2 - Our paper focuses on the computational analysis of “readout poetry” (german: Hördichtung) – recordings of poets reading their own work – with regards to the most important type of this genre, the modern “sound poetry” (german: Lautdichtung). Whereas “readout poetry” often uses normal words and sentences, the “sound poetry”, developed by dadaistic poets like Hugo Ball and Kurt Schwitters or concrete poets like Ernst Jandl, Oskar Pastior, or Bob Cobbing, combines the “microparticles of the human voice” like the segments in Ernst Jandls sound poem “schtzngrmm” (“schtzngrmm / schtzngrmm / tttt / tttt / grrrmmmmm / tttt / sch / tzngrmm”). Within the genre of sound poetry, there are two main forms: The lettristic and the syllabic decomposition. A short anecdote will explain this difference: The dadaist Raoul Hausmann developed the lettristic sound poetry in his early dadaistic poem “fmsbw” from 1918. This is said to have inspired his successor Schwitters, whose famous “Ursonate” [The Sonata in Primal Speech] begins with the words “Fümms bö wö tää zää Uu”. With the “Ursonate”, Schwitters developed a syllabic variation of the lettristic poems of Hausmann. The paper shows how to train a bidirectional LSTM network in order to differ between these “dadaistic” sound poems and the “normal” read out poems. In a further step, we will also show how to distinguish between the lettristic and the syllabic decomposition. Based on a bidirectional LSTM network that reads encodings of the character sequence in the poem and uses the output of each directional layer, we identify poems of the sound poetry genre and differentiate between its two types of compositions. The classification results of sound poetry vs. other poetry as well as lettristic vs. syllabic decomposition are with a high performance, yielding a f-scores of 0.86 and 0.84, respectively. KW - Sprachverarbeitung Y1 - 2018 UR - http://www.essv.de/paper.php?id=407 SN - 978-3-959081-28-3 SP - 192 EP - 199 PB - TUDpress CY - Ulm, Germany ER -