TY - JOUR A1 - Lichtenauer, Norbert A1 - Schlachetzki, Felix A1 - Eberl, Inge A1 - Meussling-Sentpali, Annette T1 - Differences in teletherapy and telecare?-Experiences of health professionals and patients with video communication in nursing, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy JF - Digital health N2 - INTRODUCTION The spread and implementation of digital synchronous video communication in telecare and teletherapy has recently increased significantly, not just because of COVID-19 but also due to a global trend towards more digital healthcare services in the last two decades. This shift prompts the question of how digital telesetting differs from a face-to-face setting and which aspects are fundamental. METHODS As the first part of a mixed-method study, qualitative interviews (n = 20) were conducted from July 2021 to January 2022. Health professionals (n = 13) and patients (n = 7) from occupational therapy, physiotherapy, speech therapy, and nursing were interviewed. All interviewees came from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. The results were categorized using structured content analysis. RESULTS Six main categories and 20 sub-categories were summarized, which can act as barriers or resources in a telesetting. Both sides described a high level of acceptance and approval of telesetting. Motivation and digital skills were of great importance. Furthermore, special features in communication and interaction were described, as well as changes in organizational procedures and a specific process flow in telesetting. Including relatives was more feasible, although several environmental factors should be considered. DISCUSSION A number of specific changes in a telesetting compared to a face-to-face setting show the need for a structured guide for interested parties. Appropriate basic principles must be taught in training and further education to support the spread of this new form of care. Furthermore, it is crucial to adapt the methodological and content-related aspects of telesetting and develop new approaches that specifically integrate audio-visual possibilities. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076241301963 VL - 10 PB - Sage ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Deuter, Daniel A1 - Haj, Amer A1 - Brawanski, Alexander A1 - Krenkel, Lars A1 - Schmidt, Nils Ole A1 - Doenitz, Christian T1 - Fast simulation of hemodynamics in intracranial aneurysms for clinical use JF - Acta Neurochirurgica N2 - BACKGROUND: A widely accepted tool to assess hemodynamics, one of the most important factors in aneurysm pathophysiology, is Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). As current workflows are still time consuming and difficult to operate, CFD is not yet a standard tool in the clinical setting. There it could provide valuable information on aneurysm treatment, especially regarding local risks of rupture, which might help to optimize the individualized strategy of neurosurgical dissection during microsurgical aneurysm clipping. METHOD: We established and validated a semi-automated workflow using 3D rotational angiographies of 24 intracranial aneurysms from patients having received aneurysm treatment at our centre. Reconstruction of vessel geometry and generation of volume meshes was performed using AMIRA 6.2.0 and ICEM 17.1. For solving ANSYS CFX was used. For validational checks, tests regarding the volumetric impact of smoothing operations, the impact of mesh sizes on the results (grid convergence), geometric mesh quality and time tests for the time needed to perform the workflow were conducted in subgroups. RESULTS: Most of the steps of the workflow were performed directly on the 3D images requiring no programming experience. The workflow led to final CFD results in a mean time of 22 min 51.4 s (95%-CI 20 min 51.562 s-24 min 51.238 s, n = 5). Volume of the geometries after pre-processing was in mean 4.46% higher than before in the analysed subgroup (95%-CI 3.43-5.50%). Regarding mesh sizes, mean relative aberrations of 2.30% (95%-CI 1.51-3.09%) were found for surface meshes and between 1.40% (95%-CI 1.07-1.72%) and 2.61% (95%-CI 1.93-3.29%) for volume meshes. Acceptable geometric mesh quality of volume meshes was found. CONCLUSIONS: We developed a semi-automated workflow for aneurysm CFD to benefit from hemodynamic data in the clinical setting. The ease of handling opens the workflow to clinicians untrained in programming. As previous studies have found that the distribution of hemodynamic parameters correlates with thin-walled aneurysm areas susceptible to rupture, these data might be beneficial for the operating neurosurgeon during aneurysm surgery, even in acute cases. Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-025-06469-9 VL - 167 PB - Springer ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zürner, Christian ED - Heese, Carl ED - Schütz, Sandra ED - Obergrießer, Stefanie T1 - Was macht die Kunst mit der Welt? T2 - Die Nachhaltigkeitsziele der UN im Spiegel der Wissenschaft : Beispiele aus der Sozial- und Gesundheitsforschung N2 - Der Beitrag bestimmt die Kunst als eine spezifische, feierliche Praxis des Kommunizierens mit der Welt, nicht über die Welt. Dies wird zunächst anhand ihrer Präsenz bei Festen und Feiern, dann auch anhand ihrer autonomen öffentlichen und privaten Vollzugsformen aufgezeigt. Solche Kommunikation mit der Welt hat existenzielle Bedeutung für Menschen und lässt sich daher mit der etablierten Vorstellung einer spielerischen Zweckfreiheit des Ästhetischen nicht erfassen. Kunst ist vielmehr eine Praxis existenziellen ästhetischen Sorgens um das menschliche Dasein in der Welt. In dieser Eigenschaft trifft sie sich mit den ebenfalls von einem existenziellen Sorgen um dieses Dasein motivierten Nachhaltigkeitszielen der Vereinten Nationen, in deren Rahmen sie durch ihren spezifischen Weltbezug eine bildungsbedeutsame Funktion entfalten kann. Die folgenden Ausführungen fassen die in meiner Monographie Ästhetisches Sorgen (Zürner, C. (2020). Ästhetisches Sorgen. Eine Theorie der Kunst. Bielefeld: transcript.) dargelegte Kunsttheorie zusammen und perspektivieren sie im Hinblick auf das Thema dieses Sammelbandes. KW - Ästhetik KW - Existenz KW - Kunst und Leben KW - Kunsttheorie Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-3-658-43333-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43334-5_23 SN - 2731-8834 SP - 413 EP - 428 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Richter, Stefanie ED - Heese, Carl ED - Schütz, Sandra ED - Obergrießer, Stefanie T1 - Herausforderungen für Wissenschaft und Forschung im Kontext von nachhaltiger Entwicklung. Ein Essay mit gesundheitswissenschaftlichem Fokus T2 - Die Nachhaltigkeitsziele der UN im Spiegel der Wissenschaft : Beispiele aus der Sozial- und Gesundheitsforschung N2 - In der Agenda 2030 wird dem Zusammenspiel von Technologie, Innovation und Wissenschaft eine zentrale Bedeutung zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung beigemessen. Wissenschaft und Forschung werden neben Politik, Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft als Co-Akteure zur Lösung komplexer gesellschaftlicher und globaler Herausforderungen betrachtet. Ausgehend von den Entwicklungslinien der UN-Debatte und den darin zutage tretenden Erwartungen an Wissenschaft und Forschung setzt sich der Artikel kritisch mit dem Innovationsverständnis und den Anforderungen an Forschungs- und Entwicklungszusammenhänge unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Transdisziplinarität und Gesundheitsforschung auseinander. KW - Gesundheitsforschung KW - Innovationen KW - Nachhaltige Entwicklung KW - Transdisziplinarität Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-3-658-43333-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43334-5_19 SN - 2731-8834 SP - 337 EP - 354 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ortner, Martina ED - Kemal, Bozay ED - Borstel, Dierk T1 - Heimatliebe, Nationalstolz und Rassismus - Einzelmeinung oder Trend? BT - Extrem rechte politische Weltanschauungen von Migrant_innen (in München) T2 - Ungleichwertigkeitsideologien in der Einwanderungsgesellschaft N2 - Spricht hierzulande jemand von „Rechtsextremismus“ werden damit üblicherweise Einstellungsmuster und Verhaltensweisen von Deutschen assoziiert. Wenig Beachtung findet bislang, wie verbreitet entsprechende Einstellungen und Verhaltensweisen bei Migrant_innen sind und ob das Beobachtete mit der Zuschreibung „Rechtsextremismus“ treffend benannt ist. Die Fachinformationsstelle Rechtsextremismus in München (firm) wollte einen Beitrag zur Klärung liefern und führte von 2009 bis 2013 ein Projekt dazu durch. Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-3-658-14245-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-14245-2_15 SP - 235 EP - 259 PB - Springer ET - 1. Aufl. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rütten, Markus A1 - Krenkel, Lars A1 - Quadrio, Maurizio T1 - Simulation and Analyis of the Unsteady Flow within Nasal Airways T2 - 9th European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering - ECCOMAS Congress, 3-7 June 2024, Lisbon, Portugal Y1 - 2024 UR - https://re.public.polimi.it/handle/11311/1269952 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Markov-Glazer, Alon A1 - Elbe, Anne-Marie A1 - Schliermann, Rainer T1 - From their eyes: Deaflympic athletes' and coaches' perspectives on mental training JF - Frontiers in sports and active living N2 - INTRODUCTION Sport psychology research has largely overlooked athletes with hearing impairments competing in Deaflympic sports, the designated elite sporting movement for this population. This study therefore explored Deaflympic athletes' and coaches' perspectives on mental training in the elite Deaf sports. METHODS A qualitative approach was used, involving six focus group interviews with 23 athletes (Mage = 33.09; 26.1% female) and four coaches from individual and team Deaf sports. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS Three themes emerged: sport psychology consultation, the influence of visual orientation on psychological skills and demands, and Deaf sport culture and communication. While participants expressed strong interest in sport psychology, engagement with professionals was limited by accessibility issues, lack of sign language-fluent consultants, and structural barriers. Deaf athletes reported adapting some techniques to match their visual-spatial orientation and both advantages and challenges of visual reliance in sports. Distinct communication dynamics between native signers and spoken-language users within Deaf teams were also revealed. DISCUSSION These findings highlight the importance of culturally sensitive sport psychology frameworks that support the needs and preferences of Deaflympic athletes and promote equitable access to effective mental training resources. Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-84183 N1 - Corresponding author der OTH Regensburg: Alon Markov-Glazer VL - 7 PB - Frontiers ER - TY - GEN A1 - Saffert, Anne-Sophie A1 - Melzner, Maximilian A1 - Dendorfer, Sebastian T1 - Biomechanical Analysis of the Right Elevated Glenohumeral Joint in Violinists during Legato-Playing T2 - Biomdlore 2021: 21-23 October 2021 Vilnius/Trakai, Lithuania N2 - BACKGROUND: Many statistics reveal that violin players suffer most often from musculoskeletal disorders compared to musicians of other instrument groups. A common phenomenon, especially observed in violin beginners, is the tendency to elevate the right shoulder during playing the violin. This can probably lead to serious disorders in long-term practice with repetitive movements. OBJECTIVE: For this reason, this study investigated the relationship between the right shoulder elevation and the force in the right glenohumeral joint during violin playing. It was hypothesized that the forces in the right glenohumeral joint are higher during playing with the right shoulder raised compared to playing in normal posture. METHODS: Motion capture data from four experienced violinists was recorded and processed by means of musculoskeletal simulation to get the force and elevation angle while playing with raised shoulder and in normal position. RESULTS: The results indicate that the absolute values of the resulting force, as well as the forces in the mediolateral, inferosuperior, and anteroposterior directions, are higher in playing the violin with the shoulder raised than in a normal posture. CONCLUSIONS: Elevating the right shoulder while playing the violin may pose a potential problem. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/THC-219001 N1 - Veröffentlicht in: Technology and Health Care, vol. 30, no. 1 (Selected Papers From the 13th International Conference BIOMDLORE 2021), pp. 177-186, 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kheiroddin, Parastoo A1 - Schöberl, Patricia A1 - Althammer, Michael A1 - Cibali, Ezgi A1 - Würfel, Thea A1 - Wein, Hannah A1 - Kulawik, Birgit A1 - Buntrock-Döpke, Heike A1 - Weigl, Eva A1 - Gran, Silvia A1 - Gründl, Magdalena A1 - Langguth, Jana A1 - Lampl, Benedikt A1 - Judex, Guido A1 - Niggel, Jakob A1 - Pagel, Philipp A1 - Schratzenstaller, Thomas A1 - Schneider-Brachert, Wulf A1 - Gastiger, Susanne A1 - Bodenschatz, Mona A1 - Konrad, Maike A1 - Levchuk, Artem A1 - Roth, Cornelius A1 - Schöner, David A1 - Schneebauer, Florian A1 - Rohrmanstorfer, René A1 - Burkovski, Andreas A1 - Ambrosch, Andreas A1 - Wagner, Thomas A1 - Kabesch, Michael ED - Buonsenso, Danilo T1 - Results of WICOVIR Gargle Pool PCR Testing in German Schools Based on the First 100,000 Tests JF - Frontiers in Pediatrics N2 - Background: Opening schools and keeping children safe from SARS-CoV-2 infections at the same time is urgently needed to protect children from direct and indirect consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. To achieve this goal, a safe, efficient, and cost-effective SARS-CoV-2 testing system for schools in addition to standard hygiene measures is necessary. Methods: We implemented the screening WICOVIR concept for schools in the southeast of Germany, which is based on gargling at home, pooling of samples in schools, and assessment of SARS-CoV-2 by pool rRT-PCR, performed decentralized in numerous participating laboratories. Depooling was performed if pools were positive, and results were transmitted with software specifically developed for the project within a day. Here, we report the results after the first 13 weeks in the project. Findings: We developed and implemented the proof-of-concept test system within a pilot phase of 7 weeks based on almost 17,000 participants. After 6 weeks in the main phase of the project, we performed >100,000 tests in total, analyzed in 7,896 pools, identifying 19 cases in >100 participating schools. On average, positive children showed an individual CT value of 31 when identified in the pools. Up to 30 samples were pooled (mean 13) in general, based on school classes and attached school staff. All three participating laboratories detected positive samples reliably with their previously established rRT-PCR standard protocols. When self-administered antigen tests were performed concomitantly in positive cases, only one of these eight tests was positive, and when antigen tests performed after positive pool rRT-PCR results were already known were included, 3 out of 11 truly positive tests were also identified by antigen testing. After 3 weeks of repetitive WICOVIR testing twice weekly, the detection rate of positive children in that cohort decreased significantly from 0.042 to 0.012 (p = 0.008). Interpretation: Repeated gargle pool rRT-PCR testing can be implemented quickly in schools. It is an effective, valid, and well-received test system for schools, superior to antigen tests in sensitivity, acceptance, and costs. KW - children KW - COVID-19 KW - Germany KW - PCR KW - pooling KW - gargle KW - schools KW - pandemic KW - Covid-19 KW - Polymerase-Kettenreaktion KW - Nachweis KW - Schulkind KW - Deutschland Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.721518 SN - 2296-2360 VL - 9 PB - frontiers ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schedlbauer, Jürgen A1 - Raptis, Georgios A1 - Ludwig, Bernd T1 - Medical informatics labor market analysis using web crawling, web scraping, and text mining JF - International Journal of Medical Informatics N2 - Objectives The European University Association (EUA) defines “employability” as a major goal of higher education. Therefore, competence-based orientation is an important aspect of education. The representation of a standardized job profile in the field of medical informatics, which is based on the most common labor market requirements, is fundamental for identifying and conveying the learning goals corresponding to these competences. Methods To identify the most common requirements, we extracted 544 job advertisements from the German job portal, STEPSTONE. This process was conducted via a program we developed in R with the “rvest” library, utilizing web crawling, web extraction, and text mining. After removing duplicates and filtering for jobs that required a bachelor's degree, 147 job advertisements remained, from which we extracted qualification terms. We categorized the terms into six groups: professional expertise, soft skills, teamwork, processes, learning, and problem-solving abilities. Results The results showed that only 45% of the terms are related to professional expertise, while 55% are related to soft skills. Studies of employee soft skills have shown similar results. The most prevalent terms were programming, experience, project, and server. Our second major finding is the importance of experience, further underlining how essential practical skills are. Conclusions Previous studies used surveys and narrative descriptions. This is the first study to use web crawling, web extraction, and text mining. Our research shows that soft skills and specialist knowledge carry equal weight. The insights gained from this study may be of assistance in developing curricula for medical informatics. KW - Medical informatics KW - Graduate employability KW - Text mining KW - Competence-based education KW - Soft skills Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2021.104453 SN - 1386-5056 VL - 150 IS - June PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Diana A1 - Sonar, Arne A1 - Weber, Karsten T1 - Zwischen Automatisierung und ethischem Anspruch – Disruptive Effekte des KI-Einsatzes in und auf Professionen der Gesundheitsversorgung T2 - Künstliche Intelligenz im Gesundheitswesen N2 - Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) und algorithmische Systeme der Entscheidungsfindung entwickeln sich rapide zu wichtigen neuen Technologien in unserem täglichen Leben und es kann kaum Zweifel geben, dass sie einen großen Einfluss auf die Gesellschaft haben – auch in Professionen der Gesundheitsversorgung. Aufgrund ihrer Wirkkraft auf vorhandene ökonomische und organisatorische Strukturen werden diesen Technologien gleichzeitig disruptive Effekte auf ihre jeweiligen Anwendungsdomänen zugesprochen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird an den Beispielen der klinischen Medizin sowie der Einzelfallhilfe der Sozialen Arbeit dargelegt, in welcher Weise KI professionelle Praxen in der Gesundheitsversorgung verändert, welche Konsequenzen daraus für die Professionen erwachsen und welche Handlungsaufforderungen sich für die jeweiligen Professionen ergeben. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-33597-7_14 SP - 325 EP - 348 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dillinger, Andrea Elisabeth A1 - Weber, Gregor R. A1 - Mayer, Matthias A1 - Schneider, Magdalena A1 - Göppner, Corinna A1 - Ohlmann, Andreas A1 - Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Fuchshofer, Rudolf A1 - Keller, Kate A1 - Lozano, Diana C. A1 - Clark, Abbot T1 - CCN2/CTGF-A Modulator of the Optic Nerve Head Astrocyte JF - Frontiers in cell and developmental biology (Front Cell Dev Biol.) N2 - In primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), a neurodegenerative disease of the optic nerve (ON) and leading cause of blindness, the optic nerve head (ONH) undergoes marked structural extracellular matrix (ECM) changes, which contribute to its permanent deformation and to degeneration of ON axons. The remodeling process of the ECM causes changes in the biomechanical properties of the ONH and the peripapillary sclera, which is accompanied by an increased reactivity of the resident astrocytes. The molecular factors involved in the remodeling process belong to the Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily, especially TGF-β2. In previous publications we showed that TGF-β2 induced ECM alterations are mediated by Cellular Communication Network Factor (CCN)2/Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF) and recently we showed that CCN2/CTGF is expressed by astrocytes of the ON under normal conditions. In this study we wanted to get a better understanding of the function of CCN2/CTGF under normal and pathologic conditions. To this end, we analyzed the glial lamina and peripapillary sclera of CCN2/CTGF overexpressing mice and studied the effect of CCN2/CTGF and increasing substratum stiffness on murine ON astrocytes in vitro. We observed enhanced astrocyte reactivity in the ONH, increased ECM protein synthesis in the peripapillary sclera and increased Ccn2/Ctgf expression in the ONH during the pathologic development in situ. CCN2/CTGF treatment of primary murine ON astrocytes induced a higher migration rate, and increase of ECM proteins including fibronectin, elastin and collagen type III. Furthermore, the astrocytes responded to stiffer substratum with increased glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin, actin and CCN2/CTGF synthesis. Finally, we observed the reinforced appearance of CCN2/CTGF in the lamina cribrosa of glaucomatous patients. We conclude that reactive changes in ONH astrocytes, induced by the altered biomechanical characteristics of the region, give rise to a self-amplifying process that includes increased TGF-β2/CCN2/CTGF signaling and leads to the synthesis of ECM molecules and cytoskeleton proteins, a process that in turn augments the stiffness at the ONH. Such a scenario may finally result in a vicious circle in the pathogenesis of POAG. The transgenic CTGF-overexpressing mouse model might be an optimal model to study the chronic pathological POAG changes in the ONH. KW - astrocytes KW - extracellar matrix KW - glaucoma KW - glial lamina KW - growth factors KW - optic nerve KW - stiffness Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.864433 VL - 10 PB - frontiers ER - TY - GEN A1 - Weber, Karsten A1 - Sonar, Arne A1 - Gerhards, Helene A1 - Bittner, Uta A1 - Krug, Henriette A1 - Reuter-Oppermann, Melanie A1 - Pumplun, Luisa A1 - Müller, Helene A1 - Buxmann, Peter A1 - Schneider, Diana A1 - Zoglauer, Thomas ED - Sonar, Arne ED - Weber, Karsten T1 - Künstliche Intelligenz und Gesundheit BT - Ethische, philosophische und sozialwissenschaftliche Explorationen N2 - Der Einsatz von künstlicher Intelligenz im Gesundheitsbereich verspricht besonders großen Nutzen durch eine bessere Versorgung sowie effizientere Abläufe und bietet damit letztlich auch ökonomische Vorteile. Dem stehen unter anderem Befürchtungen entgegen, dass sich durch den Einsatz von künstlicher Intelligenz das Arzt-Patienten-Verhältnis verändern könnte, Arbeitsplätze gefährdet seien oder die Ökonomisierung des Gesundheitswesens einen weiteren Schub erfahren könnte. Zuweilen wird die Debatte um diese Technologie, zumal in der Öffentlichkeit, emotional und fern sachlicher Argumente geführt. Die Autorinnen und Autoren untersuchen die Geschichte des KI-Einsatzes in der Medizin, deren öffentliche Wahrnehmung, Governance der KI, die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Technik sowie Einsatzgebiete, die bisher noch nicht oder nur wenig im Fokus der Aufmerksamkeit waren. Dabei erweist sich die KI als leistungsfähiges Werkzeug, das zahlreiche ethische und soziale Fragen aufwirft, die bei der Einführung anderer Technologien bereits gestellt wurden; allerdings gibt es auch neue Herausforderungen, denen sich Professionen, Politik und Gesellschaft stellen müssen. KW - Ethik KW - Künstliche Intelligenz KW - Gesundheit KW - Technikfolgenabschätzung Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-515-12977-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.25162/9783515129770 PB - Franz Steiner CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schliermann, Rainer A1 - Saad, Amr Mohamed Roushdy ED - Ohlert, Jeannine ED - Kleinert, Jens T1 - Evaluation einer von Trainern durchgeführten psychologischen Intervention am Beispiel der Sportart Rollstuhlbasketball T2 - Sport vereinT : Psychologie und Bewegung in Gesellschaft ; 43. Jahrestagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Sportpsychologie (asp) vom 2.-4. Juni 2011 in Köln ; Abstractband KW - Vereinssport KW - Sportpsychologie Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-3-88020-566-6 SN - 3880205663 PB - Feldhaus, Edition Czwalina CY - Hamburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheidt-Nave, Christa A1 - Richter, Stefanie A1 - Fuchs, Judith A1 - Kuhlmey, Adelheid T1 - Herausforderungen an die Gesundheitsforschung für eine alternde Gesellschaft am Beispiel "Multimorbidität" JF - Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz N2 - Indem ein wachsender Anteil der Bevölkerung ein hohes Alter erreicht, ändern sich Krankheitsspektrum und Versorgungsbedarf. Besondere Herausforderungen für das Gesundheitssystem ergeben sich durch Mehrfacherkrankung (Multimorbidität) älterer Menschen. Im Gegensatz zu krankheitsspezifischen Endpunkten treten Funktion im Alltag und subjektive Ergebnisdimensionen wie selbstbestimmte Lebensführung (Autonomie), soziale Teilhabe und Lebensqualität als Präventions- und Behandlungsziel in den Vordergrund. Die Gesundheitsforschung hat die Aufgabe, auf die Bedürfnisse spezifischer Zielgruppen alter Menschen abgestimmte Präventions- und Versorgungsmodelle zu entwickeln. Entscheidend dabei ist die Stärkung von personalen, sozialen und organisatorischen Ressourcen. Voraussetzung hierfür sind genaue Kenntnisse zur Entwicklung und zum Verlauf des Krankheitsgeschehens und zu zentralen Einflussfaktoren auf der Grundlage epidemiologischer Beobachtungsstudien. Gezielte Maßnahmen sind in Interventions- und Evaluationsstudien auf Wirksamkeit, Wirkung und Wirtschaftlichkeit zu überprüfen. Der vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) initiierte Förderungsschwerpunkt „Gesundheit im Alter“ fördert insgesamt sechs Forschungsverbünde zum Thema Multimorbidität, die hier kurz vorgestellt werden. T2 - Challenges to health research for aging populations using the example of "multimorbidity" KW - Aging KW - Altern KW - Bevölkerung KW - Frailty KW - Gebrechlichkeit KW - Health care service research KW - Multimorbidität KW - Multimorbidity KW - Population KW - Versorgungsforschung Y1 - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-010-1052-9 SN - 1437-1588 SN - 1436-9990 VL - 53 IS - 5 SP - 441 EP - 450 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheidt-Nave, Christa A1 - Richter, Stefanie A1 - Fuchs, Judith A1 - Kuhlmey, Adelheid T1 - Challenges to health research for aging populations using the example of "multimorbidity" JF - Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz N2 - Patterns of morbidity and health care needs are changing as the proportion of the population reaching old age increases. A particular challenge to the health care system results from coexisting health problems (multimorbidity) among the elderly. Regarding prevention and treatment goals, the focus needs to shift from disease-specific outcomes to function in daily life and subjective outcome dimensions, such as self-determination (autonomy), social participation, and quality of life. Health research faces the task of developing prevention and health care models adapted to the needs of specific subgroups of older people. Strengthening personal, social, and organizational resources is crucial. This requires precise knowledge about the development, course, and main determinants of disease processes based on observational epidemiological studies. Strategies need to be tested in intervention and evaluation studies with respect to efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency. A targeted research funding program “Health in older age” was initiated by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research and is currently funding six multimorbidity research consortia, which are briefly presented here. KW - Versorgungsforschung KW - Bevölkerung KW - Altern KW - Gebrechlichkeit KW - Multimorbidität KW - Frailty KW - Multimorbidity KW - Health care services research KW - Population KW - Aging Y1 - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-010-1052-9 VL - 53 IS - 5 SP - 441 EP - 450 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Attenberger, Eva A1 - Conrad, Jacob A1 - Freis, Annabella A1 - Kappelmeier, Judith A1 - Strauch, Felix A1 - Pfingsten, Andrea A1 - Schedel, Valentin T1 - Die Interrater-Reliabilität von Berufsanfänger*innen bei der Bewertung von Patient*innen mit Knieproblemen beim Sit-to-Stand T2 - physioscience N2 - Hintergrund: In der Physiotherapie existieren zahlreiche Assessments zur Befunderhebung der unteren Extremität bei Kniepatient*innen. Damit können praktizierende Physiotherapeut*innen das Problem der Patient*innen genauer erfassen und dementsprechend die Behandlung aufbauen. Das Ergebnis der Beurteilung einer Patient#ast#in hängt oftmals stark von den Bewertenden ab. Fragestellung: Deshalb überprüft die Studie die Hypothese, ob innerhalb einer Tester*innengruppe mehr gleiche Ausgleichsbewegung bei der Befundung des Sit-to-Stand (STS) anhand von Videomaterial erkannt werden, als es der Standard erwarten würde. Methode: In dieser beobachtenden klinischen Querschnittsstudie wurde die Vergleichbarkeit der Befundergebnisse von 4 Therapeut*innen zum abgewandelten STS untersucht. Die zu beurteilenden Proband*innen wurden während der Durchführung des abgewandelten STS standardisiert in der Frontal- und Sagittalebene gefilmt und mittels eines Fragebogens von Berufsanfänger*innen der Physiotherapie beurteilt. Bei dem erstellten Fragebogen handelte es sich um eine systematische Abfrage aller möglichen Bewegungen der großen Gelenke der unteren Extremität mit dichotomen Antwortmöglichkeiten. Eingeschlossen wurden Proband*innen mit oder ohne diagnostizierten Knieproblemen, die älter als 18 Jahre und deutschsprachig sind. Proband*innen mit einschränkenden Nebenerkrankungen wie z.B. neurologische Erkrankungen und Operationen in den letzten 6 Monaten wurden ausgeschlossen. Anschließend wurden die Antworten der Therapeut*innen auf die Übereinstimmung der Ergebnisse überprüft. Ergebnisse: Die vollständigen Ergebnisse werden auf dem Poster nachgereicht. Die Interrater-Reliabilität wird mit Hilfe des Fleiss’ Kappa bestimmt. Voraussichtlich werden 25 Proband*innen in die Studie eingeschlossen. Schlussfolgerung: Mittels der Ergebnisse soll auf die Interrater-Reliabilität von Bewegungsbefunden des abgewandelten STS bei Kniepatient*innen geschlossen werden KW - Kniegelenk KW - Beobachtung KW - Reliabilität KW - Berufsanfänger KW - Physiotherapie KW - Inter-Rater-Reliabilität KW - Sit-to-Stand Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-00000128 VL - 20 SP - S20 (P28) PB - Thieme ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huszák, Loretta A1 - Kauppinen, Antti A1 - Saßmannshausen, Sean Patrick A1 - Sobolieva, Tetiana A1 - Steger, Thomas ED - Huszák, Loretta ED - Kauppinen, Antti ED - Saßmannshausen, Sean Patrick ED - Sobolieva, Tetiana ED - Steger, Thomas T1 - Entrepreneurship Education in the Danube Region JF - JEEMS - Journal of East European Management Studies, Special Issue 2024: Entrepreneurship Education in Central and East Europe N2 - Resources for entrepreneurship education are not evenly distributed around the world, and territorial cooperation is often necessary. This is particularly true for the Eastern European region and especially for the Danube region. Entrepreneurship research (including entrepreneurship education) has a long tradition in Western countries but catching up and integration into international networks poses a challenge, especially for Eastern countries. The aim of this special issue is to contribute to the development of this international cooperation by presenting research and best practices in entrepreneurship education in Central and Eastern Europe. The special issue is part of the Danube Cup initiative, which combines entrepreneurship teaching and research to provide opportunities for entrepreneurship educators to benchmark best educational practices and develop inspiring research results in the field of entrepreneurship education. KW - Entrepreneurship KW - Entrepreneurship Education KW - Entrepreneurship Research Y1 - 2025 SN - 9783748949602 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748949602-7 SP - 7 EP - 14 PB - Nomos ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schildbach, Ina ED - Heese, Carl ED - Schütz, Sandra ED - Obergrießer, Stefanie T1 - Klimapolitik als neuer Grund für verschärfte globale Armut und Ungleichheiten? – Immanente Zielkonflikte der Agenda 2030 T2 - Die Nachhaltigkeitsziele der UN im Spiegel der Wissenschaft : Beispiele aus der Sozial- und Gesundheitsforschung - [SDG - Forschung, Konzepte, Lösungsansätze zur Nachhaltigkeit] N2 - Mit der 2015 verabschiedeten sogenannten Agenda 2030 haben sich die 193 Mitglieder der Vereinten Nationen auf 17 globale Ziele verpflichtet, die der Öffentlichkeit unter dem Schlagwort UN-Nachhaltigkeitsziele bekannt sind. Dabei wird im öffentlichen Diskurs kaum registriert, dass die Ziele durchaus in Konflikt zueinander geraten können. So kann die Bekämpfung des Klimawandels zu neuer Armut und Ungleichheit führen. Der Beitrag beleuchtet diese Zusammenhänge, indem mehrere Ebenen der Widersprüchlichkeit herausgearbeitet werden. KW - Agenda 2030 KW - Armut KW - Klimapolitik KW - Ungleichheit KW - UN-Nachhaltigkeitsziele Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-3-658-43333-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43334-5_2 SN - 2731-8834 SP - 13 EP - 29 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rudolph, Clarissa ED - Heese, Carl ED - Schütz, Sandra ED - Obergrießer, Stefanie T1 - „…dieser verbissene und humorlose Hühnerhaufen…“ - Sexismus und Antifeminismus in der Politik T2 - Die Nachhaltigkeitsziele der UN im Spiegel der Wissenschaft : Beispiele aus der Sozial- und Gesundheitsforschung N2 - Das Versprechen der Demokratie – die gleichberechtigte Partizipation aller – scheint in Bezug auf Geschlecht umgesetzt zu sein, zumindest im Hinblick auf das Wahlrecht. Trotzdem sind Frauen seltener in deutschen Parlamenten vertreten und Politikerinnen sind zudem vielfältigen Anfeindungen und Herabwürdigungen aufgrund ihres Geschlechts ausgesetzt. Der in diesem Beitrag analysierte Sexismus und Antifeminismus verdeutlicht, wie relevant das UN-Nachhaltigkeitsziel der Bekämpfung von Sexismus und der Durchsetzung der Geschlechtergleichstellung auch in Deutschland noch ist. KW - Antifeminismus KW - Demokratisierung KW - Geschlechtergerechtigkeit KW - Partizipation KW - Sexismus Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-3-658-43333-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43334-5_3 SN - 2731-8834 SP - 31 EP - 51 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Klemperer, David A1 - Kuhn, Joseph A1 - Robra, Bernt-Peter T1 - Pandemiemanagement durch nicht-pharmakologische Interventionen in der COVID-19-Pandemie T2 - Leitbegriffe der Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention: Glossar zu Konzepten, Strategien und Methoden N2 - Nicht-pharmakologische Interventionen (NPIs) sind Public Health-Interventionen ohne Einsatz von Medikamenten oder Impfstoffen mit dem Ziel, die Ausbreitung eines Krankheitserregers zu reduzieren. Im Zusammenhang mit der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie wurden vor allem Maßnahmen ergriffen, um übertragungsrelevante Kontakte zu reduzieren oder sicherer zu machen. Die Wirksamkeit einzelner Maßnahmen auf Bevölkerungsebene ist schwer zu beurteilen, die von Maßnahmenbündeln kann als gesichert gelten. Die rechtlichen Grundlagen für die grundrechtseinschränkenden Maßnahmen erscheinen noch nicht gesichert. KW - COVID-19 KW - SARS-CoV-2 KW - Coronavirus KW - Pandemiemanagement KW - Nicht-pharmakologische Maßnahmen Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17623/BZGA:Q4-LBPGF-23 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schöpf, Nicolas A1 - Hildner, Sonja A1 - Lieb, Veronika ED - Heese, Carl ED - Schütz, Sandra ED - Obergrießer, Stefanie T1 - Lebensweltbezug und Hilfe zur Selbsthilfe bei Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit: Ein Beitrag zu nachhaltiger Reintegration in Beschäftigung? T2 - Die Nachhaltigkeitsziele der UN im Spiegel der Wissenschaft : Beispiele aus der Sozial- und Gesundheitsforschung N2 - Die Reintegration in Erwerbstätigkeit wird bei langzeitarbeitslosen Personen dann zur Herausforderung, wenn individuelle multiple Problemlagen aus physischen und psychischen Krankheiten, mangelnder sozialer Teilhabe, Schwierigkeiten in der Bewältigung des Alltags und geringen (beruflichen) Kompetenzen vorliegen. Konventionelle Konzepte der Arbeitsmarktdienstleistung, insbesondere auch das Beschäftigungsorientierte Fallmanagement der Jobcenter, sind hier mitunter auch deshalb überfordert, weil zeitliche und materielle Ressourcen für eine angemessene Betreuung nicht ausreichen und das Prinzip der Beschäftigungsorientierung eine niedrigschwellige, ggf. auch aufsuchende sozialpädagogische Unterstützung nicht erlaubt. Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich vor diesem Hintergrund mit den Möglichkeiten, die ein lebensweltbezogenes Fallmanagement für eine nachhaltige berufliche Reintegration eröffnen könnte. Dabei geht es um die Fragen, was Lebensweltorientierung im Bereich der Arbeitsmarktdienstleistung bedeuten kann, welchen Beitrag sie zu einer nachhaltigen Verbesserung sozialer und beruflicher Teilhabe leisten und wie Nachhaltigkeit in diesem Zusammenhang verstanden werden kann. KW - Arbeitsmarktintegration KW - Bürgergeld KW - Health Literacy KW - Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit KW - Lebenswelt KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Selbsthilfe Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-3-658-43333-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43334-5_6 SN - 2731-8834 SP - 89 EP - 106 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Krenkel, Lars A1 - Wagner, Claus A1 - Wolf, Ursula A1 - Scholz, Alexander-Wigbert K. A1 - Terekhov, Maxim A1 - Rivoire, Julien A1 - Schreiber, W. ED - Hirschel, Ernst Heinrich ED - Schröder, Wolfgang ED - Fujii, Kozo ED - Haase, Werner ED - Leer, Bram ED - Leschziner, Michael A. ED - Pandolfi, Maurizio ED - Periaux, Jacques ED - Rizzi, Arthur ED - Roux, Bernard ED - Shokin, Yurii I. ED - Dillmann, Andreas ED - Heller, Gerd ED - Klaas, Michael ED - Kreplin, Hans-Peter ED - Nitsche, Wolfgang T1 - Protective Artificial Lung Ventilation: Impact of an Endotracheal Tube on the Flow in a Generic Trachea T2 - New Results in Numerical and Experimental Fluid Mechanics VII : Contributions to the 16th STAB/DGLR Symposium Aachen, Germany 2008 N2 - Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and experimental investigations on a generic model of the trachea have been carried out focusing on the impact of an endotracheal tube (ETT) on the resulting flow regime. It could be shown that detailed modelling of the airway management devices is essential for proper flow prediction, but secondary details as Murphy Eyes can be neglected. Models with bending and connector promote the formation of stronger secondary flows and disturbances which persist for a longer time. KW - computational fluid dynamics KW - Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation KW - Endotracheal Tube KW - Particle Image Velocimetry KW - Turbulent Kinetic Energy Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-3-642-14242-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14243-7_62 SP - 505 EP - 512 PB - Springer Berlin Heidelberg CY - Berlin, Heidelberg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Altenbuchner, Amelie A1 - Haug, Sonja A1 - Weber, Karsten ED - Hayn, Dieter ED - Eggerth, A. ED - Schreier, Günter T1 - Exploratory Analysis of Motion Tracking Data in the Rehabilitation Process of Geriatric Trauma Patients T2 - Studies in Health Technology and Informatic. Volume 260: dHealth 2019 - From eHealth to dHealth N2 - Background: This article is based on an ongoing long-term study, in which customary motion trackers measure steps during rehabilitation of geriatric trauma patients (Med=86 years). Objectives: Exploring steps after 28 days of measurement. Finding similarities in the data by running cluster analysis and formulating linear regressions models to predict steps through time. Methods: Two types of motion trackers (FitBitAlta HR and Garmin vívofit 3) have been used to measure patients' (N=24) steps after hip fracture in two study groups. Cluster analysis detected three clusters for progress in number of steps that were tested for group differences with ANOVA. Regression analysis tested models for individual patients. Results: Three-cluster solutions showed significant differences for the average amount of steps after 5, 14, 21 and 28 days. Regression models could predict 71 % of the individual patients' progress in study group 2. Conclusion: The long-term study will provide more data in the future to examine the three-cluster solution and to find out in what stage of rehabilitation the measurement of the steps could be used to predict individual rehabilitation. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-971-3-138 SP - 138 EP - 145 PB - IOS Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaeffer, Leon A1 - Herrmann, David A1 - Schratzenstaller, Thomas A1 - Dendorfer, Sebastian A1 - Böhm, Valter T1 - Theoretical considerations on stiffness characteristics of a 3-dimensional tensegrity joint model for the use in dynamic hand orthoses JF - Journal of Medical Robotics Research Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1142/S2424905X25400069 PB - World Scientific ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maier, Eva A1 - Zentgraf, Jan A1 - Angele, Eveline A1 - Zorzin, José A1 - Taschner, Michael A1 - Widbiller, Matthias A1 - Galler, Kerstin A1 - Schratzenstaller, Thomas T1 - A re-usable 3D-printed training model for the endodontic management of dental trauma in immature teeth JF - International endodontic journal N2 - AIM: To develop a 3D-printed model enabling treatment simulation of trauma-related endodontic and restorative procedures like revitalization or placement of an apical plug on teeth with incomplete root formation. METHODOLOGY: To generate a realistic training model suitable for trauma-related simulations, CT-Data sets were segmented, combined, adjusted and optimized using computer-aided design features. Specific focus was on optimally reflecting characteristics of immature teeth like open apical foramina and thin root walls. For reflection of the revitalization process, a set-up including a tube filled with red liquid under pressure was developed to be perforated during the procedure by the trainee, simulating bleeding from the apical papilla into the root canal system. Design was based on a combination of cost-effective simple parts combined with 3D-printed components to achieve maximal accessibility, exchangeability and re-usability. Model assembly and preparation were described in step-by-step instructions. RESULTS: As a result of the developmental process, the presented model qualifies for the training of the endodontic management of complications on immature teeth after dental trauma. Step-by-step descriptions aligned with the clinical procedures are performable for a revitalization procedure, for pulpotomy followed by fragment re-attachment and splint application and for placement of an apical plug using hydraulic calcium silicate cements. CONCLUSIONS: The model successfully achieved its intended objectives, so that it may be used in the future in various dental trauma treatment simulations for undergraduate and postgraduate education on the endodontic management of trauma-related therapies in immature teeth. Its common manufacturing process, affordability and re-usability support accessibility and sustainability. Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.14235 SN - 1365-2591 VL - 2025 PB - Wiley ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ortner, Martina ED - Schöpf, Nicolas T1 - Didaktik und Lehre im berufsbegleitenden Studiengang Soziale Arbeit – ein Erfahrungsbericht T2 - Akademische Weiterbildung für Soziale Berufe: Theoretische, empirische und praktische Aspekte N2 - Der Erfahrungsbericht ist zugleich ein Ideenpool für experimentierfreudige Lehrende. Nach einer kurzen Beschreibung des Settings im berufsbegleitenden Studiengang werden ausgewählte Grundlagen der Didaktik skizziert und vor diesem Hintergrund drei Beispiele aus unterschiedlichen Semestern vorgestellt. Daran wird gezeigt, wie Lehre und Didaktik im Studiengang Soziale Arbeit den Bedürfnissen der berufsbegleitend Studierenden dialogorientiert angepasst und weiterentwickelt werden. Die Erkenntnisse werden abschließend in drei Kernaussagen gebündelt. Y1 - 2022 SN - 9783763966479 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3278/9783763966479 SP - 161 EP - 191 PB - wbv CY - Bielefeld ET - 1. Aufl. ER - TY - GEN A1 - Brandt, Hanna A1 - Steinhilber, Bernd A1 - Dendorfer, Sebastian A1 - Pfingsten, Andrea T1 - Exoskelettale Unterstützung in der Pflege - eine Untersuchung der Muskelaktivität, des Hüftflexionswinkels und des subjektiven Belastungsempfinden bei einem simulierten Transfer. T2 - Physioscience N2 - Die dargestellten Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass das in der Studie verwendete passive rückenunterstützende Exoskelett die (wahrgenommene) körperliche Belastung beim dynamischen Transfer eines 45 kg schweren Dummys potenziell reduzieren kann und sich der maximale Hüftgelenksflexionswinkel mit Exo verkleinert. Dieses Ergebnis deckt sich mit bereits publizierten Studienergebnissen von Arbeitsaufgaben im Bereich des Hebens und Tragens von Gegenständen aus der Logistik Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1808226 VL - 21 IS - S 01 SP - S61 EP - S62 PB - Thieme ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Markov-Glazer, Alon A1 - Elbe, Anne-Marie A1 - Schliermann, Rainer T1 - The use of psychological skills in deaflympic sport JF - European Journal of Adapted Physical Activity N2 - This study explores the use of psychological skills among Deaflympic athletes and aims to provide initial insights into sport psychology practices in this overlooked population. To this end, the frequency of psychological skills’ usage, usage patterns, and differences between subgroups were examined within this population. The Test of Performance Strategies (TOPS) was administered to 84 German Deaflympic athletes (mean age = 28; 27% female) along with biographical questions (e.g., hearing status). The findings indicate that Deaflympic athletes regularly utilize psychological skills in training and competition, displaying similar usage to that of Olympic athletes. However, only a minority of Deaflympic athletes train their skills with professional consultants. Additionally, relaxation techniques were employed rarely in comparison to the other investigated skills. This study’s findings contribute to the foundation of sport psychology research with Deaflympic athletes and underscore the need for a differentiated approach in tailoring interventions for this population. KW - Deaf culture KW - Deaflympian KW - psychological skills training KW - TOPS Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5507/euj.2024.012 VL - 17 IS - 15 PB - European Federation of Adapted Physical Activity CY - Olomouc ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Heese, Carl A1 - Preger, Rudolf ED - Preger, Rudolf T1 - Die Konvergenz von neurologischer Rehabilitation und Pädagogik T2 - Alltag wieder lernen : Berichte vom 7. Symposium der Neurochirurgischen und Neurologischen Fachklinik Kipfenberg. - (Eichstätter sozialpädagogische Arbeiten ; 9) KW - *pubEx Y1 - 2002 SN - 978-3927728462 SP - 65 EP - 71 PB - BPB-Verl. diritto-Publikationen CY - Eichstätt ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Scheffler, Gabriele ED - Fthenakis, Wassilios E. ED - Textor, Martin R. T1 - Finanzielle Unterstützung für Alleinerziehende T2 - Knaurs Handbuch Familie : Alles was Eltern wissen müssen KW - *pubEx Y1 - 2004 SN - 978-3-426-66940-2 SP - 482 EP - 485 PB - Droemer Knaur CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weber, Karsten ED - Neumaier, O. ED - Sedmak, Clemens ED - Zichy, M. T1 - Die andere Seite der Verteilungsgerechtigkeit T2 - Philosophische Perspektiven. Beiträge zum VII. Österreichischen Kongress für Philosophie Y1 - 2005 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263818730_Die_andere_Seite_der_Verteilungsgerechtigkeit PB - Ontos CY - Lancaster ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schliermann, Rainer A1 - Klein, Petra A1 - Schulze, Annette T1 - Deaflympischer Sport – die unbekannte Sportbewegung JF - Leistungssport : Zeitschrift für die Fortbildung von Trainern, Übungsleitern und Sportlehrern N2 - Der deaflympische Sport (Syn.: Gehörlosensport) ist sowohl in der medialen als auch in der sportaktiven Öffentlichkeit weithin unbekannt. Der paralympische Behindertensport wird zunehmend stärker beachtet, der deaflympische hingegen insgesamt wenig. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird deshalb ein Überblick gegeben. Es wird zunächst dessen geschichtliche Entwicklung näher beschrieben und verdeutlicht, dass der institutionalisierte Sport von Athleten mit Hörbeeinträchtigungen die längste Tradition im Behindertensport aufweist. Außerdem erfolgt eine Beschreibung der institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen dieser Sportbewegung. Dabei ist hervorzuheben, dass für die Belange des Leistungssports von Menschen mit Hörbeeinträchtigungen der Deutsche GehörlosenSportverband (DGS) und nicht der Deutsche Behindertensportverband (DBS) zuständig ist, da es sich beim deaflympischen Sport um eine historisch gewachsene, eigenständige Sportbewegung handelt. Die weiteren Ausführungen betreffen Aspekte zum Training und Wettkampf von Athleten mit Hörschädigungen. Um an Wettkämpfen im Gehörlosensport teilnehmen zu dürfen, muss ein Mindestmaß an Hörminderung vorliegen. Die Teilnahme an hochrangigen (internationalen) Wettkämpfen (z. B. Deaflympics) erfordert dann – wie im Spitzensport generell – ein systematisches und regelmäßiges Training. In Bezug auf Athleten mit Hörminderungen bedeutet dies insbesondere eine bestimmte Art der Kommunikation, des Vermittelns bzw. Erlernens (neuer) Bewegungen sowie die Beachtung etwaiger Einschränkungen der Gleichgewichtsfähigkeit. Auf diese Aspekte wird in diesem Übersichtsbeitrag ausführlich eingegangen. Es wird unter anderem verdeutlicht, dass „gehörlose“ Sportler häufig durchaus noch über ein Resthörvermögen verfügen. Außerdem erfordert das Training eine bestimmte Art der Kommunikation zwischen Trainer und Athlet, um effektiv im Sinne einer Leistungsentwicklung sein zu können. Schließlich gehen mit Höreinschränkungen häufig auch Defizite der Gleichgewichtsfähigkeit einher, die jedoch nicht a priori vorhanden sind und sich durch Training verbessern lassen. Im Resümee wird nochmals herausgestellt, weshalb Grundkenntnisse über den deaflympischen Sport nicht nur zur Leistungsentwicklung hörgeschädigter Spitzenathleten beitragen, sondern auch Trainern und Vereinen des Regelsportsystems des Deutschen Olympischen Sportbundes (DOSB) nützlich sein können. Y1 - 2016 UR - https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/iks/open_archive/ls/lsp16_04_39_44.pdf? SN - 0341-7387 VL - 46 IS - 4 SP - 39 EP - 44 PB - Philippka-Verlag CY - Münster ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schliermann, Rainer A1 - Schulze, Annette A1 - Saad, Amr Mohamed Roushdy T1 - Inklusion im Leistungssport: Deaflympischer Sport in der Wahrnehmung von Funktionsträgern des Regelsport-Systems JF - Leipziger Sportwissenschaftliche Beiträge N2 - Inklusion von Spitzenathleten mit Hörbeeinträchtigungen im Leistungssport kann nur gelingen, wenn zentrale Funktionsträger des Regelsportsystems diesbezüglich eine positive Einstellung aufweisen. Auch ist ein ausreichender Kenntnisstand zum sogenannten deaflympischen Behindertensport (Syn.: Gehörlosensport) inklusive der speziellen Bedürfnisse und Besonderheiten von Spitzenathleten mit Höreinschränkungen unabdingbar. Die vorliegende explorative Studie analysiert den Wissensstand von Funktionsträgern des Deutschen Olympischen Sportbundes (DOSB) hinsichtlich dieser Aspekte. Im Ergebnis ist eine insgesamt lückenhafte Wissensgrundlage sowie positive Einstellung zur Inklusion zu konstatieren. N2 - The inclusion of peak performance athletes with hearing disabilities in competitive sports needs official of mainstream sports to possess positive attitudes towards people with disabilities. Further, they need to have sufficient knowledge about deaflympic sports (syn.: deaf sports) as well as the special needs and features of these athletes. This exploratory study analyses the knowledge base of officials of German Olympic Sports Association (DOSB) addressing the mentioned aspects. In summary, the official have fragmentary knowledge and positive attitudes about inclusion. (Autor) KW - Behindertenpädagogik KW - Behinderter KW - Behinderung KW - Deutscher Olympischer Sportbund KW - Entwicklungsstand KW - Explorative Studie KW - Fachwissen KW - Funktionär KW - Gehörlosigkeit KW - Heterogenität KW - Hörbehinderung KW - Inklusion KW - Integration KW - Leistungssport KW - Soziale Integration KW - Sport KW - Sportpädagogik KW - Sportsoziologie KW - Sportwissenschaft KW - Wettkampfsport KW - Wissen Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.spowi.uni-leipzig.de/forschung/leipziger-sportwissenschaftliche-beitraege VL - 59 IS - 1 SP - 241 EP - 253 PB - Verlag Lehmanns Media ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beyer, Thomas A1 - Weigert, Markus A1 - Quick, Harald H. A1 - Pietrzyk, Uwe A1 - Vogt, Florian A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Antoch, Gerald A1 - Müller, Stefan P. A1 - Bockisch, Andreas T1 - MR-based attenuation correction for torso-PET/MR imaging BT - pitfalls in mapping MR to CT data JF - European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging N2 - Purpose MR-based attenuation correction (AC) will become an integral part of combined PET/MR systems. Here, we propose a toolbox to validate MR-AC of clinical PET/MRI data sets. Methods Torso scans of ten patients were acquired on a combined PET/CT and on a 1.5-T MRI system. MR-based attenuation data were derived from the CT following MR–CT image co-registration and subsequent histogram matching. PET images were reconstructed after CT- (PET/CT) and MR-based AC (PET/MRI). Lesion-to-background (L/B) ratios were estimated on PET/CT and PET/MRI. Results MR–CT histogram matching leads to a mean voxel intensity difference in the CT- and MR-based attenuation images of 12% (max). Mean differences between PET/MRI and PET/CT were 19% (max). L/B ratios were similar except for the lung where local misregistration and intensity transformation leads to a biased PET/MRI. Conclusion Our toolbox can be used to study pitfalls in MR-AC. We found that co-registration accuracy and pixel value transformation determine the accuracy of PET/MRI. KW - PET/MRI KW - PET/CT KW - Attenuation correction KW - Kernspintomografie KW - Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie KW - Schwächung Y1 - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-008-0734-0 VL - 35 IS - 6 SP - 1142 EP - 1146 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hartmann, Robin A1 - Nieberle, Felix A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Brébant, Vanessa A1 - Prantl, Lukas A1 - Kuehle, Reinald A1 - Reichert, Torsten E. A1 - Taxis, Juergen A1 - Ettl, Tobias T1 - Utility of Smartphone-based Three-dimensional Surface Imaging for Digital Facial Anthropometry JF - JPRAS Open N2 - Background The utilization of three-dimensional (3D) surface imaging for facial anthropometry is a significant asset for patients undergoing maxillofacial surgery. Notably, there have been recent advancements in smartphone technology that enable 3D surface imaging. In this study, anthropometric assessments of the face were performed using a smartphone and a sophisticated 3D surface imaging system. Methods 30 healthy volunteers (15 females and 15 males) were included in the study. An iPhone 14 Pro (Apple Inc., USA) using the application 3D Scanner App (Laan Consulting Corp., USA) and the Vectra M5 (Canfield Scientific, USA) were employed to create 3D surface models. For each participant, 19 anthropometric measurements were conducted on the 3D surface models. Subsequently, the anthropometric measurements generated by the two approaches were compared. The statistical techniques employed included the paired t-test, paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Bland–Altman analysis, and calculation of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results All measurements showed excellent agreement between smartphone-based and Vectra M5-based measurements (ICC between 0.85 and 0.97). Statistical analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in the central tendencies for 17 of the 19 linear measurements. Despite the excellent agreement found, Bland–Altman analysis revealed that the 95% limits of agreement between the two methods exceeded ±3 mm for the majority of measurements. Conclusion Digital facial anthropometry using smartphones can serve as a valuable supplementary tool for surgeons, enhancing their communication with patients. However, the proposed data suggest that digital facial anthropometry using smartphones may not yet be suitable for certain diagnostic purposes that require high accuracy. KW - Three-dimensional surface imaging KW - Stereophotogrammetry KW - Smartphone-based surface imaging KW - Digital anthropometry KW - Facial anthropometry Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-70348 VL - 39 SP - 330 EP - 343 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ebigbo, Alanna A1 - Mendel, Robert A1 - Scheppach, Markus W. A1 - Probst, Andreas A1 - Shahidi, Neal A1 - Prinz, Friederike A1 - Fleischmann, Carola A1 - Römmele, Christoph A1 - Gölder, Stefan Karl A1 - Braun, Georg A1 - Rauber, David A1 - Rückert, Tobias A1 - Souza Jr., Luis Antonio de A1 - Papa, João Paulo A1 - Byrne, Michael F. A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Messmann, Helmut T1 - Vessel and tissue recognition during third-space endoscopy using a deep learning algorithm JF - Gut N2 - In this study, we aimed to develop an artificial intelligence clinical decision support solution to mitigate operator-dependent limitations during complex endoscopic procedures such as endoscopic submucosal dissection and peroral endoscopic myotomy, for example, bleeding and perforation. A DeepLabv3-based model was trained to delineate vessels, tissue structures and instruments on endoscopic still images from such procedures. The mean cross-validated Intersection over Union and Dice Score were 63% and 76%, respectively. Applied to standardised video clips from third-space endoscopic procedures, the algorithm showed a mean vessel detection rate of 85% with a false-positive rate of 0.75/min. These performance statistics suggest a potential clinical benefit for procedure safety, time and also training. KW - Artificial Intelligence KW - Endoscopy KW - Medical Image Computing Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-54293 VL - 71 IS - 12 SP - 2388 EP - 2390 PB - BMJ CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knödler, Leonard A1 - Baecher, Helena A1 - Kauke-Navarro, Martin A1 - Prantl, Lukas A1 - Machens, Hans-Günther A1 - Scheuermann, Philipp A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Baumann, Raphael A1 - Kehrer, Andreas A1 - Panayi, Adriana C. A1 - Knoedler, Samuel T1 - Towards a Reliable and Rapid Automated Grading System in Facial Palsy Patients: Facial Palsy Surgery Meets Computer Science JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine N2 - Background: Reliable, time- and cost-effective, and clinician-friendly diagnostic tools are cornerstones in facial palsy (FP) patient management. Different automated FP grading systems have been developed but revealed persisting downsides such as insufficient accuracy and cost-intensive hardware. We aimed to overcome these barriers and programmed an automated grading system for FP patients utilizing the House and Brackmann scale (HBS). Methods: Image datasets of 86 patients seen at the Department of Plastic, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery at the University Hospital Regensburg, Germany, between June 2017 and May 2021, were used to train the neural network and evaluate its accuracy. Nine facial poses per patient were analyzed by the algorithm. Results: The algorithm showed an accuracy of 100%. Oversampling did not result in altered outcomes, while the direct form displayed superior accuracy levels when compared to the modular classification form (n = 86; 100% vs. 99%). The Early Fusion technique was linked to improved accuracy outcomes in comparison to the Late Fusion and sequential method (n = 86; 100% vs. 96% vs. 97%). Conclusions: Our automated FP grading system combines high-level accuracy with cost- and time-effectiveness. Our algorithm may accelerate the grading process in FP patients and facilitate the FP surgeon’s workflow. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11174998 VL - 11 IS - 17 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Souza Jr., Luis Antonio de A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Mendel, Robert A1 - Hook, Christian A1 - Ebigbo, Alanna A1 - Probst, Andreas A1 - Messmann, Helmut A1 - Weber, Silke A. T. A1 - Papa, João Paulo T1 - A survey on Barrett's esophagus analysis using machine learning JF - Computers in Biology and Medicine N2 - This work presents a systematic review concerning recent studies and technologies of machine learning for Barrett's esophagus (BE) diagnosis and treatment. The use of artificial intelligence is a brand new and promising way to evaluate such disease. We compile some works published at some well-established databases, such as Science Direct, IEEEXplore, PubMed, Plos One, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Springer, and Hindawi Publishing Corporation. Each selected work has been analyzed to present its objective, methodology, and results. The BE progression to dysplasia or adenocarcinoma shows a complex pattern to be detected during endoscopic surveillance. Therefore, it is valuable to assist its diagnosis and automatic identification using computer analysis. The evaluation of the BE dysplasia can be performed through manual or automated segmentation through machine learning techniques. Finally, in this survey, we reviewed recent studies focused on the automatic detection of the neoplastic region for classification purposes using machine learning methods. KW - Speiseröhrenkrankheit KW - Diagnose KW - Mustererkennung KW - Maschinelles Lernen KW - Literaturbericht KW - Barrett's esophagus KW - Machine learning KW - Adenocarcinoma KW - Image processing KW - Pattern recognition KW - Computer-aided diagnosis Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.03.014 VL - 96 SP - 203 EP - 213 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ott, Tankred A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Vogt, Robert A1 - Oberprieler, Christoph T1 - GinJinn: An object-detection pipeline for automated feature extraction from herbarium specimens JF - Applications in Plant Sciences N2 - PREMISE: The generation of morphological data in evolutionary, taxonomic, and ecological studies of plants using herbarium material has traditionally been a labor-intensive task. Recent progress in machine learning using deep artificial neural networks (deep learning) for image classification and object detection has facilitated the establishment of a pipeline for the automatic recognition and extraction of relevant structures in images of herbarium specimens. METHODS AND RESULTS: We implemented an extendable pipeline based on state-of-the-art deep-learning object-detection methods to collect leaf images from herbarium specimens of two species of the genus Leucanthemum. Using 183 specimens as the training data set, our pipeline extracted one or more intact leaves in 95% of the 61 test images. CONCLUSIONS: We establish GinJinn as a deep-learning object-detection tool for the automatic recognition and extraction of individual leaves or other structures from herbarium specimens. Our pipeline offers greater flexibility and a lower entrance barrier than previous image-processing approaches based on hand-crafted features. KW - Deep Learning KW - herbarium specimens KW - object detection KW - visual recognition KW - Deep Learning KW - Objekterkennung KW - Maschinelles Sehen KW - Pflanzen Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/aps3.11351 SN - 2168-0450 VL - 8 IS - 6 SP - e11351 PB - Wiley, Botanical Society of America ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ebigbo, Alanna A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Probst, Andreas A1 - Mendel, Robert A1 - Manzeneder, Johannes A1 - Prinz, Friederike A1 - Souza Jr., Luis Antonio de A1 - Papa, João Paulo A1 - Siersema, Peter A1 - Messmann, Helmut T1 - A technical review of artificial intelligence as applied to gastrointestinal endoscopy: clarifying the terminology JF - Endoscopy International Open N2 - The growing number of publications on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine underlines the enormous importance and potential of this emerging field of research. In gastrointestinal endoscopy, AI has been applied to all segments of the gastrointestinal tract most importantly in the detection and characterization of colorectal polyps. However, AI research has been published also in the stomach and esophagus for both neoplastic and non-neoplastic disorders. The various technical as well as medical aspects of AI, however, remain confusing especially for non-expert physicians. This physician-engineer co-authored review explains the basic technical aspects of AI and provides a comprehensive overview of recent publications on AI in gastrointestinal endoscopy. Finally, a basic insight is offered into understanding publications on AI in gastrointestinal endoscopy. KW - Diagnose KW - Maschinelles Lernen KW - Gastroenterologie KW - Künstliche Intelligenz KW - Barrett's esophagus KW - Deep learning Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1010-5705 VL - 07 IS - 12 SP - 1616 EP - 1623 PB - Georg Thieme Verlag CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wöhl, Rebecca A1 - Huber, Michaela A1 - Loibl, Markus A1 - Riebschläger, Birgit A1 - Nerlich, Michael A1 - Palm, Christoph T1 - The Impact of Semi-Automated Segmentation and 3D Analysis on Testing New Osteosynthesis Material T2 - Bildverarbeitung für die Medizin 2017; Algorithmen - Systeme - Anwendungen; Proceedings des Workshops vom 12. bis 14. März 2017 in Heidelberg N2 - A new protocol for testing osteosynthesis material postoperatively combining semi-automated segmentation and 3D analysis of surface meshes is proposed. By various steps of transformation and measuring, objective data can be collected. In this study the specifications of a locking plate used for mediocarpal arthrodesis of the wrist were examined. The results show, that union of the lunate, triquetrum, hamate and capitate was achieved and that the plate is comparable to coexisting arthrodesis systems. Additionally, it was shown, that the complications detected correlate to the clinical outcome. In synopsis, this protocol is considered beneficial and should be taken into account in further studies. KW - Osteosynthese KW - Implantatwerkstoff KW - Materialprüfung KW - Bildsegmentierung KW - Dreidimensionale Bildverarbeitung Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54345-0_30 SP - 122 EP - 127 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meinikheim, Michael A1 - Mendel, Robert A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Probst, Andreas A1 - Muzalyova, Anna A1 - Scheppach, Markus W. A1 - Nagl, Sandra A1 - Schnoy, Elisabeth A1 - Römmele, Christoph A1 - Schulz, Dominik Andreas Helmut Otto A1 - Schlottmann, Jakob A1 - Prinz, Friederike A1 - Rauber, David A1 - Rückert, Tobias A1 - Matsumura, Tomoaki A1 - Fernández-Esparrach, Glòria A1 - Parsa, Nasim A1 - Byrne, Michael F. A1 - Messmann, Helmut A1 - Ebigbo, Alanna T1 - Influence of artificial intelligence on the diagnostic performance of endoscopists in the assessment of Barrett’s esophagus: a tandem randomized and video trial JF - Endoscopy N2 - Background This study evaluated the effect of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based clinical decision support system on the performance and diagnostic confidence of endoscopists in their assessment of Barrett’s esophagus (BE). Methods 96 standardized endoscopy videos were assessed by 22 endoscopists with varying degrees of BE experience from 12 centers. Assessment was randomized into two video sets: group A (review first without AI and second with AI) and group B (review first with AI and second without AI). Endoscopists were required to evaluate each video for the presence of Barrett’s esophagus-related neoplasia (BERN) and then decide on a spot for a targeted biopsy. After the second assessment, they were allowed to change their clinical decision and confidence level. Results AI had a stand-alone sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 92.2%, 68.9%, and 81.3%, respectively. Without AI, BE experts had an overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 83.3%, 58.1%, and 71.5%, respectively. With AI, BE nonexperts showed a significant improvement in sensitivity and specificity when videos were assessed a second time with AI (sensitivity 69.8% [95%CI 65.2%–74.2%] to 78.0% [95%CI 74.0%–82.0%]; specificity 67.3% [95%CI 62.5%–72.2%] to 72.7% [95%CI 68.2%–77.3%]). In addition, the diagnostic confidence of BE nonexperts improved significantly with AI. Conclusion BE nonexperts benefitted significantly from additional AI. BE experts and nonexperts remained significantly below the stand-alone performance of AI, suggesting that there may be other factors influencing endoscopists’ decisions to follow or discard AI advice. KW - Artificial Intelligence KW - Endoscopy KW - Medical Image Computing Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-72818 VL - 56 SP - 641 EP - 649 PB - Georg Thieme Verlag CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ebigbo, Alanna A1 - Rauber, David A1 - Ayoub, Mousa A1 - Birzle, Lisa A1 - Matsumura, Tomoaki A1 - Probst, Andreas A1 - Steinbrück, Ingo A1 - Nagl, Sandra A1 - Römmele, Christoph A1 - Meinikheim, Michael A1 - Scheppach, Markus W. A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Messmann, Helmut T1 - Early Esophageal Cancer and the Generalizability of Artificial Intelligence T2 - Endoscopy N2 - Aims Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems in gastrointestinal endoscopy are narrow because they are trained to solve only one specific task. Unlike Narrow-AI, general AI systems may be able to solve multiple and unrelated tasks. We aimed to understand whether an AI system trained to detect, characterize, and segment early Barrett’s neoplasia (Barrett’s AI) is only capable of detecting this pathology or can also detect and segment other diseases like early squamous cell cancer (SCC). Methods 120 white light (WL) and narrow-band endoscopic images (NBI) from 60 patients (1 WL and 1 NBI image per patient) were extracted from the endoscopic database of the University Hospital Augsburg. Images were annotated by three expert endoscopists with extensive experience in the diagnosis and endoscopic resection of early esophageal neoplasias. An AI system based on DeepLabV3+architecture dedicated to early Barrett’s neoplasia was tested on these images. The AI system was neither trained with SCC images nor had it seen the test images prior to evaluation. The overlap between the three expert annotations („expert-agreement“) was the ground truth for evaluating AI performance. Results Barrett’s AI detected early SCC with a mean intersection over reference (IoR) of 92% when at least 1 pixel of the AI prediction overlapped with the expert-agreement. When the threshold was increased to 5%, 10%, and 20% overlap with the expert-agreement, the IoR was 88%, 85% and 82%, respectively. The mean Intersection Over Union (IoU) – a metric according to segmentation quality between the AI prediction and the expert-agreement – was 0.45. The mean expert IoU as a measure of agreement between the three experts was 0.60. Conclusions In the context of this pilot study, the predictions of SCC by a Barrett’s dedicated AI showed some overlap to the expert-agreement. Therefore, features learned from Barrett’s cancer-related training might be helpful also for SCC prediction. Our results allow different possible explanations. On the one hand, some Barrett’s cancer features generalize toward the related task of assessing early SCC. On the other hand, the Barrett’s AI is less specific to Barrett’s cancer than a general predictor of pathological tissue. However, we expect to enhance the detection quality significantly by extending the training to SCC-specific data. The insight of this study opens the way towards a transfer learning approach for more efficient training of AI to solve tasks in other domains. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1783775 VL - 56 IS - S 02 SP - S428 PB - Thieme CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - GEN A1 - Scheppach, Markus W. A1 - Mendel, Robert A1 - Rauber, David A1 - Probst, Andreas A1 - Nagl, Sandra A1 - Römmele, Christoph A1 - Meinikheim, Michael A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Messmann, Helmut A1 - Ebigbo, Alanna T1 - Artificial Intelligence (AI) improves endoscopists’ vessel detection during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) T2 - Endoscopy N2 - Aims While AI has been successfully implemented in detecting and characterizing colonic polyps, its role in therapeutic endoscopy remains to be elucidated. Especially third space endoscopy procedures like ESD and peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) pose a technical challenge and the risk of operator-dependent complications like intraprocedural bleeding and perforation. Therefore, we aimed at developing an AI-algorithm for intraprocedural real time vessel detection during ESD and POEM. Methods A training dataset consisting of 5470 annotated still images from 59 full-length videos (47 ESD, 12 POEM) and 179681 unlabeled images was used to train a DeepLabV3+neural network with the ECMT semi-supervised learning method. Evaluation for vessel detection rate (VDR) and time (VDT) of 19 endoscopists with and without AI-support was performed using a testing dataset of 101 standardized video clips with 200 predefined blood vessels. Endoscopists were stratified into trainees and experts in third space endoscopy. Results The AI algorithm had a mean VDR of 93.5% and a median VDT of 0.32 seconds. AI support was associated with a statistically significant increase in VDR from 54.9% to 73.0% and from 59.0% to 74.1% for trainees and experts, respectively. VDT significantly decreased from 7.21 sec to 5.09 sec for trainees and from 6.10 sec to 5.38 sec for experts in the AI-support group. False positive (FP) readings occurred in 4.5% of frames. FP structures were detected significantly shorter than true positives (0.71 sec vs. 5.99 sec). Conclusions AI improved VDR and VDT of trainees and experts in third space endoscopy and may reduce performance variability during training. Further research is needed to evaluate the clinical impact of this new technology. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1782891 VL - 56 IS - S 02 SP - S93 PB - Thieme CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zellmer, Stephan A1 - Rauber, David A1 - Probst, Andreas A1 - Weber, Tobias A1 - Braun, Georg A1 - Römmele, Christoph A1 - Nagl, Sandra A1 - Schnoy, Elisabeth A1 - Messmann, Helmut A1 - Ebigbo, Alanna A1 - Palm, Christoph T1 - Artificial intelligence as a tool in the detection of the papillary ostium during ERCP T2 - Endoscopy N2 - Aims Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) is the gold standard in the diagnosis as well as treatment of diseases of the pancreatobiliary tract. However, it is technically complex and has a relatively high complication rate. In particular, cannulation of the papillary ostium remains challenging. The aim of this study is to examine whether a deep-learning algorithm can be used to detect the major duodenal papilla and in particular the papillary ostium reliably and could therefore be a valuable tool for inexperienced endoscopists, particularly in training situation. Methods We analyzed a total of 654 retrospectively collected images of 85 patients. Both the major duodenal papilla and the ostium were then segmented. Afterwards, a neural network was trained using a deep-learning algorithm. A 5-fold cross-validation was performed. Subsequently, we ran the algorithm on 5 prospectively collected videos of ERCPs. Results 5-fold cross-validation on the 654 labeled data resulted in an F1 value of 0.8007, a sensitivity of 0.8409 and a specificity of 0.9757 for the class papilla, and an F1 value of 0.5724, a sensitivity of 0.5456 and a specificity of 0.9966 for the class ostium. Regardless of the class, the average F1 value (class papilla and class ostium) was 0.6866, the sensitivity 0.6933 and the specificity 0.9861. In 100% of cases the AI-detected localization of the papillary ostium in the prospectively collected videos corresponded to the localization of the cannulation performed by the endoscopist. Conclusions In the present study, the neural network was able to identify the major duodenal papilla with a high sensitivity and high specificity. In detecting the papillary ostium, the sensitivity was notably lower. However, when used on videos, the AI was able to identify the location of the subsequent cannulation with 100% accuracy. In the future, the neural network will be trained with more data. Thus, a suitable tool for ERCP could be established, especially in the training situation. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1783138 VL - 56 IS - S 02 SP - S198 PB - Thieme CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - GEN A1 - Scheppach, Markus W. A1 - Nunes, Danilo Weber A1 - Arizi, X. A1 - Rauber, David A1 - Probst, Andreas A1 - Nagl, Sandra A1 - Römmele, Christoph A1 - Meinikheim, Michael A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Messmann, Helmut A1 - Ebigbo, Alanna T1 - Procedural phase recognition in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) using artificial intelligence (AI) T2 - Endoscopy N2 - Aims Recent evidence suggests the possibility of intraprocedural phase recognition in surgical operations as well as endoscopic interventions such as peroral endoscopic myotomy and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) by AI-algorithms. The intricate measurement of intraprocedural phase distribution may deepen the understanding of the procedure. Furthermore, real-time quality assessment as well as automation of reporting may become possible. Therefore, we aimed to develop an AI-algorithm for intraprocedural phase recognition during ESD. Methods A training dataset of 364385 single images from 9 full-length ESD videos was compiled. Each frame was classified into one procedural phase. Phases included scope manipulation, marking, injection, application of electrical current and bleeding. Allocation of each frame was only possible to one category. This training dataset was used to train a Video Swin transformer to recognize the phases. Temporal information was included via logarithmic frame sampling. Validation was performed using two separate ESD videos with 29801 single frames. Results The validation yielded sensitivities of 97.81%, 97.83%, 95.53%, 85.01% and 87.55% for scope manipulation, marking, injection, electric application and bleeding, respectively. Specificities of 77.78%, 90.91%, 95.91%, 93.65% and 84.76% were measured for the same parameters. Conclusions The developed algorithm was able to classify full-length ESD videos on a frame-by-frame basis into the predefined classes with high sensitivities and specificities. Future research will aim at the development of quality metrics based on single-operator phase distribution. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1783804 VL - 56 IS - S 02 SP - S439 PB - Thieme CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - GEN A1 - Scheppach, Markus W. A1 - Rauber, David A1 - Stallhofer, Johannes A1 - Muzalyova, Anna A1 - Otten, Vera A1 - Manzeneder, Carolin A1 - Schwamberger, Tanja A1 - Wanzl, Julia A1 - Schlottmann, Jakob A1 - Tadic, Vidan A1 - Probst, Andreas A1 - Schnoy, Elisabeth A1 - Römmele, Christoph A1 - Fleischmann, Carola A1 - Meinikheim, Michael A1 - Miller, Silvia A1 - Märkl, Bruno A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Messmann, Helmut A1 - Ebigbo, Alanna T1 - Performance comparison of a deep learning algorithm with endoscopists in the detection of duodenal villous atrophy (VA) T2 - Endoscopy N2 - Aims  VA is an endoscopic finding of celiac disease (CD), which can easily be missed if pretest probability is low. In this study, we aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm for the detection of villous atrophy on endoscopic images. Methods 858 images from 182 patients with VA and 846 images from 323 patients with normal duodenal mucosa were used for training and internal validation of an AI algorithm (ResNet18). A separate dataset was used for external validation, as well as determination of detection performance of experts, trainees and trainees with AI support. According to the AI consultation distribution, images were stratified into “easy” and “difficult”. Results Internal validation showed 82%, 85% and 84% for sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. External validation showed 90%, 76% and 84%. The algorithm was significantly more sensitive and accurate than trainees, trainees with AI support and experts in endoscopy. AI support in trainees was associated with significantly improved performance. While all endoscopists showed significantly lower detection for “difficult” images, AI performance remained stable. Conclusions The algorithm outperformed trainees and experts in sensitivity and accuracy for VA detection. The significant improvement with AI support suggests a potential clinical benefit. Stable performance of the algorithm in “easy” and “difficult” test images may indicate an advantage in macroscopically challenging cases. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1765421 VL - 55 IS - S02 PB - Thieme ER - TY - GEN A1 - Scheppach, Markus W. A1 - Weber Nunes, Danilo A1 - Arizi, X. A1 - Rauber, David A1 - Probst, Andreas A1 - Nagl, Sandra A1 - Römmele, Christoph A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Messmann, Helmut A1 - Ebigbo, Alanna T1 - Single frame workflow recognition during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) using artificial intelligence (AI) T2 - Endoscopy N2 - Aims  Precise surgical phase recognition and evaluation may improve our understanding of complex endoscopic procedures. Furthermore, quality control measurements and endoscopy training could benefit from objective descriptions of surgical phase distributions. Therefore, we aimed to develop an artificial intelligence algorithm for frame-by-frame operational phase recognition during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Methods  Full length ESD-videos from 31 patients comprising 6.297.782 single images were collected retrospectively. Videos were annotated on a frame-by-frame basis for the operational macro-phases diagnostics, marking, injection, dissection and bleeding. Further subphases were the application of electrical current, visible injection of fluid into the submucosal space and scope manipulation, leading to 11 phases in total. 4.975.699 frames (21 patients) were used for training of a video swin transformer using uniform frame sampling for temporal information. Hyperparameter tuning was performed with 897.325 further frames (6 patients), while 424.758 frames (4 patients) were used for validation. Results  The overall F1 scores on the test dataset for the macro-phases and all 11 phases were 0.96 and 0.90, respectively. The recall values for diagnostics, marking, injection, dissection and bleeding were 1.00, 1.00, 0.95, 0.96 and 0.93, respectively. Conclusions  The algorithm classified operational phases during ESD with high accuracy. A precise evaluation of phase distribution may allow for the development of objective quality metrics for quality control and training. Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1806324 VL - 57 IS - S 02 SP - S511 PB - Thieme CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weigert, Markus A1 - Pietrzyk, Uwe A1 - Müller, Stefan P. A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Beyer, Thomas T1 - Whole-body PET/CT imaging BT - Combining software- and hardware-based co-registration JF - Zeitschrift für Medizinische Physik N2 - Aim Combined whole-body (WB) PET/CT imaging provides better overall co-registration compared to separate CT and PET. However, in clinical routine local PET-CT mis-registration cannot be avoided. Thus, the reconstructed PET tracer distribution may be biased when using the misaligned CT transmission data for CT-based attenuation correction (CT-AC). We investigate the feasibility of retrospective co-registration techniques to align CT and PET images prior to CT-AC, thus improving potentially the quality of combined PET/CT imaging in clinical routine. Methods First, using a commercial software registration package CT images were aligned to the uncorrected PET data by rigid and non-rigid registration methods. Co-registration accuracy of both alignment approaches was assessed by reviewing the PET tracer uptake patterns (visual, linked cursor display) following attenuation correction based on the original and co-registered CT. Second, we investigated non-rigid registration based on a prototype ITK implementation of the B-spline algorithm on a similar targeted MR-CT registration task, there showing promising results. Results Manual rigid, landmark-based co-registration introduced unacceptable misalignment, in particular in peripheral areas of the whole-body images. Manual, non-rigid landmark-based co-registration prior to CT-AC was successful with minor loco-regional distortions. Nevertheless, neither rigid nor non-rigid automatic co-registration based on the Mutual Information image to image metric succeeded in co-registering the CT and noAC-PET images. In contrast to widely available commercial software registration our implementation of an alternative automated, non-rigid B-spline co-registration technique yielded promising results in this setting with MR-CT data. Conclusion In clinical PET/CT imaging, retrospective registration of CT and uncorrected PET images may improve the quality of the AC-PET images. As of today no validated and clinically viable commercial registration software is in routine use. This has triggered our efforts in pursuing new approaches to a validated, non-rigid co-registration algorithm applicable to whole-body PET/CT imaging of which first results are presented here. This approach appears suitable for applications in retrospective WB-PET/CT alignment. Ziel Kombinierte PET/CT-Bildgebung ermöglicht verbesserte Koregistrierung von PET- und CT-Daten gegenüber separat akquirierten Bildern. Trotzdem entstehen in der klinischen Anwendung lokale Fehlregistrierungen, die zu Fehlern in der rekonstruierten PET- Tracerverteilung führen können, falls die unregistrierten CT-Daten zur Schwächungskorrektur (AC) der Emissionsdaten verwendet werden. Wir untersuchen daher die Anwendung von Bildregistrierungsalgorithmen vor der CT-basierten AC zur Verbesserung der PET-Aufnahmen. Methoden Mittels einer kommerziellen Registrierungssoftware wurden die CT-Daten eines PET/CT- Tomographen durch landmarken- und intensitätsbasierte rigide (starre) und nicht-rigide Registrierungsverfahren räumlich an die unkorrigierten PET-Emissionsdaten angepasst und zur AC verwendet. Zur Bewertung wurden die Tracerverteilungen in den PET-Bildern (vor AC, CT-AC, CT-AC nach Koregistrierung) visuell und mit Hilfe korrelierter Fadenkreuze verglichen. Zusätzlich untersuchten wir die ITK-Implementierung der bekannten B-spline basierten, nicht-rigiden Registrierungsansätze im Hinblick auf ihre Verwendbarkeit für die multimodale PET/CT-Ganzkörperregistrierung. Ergebnisse Mittels landmarkenbasierter, nicht-rigider Registrierung konnte die Tracerverteilung in den PET-Daten lokal verbessert werden. Landmarkenbasierte rigide Registrierung führte zu starker Fehlregistrierung in entfernten Körperregionen. Automatische rigide und nicht-rigide Registrierung unter Verwendung der Mutual-Information-Ähnlichkeitsmetrik versagte auf allen verwendeten Datensätzen. Die automatische Registrierung mit B-spline-Funktionen zeigte vielversprechende Resultate in der Anwendung auf einem ähnlich gelagerten CT–MR-Registrierungsproblem. Fazit Retrospektive, nicht-rigide Registrierung unkorrigierter PET- und CT-Aufnahmen aus kombinierten Aufnahmensystemen vor der AC kann die Qualität von PET-Aufnahmen im klinischen Einsatz verbessern. Trotzdem steht bis heute im klinischen Alltag keine validierte, automatische Registrierungssoftware zur Verfügung. Wir verfolgen dazu Ansätze für validierte, nicht-rigide Bildregistrierung für den klinischen Einsatz und präsentieren erste Ergebnisse. KW - PET/CT KW - combined imaging KW - image co-registration KW - attenuation KW - correction KW - Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie KW - Computertomografie KW - Bildgebendes Verfahren KW - Registrierung KW - Schwächung Y1 - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.zemedi.2007.07.004 VL - 18 IS - 1 SP - 59 EP - 66 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Roser, David A1 - Meinikheim, Michael A1 - Mendel, Robert A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Probst, Andreas A1 - Muzalyova, Anna A1 - Scheppach, Markus W. A1 - Nagl, Sandra A1 - Schnoy, Elisabeth A1 - Römmele, Christoph A1 - Schulz, Dominik Andreas Helmut Otto A1 - Schlottmann, Jakob A1 - Prinz, Friederike A1 - Rauber, David A1 - Rückert, Tobias A1 - Matsumura, Tomoaki A1 - Fernandez-Esparrach, G. A1 - Parsa, Nasim A1 - Byrne, Michael F. A1 - Messmann, Helmut A1 - Ebigbo, Alanna T1 - Human-Computer Interaction: Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the diagnostic confidence of endoscopists assessing videos of Barrett’s esophagus T2 - Endoscopy N2 - Aims Human-computer interactions (HCI) may have a relevant impact on the performance of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Studies show that although endoscopists assessing Barrett’s esophagus (BE) with AI improve their performance significantly, they do not achieve the level of the stand-alone performance of AI. One aspect of HCI is the impact of AI on the degree of certainty and confidence displayed by the endoscopist. Indirectly, diagnostic confidence when using AI may be linked to trust and acceptance of AI. In a BE video study, we aimed to understand the impact of AI on the diagnostic confidence of endoscopists and the possible correlation with diagnostic performance. Methods 22 endoscopists from 12 centers with varying levels of BE experience reviewed ninety-six standardized endoscopy videos. Endoscopists were categorized into experts and non-experts and randomly assigned to assess the videos with and without AI. Participants were randomized in two arms: Arm A assessed videos first without AI and then with AI, while Arm B assessed videos in the opposite order. Evaluators were tasked with identifying BE-related neoplasia and rating their confidence with and without AI on a scale from 0 to 9. Results The utilization of AI in Arm A (without AI first, with AI second) significantly elevated confidence levels for experts and non-experts (7.1 to 8.0 and 6.1 to 6.6, respectively). Only non-experts benefitted from AI with a significant increase in accuracy (68.6% to 75.5%). Interestingly, while the confidence levels of experts without AI were higher than those of non-experts with AI, there was no significant difference in accuracy between these two groups (71.3% vs. 75.5%). In Arm B (with AI first, without AI second), experts and non-experts experienced a significant reduction in confidence (7.6 to 7.1 and 6.4 to 6.2, respectively), while maintaining consistent accuracy levels (71.8% to 71.8% and 67.5% to 67.1%, respectively). Conclusions AI significantly enhanced confidence levels for both expert and non-expert endoscopists. Endoscopists felt significantly more uncertain in their assessments without AI. Furthermore, experts with or without AI consistently displayed higher confidence levels than non-experts with AI, irrespective of comparable outcomes. These findings underscore the possible role of AI in improving diagnostic confidence during endoscopic assessment. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1782859 SN - 1438-8812 VL - 56 IS - S 02 SP - 79 PB - Georg Thieme Verlag ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zellmer, Stephan A1 - Rauber, David A1 - Probst, Andreas A1 - Weber, Tobias A1 - Braun, Georg A1 - Nagl, Sandra A1 - Römmele, Christoph A1 - Schnoy, Elisabeth A1 - Birzle, Lisa A1 - Aehling, Niklas A1 - Schulz, Dominik Andreas Helmut Otto A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Messmann, Helmut A1 - Ebigbo, Alanna T1 - Künstliche Intelligenz als Hilfsmittel zur Detektion der Papilla duodeni major und des papillären Ostiums während der ERCP T2 - Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie N2 - Einleitung  Die Endoskopische Retrograde Cholangiopankreatikographie (ERCP) ist der Goldstandard in der endoskopischen Therapie von Erkrankungen des pankreatobiliären Trakts. Allerdings ist sie technisch anspruchsvoll, schwer zu erlernen und mit einer relativ hohen Komplikationsrate assoziiert. Daher soll in der vorliegenden Machbarkeitsstudie geprüft werden, ob mithilfe eines Deeplearning- Algorithmus die Papille und das Ostium zuverlässig detektiert werden können und dieser für Endoskopiker, insbesondere in der Ausbildungssituation, ein geeignetes Hilfsmittel darstellen könnte. Material und Methodik Insgesamt wurden 1534 ERCP-Bilder von 134 Patienten analysiert, wobei sowohl die Papilla duodeni major als auch das Ostium segmentiert wurden. Anschließend erfolgte das Training eines neuronalen Netzes unter Verwendung eines Deep-Learning-Algorithmus. Für den Test des Algorithmus erfolgte eine fünffache Kreuzvalidierung. Ergebnisse  Auf den 1534 gelabelten Bildern wurden für die Klasse Papille ein F1-Wert von 0,7996, eine Sensitivität von 0,8488 und eine Spezifität von 0,9822 erzielt. Für die Klasse Ostium ergaben sich ein F1-Wert von 0,5198, eine Sensitivität von 0,5945 und eine Spezifität von 0,9974. Klassenübergreifend (Klasse Papille und Klasse Ostium) betrug der F1-Wert 0,6593, die Sensitivität 0,7216 und für die Spezifität 0,9898. Zusammenfassung  In der vorliegenden Machbarkeitsstudie zeigte das neuronale Netz eine hohe Sensitivität und eine sehr hohe Spezifität bei der Identifikation der Papilla duodeni major. Die Detektion des Ostiums erfolgte hingegen mit einer deutlich geringeren Sensitivität. Zukünftig ist eine Erweiterung des Trainingsdatensatzes um Videos und klinische Daten vorgesehen, um die Leistungsfähigkeit des Netzwerks zu verbessern. Hierdurch könnte langfristig ein geeignetes Assistenzsystem für die ERCP, insbesondere in der Ausbildungssituation etabliert werden. Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1806882 VL - 63 IS - 5 SP - e295 PB - Thieme CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dehnhardt, Markus A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Vieten, Andrea A1 - Bauer, Andreas A1 - Pietrzyk, Uwe T1 - Quantifying the A1AR distribution in peritumoral zones around experimental F98 and C6 rat brain tumours JF - Journal of Neuro-Oncology N2 - Quantification of growth in experimental F98 and C6 rat brain tumours was performed on 51 rat brains, 17 of which have been further assessed by 3D tumour reconstruction. Brains were cryosliced and radio-labelled with a ligand of the peripheral type benzodiazepine-receptor (pBR), 3H-Pk11195 [(1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(1-methyl-propylene)-3-isoquinoline-carboxamide)] by receptor autoradiography. Manually segmented and automatically registered tumours have been 3D-reconstructed for volumetric comparison on the basis of 3H-Pk11195-based tumour recognition. Furthermore automatically computed areas of −300 μm inner (marginal) zone as well as 300 μm and 600 μm outer tumour space were quantified. These three different regions were transferred onto other adjacent slices that had been labelled by receptor autoradiography with the A1 Adenosine receptor (A1AR)-ligand 3H-CPFPX (3H-8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-fluorpropyl)-1-propylxanthine) for quantitative assessment of A1AR in the three different tumour zones. Hence, a method is described for quantifying various receptor protein systems in the tumour as well as in the marginal invasive zones around experimentally implanted rat brain tumours and their representation in the tumour microenvironment as well as in 3D space. Furthermore, a tool for automatically reading out radio-labelled rat brain slices from auto radiographic films was developed, reconstructed into a consistent 3D-tumour model and the zones around the tumour were visualized. A1AR expression was found to depend upon the tumour volume in C6 animals, but is independent on the time of tumour development. In F98 animals, a significant increase in A1AR receptor protein was found in the Peritumoural zone as a function of time of tumour development and tumour volume. KW - 3D reconstruction KW - A1 adenosine receptor KW - GBM KW - Kmeans algorithm KW - Brain tumour KW - Receptor autoradiography KW - Hirntumor KW - Dreidimensionale Bildverarbeitung KW - Adenosinrezeptor Y1 - 2007 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-007-9391-6 VL - 85 SP - 49 EP - 63 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mang, Andreas A1 - Schnabel, Julia A. A1 - Crum, William R. A1 - Modat, Marc A1 - Camara-Rey, Oscar A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Caseiras, Gisele Brasil A1 - Jäger, H. Rolf A1 - Ourselin, Sébastien A1 - Buzug, Thorsten M. A1 - Hawkes, David J. T1 - Consistency of parametric registration in serial MRI studies of brain tumor progression JF - International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery N2 - Object The consistency of parametric registration in multi-temporal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies was evaluated. Materials and methods Serial MRI scans of adult patients with a brain tumor (glioma) were aligned by parametric registration. The performance of low-order spatial alignment (6/9/12 degrees of freedom) of different 3D serial MR-weighted images is evaluated. A registration protocol for the alignment of all images to one reference coordinate system at baseline is presented. Registration results were evaluated for both, multimodal intra-timepoint and mono-modal multi-temporal registration. The latter case might present a challenge to automatic intensity-based registration algorithms due to ill-defined correspondences. The performance of our algorithm was assessed by testing the inverse registration consistency. Four different similarity measures were evaluated to assess consistency. Results Careful visual inspection suggests that images are well aligned, but their consistency may be imperfect. Sub-voxel inconsistency within the brain was found for allsimilarity measures used for parametric multi-temporal registration. T1-weighted images were most reliable for establishing spatial correspondence between different timepoints. Conclusions The parametric registration algorithm is feasible for use in this application. The sub-voxel resolution mean displacement error of registration transformations demonstrates that the algorithm converges to an almost identical solution for forward and reverse registration. KW - Inverse registration consistency KW - Parametric serial MR image registration KW - Tumor disease progression KW - Kernspintomografie KW - Registrierung KW - Hirntumor Y1 - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-008-0234-5 VL - 3 IS - 3-4 SP - 201 EP - 211 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Graeme, Penny P. A1 - Crum, William R. A1 - Schnabel, Julia A. A1 - Pietrzyk, Uwe A1 - Hawkes, David J. T1 - Fusion of Rat Brain Histology and MRI using Weighted Multi-Image Mutual Information T2 - Proceedings of the SPIE Medical Imaging 6914: Image Processing 69140M N2 - Fusion of histology and MRI is frequently demanded in biomedical research to study in vitro tissue properties in an in vivo reference space. Distortions and artifacts caused by cutting and staining of histological slices as well as differences in spatial resolution make even the rigid fusion a difficult task. State-of- the-art methods start with a mono-modal restacking yielding a histological pseudo-3D volume. The 3D information of the MRI reference is considered subsequently. However, consistency of the histology volume and consistency due to the corresponding MRI seem to be diametral goals. Therefore, we propose a novel fusion framework optimizing histology/histology and histology/MRI consistency at the same time finding a balance between both goals. Method - Direct slice-to-slice correspondence even in irregularly-spaced cutting sequences is achieved by registration-based interpolation of the MRI. Introducing a weighted multi-image mutual information metric (WI), adjacent histology and corresponding MRI are taken into account at the same time. Therefore, the reconstruction of the histological volume as well as the fusion with the MRI is done in a single step. Results - Based on two data sets with more than 110 single registrations in all, the results are evaluated quantitatively based on Tanimoto overlap measures and qualitatively showing the fused volumes. In comparison to other multi-image metrics, the reconstruction based on WI is significantly improved. We evaluated different parameter settings with emphasis on the weighting term steering the balance between intra- and inter-modality consistency. KW - Magnetic resonance imaging KW - Image registration KW - Brain KW - 3D image processing KW - Image fusion KW - In vitro testing KW - In vivo imaging KW - Kernspintomografie KW - Histologie KW - Schnittdarstellung KW - Registrierung KW - Datenfusion Y1 - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.770605 IS - 6914 SP - 69140M-1 EP - 69140M-9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Deserno, Thomas M. A1 - Handels, Heinz A1 - Maier-Hein, Klaus H. A1 - Mersmann, Sven A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Tolxdorff, Thomas A1 - Wagenknecht, Gudrun A1 - Wittenberg, Thomas T1 - Viewpoints on Medical Image Processing BT - From Science to Application JF - Current Medical Imaging Reviews N2 - Medical image processing provides core innovation for medical imaging. This paper is focused on recent developments from science to applications analyzing the past fifteen years of history of the proceedings of the German annual meeting on medical image processing (BVM). Furthermore, some members of the program committee present their personal points of views: (i) multi-modality for imaging and diagnosis, (ii) analysis of diffusion-weighted imaging, (iii) model-based image analysis, (iv) registration of section images, (v) from images to information in digital endoscopy, and (vi) virtual reality and robotics. Medical imaging and medical image computing is seen as field of rapid development with clear trends to integrated applications in diagnostics, treatment planning and treatment. KW - Medical imaging KW - Image processing KW - Image analysis KW - Vizualization KW - Multi-modal imaging KW - Diffusion-weighted imaging KW - Model-based imaging KW - Digital endoscopy KW - Bildgebendes Verfahren KW - Bildverarbeitung KW - Medizin Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2174/1573405611309020002 VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 79 EP - 88 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Eiben, Björn A1 - Kunz, Dietmar A1 - Pietrzyk, Uwe A1 - Palm, Christoph T1 - Level-Set-Segmentierung von Rattenhirn MRTs T2 - Bildverarbeitung für die Medizin 2009; Algorithmen - Systeme - Anwendungen ; Proceedings des Workshops vom 22. bis 25. März 2009 in Heidelberg N2 - In dieser Arbeit wird die Segmentierung von Gehirngewebe aus Kopfaufnahmen von Ratten mittels Level-Set-Methoden vorgeschlagen. Dazu wird ein zweidimensionaler, kontrastbasierter Ansatz zu einem dreidimensionalen, lokal an die Bildintensität adaptierten Segmentierer erweitert. Es wird gezeigt, dass mit diesem echten 3D-Ansatz die lokalen Bildstrukturen besser berücksichtigt werden können. Insbesondere Magnet-Resonanz-Tomographien (MRTs) mit globalen Helligkeitsgradienten, beispielsweise bedingt durch Oberflächenspulen, können auf diese Weise zuverlässiger und ohne weitere Vorverarbeitungsschritte segmentiert werden. Die Leistungsfähigkeit des Algorithmus wird experimentell an Hand dreier Rattenhirn-MRTs demonstriert. KW - Dreidimensionale Bildverarbeitung KW - Schnittdarstellung KW - Gehirn Y1 - 2009 UR - http://sunsite.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-446/p167.pdf SP - 167 EP - 171 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bauer, Dagmar A1 - Stoffels, Gabriele A1 - Pauleit, Dirk A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Hamacher, Kurt A1 - Coenen, Heinz H. A1 - Langen, Karl T1 - Uptake of F-18-fluoroethyl-L-tyrosine and H-3-L-methionine in focal cortical ischemia T2 - The Journal of Nuclear Medicine N2 - Objectives: C-11-methionine (MET) is particularly useful in brain tumor diagnosis but unspecific uptake e.g. in cerebral ischemia has been reported (1). The F-18-labeled amino acid O-(2-[F-18]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET) shows a similar clinical potential as MET in brain tumor diagnosis but is applicable on a wider clinical scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate the uptake of FET and H-3-MET in focal cortical ischemia in rats by dual tracer autoradiography. Methods: Focal cortical ischemia was induced in 12 Fisher CDF rats using the photothrombosis model (PT). One day (n=3) , two days (n=5) and 7 days (n=4) after induction of the lesion FET and H-3-MET were injected intravenously. One hour after tracer injection animals were killed, the brains were removed immediately and frozen in 2-methylbutane at -50°C. Brains were cut in coronal sections (thickness: 20 µm) and exposed first to H-3 insensitive photoimager plates to measure FET distribution. After decay of F-18 the distribution of H-3-MET was determined. The autoradiograms were evaluated by regions of interest (ROIs) placed on areas with increased tracer uptake in the PT and the contralateral brain. Lesion to brain ratios (L/B) were calculated by dividing the mean uptake in the lesion and the brain. Based on previous studies in gliomas a L/B ratio > 1.6 was considered as pathological for FET. Results: Variable increased uptake of both tracers was observed in the PT and its demarcation zone at all stages after PT. The cut-off level of 1.6 for FET was exceeded in 9/12 animals. One day after PT the L/B ratios were 2.0 ± 0.6 for FET vs. 2.1 ± 1.0 for MET (mean ± SD); two days after lesion 2.2 ± 0.7 for FET vs. 2.7 ± 1.0 for MET and 7 days after lesion 2.4 ± 0.4 for FET vs. 2.4 ± 0.1 for MET. In single cases discrepancies in the uptake pattern of FET and MET were observed. Conclusions: FET like MET may exhibit significant uptake in infarcted areas or the immediate vincinity which has to be considered in the differential diagnosis of unkown brain lesions. The discrepancies in the uptake pattern of FET and MET in some cases indicates either differences in the transport mechanisms of both amino acids or a different affinity for certain cellular components. Y1 - 2006 UR - http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/47/suppl_1/284P.3 VL - 47 IS - Suppl. 1 SP - 284P ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Matusch, Andreas A1 - Depboylu, Candan A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Wu, Bei A1 - Höglinger, Günter U. A1 - Schäfer, Martin K.-H. A1 - Becker, Johanna Sabine T1 - Cerebral bio-imaging of Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinsons disease using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) JF - Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry N2 - Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) has been established as a powerful technique for the determination of metal and nonmetal distributions within biological systems with high sensitivity. An imaging LA-ICP-MS technique for Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn was developed to produce large series of quantitative element maps in native brain sections of mice subchronically intoxicated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin (MPTP) as a model of Parkinson’s disease. Images were calibrated using matrix-matched laboratory standards. A software solution allowing a precise delineation of anatomical structures was implemented. Coronal brain sections were analyzed crossing the striatum and the substantia nigra, respectively. Animals sacrificed 2 h, 7 d, or 28 d after the last MPTP injection and controls were investigated. We observed significant decreases of Cu concentrations in the periventricular zone and the fascia dentata at 2 h and 7d and a recovery or overcompensation at 28 d, most pronounced in the rostral periventricular zone (+40%). In the cortex Cu decreased slightly to −10%. Fe increased in the interpeduncular nucleus (+40%) but not in the substantia nigra. This pattern is in line with a differential regulation of periventricular and parenchymal Cu, and with the histochemical localization of Fe, and congruent to regions of preferential MPTP binding described in the rodent brain. The LA-ICP-MS technique yielded valid and statistically robust results in the present study on 39 slices from 19 animals. Our findings underline the value of routine micro-local analytical techniques in the life sciences and affirm a role of Cu availability in Parkinson’s disease. KW - Inductively Couple Plasma Mass Spectrometry KW - Substantia Nigra KW - MPTP KW - Laser Ablation Inductively Couple Plasma Mass Spectrometry KW - MPTP Treatment KW - ICP-Massenspektrometrie KW - Metalle KW - Gehirnkarte KW - MPTP Y1 - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasms.2009.09.022 VL - 21 IS - 1 SP - 161 EP - 171 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Becker, Johanna Sabine A1 - Matusch, Andreas A1 - Becker, Julia Susanne A1 - Wu, Bei A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Becker, Albert Johann A1 - Salber, Dagmar T1 - Mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) of metals using advanced BrainMet techniques for biomedical research JF - International Journal of Mass Spectrometry N2 - Mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) is a young innovative analytical technique and combines different fields of advanced mass spectrometry and biomedical research with the aim to provide maps of elements and molecules, complexes or fragments. Especially essential metals such as zinc, copper, iron and manganese play a functional role in signaling, metabolism and homeostasis of the cell. Due to the high degree of spatial organization of metals in biological systems their distribution analysis is of key interest in life sciences. We have developed analytical techniques termed BrainMet using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) imaging to measure the distribution of trace metals in biological tissues for biomedical research and feasibility studies—including bioaccumulation and bioavailability studies, ecological risk assessment and toxicity studies in humans and other organisms. The analytical BrainMet techniques provide quantitative images of metal distributions in brain tissue slices which can be combined with other imaging modalities such as photomicrography of native or processed tissue (histochemistry, immunostaining) and autoradiography or with in vivo techniques such as positron emission tomography or magnetic resonance tomography. Prospective and instrumental developments will be discussed concerning the development of the metalloprotein microscopy using a laser microdissection (LMD) apparatus for specific sample introduction into an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LMD-ICP-MS) or an application of the near field effect in LA-ICP-MS (NF-LA-ICP-MS). These nano-scale mass spectrometric techniques provide improved spatial resolution down to the single cell level. KW - Bioimaging KW - Brain tissue KW - Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry KW - Laser microdissection inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry KW - Metals KW - Metallomics KW - Nano-LA-ICP-MS KW - Tumour KW - Massenspektrometrie KW - Bildgebendes Verfahren KW - Metalle KW - Metallproteide KW - Gehirn Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2011.01.015 VL - 307 IS - 1-3 SP - 3 EP - 15 PB - eLSEVIER CY - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Becker, Johanna Sabine A1 - Matusch, Andreas A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Salber, Dagmar A1 - Morton, Kathryn A. A1 - Becker, Julia Susanne T1 - Bioimaging of metals in brain tissue by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and metallomics JF - Metallomics N2 - Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) has been developed and established as an emerging technique in the generation of quantitative images of metal distributions in thin tissue sections of brain samples (such as human, rat and mouse brain), with applications in research related to neurodegenerative disorders. A new analytical protocol is described which includes sample preparation by cryo-cutting of thin tissue sections and matrix-matched laboratory standards, mass spectrometric measurements, data acquisition, and quantitative analysis. Specific examples of the bioimaging of metal distributions in normal rodent brains are provided. Differences to the normal were assessed in a Parkinson’s disease and a stroke brain model. Furthermore, changes during normal aging were studied. Powerful analytical techniques are also required for the determination and characterization of metal-containing proteins within a large pool of proteins, e.g., after denaturing or non-denaturing electrophoretic separation of proteins in one-dimensional and two-dimensional gels. LA-ICP-MS can be employed to detect metalloproteins in protein bands or spots separated after gel electrophoresis. MALDI-MS can then be used to identify specific metal-containing proteins in these bands or spots. The combination of these techniques is described in the second section. KW - ICP-Massenspektrometrie KW - Metalle KW - Metallproteide KW - Elektrophorese KW - Gehirn Y1 - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/b916722f IS - 2 SP - 104 EP - 111 PB - Oxford Academic Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Osterholt, Tobias A1 - Salber, Dagmar A1 - Matusch, Andreas A1 - Becker, Johanna Sabine A1 - Palm, Christoph T1 - IMAGENA: Image Generation and Analysis BT - An Interactive Software Tool handling LA-ICP-MS Data JF - International Journal of Mass Spectrometry N2 - Metals are involved in many processes of life. They are needed for enzymatic reactions, are involved in healthy processes but also yield diseases if the metal homeostasis is disordered. Therefore, the interest to assess the spatial distribution of metals is rising in biomedical science. Imaging metal (and non-metal) isotopes by laser ablation mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (LA-ICP-MS) requires a special software solution to process raw data obtained by scanning a sample line-by-line. As no software ready to use was available we developed an interactive software tool for Image Generation and Analysis (IMAGENA). Unless optimised for LA-ICP-MS, IMAGENA can handle other raw data as well. The general purpose was to reconstruct images from a continuous list of raw data points, to visualise these images, and to convert them into a commonly readable image file format that can be further analysed by standard image analysis software. The generation of the image starts with loading a text file that holds a data column of every measured isotope. Specifying general spatial domain settings like the data offset and the image dimensions is done by the user getting a direct feedback by means of a preview image. IMAGENA provides tools for calibration and to correct for a signal drift in the y-direction. Images are visualised in greyscale as well a pseudo-colours with possibilities for contrast enhancement. Image analysis is performed in terms of smoothed line plots in row and column direction. KW - LA-ICP-MS KW - ICP-Massenspektrometrie KW - Bilderzeugung KW - Graphische Benutzeroberfläche KW - Image generation KW - Image analysis KW - Graphical user interface Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2011.03.010 VL - 307 IS - 1-3 SP - 232 EP - 239 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Pietrzyk, Uwe T1 - Time-Dependent Joint Probability Speed Function for Level-Set Segmentation of Rat-Brain Slices T2 - Proceedings of the SPIE Medical Imaging 6914: Image Processing 69143U N2 - The segmentation of rat brain slices suffers from illumination inhomogeneities and staining effects. State-of-the-art level-set methods model slice and background with intensity mixture densities defining the speed function as difference between the respective probabilites. Nevertheless, the overlap of these distributions causes an inaccurate stopping at the slice border. In this work, we propose the characterisation of the border area with intensity pairs for inside and outside estimating joint intensity probabilities. Method - In contrast to global object and background models, we focus on the object border characterised by a joint mixture density. This specifies the probability of the occurance of an inside and an outside value in direct adjacency. These values are not known beforehand, because inside and outside depend on the level-set evolution and change during time. Therefore, the speed function is computed time-dependently at the position of the current zero level-set. Along this zero level-set curve, the inside and outside values are derived as mean along the curvature normal directing inside and outside the object. Advantage of the joint probability distribution is to resolve the distribution overlaps, because these are assumed to be not located at the same border position. Results - The novel time-dependent joint probability based speed function is compared expermimentally with single probability based speed functions. Two rat brains with about 40 slices are segmented and the results analysed using manual segmentations and the Tanimoto overlap measure. Improved results are recognised for both data sets. KW - Image segmentation KW - Brain KW - Visualization KW - Image processing KW - Medical imaging KW - Neuroimaging KW - Beryllium KW - Kernspintomografie KW - Histologie KW - Schnittdarstellung KW - Bildsegmentierung KW - Gehirn Y1 - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.770673 IS - 6914 SP - 69143U-1 EP - 69143U-8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dammers, Jürgen A1 - Axer, Markus A1 - Gräßel, David A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Zilles, Karl A1 - Amunts, Katrin A1 - Pietrzyk, Uwe T1 - Signal enhancement in polarized light imaging by means of independent component analysis JF - NeuroImage N2 - Polarized light imaging (PLI) enables the evaluation of fiber orientations in histological sections of human postmortem brains, with ultra-high spatial resolution. PLI is based on the birefringent properties of the myelin sheath of nerve fibers. As a result, the polarization state of light propagating through a rotating polarimeter is changed in such a way that the detected signal at each measurement unit of a charged-coupled device (CCD) camera describes a sinusoidal signal. Vectors of the fiber orientation defined by inclination and direction angles can then directly be derived from the optical signals employing PLI analysis. However, noise, light scatter and filter inhomogeneities interfere with the original sinusoidal PLI signals. We here introduce a novel method using independent component analysis (ICA) to decompose the PLI images into statistically independent component maps. After decomposition, gray and white matter structures can clearly be distinguished from noise and other artifacts. The signal enhancement after artifact rejection is quantitatively evaluated in 134 histological whole brain sections. Thus, the primary sinusoidal signals from polarized light imaging can be effectively restored after noise and artifact rejection utilizing ICA. Our method therefore contributes to the analysis of nerve fiber orientation in the human brain within a micrometer scale. KW - Bildgebendes Verfahren KW - Polarisiertes Licht KW - Signalverarbeitung KW - Signaltrennung KW - Komponentenanalyse KW - Gehirn Y1 - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.08.059 VL - 49 IS - 2 SP - 1241 EP - 1248 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Axer, Markus A1 - Gräßel, David A1 - Dammers, Jürgen A1 - Lindemeyer, Johannes A1 - Zilles, Karl A1 - Pietrzyk, Uwe A1 - Amunts, Katrin T1 - Towards ultra-high resolution fibre tract mapping of the human brain BT - registration of polarised light images and reorientation of fibre vectors JF - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience N2 - Polarised light imaging (PLI) utilises the birefringence of the myelin sheaths in order to visualise the orientation of nerve fibres in microtome sections of adult human post-mortem brains at ultra-high spatial resolution. The preparation of post-mortem brains for PLI involves fixation, freezing and cutting into 100-μm-thick sections. Hence, geometrical distortions of histological sections are inevitable and have to be removed for 3D reconstruction and subsequent fibre tracking. We here present a processing pipeline for 3D reconstruction of these sections using PLI derived multimodal images of post-mortem brains. Blockface images of the brains were obtained during cutting; they serve as reference data for alignment and elimination of distortion artefacts. In addition to the spatial image transformation, fibre orientation vectors were reoriented using the transformation fields, which consider both affine and subsequent non-linear registration. The application of this registration and reorientation approach results in a smooth fibre vector field, which reflects brain morphology. PLI combined with 3D reconstruction and fibre tracking is a powerful tool for human brain mapping. It can also serve as an independent method for evaluating in vivo fibre tractography. KW - Bildgebendes Verfahren KW - Dreidimensionale Bildverarbeitung KW - Polarisiertes Licht KW - Gehirnkarte Y1 - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/neuro.09.009.2010 VL - 4 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schubert, Nicole A1 - Pietrzyk, Uwe A1 - Reißel, Martin A1 - Palm, Christoph T1 - Reduktion von Rissartefakten durch nicht-lineare Registrierung in histologischen Schnittbildern T2 - Bildverarbeitung für die Medizin 2009; Algorithmen - Systeme - Anwendungen; Proceedings des Workshops vom 22. bis 25. März 2009 in Heidelberg N2 - In dieser Arbeit wird ein Verfahren vorgestellt, das Rissartefakte, die in histologischen Rattenhirnschnitten vorkommen können, durch nicht-lineare Registrierung reduziert. Um die Optimierung in der Rissregion zu leiten, wird der Curvature Registrierungsansatz um eine Metrik basierend auf der Segmentierung der Bilder erweitert. Dabei erzielten Registrierungen mit der ausschließlichen Segmentierung des Risses bessere Ergebnisse als Registrierungen mit einer Segmentierung des gesamten Hirnschnitts. Insgesamt zeigt sich eine deutliche Verbesserung in der Rissregion, wobei der verbleibende reduzierte Riss auf die Glattheitsbedingungen des Regularisierers zurückzuführen ist. KW - Registrierung KW - Nichtlineare Optimierung KW - Bildsegmentierung KW - Gehirn KW - Schnittdarstellung Y1 - 2009 UR - http://sunsite.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-446/p410.pdf SP - 410 EP - 414 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Becker, Johanna Sabine A1 - Zoriy, Miroslav A1 - Matusch, Andreas A1 - Wu, Bei A1 - Salber, Dagmar A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Becker, Julia Susanne T1 - Bioimaging of Metals by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) JF - Mass Spectrometry Reviews N2 - The distribution analysis of (essential, beneficial, or toxic) metals (e.g., Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb, and others), metalloids, and non‐metals in biological tissues is of key interest in life science. Over the past few years, the development and application of several imaging mass spectrometric techniques has been rapidly growing in biology and medicine. Especially, in brain research metalloproteins are in the focus of targeted therapy approaches of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, or stroke, or tumor growth. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) using double‐focusing sector field (LA‐ICP‐SFMS) or quadrupole‐based mass spectrometers (LA‐ICP‐QMS) has been successfully applied as a powerful imaging (mapping) technique to produce quantitative images of detailed regionally specific element distributions in thin tissue sections of human or rodent brain. Imaging LA‐ICP‐QMS was also applied to investigate metal distributions in plant and animal sections to study, for example, the uptake and transport of nutrient and toxic elements or environmental contamination. The combination of imaging LA‐ICP‐MS of metals with proteomic studies using biomolecular mass spectrometry identifies metal‐containing proteins and also phosphoproteins. Metal‐containing proteins were imaged in a two‐dimensional gel after electrophoretic separation of proteins (SDS or Blue Native PAGE). Recent progress in LA‐ICP‐MS imaging as a stand‐alone technique and in combination with MALDI/ESI‐MS for selected life science applications is summarized. KW - Bildgebendes Verfahren KW - ICP-Massenspektrometrie KW - Metalle KW - Metallproteide KW - Elektrophorese KW - Gehirnkarte KW - Bioimaging of metals KW - Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry KW - metal distribution KW - metallomics KW - neurodegenerative diseases Y1 - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.20239 VL - 29 SP - 156 EP - 175 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ilgner, Justus F. R. A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Schütz, Andreas G. A1 - Spitzer, Klaus A1 - Westhofen, Martin A1 - Lehmann, Thomas M. T1 - Colour Texture Analysis for Quantitative Laryngoscopy JF - Acta Otolaryngologica N2 - Whilst considerable progress has been made in enhancing the quality of indirect laryngoscopy and image processing, the evaluation of clinical findings is still based on the clinician's judgement. The aim of this paper was to examine the feasibility of an objective computer-based method for evaluating laryngeal disease. Digitally recorded images obtained by 90 degree- and 70 degree-angled indirect rod laryngoscopy using standardized white balance values were made of 16 patients and 19 healthy subjects. The digital images were evaluated manually by the clinician based on a standardized questionnaire, and suspect lesions were marked and classified on the image. Following colour separation, normal vocal cord areas as well as suspect lesions were analyzed automatically using co-occurrence matrices, which compare colour differences between neighbouring pixels over a predefined distance. Whilst colour histograms did not provide sufficient information for distinguishing between healthy and diseased tissues, consideration of the blue content of neighbouring pixels enabled a correct classification in 81.4% of cases. If all colour channels (red, green and blue) were regarded simultaneously, the best classification correctness obtained was 77.1%. Although only a very basic classification differentiating between healthy and diseased tissue was attempted, the results showed progress compared to grey-scale histograms, which have been evaluated before. The results document a first step towards an objective, machine-based classification of laryngeal images, which could provide the basis for further development of an expert system for use in indirect laryngoscopy. KW - diagnostic laryngoscopy KW - electronic imaging KW - endoscopy KW - neoplastic larynx disease Y1 - 2003 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/00016480310000412 VL - 123 SP - 730 EP - 734 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Vieten, Andrea A1 - Salber, Dagmar A1 - Pietrzyk, Uwe T1 - Evaluation of Registration Strategies for Multi-modality Images of Rat Brain Slices JF - Physics in Medicine and Biology N2 - In neuroscience, small-animal studies frequently involve dealing with series of images from multiple modalities such as histology and autoradiography. The consistent and bias-free restacking of multi-modality image series is obligatory as a starting point for subsequent non-rigid registration procedures and for quantitative comparisons with positron emission tomography (PET) and other in vivo data. Up to now, consistency between 2D slices without cross validation using an inherent 3D modality is frequently presumed to be close to the true morphology due to the smooth appearance of the contours of anatomical structures. However, in multi-modality stacks consistency is difficult to assess. In this work, consistency is defined in terms of smoothness of neighboring slices within a single modality and between different modalities. Registration bias denotes the distortion of the registered stack in comparison to the true 3D morphology and shape. Based on these metrics, different restacking strategies of multi-modality rat brain slices are experimentally evaluated. Experiments based on MRI-simulated and real dual-tracer autoradiograms reveal a clear bias of the restacked volume despite quantitatively high consistency and qualitatively smooth brain structures. However, different registration strategies yield different inter-consistency metrics. If no genuine 3D modality is available, the use of the so-called SOP (slice-order preferred) or MOSOP (modality-and-slice-order preferred) strategy is recommended. KW - Histologie KW - Bildgebendes Verfahren KW - Schnittdarstellung KW - Multimodales Verfahren Y1 - 2009 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/54/10/021 VL - 54 IS - 10 SP - 3269 EP - 3289 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Axer, Markus A1 - Amunts, Katrin A1 - Gräßel, David A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Dammers, Jürgen A1 - Axer, Hubertus A1 - Pietrzyk, Uwe A1 - Zilles, Karl T1 - Novel Approach to the Human Connectome BT - Ultra-High Resolution Mapping of Fiber Tracts in the Brain JF - NeuroImage N2 - Signal transmission between different brain regions requires connecting fiber tracts, the structural basis of the human connectome. In contrast to animal brains, where a multitude of tract tracing methods can be used, magnetic resonance (MR)-based diffusion imaging is presently the only promising approach to study fiber tracts between specific human brain regions. However, this procedure has various inherent restrictions caused by its relatively low spatial resolution. Here, we introduce 3D-polarized light imaging (3D-PLI) to map the three-dimensional course of fiber tracts in the human brain with a resolution at a submillimeter scale based on a voxel size of 100 μm isotropic or less. 3D-PLI demonstrates nerve fibers by utilizing their intrinsic birefringence of myelin sheaths surrounding axons. This optical method enables the demonstration of 3D fiber orientations in serial microtome sections of entire human brains. Examples for the feasibility of this novel approach are given here. 3D-PLI enables the study of brain regions of intense fiber crossing in unprecedented detail, and provides an independent evaluation of fiber tracts derived from diffusion imaging data. KW - Connectome KW - Human brain KW - Method KW - Polarized light imaging KW - Tractography KW - Systems biology KW - Bildgebendes Verfahren KW - Dreidimensionale Bildverarbeitung KW - Polarisiertes Licht KW - Gehirnkarte Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.08.075 VL - 54 IS - 2 SP - 1091 EP - 1101 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Eiben, Björn A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Pietrzyk, Uwe A1 - Davatzikos, Christos A1 - Amunts, Katrin T1 - Error Correction using Registration for Blockface Volume Reconstruction of Serial Histological Sections of the Human Brain T2 - Bildverarbeitung für die Medizin 2010; Algorithmen - Systeme - Anwendungen ; Proceedings des Workshops vom 22. bis 25. März 2009 in Heidelberg N2 - For accurate registration of histological sections blockface images are frequently used as three dimensional reference. However, due to the use of endocentric lenses the images suffer from perspective errors such as scaling and seemingly relative movement of planes which are located in different distances parallel to the imaging sensor. The suggested correction of those errors is based on the estimation of scaling factors derived from image registration of regions characterized by differing distances to the point of view in neighboring sections. The correction allows the generation of a consistent three dimensional blockface volume. KW - Histologie KW - Diagnostik KW - Bildgebendes Verfahren KW - Schnittdarstellung KW - Fehlerbehandlung Y1 - 2010 UR - http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-574/bvm2010_61.pdf SP - 301 EP - 305 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - GEN A1 - Beyer, Thomas A1 - Weigert, Markus A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Quick, Harald H. A1 - Müller, Stefan P. A1 - Pietrzyk, Uwe A1 - Vogt, Florian A1 - Martinez, M.J. A1 - Bockisch, Andreas T1 - Towards MR-based attenuation correction for whole-body PET/MR imaging T2 - The Journal of Nuclear Medicine KW - Kernspintomografie KW - Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie KW - Bildgebendes Verfahren KW - Schwächung Y1 - 2006 UR - http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/47/suppl_1/384P.1.abstract VL - 47 IS - Suppl. 1 SP - 384P ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gräßel, David A1 - Axer, Markus A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Dammers, Jürgen A1 - Amunts, Katrin A1 - Pietrzyk, Uwe A1 - Zilles, Karl T1 - Visualization of Fiber Tracts in the Postmortem Human Brain by Means of Polarized Light T2 - NeuroImage KW - Gehirn KW - Bildgebendes Verfahren KW - Polarisiertes Licht KW - Pathologische Anatomie Y1 - 2009 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)71415-6 VL - 47 IS - Suppl. 1 SP - 142 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Weigert, Markus A1 - Beyer, Thomas A1 - Quick, Harald H. A1 - Pietrzyk, Uwe A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Müller, Stefan P. T1 - Generation of a MRI reference data set for the validation of automatic, non-rigid image co-registration algorithms T2 - Nuklearmedizin KW - Kernspintomografie KW - Referenzdaten KW - Registrierung KW - Algorithmus Y1 - 2007 VL - 46 IS - 2 SP - A116 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Souza Jr., Luis Antonio de A1 - Mendel, Robert A1 - Strasser, Sophia A1 - Ebigbo, Alanna A1 - Probst, Andreas A1 - Messmann, Helmut A1 - Papa, João Paulo A1 - Palm, Christoph T1 - Convolutional Neural Networks for the evaluation of cancer in Barrett’s esophagus: Explainable AI to lighten up the black-box JF - Computers in Biology and Medicine N2 - Even though artificial intelligence and machine learning have demonstrated remarkable performances in medical image computing, their level of accountability and transparency must be provided in such evaluations. The reliability related to machine learning predictions must be explained and interpreted, especially if diagnosis support is addressed. For this task, the black-box nature of deep learning techniques must be lightened up to transfer its promising results into clinical practice. Hence, we aim to investigate the use of explainable artificial intelligence techniques to quantitatively highlight discriminative regions during the classification of earlycancerous tissues in Barrett’s esophagus-diagnosed patients. Four Convolutional Neural Network models (AlexNet, SqueezeNet, ResNet50, and VGG16) were analyzed using five different interpretation techniques (saliency, guided backpropagation, integrated gradients, input × gradients, and DeepLIFT) to compare their agreement with experts’ previous annotations of cancerous tissue. We could show that saliency attributes match best with the manual experts’ delineations. Moreover, there is moderate to high correlation between the sensitivity of a model and the human-and-computer agreement. The results also lightened that the higher the model’s sensitivity, the stronger the correlation of human and computational segmentation agreement. We observed a relevant relation between computational learning and experts’ insights, demonstrating how human knowledge may influence the correct computational learning. KW - Deep Learning KW - Künstliche Intelligenz KW - Computerunterstützte Medizin KW - Barrett's esophagus KW - Adenocarcinoma KW - Machine learning KW - Explainable artificial intelligence KW - Computer-aided diagnosis Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-20126 SN - 0010-4825 VL - 135 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pietrzyk, Uwe A1 - Bauer, Dagmar A1 - Vieten, Andrea A1 - Bauer, Andreas A1 - Langen, Karl-Josef A1 - Zilles, Karl A1 - Palm, Christoph T1 - Creating consistent 3D multi-modality data sets from autoradiographic and histological images of the rat brain T2 - IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record N2 - Volumetric representations of autoradiographic and histological images gain ever more interest as a base to interpret data obtained with /spl mu/-imaging devices like microPET. Beyond supporting spatial orientation within rat brains especially autoradiographic images may serve as a base to quantitatively evaluate the complex uptake patterns of microPET studies with receptor ligands or tumor tracers. They may also serve for the development of rat brain atlases or data models, which can be explored during further image analysis or simulation studies. In all cases a consistent spatial representation of the rat brain, i.e. its anatomy and the corresponding quantitative uptake pattern, is required. This includes both, a restacking of the individual two-dimensional images and the exact registration of the respective volumes. We propose strategies how these volumes can be created in a consistent way and trying to limit the requirements on the circumstances during data acquisition, i.e. being independent from other sources like video imaging of the block face prior to cutting or high resolution micro-X-ray CT or micro MRI. KW - Neoplasms KW - Data models KW - Image analysis KW - Brain modeling KW - Analytical models KW - Anatomy KW - Data acquisition KW - High-resolution imaging KW - Image resolution KW - Computed tomography Y1 - 2004 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2004.1466754 VL - 6 SP - 4001 EP - 4003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bauer, Dagmar A1 - Hamacher, Kurt A1 - Bröer, Stefan A1 - Pauleit, Dirk A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Zilles, Karl A1 - Coenen, Heinz H. A1 - Langen, Karl-Josef T1 - Preferred stereoselective brain uptake of D-serine BT - a modulator of glutamatergic neurotransmission JF - Nuclear Medicine and Biology N2 - Although it has long been presumed that d-amino acids are uncommon in mammalians, substantial amounts of free d-serine have been detected in the mammalian brain. d-Serine has been demonstrated to be an important modulator of glutamatergic neurotransmission and acts as an agonist at the strychnine-insensitive glycine site of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. The blood-to-brain transfer of d-serine is thought to be extremely low, and it is assumed that d-serine is generated by isomerization of l-serine in the brain. Stimulated by the observation of a preferred transport of the d-isomer of proline at the blood–brain barrier, we investigated the differential uptake of [3H]-d-serine and [3H]-l-serine in the rat brain 1 h after intravenous injection using quantitative autoradiography. Surprisingly, brain uptake of [3H]-d-serine was significantly higher than that of [3H]-l-serine, indicating a preferred transport of the d-enantiomer of serine at the blood–brain barrier. This finding indicates that exogenous d-serine may have a direct influence on glutamatergic neurotransmission and associated diseases. KW - Aminosäuren KW - Gehirn KW - Blut-Hirn-Schranke KW - Aufnahme KW - d/l-serine KW - Amino acid transport KW - Blood–brain barrier KW - NMDA receptors Y1 - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2005.07.004 VL - 32 IS - 8 SP - 793 EP - 797 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Vieten, Andrea A1 - Bauer, Dagmar A1 - Pietrzyk, Uwe T1 - Evaluierung von Registrierungsstrategien zur multimodalen 3D-Rekonstruktion von Rattenhirnschnitten T2 - Bildverarbeitung für die Medizin 2006 N2 - In dieser Arbeit werden drei Strategien zur 3D Stapelung von multimodalen Schnittbildern vorgestellt. Die Strategien werden experimentell anhand von Dualtracer-Autoradiographien evaluiert. Dazu werden neue Maße zur Beschreibung der Konsistenz innerhalb einer Modalität und der Konsistenz der Modalitäten untereinander entwickelt, die auf bekannten Registrierungsmetriken basieren. Gerade bezüglich der Konsistenz der Modalitäten untereinander zeigen zwei Strategien die besten Resultate: (1) abwechselnde multimodale Registrierung (2) monomodale Rekonstruktion einer Modalität und multimodale 2D Registrierung der zweiten Modalität. KW - Registrierung KW - Dreidimensionale Rekonstruktion KW - Gehirn KW - Schnittpräparat Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-32137-3_51 SP - 251 EP - 255 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pietrzyk, Uwe A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Beyer, Thomas T1 - Fusion strategies in multi-modality imaging T2 - Medical Physics, Vol 2. Proceedings of the jointly held Congresses: ICMP 2005, 14th International Conference of Medical Physics of the International Organization for Medical Physics (IOMP), the European Federation of Organizations in Medical Physics (EFOMP) and the German Society of Medical Physics (DGMP) ; BMT 2005, 39th Annual Congress of the German Society for Biomedical Engineering (DGBMT) within VDE ; 14th - 17th September 2005, Nuremberg, Germany KW - Bildgebendes Verfahren KW - Registrierung Y1 - 2005 SP - 1446 EP - 1447 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Weigert, Markus A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Quick, Harald H. A1 - Müller, Stefan P. A1 - Pietrzyk, Uwe A1 - Beyer, Thomas T1 - Template for MR-based attenuation correction for whole-body PET/MR imaging T2 - Nuklearmedizin KW - Kernspintomografie KW - Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie KW - Bildgebendes Verfahren KW - Schwächung Y1 - 2007 VL - 46 IS - 2 SP - A115 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Axer, Markus A1 - Axer, Hubertus A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Gräßel, David A1 - Zilles, Karl A1 - Pietrzyk, Uwe T1 - Visualization of Nerve Fibre Orientation in the Visual Cortex of the Human Brain by Means of Polarized Light T2 - Biomedizinische Technik KW - Sehrinde KW - Nervenfaser KW - Ausrichtung KW - Visualisierung KW - Polarisiertes Licht Y1 - 2007 VL - 52 IS - Suppl. SP - 1569048-041 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Dehnhardt, Markus A1 - Vieten, Andrea A1 - Pietrzyk, Uwe T1 - 3D rat brain tumor reconstruction T2 - Biomedizinische Technik KW - Dreidimensionale Rekonstruktion KW - Hirntumor Y1 - 2005 VL - 50 IS - Suppl. 1, Part 1 SP - 597 EP - 598 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Crum, William R. A1 - Pietrzyk, Uwe A1 - Hawkes, David J. T1 - Application of Fluid and Elastic Registration Methods to Histological Rat Brain Sections T2 - Biomedizinische Technik KW - Registrierung KW - Gehirn KW - Schnittdarstellung Y1 - 2007 VL - 52 IS - Suppl. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brown, Peter A1 - Consortium, RELISH A1 - Zhou, Yaoqi A1 - Palm, Christoph T1 - Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search JF - Database N2 - Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research. KW - Information Retrieval KW - Indexierung KW - Literaturdatenbank KW - Dokument KW - Ähnlichkeitssuche KW - Suchmaschine Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/database/baz085 VL - 2019 SP - 1 EP - 66 PB - Oxford University Pres ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ebigbo, Alanna A1 - Mendel, Robert A1 - Probst, Andreas A1 - Manzeneder, Johannes A1 - Souza Jr., Luis Antonio de A1 - Papa, João Paulo A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Messmann, Helmut T1 - Artificial Intelligence in Early Barrett's Cancer: The Segmentation Task T2 - Endoscopy N2 - Aims: The delineation of outer margins of early Barrett's cancer can be challenging even for experienced endoscopists. Artificial intelligence (AI) could assist endoscopists faced with this task. As of date, there is very limited experience in this domain. In this study, we demonstrate the measure of overlap (Dice coefficient = D) between highly experienced Barrett endoscopists and an AI system in the delineation of cancer margins (segmentation task). Methods: An AI system with a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained and tested on high-definition endoscopic images of early Barrett's cancer (n = 33) and normal Barrett's mucosa (n = 41). The reference standard for the segmentation task were the manual delineations of tumor margins by three highly experienced Barrett endoscopists. Training of the AI system included patch generation, patch augmentation and adjustment of the CNN weights. Then, the segmentation results from patch classification and thresholding of the class probabilities. Segmentation results were evaluated using the Dice coefficient (D). Results: The Dice coefficient (D) which can range between 0 (no overlap) and 1 (complete overlap) was computed only for images correctly classified by the AI-system as cancerous. At a threshold of t = 0.5, a mean value of D = 0.72 was computed. Conclusions: AI with CNN performed reasonably well in the segmentation of the tumor region in Barrett's cancer, at least when compared with expert Barrett's endoscopists. AI holds a lot of promise as a tool for better visualization of tumor margins but may need further improvement and enhancement especially in real-time settings. KW - Speiseröhrenkrankheit KW - Maschinelles Lernen KW - Barrett's esphagus KW - Deep Learning KW - Segmentation Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1681187 VL - 51 IS - 04 SP - 6 PB - Georg Thieme Verlag CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Fischer, B. A1 - Lehmann, Thomas M. A1 - Spitzer, Klaus T1 - Hierarchische Wasserscheiden-Transformation zur Lippensegmentierung in Farbbildern T2 - Bildverarbeitung für die Medizin 2000 N2 - Zur Lösung komplexer Segmentierungsprobleme wird eine hierarchische und farbbasierte Wasserscheidentransformation vorgestellt. Geringe Modifikationen bezüglich Startpunktwahl und Flutungsprozess resultieren in signifikanten Verbesserungen der Segmentierung. Das Verfahren wurde zur Lippendetektion in Farbbildsequenzen eingesetzt, die zur quantitativen Beschreibung von Sprechbewegungsabläufen automatisch ausgewertet werden. Die Experimente mit 245 Bildern aus 6 Sequenzen zeigten eine Fehlerrate von 13%. KW - Hierarchische Wasserscheiden-Transformation KW - Segmentierung der Lippen KW - Bewegungsanalyse KW - Farbbildverarbeitung Y1 - 2000 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59757-2_20 SP - 106 EP - 110 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neuschaefer-Rube, C. A1 - Lehmann, Thomas M. A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Bredno, J. A1 - Klajman, S. A1 - Spitzer, Klaus T1 - 3D-Visualisierung glottaler Abduktionsbewegungen JF - Aktuelle phoniatrisch-pädaudiologische Aspekte Y1 - 2001 SN - 3-922766-76-5 VL - 2001/2002 IS - 9 SP - 58 EP - 61 PB - Median ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fischer, B. A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Lehmann, Thomas M. A1 - Spitzer, Klaus T1 - Selektion von Farbtexturmerkmalen zur Tumorklassifikation dermatoskopischer Fotografien T2 - Bildverarbeitung für die Medizin 2002 Y1 - 2002 SP - 238 EP - 241 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Dehnhardt, Markus A1 - Vieten, Andrea A1 - Pietrzyk, Uwe A1 - Bauer, Andreas A1 - Zilles, Karl T1 - 3D rat brain tumors JF - Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archives of Pharmacology Y1 - 2005 VL - 371 IS - R103 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Scholl, Ingrid A1 - Lehmann, Thomas M. A1 - Spitzer, Klaus ED - Greiser, E. ED - Wischnewsky, M. T1 - Nutzung eines Farbkonstanz-Algorithmus zur Entfernung von Glanzlichtern in laryngoskopischen Bildern T2 - Methoden der Medizinischen Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie in der modernen Informationsgesellschaft N2 - 1 Einführung Funktionelle und organische Störungen im Larynx beeinträchtigen die Ausdrucksfähigkeit des Menschen. Zur Diagnostik und Verlaufkontrolle werden die Stimmlippen im Larynx mit Hilfe der Video-Laryngoskopie aufgenommen. Zur optimalen Farbmessung wird dazu an das Lupenendoskop eine 3-Chip-CCD-Kamera angeschlossen, die eine unabhängige Aufnahme der drei Farbkanäle erlaubt. Die bisherige subjektive Befundung ist von der Erfahrung des Untersuchers abhängig und läßt nur eine grobe Klassifikation der Krankheitsbilder zu. Zur Objektivierung werden daher quantitative Parameter für Farbe, Textur und Schwingung entwickelt. Neben dem Einfluß der wechselnden Lichtquellenfarbe auf den Farbeindruck ist die Sekretauflage auf den Stimmlippen ein Problem bei der Farb-und Texturanalyse. Sie kann zu ausgedehnten Glanzlichtern führen und so weite Bereiche der Stimmlippen für die Farb-und Texturanalyse unbrauchbar machen. Dieser Beitrag stellt einen Farbkonstanz-Algorithmus vor, der unabhängig von der Lichtquelle quantitative Farbwerte des Gewebes liefert und die Glanzlichtdetektion und -elimination ermöglicht. 2 Methodik Ziel des Farbkonstanz-Algorithmus ist die Trennung von Lichtquellen-und Gewebefarbe. Unter Verwendung des dichromatischen Reflexionsmodells [1] kann die Oberflächenreflexion mit der Farbe der Lichtquelle und die Körperreflexion mit der Gewebefarbe identifiziert werden. Der Farbeindruck entsteht aus der Linearkombination beider Farbkomponenten. Ihre Gewichtung ist von der Aufnahmegeometrie abhängig, insbesondere vom Winkel zwischen Oberflächennormalen und dem Positionsvektor der Lichtquelle. In einem zweistufigen Verfahren wird zunächst die Lichtquellenfarbe geschätzt, dann die Gewebefarbe ermittelt. Hieraus können beide Farbanteile durch die Berechnung der Gewichtsfaktoren pixelweise getrennt werden. KW - Farbkonstanz KW - Glanzlichtelimination KW - medizinische Bildverarbeitung KW - dichromatisches Reflexionsmodell Y1 - 1998 SN - 9783820813357 SP - 300 EP - 303 PB - MMV Medien und Medizin CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Chang, Ching-Sheng A1 - Lin, Jin-Fa A1 - Lee, Ming-Ching A1 - Palm, Christoph ED - Tolxdorff, Thomas ED - Deserno, Thomas M. ED - Handels, Heinz ED - Maier, Andreas ED - Maier-Hein, Klaus H. ED - Palm, Christoph T1 - Semantic Lung Segmentation Using Convolutional Neural Networks T2 - Bildverarbeitung für die Medizin 2020. Algorithmen - Systeme - Anwendungen. Proceedings des Workshops vom 15. bis 17. März 2020 in Berlin N2 - Chest X-Ray (CXR) images as part of a non-invasive diagnosis method are commonly used in today’s medical workflow. In traditional methods, physicians usually use their experience to interpret CXR images, however, there is a large interobserver variance. Computer vision may be used as a standard for assisted diagnosis. In this study, we applied an encoder-decoder neural network architecture for automatic lung region detection. We compared a three-class approach (left lung, right lung, background) and a two-class approach (lung, background). The differentiation of left and right lungs as direct result of a semantic segmentation on basis of neural nets rather than post-processing a lung-background segmentation is done here for the first time. Our evaluation was done on the NIH Chest X-ray dataset, from which 1736 images were extracted and manually annotated. We achieved 94:9% mIoU and 92% mIoU as segmentation quality measures for the two-class-model and the three-class-model, respectively. This result is very promising for the segmentation of lung regions having the simultaneous classification of left and right lung in mind. KW - Neuronales Netz KW - Segmentierung KW - Brustkorb KW - Deep Learning KW - Encoder-Decoder Network KW - Chest X-Ray Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-658-29266-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29267-6_17 SP - 75 EP - 80 PB - Springer Vieweg CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Souza Jr., Luis Antonio de A1 - Ebigbo, Alanna A1 - Probst, Andreas A1 - Messmann, Helmut A1 - Papa, João Paulo A1 - Mendel, Robert A1 - Palm, Christoph T1 - Barrett's Esophagus Identification Using Color Co-occurrence Matrices T2 - 31st SIBGRAPI Conference on Graphics, Patterns and Images (SIBGRAPI), Parana, 2018 N2 - In this work, we propose the use of single channel Color Co-occurrence Matrices for texture description of Barrett’sEsophagus (BE)and adenocarcinoma images. Further classification using supervised learning techniques, such as Optimum-Path Forest (OPF), Support Vector Machines with Radial Basisunction (SVM-RBF) and Bayesian classifier supports the contextof automatic BE and adenocarcinoma diagnosis. We validated three approaches of classification based on patches, patients and images in two datasets (MICCAI 2015 and Augsburg) using the color-and-texture descriptors and the machine learning techniques. Concerning MICCAI 2015 dataset, the best results were obtained using the blue channel for the descriptors and the supervised OPF for classification purposes in the patch-based approach, with sensitivity nearly to 73% for positive adenocarcinoma identification and specificity close to 77% for BE (non-cancerous) patch classification. Regarding the Augsburg dataset, the most accurate results were also obtained using both OPF classifier and blue channel descriptor for the feature extraction, with sensitivity close to 67% and specificity around to76%. Our work highlights new advances in the related research area and provides a promising technique that combines color and texture information, allied to three different approaches of dataset pre-processing aiming to configure robust scenarios for the classification step. KW - Barrett’s Esophagus KW - Co-occurrence Matrices KW - Machine learning KW - Texture Analysis Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/SIBGRAPI.2018.00028 SP - 166 EP - 173 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Middel, Luise A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Erdt, Marius T1 - Synthesis of Medical Images Using GANs T2 - Uncertainty for safe utilization of machine learning in medical imaging and clinical image-based procedures. First International Workshop, UNSURE 2019, and 8th International Workshop, CLIP 2019, held in conjunction with MICCAI 2019, Shenzhen, China, October 17, 2019 N2 - The success of artificial intelligence in medicine is based on the need for large amounts of high quality training data. Sharing of medical image data, however, is often restricted by laws such as doctor-patient confidentiality. Although there are publicly available medical datasets, their quality and quantity are often low. Moreover, datasets are often imbalanced and only represent a fraction of the images generated in hospitals or clinics and can thus usually only be used as training data for specific problems. The introduction of generative adversarial networks (GANs) provides a mean to generate artificial images by training two convolutional networks. This paper proposes a method which uses GANs trained on medical images in order to generate a large number of artificial images that could be used to train other artificial intelligence algorithms. This work is a first step towards alleviating data privacy concerns and being able to publicly share data that still contains a substantial amount of the information in the original private data. The method has been evaluated on several public datasets and quantitative and qualitative tests showing promising results. KW - Neuronale Netze KW - Deep Learning KW - Generative adversarial networks KW - Machine Learning KW - Artificial Intelligence KW - Data privacy KW - Deep Learning KW - Bilderzeugung KW - Datenschutz Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-030-32688-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32689-0_13 SN - 0302-9743 SP - 125 EP - 134 PB - Springer Nature CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weiherer, Maximilian A1 - Zorn, Martin A1 - Wittenberg, Thomas A1 - Palm, Christoph ED - Tolxdorff, Thomas ED - Deserno, Thomas M. ED - Handels, Heinz ED - Maier, Andreas ED - Maier-Hein, Klaus H. ED - Palm, Christoph T1 - Retrospective Color Shading Correction for Endoscopic Images T2 - Bildverarbeitung für die Medizin 2020. Algorithmen - Systeme - Anwendungen. Proceedings des Workshops vom 15. bis 17. März 2020 in Berlin N2 - In this paper, we address the problem of retrospective color shading correction. An extension of the established gray-level shading correction algorithm based on signal envelope (SE) estimation to color images is developed using principal color components. Compared to the probably most general shading correction algorithm based on entropy minimization, SE estimation does not need any computationally expensive optimization and thus can be implemented more effciently. We tested our new shading correction scheme on artificial as well as real endoscopic images and observed promising results. Additionally, an indepth analysis of the stop criterion used in the SE estimation algorithm is provided leading to the conclusion that a fixed, user-defined threshold is generally not feasible. Thus, we present new ideas how to develop a non-parametric version of the SE estimation algorithm using entropy. KW - Endoskopie KW - Bildgebendes Verfahren KW - Farbenraum KW - Graustufe Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-658-29266-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29267-6 SP - 14 EP - 19 PB - Springer Vieweg CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Keysers, Daniel A1 - Lehmann, Thomas M. A1 - Spitzer, Klaus T1 - Gabor Filtering of Complex Hue/Saturation Images for Color Texture Classification T2 - Proceedings of the 5th Joint Conference on Information Science (JCIS) 2, The Association for Intelligent Machinery, Atlantic City, NJ, 2000 N2 - Objective: Complex hue/saturation images as a new approach for color texture classification using Gabor filters are introduced and compared with common techniques. Method: The interpretation of hue and saturationas polar coordinates allows direct use of the HSV-colorspace for Fourier transform. This technique is applied for Gabor feature extraction of color textures. In contrast to other color features based on the RGB-colorspace [1] the combination of color bands is done previous to the filtering. Results: The performance of the new HS-featuresis compared with that of RGB based as well as grayscale Gabor features by evaluating the classifi-cation of 30 natural textures. The new HS-featuresshow same results like the best RGB features but allow a more compact representation. On the averagethe color features improve the results of grayscale features. Conclusion: The consideration of the color information enhances the classification of color texture. The choice of colorspace cannot be adjudged finally, but the introduced features suggest the use of the HSV-colorspace with less features than RGB. Y1 - 2000 UR - http://www.keysers.net/daniel/files/JCIS2000_palm.pdf SP - 45 EP - 49 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ebigbo, Alanna A1 - Mendel, Robert A1 - Probst, Andreas A1 - Manzeneder, Johannes A1 - Prinz, Friederike A1 - Souza Jr., Luis Antonio de A1 - Papa, João Paulo A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Messmann, Helmut T1 - Real-time use of artificial intelligence in the evaluation of cancer in Barrett’s oesophagus JF - Gut N2 - Based on previous work by our group with manual annotation of visible Barrett oesophagus (BE) cancer images, a real-time deep learning artificial intelligence (AI) system was developed. While an expert endoscopist conducts the endoscopic assessment of BE, our AI system captures random images from the real-time camera livestream and provides a global prediction (classification), as well as a dense prediction (segmentation) differentiating accurately between normal BE and early oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The AI system showed an accuracy of 89.9% on 14 cases with neoplastic BE. KW - Speiseröhrenkrankheit KW - Diagnose KW - Maschinelles Lernen KW - Barrett's esophagus KW - Deep learning KW - real-time Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319460 VL - 69 IS - 4 SP - 615 EP - 616 PB - BMJ CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arribas, Julia A1 - Antonelli, Giulio A1 - Frazzoni, Leonardo A1 - Fuccio, Lorenzo A1 - Ebigbo, Alanna A1 - van der Sommen, Fons A1 - Ghatwary, Noha A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Coimbra, Miguel A1 - Renna, Francesco A1 - Bergman, Jacques J.G.H.M. A1 - Sharma, Prateek A1 - Messmann, Helmut A1 - Hassan, Cesare A1 - Dinis-Ribeiro, Mario J. T1 - Standalone performance of artificial intelligence for upper GI neoplasia: a meta-analysis JF - Gut N2 - Objective: Artificial intelligence (AI) may reduce underdiagnosed or overlooked upper GI (UGI) neoplastic and preneoplastic conditions, due to subtle appearance and low disease prevalence. Only disease-specific AI performances have been reported, generating uncertainty on its clinical value. Design: We searched PubMed, Embase and Scopus until July 2020, for studies on the diagnostic performance of AI in detection and characterisation of UGI lesions. Primary outcomes were pooled diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of AI. Secondary outcomes were pooled positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values. We calculated pooled proportion rates (%), designed summary receiving operating characteristic curves with respective area under the curves (AUCs) and performed metaregression and sensitivity analysis. Results: Overall, 19 studies on detection of oesophageal squamous cell neoplasia (ESCN) or Barrett's esophagus-related neoplasia (BERN) or gastric adenocarcinoma (GCA) were included with 218, 445, 453 patients and 7976, 2340, 13 562 images, respectively. AI-sensitivity/specificity/PPV/NPV/positive likelihood ratio/negative likelihood ratio for UGI neoplasia detection were 90% (CI 85% to 94%)/89% (CI 85% to 92%)/87% (CI 83% to 91%)/91% (CI 87% to 94%)/8.2 (CI 5.7 to 11.7)/0.111 (CI 0.071 to 0.175), respectively, with an overall AUC of 0.95 (CI 0.93 to 0.97). No difference in AI performance across ESCN, BERN and GCA was found, AUC being 0.94 (CI 0.52 to 0.99), 0.96 (CI 0.95 to 0.98), 0.93 (CI 0.83 to 0.99), respectively. Overall, study quality was low, with high risk of selection bias. No significant publication bias was found. Conclusion: We found a high overall AI accuracy for the diagnosis of any neoplastic lesion of the UGI tract that was independent of the underlying condition. This may be expected to substantially reduce the miss rate of precancerous lesions and early cancer when implemented in clinical practice. KW - Artificial Intelligence Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321922 VL - 70 IS - 8 SP - 1458 EP - 1468 PB - BMJ CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ebigbo, Alanna A1 - Mendel, Robert A1 - Rückert, Tobias A1 - Schuster, Laurin A1 - Probst, Andreas A1 - Manzeneder, Johannes A1 - Prinz, Friederike A1 - Mende, Matthias A1 - Steinbrück, Ingo A1 - Faiss, Siegbert A1 - Rauber, David A1 - Souza Jr., Luis Antonio de A1 - Papa, João Paulo A1 - Deprez, Pierre A1 - Oyama, Tsuneo A1 - Takahashi, Akiko A1 - Seewald, Stefan A1 - Sharma, Prateek A1 - Byrne, Michael F. A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Messmann, Helmut T1 - Endoscopic prediction of submucosal invasion in Barrett’s cancer with the use of Artificial Intelligence: A pilot Study JF - Endoscopy N2 - Background and aims: The accurate differentiation between T1a and T1b Barrett’s cancer has both therapeutic and prognostic implications but is challenging even for experienced physicians. We trained an Artificial Intelligence (AI) system on the basis of deep artificial neural networks (deep learning) to differentiate between T1a and T1b Barrett’s cancer white-light images. Methods: Endoscopic images from three tertiary care centres in Germany were collected retrospectively. A deep learning system was trained and tested using the principles of cross-validation. A total of 230 white-light endoscopic images (108 T1a and 122 T1b) was evaluated with the AI-system. For comparison, the images were also classified by experts specialized in endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of Barrett’s cancer. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, F1 and accuracy of the AI-system in the differentiation between T1a and T1b cancer lesions was 0.77, 0.64, 0.73 and 0.71, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the performance of the AI-system and that of human experts with sensitivity, specificity, F1 and accuracy of 0.63, 0.78, 0.67 and 0.70 respectively. Conclusion: This pilot study demonstrates the first multicenter application of an AI-based system in the prediction of submucosal invasion in endoscopic images of Barrett’s cancer. AI scored equal to international experts in the field, but more work is necessary to improve the system and apply it to video sequences and in a real-life setting. Nevertheless, the correct prediction of submucosal invasion in Barret´s cancer remains challenging for both experts and AI. KW - Maschinelles Lernen KW - Neuronales Netz KW - Speiseröhrenkrebs KW - Diagnose KW - Artificial Intelligence KW - Machine learning KW - Adenocarcinoma KW - Barrett’s cancer KW - submucosal invasion Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1311-8570 VL - 53 IS - 09 SP - 878 EP - 883 PB - Thieme CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - INPR A1 - Weiherer, Maximilian A1 - Eigenberger, Andreas A1 - Brébant, Vanessa A1 - Prantl, Lukas A1 - Palm, Christoph T1 - Learning the shape of female breasts: an open-access 3D statistical shape model of the female breast built from 110 breast scans N2 - We present the Regensburg Breast Shape Model (RBSM) – a 3D statistical shape model of the female breast built from 110 breast scans, and the first ever publicly available. Together with the model, a fully automated, pairwise surface registration pipeline used to establish correspondence among 3D breast scans is introduced. Our method is computationally efficient and requires only four landmarks to guide the registration process. In order to weaken the strong coupling between breast and thorax, we propose to minimize the variance outside the breast region as much as possible. To achieve this goal, a novel concept called breast probability masks (BPMs) is introduced. A BPM assigns probabilities to each point of a 3D breast scan, telling how likely it is that a particular point belongs to the breast area. During registration, we use BPMs to align the template to the target as accurately as possible inside the breast region and only roughly outside. This simple yet effective strategy significantly reduces the unwanted variance outside the breast region, leading to better statistical shape models in which breast shapes are quite well decoupled from the thorax. The RBSM is thus able to produce a variety of different breast shapes as independently as possible from the shape of the thorax. Our systematic experimental evaluation reveals a generalization ability of 0.17 mm and a specificity of 2.8 mm for the RBSM. Ultimately, our model is seen as a first step towards combining physically motivated deformable models of the breast and statistical approaches in order to enable more realistic surgical outcome simulation. KW - Statistical shape mode KW - Surgical outcome simulation KW - 3D breast scan registration KW - Non-rigid surface registration KW - Breast imaging Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Pelkmann, Annegret A1 - Lehmann, Thomas M. A1 - Spitzer, Klaus T1 - Distortion Correction of Laryngoscopic Images T2 - Advances in quantitative laryngoscopy, voice and speech research, Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop Aachen, RWTH N2 - Laryngoscopic images of the vocal tract are used for diagnostic purposes. Quantitative mea-surements like changes of the glottis size or the surface of the vocal cords during an image sequence can be helpful to describe the healing process or to compare the findings of diffe-rent patients. Typically the endoscopic images are circulary symmetric distorted (barrel di-stortion). Therefore measurements of geometric dimensions depend on the object´s position in the image. In this paper an algorithm is presented which allows the computation of the translational invariant "real" object size by correcting the image distortion without using additional calibration of the optical environment. KW - image distortion KW - camera calibration KW - multiple regression analysis Y1 - 1998 UR - https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e9d8/eb27af24bd79f482821441c2bf0eee7b3fe6.pdf?_ga=2.183754286.985176231.1591560247-1467258391.1581026068 SP - 117 EP - 125 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Scholl, Ingrid A1 - Lehmann, Thomas M. A1 - Spitzer, Klaus ED - Lehmann, Thomas M. ED - Metzler, V. ED - Spitzer, Klaus ED - Tolxdorff, Thomas T1 - Quantitative Farbmessung in laryngoskopischen Bildern T2 - Bildverarbeitung für die Medizin N2 - Quantitative Farbmessungen sollen die Diagnostik laryngealer Erkrankungen unterstützen. Dabei wird der Farbeindruck nicht nur durch die Reflexionseigenschaften des Gewebes sondern auch durch die Farbe der verwendeten Lichtquelle beeinflußt. Der hier vorgestellte Farbkonstanz-Algorithmus basiert auf dem dichromatischen Reflexionsmodell und liefert eine pixelweise Trennung des Farbbildes in seine beiden Faxbanteile. Die Körperfarbe entspricht dabei der gewebespezifischen Reflexion, die Oberfächenfarbe der Strahlung der Lichtquelle. KW - Farbkonstanz KW - quantitative Farbmessung KW - dichromatisches Reflexionsmodell KW - Laryngoskopie Y1 - 1998 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58775-7_81 SP - 412 EP - 416 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER -