TY - JOUR A1 - Pereira, Clayton R. A1 - Pereira, Danilo R. A1 - Weber, Silke A. T. A1 - Hook, Christian T1 - A survey on computer-assisted Parkinson's Disease diagnosis JF - Artificial intelligence in medicine N2 - Background and objective: In this work, we present a systematic review concerning the recent enabling technologies as a tool to the diagnosis, treatment and better quality of life of patients diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease (PD), as well as an analysis of future trends on new approaches to this end. Methods: In this review, we compile a number of works published at some well-established databases, such as Science Direct, IEEEXplore, PubMed, Plos One, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Springer and Hindawi Publishing Corporation. Each selected work has been carefully analyzed in order to identify its objective, methodology and results. Results: The review showed the majority of works make use of signal-based data, which are often acquired by means of sensors. Also, we have observed the increasing number of works that employ virtual reality and e-health monitoring systems to increase the life quality of PD patients. Despite the different approaches found in the literature, almost all of them make use of some sort of machine learning mechanism to aid the automatic PD diagnosis. Conclusions: The main focus of this survey is to consider computer-assisted diagnosis, and how effective they can be when handling the problem of PD identification. Also, the main contribution of this review is to consider very recent works only, mainly from 2015 and 2016. KW - BIOMARKER KW - CLASSIFICATION KW - DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS KW - GAIT KW - Machine learning KW - MOVEMENT KW - Parkinson's disease KW - RECOGNITION KW - SMARTPHONE KW - SYMPTOMS KW - TEST BATTERY Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2018.08.007 VL - 95 IS - April SP - 48 EP - 63 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Philipp, Alois A1 - de Somer, Filip A1 - Foltan, Maik A1 - Bredthauer, Andre A1 - Krenkel, Lars A1 - Zeman, Florian A1 - Lehle, Karla T1 - Life span of different extracorporeal membrane systems for severe respiratory failure in the clinical practice JF - PLOS ONE N2 - Over the past decade, veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vvECMO) has been increasingly utilized in respiratory failure in patients. This study presents our institution´s experience focusing on the life span of ECMO systems reflecting the performance of a particular system. A retrospective review of our ECMO database identified 461 adult patients undergoing vvECMO (2010-2017). Patients that required more than one system and survived the first exchange >24 hours (n = 139) were included. Life span until the first exchange and exchange criteria were analyzed for all systems (PLS, Cardiohelp HLS-set, both Maquet Cardiopulmonary, Rastatt, Germany; Deltastream/Hilite7000LT, iLA-activve, Xenios/NovaLung, Heilbronn, Germany; ECC.O5, LivaNova, Mirandola, Italy). At our ECMO center, the frequency of a system exchange was 30%. The median (IQR) life span was 9 (6-12) days. There was no difference regarding the different systems (p = 0.145 and p = 0.108, respectively). However, the Deltastream systems were exchanged more frequently due to elective technical complications (e. g. worsened gas transfer, development of coagulation disorder, increased bleedings complications) compared to the other exchanged systems (p = 0.013). In summary, the used ECMO systems are safe and effective for acute respiratory failure. There is no evidence for the usage of a specific system. Only the increased predictability of an imminent exchange preferred the usage of a Deltastream system. However, the decision to use a particular system should not depend solely on the possible criteria for an exchange. KW - Equipment Failure Analysis/statistics & numerical data KW - Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/instrumentation KW - Membrane/classification/standards/statistics & numerical data KW - Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data KW - Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Time factors KW - MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY KW - THROMBOTIC DEPOSITS KW - ECMO SYSTEMS KW - Flow KW - OXYGENATION Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198392 VL - 13 IS - 6 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - PLOS ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Plank, Tina A1 - Rosengarth, Katharina A1 - Schmalhofer, Carolin A1 - Goldhacker, Markus A1 - Brandl-Rühle, Sabine A1 - Greenlee, Mark W. T1 - Perceptual learning in patients with macular degeneration JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or hereditary macular dystrophies (JMD) rely on an efficient use of their peripheral visual field. We trained eight AMD and five JMD patients to perform a texture-discrimination task (TDT) at their preferred retinal locus (PRL) used for fixation. Six training sessions of approximately one hour duration were conducted over a period of approximately 3 weeks. Before, during and after training twelve patients and twelve age-matched controls (the data from two controls had to be discarded later) took part in three functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) sessions to assess training-related changes in the BOLD response in early visual cortex. Patients benefited from the training measurements as indexed by significant decrease (p = 0.001) in the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between the presentation of the texture target on background and the visual mask, and in a significant location specific effect of the PRL with respect to hit rate (p = 0.014). The following trends were observed: (i) improvement in Vernier acuity for an eccentric line-bisection task; (ii) positive correlation between the development of BOLD signals in early visual cortex and initial fixation stability (r = 0.531); (iii) positive correlation between the increase in task performance and initial fixation stability (r = 0.730). The first two trends were non-significant, whereas the third trend was significant at p = 0.014, Bonferroni corrected. Consequently, our exploratory study suggests that training on the TDT can enhance eccentric vision in patients with central vision loss. This enhancement is accompanied by a modest alteration in the BOLD response in early visual cortex. KW - perceptual learning KW - fMRI BOLD KW - cortical plasticity KW - visual cortex KW - macular degeneration Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01189 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 5 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prantl, Lukas A1 - Eigenberger, Andreas A1 - Gehmert, Sebastian A1 - Haerteis, Silke A1 - Aung, Thiha A1 - Rachel, Reinhard A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael A1 - Felthaus, Oliver T1 - Enhanced Resorption of Liposomal Packed Vitamin C Monitored by Ultrasound JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine N2 - Vitamin C is an essential nutrient for humans and is involved in a plethora of health-related functions. Several studies have shown a connection between vitamin C intake and an improved resistance to infections that involves the immune system. However, the body cannot store vitamin C and both the elevated oral intake, and the intravenous application have certain disadvantages. In this study, we wanted to show a new formulation for the liposomal packaging of vitamin C. Using freeze etching electron microscopy, we show the formed liposomes. With a novel approach of post-processing procedures of real-time sonography that combines enhancement effects by contrast-like ultrasound with a transducer, we wanted to demonstrate the elevated intestinal vitamin C resorption on four participants. With the method presented in this study, it is possible to make use of the liposomal packaging of vitamin C with simple household materials and equipment for intake elevation. For the first time, we show the enhanced resorption of ingested liposomes using microbubble enhanced ultrasound imaging. KW - ASCORBIC-ACID KW - CEUS KW - CONTRAST AGENT KW - CULTURES KW - DEFICIENCY KW - enhanced resorption KW - GULO KW - immune system KW - liposomal packing KW - MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION KW - OXIDATIVE STRESS KW - PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE KW - sonography KW - vitamin C Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9061616 VL - 9 IS - 6 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prantl, Lukas A1 - Eigenberger, Andreas A1 - Klein, Silvan A1 - Limm, Katharina A1 - Oefner, Peter J. A1 - Schratzenstaller, Thomas A1 - Felthaus, Oliver T1 - Shear Force Processing of Lipoaspirates for Stem Cell Enrichment Does Not Affect Secretome of Human Cells Detected by Mass Spectrometry In Vitro JF - Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery N2 - Background: Lipofilling is one of the most often performed surgical procedures in plastic and reconstructive surgery. Lipoaspirates provide a ready source of stem cells and secreted factors that contribute to neoangiogenesis and fat graft survival. However, the regulations about the enrichment of these beneficial cells and factors are ambiguous. In this study, the authors tested whether a combination of centrifugation and homogenization allowed the enrichment of viable stem cells in lipoaspirates through the selective removal of tumescent solution, blood, and released lipids without significantly affecting the cell secretome. Methods: Human lipoaspirate was harvested from six different patients using water jet–assisted liposuction. Lipoaspirate was homogenized by first centrifugation (3584 rpm for 2 minutes), shear strain (10 times intersyringe processing), and second centrifugation (3584 rpm for 2 minutes). Stem cell enrichment was shown by cell counting after stem cell isolation. Lipoaspirate from different processing steps (unprocessed, after first centrifugation, after homogenization, after second centrifugation) was incubated in serum-free cell culture medium for mass spectrometric analysis of secreted proteins. Results: Lipoaspirate homogenization leads to a significant 2.6 ± 1.75-fold enrichment attributable to volume reduction without reducing the viability of the stem cells. Protein composition of the secretome did not change significantly after tissue homogenization. Considering the enrichment effects, there were no significant differences in the protein concentration of the 83 proteins found in all processing steps. Conclusions: Stem cells can be enriched mechanically without significantly affecting the composition of secreted proteins. Shear-assisted enrichment of lipoaspirate constitutes no substantial manipulation of the cells’ secretome. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000007343 VL - 146 IS - 6 SP - 749e EP - 758e PB - American Society of Plastic Surgeons ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prantl, Lukas A1 - Eigenberger, Andreas A1 - Reinhard, Ruben A1 - Siegmund, Andreas A1 - Heumann, Kerstin A1 - Felthaus, Oliver T1 - Cell-Enriched Lipotransfer (CELT) Improves Tissue Regeneration and Rejuvenation without Substantial Manipulation of the Adipose Tissue Graft JF - Cells N2 - The good availability and the large content of adult stem cells in adipose tissue has made it one of the most interesting tissues in regenerative medicine. Although lipofilling is one of the most frequent procedures in plastic surgery, the method still struggles with high absorption rates and volume losses of up to 70%. Therefore, many efforts have been made to optimize liposuction and to process the harvested tissue in order to increase fat graft retention. Because of their immunomodulatory properties, their cytokine secretory activity, and their differentiation potential, enrichment with adipose tissue-derived stem cells was identified as a promising tool to promote transplant survival. Here, we review the important parameters for lipofilling optimization. Finally, we present a new method for the enrichment of lipoaspirate with adipose tissue-derived stem cells and discuss the parameters that contribute to fat graft survival. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11193159 VL - 11 IS - 19 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Putzer, Michael A1 - Auer, Stefan A1 - Malpica, William A1 - Süß, Franz A1 - Dendorfer, Sebastian T1 - A numerical study to determine the effect of ligament stiffness on kinematics of the lumbar spine during flexion JF - BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders N2 - Background There is a wide range of mechanical properties of spinal ligaments documented in literature. Due to the fact that ligaments contribute in stabilizing the spine by limiting excessive intersegmental motion, those properties are of particular interest for the implementation in musculoskeletal models. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of varying ligament stiffness on the kinematic behaviour of the lumbar spine. Methods A musculoskeletal model with a detailed lumbar spine was modified according to fluoroscopic recordings and corresponding data files of three different subjects. For flexion, inverse dynamics analysis with a variation of the ligament stiffness matrix were conducted. The influence of several degrees of ligament stiffness on the lumbar spine model were investigated by tracking ligament forces, disc forces and resulting moments generated by the ligaments. Additionally, the kinematics of the motion segments were evaluated. Results An increase of ligament stiffness resulted in an increase of ligament and disc forces, whereas the relative change of disc force increased at a higher rate at the L4/L5 level (19 %) than at the L3/L4 (10 %) level in a fully flexed posture. The same behaviour applied to measured moments with 67 % and 45 %. As a consequence, the motion deflected to the lower levels of the lumbar spine and the lower discs had to resist an increase in loading. Conclusions Higher values of ligament stiffness over all lumbar levels could lead to a shift of the loading and the motion between segments to the lower lumbar levels. This could lead to an increased risk for the lower lumbar parts. KW - Lumbar spine KW - Ligament stiffness KW - Musculoskeletal Modeling KW - Biomechanics Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-016-0942-x VL - 17 IS - 95 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Putzer, Michael A1 - Ehrlich, Ingo A1 - Rasmussen, John A1 - Gebbeken, Norbert A1 - Dendorfer, Sebastian T1 - Sensitivity of lumbar spine loading to anatomical parameters JF - Journal of Biomechanics N2 - Musculoskeletal simulations of lumbar spine loading rely on a geometrical representation of the anatomy. However, this data has an inherent inaccuracy. This study evaluates the influence of defined geometrical parameters on lumbar spine loading utilising five parametrised musculoskeletal lumbar spine models for four different postures. The influence of the dimensions of vertebral body, disc, posterior parts of the vertebrae as well as the curvature of the lumbar spine was studied. Additionally, simulations with combinations of selected parameters were conducted. Changes in L4/L5 resultant joint force were used as outcome variable. Variations of the vertebral body height, disc height, transverse process width and the curvature of the lumbar spine were the most influential. These parameters can be easily acquired from X-rays and should be used to morph a musculoskeletal lumbar spine model for subject-specific approaches with respect to bone geometry. Furthermore, the model was very sensitive to uncommon configurations and therefore, it is advised that stiffness properties of discs and ligaments should be individualised. KW - Musculoskeletal simulation KW - Lumbar spine KW - Parameter study KW - Vertebra KW - Wirbelsäule KW - Belastung KW - Simulation Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.11.003 VL - 49 IS - 6 SP - 953 EP - 958 PB - Elsevier Science ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rauber, David A1 - Mendel, Robert A1 - Scheppach, Markus W. A1 - Ebigbo, Alanna A1 - Messmann, Helmut A1 - Palm, Christoph T1 - Analysis of Celiac Disease with Multimodal Deep Learning T2 - Bildverarbeitung für die Medizin 2022: Proceedings, German Workshop on Medical Image Computing, Heidelberg, June 26-28, 2022 N2 - Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder caused by gluten that results in an inflammatory response of the small intestine.We investigated whether celiac disease can be detected using endoscopic images through a deep learning approach. The results show that additional clinical parameters can improve the classification accuracy. In this work, we distinguished between healthy tissue and Marsh III, according to the Marsh score system. We first trained a baseline network to classify endoscopic images of the small bowel into these two classes and then augmented the approach with a multimodality component that took the antibody status into account. KW - Deep Learning KW - Endoscopy Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-36932-3_25 SP - 115 EP - 120 PB - Springer Vieweg CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reich, Katrin A1 - Dalferth, Matthias T1 - From the Placement Paradigm to Sustainable Support of Companies in the Integration of People with High-Functioning Autism - Results of an Employer Survey JF - Die Rehabilitation: Zeitschrift für Praxis und Forschung in der Rehabilitation N2 - Im Rahmen des Projektes AUT-1A wurden 123 Arbeitgeber*innen mittels Fragebogen zu ihren Erfahrungen mit der Beschäftigung von autistischen Mitarbeiter*innen befragt. Ziel war es, die beschäftigungsfördernden und -hindernden Faktoren herauszuarbeiten. Die Studie deutet darauf hin, dass sich die berufliche Qualifizierung in den Berufsbildungswerken positiv auf die nachhaltige Beschäftigung von Menschen mit Autismus-Spektrum-Diagnose (ASD) auswirkt, die Unterstützungsleistungen für Betriebe aber noch nicht hinreichend sind. Auch konnte eine mangelnde Aufklärung in Bezug auf eine autismusfreundliche Umgebungsgestaltung sowie eine mangelnde Aufklärung über die Diagnose Autismus der direkten Kolleg*innen herausgearbeitet werden. KW - Autismus KW - ASS KW - Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben KW - Arbeitgeberbefragung Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1998-6630 SN - 0034-3536 PB - Thieme ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reinker, Lukas A1 - Bläsing, Dominic A1 - Bierl, Rudolf A1 - Ulbricht, Sabina A1 - Dendorfer, Sebastian T1 - Correlation of Acceleration Curves in Gravitational Direction for Different Body Segments during High-Impact Jumping Exercises JF - sensors N2 - Osteoporosis is a common disease of old age. However, in many cases, it can be very well prevented and counteracted with physical activity, especially high-impact exercises. Wearables have the potential to provide data that can help with continuous monitoring of patients during therapy phases or preventive exercise programs in everyday life. This study aimed to determine the accuracy and reliability of measured acceleration data at different body positions compared to accelerations at the pelvis during different jumping exercises. Accelerations at the hips have been investigated in previous studies with regard to osteoporosis prevention. Data were collected using an IMU-based motion capture system (Xsens) consisting of 17 sensors. Forty-nine subjects were included in this study. The analysis shows the correlation between impacts and the corresponding drop height, which are dependent on the respective exercise. Very high correlations (0.83–0.94) were found between accelerations at the pelvis and the other measured segments at the upper body. The foot sensors provided very weak correlations (0.20–0.27). Accelerations measured at the pelvis during jumping exercises can be tracked very well on the upper body and upper extremities, including locations where smart devices are typically worn, which gives possibilities for remote and continuous monitoring of programs. KW - osteoporosis KW - inertial measurement units KW - wearable motion-tracking sensors KW - high-impact exercisess Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-58217 N1 - Corresponding author: Lukas Reinker N1 - This work was supported by the Bavarian Academic Forum [BayWISS-Verbundkolleg Gesundheit] and the DHZK fond for behavioral cardiovascular diseases [Behaviorale kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen; grand number: 81Z0400105]. VL - 23 IS - 4 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reinker, Lukas A1 - Dendorfer, Sebastian T1 - Evaluation of acceleration patterns during high-impact jumping exercises JF - Gait & Posture Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.11.051 VL - 100 IS - Supplement 1, March SP - 93 EP - 94 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Renkawitz, Tobias A1 - Weber, Tim A. A1 - Dullien, Silvia A1 - Woerner, Michael A1 - Dendorfer, Sebastian A1 - Grifka, Joachim A1 - Weber, Markus T1 - Leg length and offset differences above 5 mm after total hip arthroplasty are associated with altered gait kinematics JF - Gait & Posture N2 - We aimed to investigate the relationship between postoperative leg length/offset (LL/OS) reconstruction and gait performance after total hip arthroplasty (THA). In the course of a prospective randomized controlled trial, 60 patients with unilateral hip arthrosis received cementless THA through a minimally-invasive anterolateral surgical approach. One year post-operatively, LL and global OS restoration were analyzed and compared to the contralateral hip on AP pelvic radiographs. The combined postoperative limb length/OS reconstruction of the operated hip was categorized as restored (within 5 mm) or non-restored (more than 5 mm reduction or more than 5 mm increment). The acetabular component inclination, anteversion and femoral component anteversion were evaluated using CT scans of the pelvis and the femur. 3D gait analysis of the lower extremity and patient related outcome measures (HHS, HOOS, EQ-5D) were obtained pre-operatively, six months and twelve months post-operatively by an observer blinded to radiographic results. Component position of cup and stem was comparable between the restored and non-restored group. Combined LL and OS restoration within 5 mm resulted in higher Froude number (p < 0.001), normalized walking speed (p < 0.001) and hip range-of-motion (ROM) (p = 0.004) during gait twelve months postoperatively, whereas gait symmetry was comparable regardless of LL and OS reconstruction at both examinations. Clinical scores did not show any relevant association between the accuracy of LL or OS reconstruction and gait six/twelve months after THA. In summary, postoperative LL/OS discrepancies larger than 5 mm relate to unphysiological gait kinematics within the first year after THA. DRKS00000739, German Clinical Trials Register. KW - THA KW - Leg length KW - Offset KW - Gait analysis KW - Biomechanics Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.07.011 VL - vol. 49 SP - 196 EP - 201 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richter, Stefanie T1 - Integrated Care for People with Dementia BT - Results of a Social-Scientific Evaluation of an Established Dementia Care Model JF - Geriatrics N2 - This article presents results of the social-scientific evaluation of an established care model for people with dementia developed by the professionals as a result of acute problems in care in north-east Germany. In addition to the central elements of the model, the conditions of intersectoral and interprofessional cooperation as well as the qualification profile requirements of the professional groups involved are presented in detail. The results can give suggestions for the organization of integrated care for people with dementia in other countries. Further, the author would hereby like to highlight the gain from the scientific examination of solutions to problems in the field. KW - Demenz KW - Managed Care KW - Dementia KW - Integrated Care Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-22091 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rogge, Alize A. A1 - Baur, Isabel A1 - Blettner, Gabriele A1 - Holtkamp, Ulrike A1 - Horneber, Markus A1 - Jahn, Patrick A1 - Joos, Stefanie A1 - Keberle, Silva A1 - Kettelgerdes, Anita A1 - Klemperer, David A1 - Laengler, Alfred A1 - Voiss, Petra A1 - Weis, Joachim A1 - Witt, Claudia M. T1 - Defining Criteria for Guiding Cancer Patients to Find a Reputable Complementary Medicine Provider BT - Results of a Literature Review and a Consensus Procedure JF - Patient Preference and Adherence N2 - Purpose: Even in cases of positive evidence for complementary medicine (CM) therapies, it is still difficult for cancer patients to identify reputable providers. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a criteria list to provide guidance to cancer patients seeking a reputable CM provider. Methods: The design combined a literature review, an expert consensus procedure (n=15) and an assessment from three stakeholder perspectives (patients (n=18), CM providers (n=26) and oncology physicians (n=20)). Results: A total of 30 existing CM criteria were extracted from the literature, and 12 more were added by the experts. The main challenge was to define criteria that could easily be applied by the patients. A final comprehensive list of 8 criteria guiding cancer patients to find a reputable CM provider was developed. Conclusion: Health professionals and cancer information services might find the criteria list helpful when aiming to strengthen patients' awareness of quality-related factors associated with CM providers. The criteria developed might be helpful when standards are established for quality assurance in CM in oncology. KW - complementary medicine KW - healthcare quality assurance KW - neoplasms KW - patient-centered care KW - standards Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S230705 VL - 14 SP - 747 EP - 755 PB - DOVE MEDICAL PRESS ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rolfes, Vasilija A1 - Bittner, Uta A1 - Fangerau, Heiner A1 - Weber, Karsten T1 - Is it all about revising, correcting, and transferring genes? JF - The American Journal of Bioethics Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2020.1782526 VL - 20 IS - 8 SP - 30 EP - 32 PB - Taylor & Francis ER - TY - GEN A1 - Roser, David A1 - Meinikheim, Michael A1 - Mendel, Robert A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Probst, Andreas A1 - Muzalyova, Anna A1 - Scheppach, Markus W. A1 - Nagl, Sandra A1 - Schnoy, Elisabeth A1 - Römmele, Christoph A1 - Schulz, Dominik Andreas Helmut Otto A1 - Schlottmann, Jakob A1 - Prinz, Friederike A1 - Rauber, David A1 - Rückert, Tobias A1 - Matsumura, Tomoaki A1 - Fernandez-Esparrach, G. A1 - Parsa, Nasim A1 - Byrne, Michael F. A1 - Messmann, Helmut A1 - Ebigbo, Alanna T1 - Human-Computer Interaction: Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the diagnostic confidence of endoscopists assessing videos of Barrett’s esophagus T2 - Endoscopy N2 - Aims Human-computer interactions (HCI) may have a relevant impact on the performance of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Studies show that although endoscopists assessing Barrett’s esophagus (BE) with AI improve their performance significantly, they do not achieve the level of the stand-alone performance of AI. One aspect of HCI is the impact of AI on the degree of certainty and confidence displayed by the endoscopist. Indirectly, diagnostic confidence when using AI may be linked to trust and acceptance of AI. In a BE video study, we aimed to understand the impact of AI on the diagnostic confidence of endoscopists and the possible correlation with diagnostic performance. Methods 22 endoscopists from 12 centers with varying levels of BE experience reviewed ninety-six standardized endoscopy videos. Endoscopists were categorized into experts and non-experts and randomly assigned to assess the videos with and without AI. Participants were randomized in two arms: Arm A assessed videos first without AI and then with AI, while Arm B assessed videos in the opposite order. Evaluators were tasked with identifying BE-related neoplasia and rating their confidence with and without AI on a scale from 0 to 9. Results The utilization of AI in Arm A (without AI first, with AI second) significantly elevated confidence levels for experts and non-experts (7.1 to 8.0 and 6.1 to 6.6, respectively). Only non-experts benefitted from AI with a significant increase in accuracy (68.6% to 75.5%). Interestingly, while the confidence levels of experts without AI were higher than those of non-experts with AI, there was no significant difference in accuracy between these two groups (71.3% vs. 75.5%). In Arm B (with AI first, without AI second), experts and non-experts experienced a significant reduction in confidence (7.6 to 7.1 and 6.4 to 6.2, respectively), while maintaining consistent accuracy levels (71.8% to 71.8% and 67.5% to 67.1%, respectively). Conclusions AI significantly enhanced confidence levels for both expert and non-expert endoscopists. Endoscopists felt significantly more uncertain in their assessments without AI. Furthermore, experts with or without AI consistently displayed higher confidence levels than non-experts with AI, irrespective of comparable outcomes. These findings underscore the possible role of AI in improving diagnostic confidence during endoscopic assessment. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1782859 SN - 1438-8812 VL - 56 IS - S 02 SP - 79 PB - Georg Thieme Verlag ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Roser, David A1 - Meinikheim, Michael A1 - Muzalyova, Anna A1 - Mendel, Robert A1 - Palm, Christoph A1 - Probst, Andreas A1 - Nagl, Sandra A1 - Scheppach, Markus W. A1 - Römmele, Christoph A1 - Schnoy, Elisabeth A1 - Parsa, Nasim A1 - Byrne, Michael F. A1 - Messmann, Helmut A1 - Ebigbo, Alanna T1 - Artificial intelligence-assisted endoscopy and examiner confidence : a study on human–artificial intelligence interaction in Barrett's Esophagus (With Video) JF - DEN Open N2 - Objective Despite high stand-alone performance, studies demonstrate that artificial intelligence (AI)-supported endoscopic diagnostics often fall short in clinical applications due to human-AI interaction factors. This video-based trial on Barrett's esophagus aimed to investigate how examiner behavior, their levels of confidence, and system usability influence the diagnostic outcomes of AI-assisted endoscopy. Methods The present analysis employed data from a multicenter randomized controlled tandem video trial involving 22 endoscopists with varying degrees of expertise. Participants were tasked with evaluating a set of 96 endoscopic videos of Barrett's esophagus in two distinct rounds, with and without AI assistance. Diagnostic confidence levels were recorded, and decision changes were categorized according to the AI prediction. Additional surveys assessed user experience and system usability ratings. Results AI assistance significantly increased examiner confidence levels (p < 0.001) and accuracy. Withdrawing AI assistance decreased confidence (p < 0.001), but not accuracy. Experts consistently reported higher confidence than non-experts (p < 0.001), regardless of performance. Despite improved confidence, correct AI guidance was disregarded in 16% of all cases, and 9% of initially correct diagnoses were changed to incorrect ones. Overreliance on AI, algorithm aversion, and uncertainty in AI predictions were identified as key factors influencing outcomes. The System Usability Scale questionnaire scores indicated good to excellent usability, with non-experts scoring 73.5 and experts 85.6. Conclusions Our findings highlight the pivotal function of examiner behavior in AI-assisted endoscopy. To fully realize the benefits of AI, implementing explainable AI, improving user interfaces, and providing targeted training are essential. Addressing these factors could enhance diagnostic accuracy and confidence in clinical practice. Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/deo2.70150 VL - 6 IS - 1 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rothleitner, Christian A1 - Schlamminger, Stephan T1 - Invited Review Article: Measurements of the Newtonian constant of gravitation, G JF - Review of Scientific Instruments N2 - By many accounts, the Newtonian constant of gravitation G is the fundamental constant that is most difficult to measure accurately. Over the past three decades, more than a dozen precision measurements of this constant have been performed. However, the scatter of the data points is much larger than the uncertainties assigned to each individual measurement, yielding a Birge ratio of about five. Today, G is known with a relative standard uncertainty of 4.7 x 10(-5), which is several orders of magnitudes greater than the relative uncertainties of other fundamental constants. In this article, various methods to measure G are discussed. Alarge array of different instruments ranging from the simple torsion balance to the sophisticated atom interferometer can be used to determine G. Some instruments, such as the torsion balance can be used in several different ways. In this article, the advantages and disadvantages of different instruments as well as different methods are discussed. A narrative arc from the historical beginnings of the different methods to their modern implementation is given. Finally, the article ends with a brief overview of the current state of the art and an outlook. KW - acceleration KW - ADJUSTMENT KW - ATOM KW - BALANCE KW - CODATA RECOMMENDED VALUES KW - FORCE KW - FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS KW - INTERFEROMETRY KW - MASS KW - PRECISION-MEASUREMENT Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4994619 VL - 88 IS - 11 PB - AIP Publishing ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudolph, Clarissa T1 - Old wine in new wineskins? BT - Labour market reforms in Germany and its impact on women JF - AG About Gender : International Journal of gender studies N2 - In the mid 2000s, a fundamental labour market reform has been carried out in Germany. The so-called Hartz-reforms were supposed to implement the paradigms of “activation” and “individual responsibility”. It was also discussed, whether in this context the “adult worker model” and more gender equality in the labour market should and could be achieved. This article clarifies the reforms ambivalent impact on women: there is a stronger but only partial labour market inclusion predominantly into the low-wage sector. Women´s responsibility in private care remains unchanged. Besides, in both fields, gender equality is not only a matter of quantity but also of quality. In other words, it is not about work inclusion at any cost, but rather the circumstances for female employment must be critically analyzed. The labour market reforms have so far done little to oppose the gender specific structures of the labour market. KW - Gender Equality KW - Labour Market Reforms, KW - Gender Models KW - Low Wage Sector Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.15167/2279-5057/ag.2013.2.4.84 SN - 2279-5057 VL - 2 IS - 4 SP - 76 EP - 94 PB - Genova University Press ER -