TY - INPR A1 - Heberl, Michael A1 - Withelm, Christian A1 - Kaul, Anja A1 - Rank, Daniel A1 - Sterner, Michael T1 - Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Biological Methanation in a Trickle-Bed Pilot Plant and a Potential Scale-Up N2 - In this study, a pilot-scale trickle-bed reactor for biological methanation and various scale-up scenarios for 2023 and 2050 were investigated using LCA. A best- and worst-case scenario for technology development until 2050 was evolved using cross consistency analysis and morphological field, based on which the data for the ecological models were determined.The results show that the plant scale-up has a very positive effect on the ecological consequences of methanation. In the best-case scenario, the values are a factor of 23-780 lower than those of the actual plant today. A hot-spot analysis showed that especially electrolysis operation has a large impact on total emissions. The final Monte-Carlo simulation shows that the technology is likely to achieve a low GWP with a median of 104.0 kg CO2-eq / MWh CH4. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4635066 PB - SSRN ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Sörgel, Dominika A1 - Luderer, Gunnar A1 - Emelianova, Polina A1 - Koch, Otto A1 - Timpe, Christof A1 - Bauer, Franz A1 - Sterner, Michael T1 - Kopernikus-Szenarienvergleich - Robuste Eigenschaften von Klimaschutzpfaden zur Treibhausgasneutralität 2045 und relevante Unsicherheiten N2 - Im Rahmen der vier Kopernikus-Projekte – Ariadne, ENSURE, P2X und SynErgie – wird die Transformation des deutschen Energiesystems hin zur Klimaneutralität analysiert. Im vorliegenden Bericht werden hierbei robuste Kernaussagen und relevante Unsicherheiten derjenigen Szenarien der Kopernikus-Schwesterprojekte dargestellt, die zur Zielsetzung die Klimaneutralität 2045 haben. Hierbei liegt der Fokus auf Indikatoren, die eine besonders hohe klimapolitische Relevanz haben. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://publications.pik-potsdam.de/pubman/faces/ViewItemFullPage.jsp?itemId=item_29216 PB - Kopernikus-Projekte CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fuhrmann, Thomas A1 - Niemetz, Michael T1 - Analysis and Improvement of Engineering Exams Toward Competence Orientation by Using an AI Chatbot T2 - Towards a Hybrid, Flexible and Socially Engaged Higher Education: Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning (ICL2023), Volume 1 N2 - ChatGPT is currently one of the most advanced general chatbots. This development leads to diverse challenges in higher education, like new forms of teaching and learning, additional exam methods, new possibilities for plagiarism, and many more topics. On the other side with the development of advanced AI tools, pure knowledge will be less and less important, and demands from industry will change toward graduates with higher competencies. Education has therefore to be changed from knowledge-centered toward competence centered. The goal of this article is to use ChatGPT for analyzing and improving the competence orientation of exams in engineering education. The authors use ChatGPT to analyze exams from different engineering subjects to evaluate the performance of this chatbot and draw conclusions about the competence orientation of the tested exams. The obtained information is used to develop ideas for increasing the competence orientation of exams. From this analysis, it is visible that ChatGPT gives good performance mainly where knowledge is tested. It has, however, much more problems with transfer questions or tasks where students need creativity or complex insights for finding new solutions. Based on this result, exams and also lectures can be optimized toward competence orientation. KW - Engineering education KW - Competence orientation KW - Exam analysis KW - AI chatbot KW - ChatGPT Y1 - 2024 SN - 9783031519789 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51979-6_42 SN - 2367-3370 SP - 403 EP - 411 PB - Springer Nature CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lindner, Matthias A1 - Pipa, Andrei V. A1 - Karpen, Norbert A1 - Hink, Ruediger A1 - Berndt, Dominik A1 - Foest, Rüdiger A1 - Bonaccurso, Elmar A1 - Weichwald, Robert A1 - Friedberger, Alois A1 - Caspari, Ralf A1 - Brandenburg, Ronny A1 - Schreiner, Rupert T1 - Icing Mitigation by MEMS-Fabricated Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge JF - Applied Sciences N2 - Avoiding ice accumulation on aerodynamic components is of enormous importance to flight safety. Novel approaches utilizing surface dielectric barrier discharges (SDBDs) are expected to be more efficient and effective than conventional solutions for preventing ice accretion on aerodynamic components. In this work, the realization of SDBDs based on thin-film substrates by means of micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) technology is presented. The anti-icing performance of the MEMS SDBDs is presented and compared to SDBDs manufactured by printed circuit board (PCB) technology. It was observed that the 35 mu m thick electrodes of the PCB SDBDs favor surface icing with an initial accumulation of supercooled water droplets at the electrode impact edges. This effect was not observed for 0.3 mu m thick MEMS-fabricated electrodes indicating a clear advantage for MEMS-technology SDBDs for anti-icing applications. Titanium was identified as the most suitable material for MEMS electrodes. In addition, an optimization of the MEMS-SDBDs with respect to the dielectric materials as well as SDBD design is discussed. KW - aerospace engineering KW - anti-icing KW - DBD PLASMA ACTUATORS KW - EXCITATION KW - FLOW-CONTROL KW - low-temperature plasma KW - MEMS KW - SEPARATION CONTROL KW - SDBD Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/app112311106 N1 - Corresponding author: Matthias Lindner VL - 11 IS - 23 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Andratschke, Christin A1 - Ceullo, Laura A1 - Dawoud, Belal A1 - Draeger, Susan A1 - Gerdes, Thorsten A1 - Giebisch, Matthias A1 - Grießhammer, Peter A1 - Haas, Katharina A1 - Haug, Sonja A1 - Helling, Dominik A1 - Kominis, Lena A1 - Lang, Christian A1 - Malz, Sebastian A1 - Melzl, Johannes A1 - Michlbauer, David A1 - Mühlberger, Thomas A1 - Nagl, Klaus A1 - Preis, Michael A1 - Rechenauer, Christian A1 - Riederer, Michael A1 - Rückerl, Alexander A1 - Saller, Tobias A1 - Schnabl, Andreas A1 - Stadler, Michael A1 - Steffens, Oliver A1 - Steininger, Peter A1 - Stelzl, André A1 - Toutouly, Lovis A1 - Trauner, Matthias A1 - Vetter, Miriam A1 - Walbrunn, Johannes A1 - Weber, Karsten A1 - Zielbauer, Lukas ED - Steffens, Oliver T1 - MAGGIE: Energetische Modernisierung des genossenschaftlichen Wohnquartiers Margaretenau in Regensburg BT - Musterlösungen für solaroptimiertes Wohnen mit innovativen solaraktiven Baustoffen und einem KI-gestützten Energiemanagement für eine netzdienliche, emissionsarme Strom- und Wärmelogistik; Ergebnisbericht N2 - Im Projekt MAGGIE wurden für das genossenschaftliche historische Stadtquartier „Margaretenau“ in Regensburg Musterlösungen für energieoptimiertes Wohnen mit innovativen Wandaufbauten aus solaraktiven Baukonstruktionen und einer vorhersagebasierten Versorgungstechnologie erforscht. Dazu wurde ein bestehendes Wohngebäude als Demonstrations- und Versuchsobjekt mit einem neuartigen, besonders effizienten Hybridsystem aus Wärmepumpentechnologie und Kraft- Wärme-Kopplung ausgestattet und untersucht, ergänzt durch eine dynamische Wärmelogistik zur Verringerung von Verteilungsverlusten. Das System wurde durch ein neu entwickeltes, allgemein einsetzbares Planungs-, Optimierungs- und Steuerungstool ausgelegt und im Betrieb geregelt. Die in Echtzeit laufende Nachoptimierung des Systems während des Betriebs greift dabei auf reale Monitoringdaten zu. Die Einbindung von Nutzerbedarfsprofilen, Strombörse und Wetterdaten in die Steuerung gestattet einen dynamischen und perspektivischen Anlagenbetrieb zur Maximierung der Solar- und Umweltwärme-Anteile der Energieversorgung und leistet damit einen wirksamen Beitrag zu einem emissionsarmen, klimafreundlichen Gebäudebetrieb. Für die denkmalgerechte Modernisierung der historischen Fassaden wurde ein solaraktives und solaradaptives Außenputzsystem entwickelt und in der Realität getestet. Am Bestandsgebäude kam anstelle eines Wärmedämmverbundsystems ein innovativer Dämmputz mit Mikrohohlglaskugeln zum Einsatz. Die Skalierbarkeit erlaubt eine abschnittsweise Modernisierung des gesamten Ensembles über mehrere Jahre. Durch die hohe Energieeffizienz wird die Warmmiete für die Bewohner der genossenschaftlichen Siedlung durch die Modernisierungsmaßnahmen nicht erhöht, so dass auch nach der Modernisierung ein bezahlbares Wohnen sichergestellt wird. KW - Altbaumodernisierung KW - Energieeinsparung KW - Energiebewusstes Bauen KW - Haus Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-59011 SN - 978-3-96256-100-0 N1 - Gefördert durch einen Beschluss des Bundestages durch das Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz (BMWK); Projektlaufzeit Oktober 2017 bis Juni 2022; Förderkennzeichen 03SBE0007A–E CY - Regensburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fuhrmann, Thomas A1 - Niemetz, Michael T1 - Transdisciplinary Bachelor Course Connecting Business and Electrical Engineering T2 - 4th International Conference on Higher Education Advances (HEAd'18), 2018, Universitat Politècnica de València, València N2 - The OTH Regensburg has a broad variety of study programs in technical, business, social and health sciences. Up to now there is no integral connection in the bachelor curricula between business and technical faculties except for some small subjects. The scope of this project is to develop a new course specialization which connects engineering and business thinking. Electrical engineering students should learn basics of business science and how managers think. Business students should vice versa learn fundamentals of engineering and how engineers solve problems. Students from both faculties work together in projects where they act like start-up companies developing a new product and bringing it into the market. It is seen a transdisciplinary effect: These projects gain innovative results between the disciplines compared to student projects of one isolated discipline. Evaluation results from the first two cohorts indicate high student satisfaction, high learning success as well as directions for further improvement. KW - Business Education KW - Engineering Education KW - Project Based Learning KW - Transdisciplinary Education Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAd18.2018.8056 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steinkirchner, Alfons A1 - Fuhrmann, Thomas A1 - Niemetz, Michael T1 - Channel Coded Processor for Enhanced Safety JF - International Journal of Future Computer and Communication (IJFCC) N2 - Several concepts are known for improving processor safety, all of them having their pros and cons. Some are very resource intensive, others have limited capabilities regarding the provided error safety. In this paper we use research on channel coding of noisy communication channels known from communication theory as an analogy to random bit errors in processors. We incorporate this knowledge into processor design to suggest a new error correction concept by using channel coding in processors. The new concept of a Channel Coded Processor could provide effective implementation of redundancy by the channel coding that enables error correction. The concept could also create a complete chain of redundancy in all areas and components of the processor ranging from the code compiler through the processing hardware to the output of the information. KW - Channel coded processor concept KW - communication theory KW - safety KW - soft error Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18178/ijfcc.2017.6.2.489 SN - 2010-3751 VL - 6 IS - 2 SP - 58 EP - 62 PB - International Association of Computer Science and Information CY - Singapore ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Salama, Amgad A1 - Kou, Jisheng A1 - Dawoud, Belal A1 - Simonson, Carey T1 - A modeling approach for capillary-driven flow of a wetting fluid in a rectangular open microchannel of arbitrary axisymmetric width profile BT - Application to heat pipes JF - International Journal of Thermal Sciences N2 - Microchips are intensively used in almost all nowadays electronic devices. With the continuous advancement of our technologies, they get smaller in size than ever before. They generate high-intensity heat loads that need to be transported effectively such that they may function properly. Heat pipes have proven to be very effective in transporting relatively large heat loads from miniature components. They are of seamless structure that involves a working fluid capable of evaporation and condensation at the working temperature of the electronic chips. The working fluid is derived to move from the condenser to the evaporator via multiple microgrooves using capillary forces. It is important that the condensate reaches the evaporator at a proper rate such that no dry-out or flooding occur. In this work, we are particularly interested in the case of capillary-driven flows in rectangular microchannels. A generalized model is developed that works for axe-symmetric rectangular channels of arbitrary, moderately varying width profiles. It also accounts for any contrast of viscosity between the liquid and the vapor under isothermal conditions. The model shows to reduce to the special case of imbibition in straight and uniform microchannels, for which comparisons with experimental and modeling works show an excellent match. Cases representing linearly and quadratically varying converging/diverging width profiles have been explored. It is found that the viscosity ratio has a significant influence on the rate at which the meniscus advances. The model also negates the common practice found in the literature of using the formula developed for imbibition rates in capillary tubes for rectangular microchannels by replacing the diameter of the tube with the hydraulic diameter. It is also found that the channel profile has an influential effect on the imbibition rates. For tapered microchannels, the capillary force increases along the channel length while it decreases for diverging ones. It is interestingly demonstrated that, for quadratically tapered microchannel, the speed of the meniscus increases towards the end of the microchannel compared with linearly varying microchannels. On the other hand, for diverging microchannels, the speed of the meniscus decreases due to the increase in the cross-sectional area. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis has been conducted to provide a framework for confirmation and verification for which very good match has been established, which builds confidence in the modeling approach. KW - Microfluidics KW - Miniature devices KW - Capillary-driven flows KW - Microchannels KW - Heat pipes Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2023.108622 SN - 1290-0729 VL - 195 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zenger, Gerhard A1 - Kenner, Susanne A1 - Volbert, Klaus A1 - Waas, Thomas A1 - Kucera, Markus T1 - Acquiring energy data from a medium-voltage grid for future smart grid solutions: A practical smart grid application example realized by use of cellular communication networks of the 2nd and 3rd generation T2 - Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Intelligent Solutions in Embedded Systems (WISES), 10-11 Sept. 2013, Pilsen, Czech Republic N2 - In this paper we present a practical example of the use of Cellular Communication standards like GPRS and UMTS in a Smart Grid Application. For a more detailed view we demonstrate a possible implementation of Cellular Communication Technologies in a data acquisition application for the collection of energy indicators in a medium-voltage grid. Furthermore, we show a technical overview of relevant and common mobile communication standards available in Germany. The included theoretical examples, Smart Grid scenarios, presented data and results are based on a research project for intelligent power regulation in medium-voltage grids performed in Regensburg (Germany). It is a joint project' of the University of Applied Sciences Regensburg together with a local energy provider and a manufacturer for distribution network systems. KW - Mobile communication KW - Medium voltage KW - Standards KW - Smart grids KW - Feeds KW - Ground penetrating radar Y1 - 2013 UR - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6664954 SN - 978-3-00-042899-9 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kenner, Susanne A1 - Thaler, Raphael A1 - Kucera, Markus A1 - Volbert, Klaus A1 - Waas, Thomas T1 - Smart Grid architecture for monitoring and analyzing, including modbus and REST performance comparison T2 - International Workshop on Intelligent Solutions in Embedded Systems (WISES), 12th, 29.-30. Oct. 2015, Ancona, Italy N2 - Smart Grid, Smart Metering, Electromobility and the regulation of the power network are keywords of the transition in energy policies. In the future, the power grid will be smart. Due to this the OTH Regensburg does research in this area based on different projects. This paper presents a data collection, analyzing and monitoring software for a reference Smart Grid. We discuss two possible architectures for collecting data from energy analyzers. The performance is analyzed with respect to real-time monitoring, analyzing load peaks and automated regulation of the power grid. KW - Software KW - Computer architecture KW - Smart grids KW - Protocols KW - Databases KW - Servers KW - TCPIP Y1 - 2015 UR - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7356988 SN - 978-8-8875-4808-2 SP - 96 ER -