TY - RPRT A1 - Sörgel, Dominika A1 - Luderer, Gunnar A1 - Emelianova, Polina A1 - Koch, Otto A1 - Timpe, Christof A1 - Bauer, Franz A1 - Sterner, Michael T1 - Kopernikus-Szenarienvergleich - Robuste Eigenschaften von Klimaschutzpfaden zur Treibhausgasneutralität 2045 und relevante Unsicherheiten N2 - Im Rahmen der vier Kopernikus-Projekte – Ariadne, ENSURE, P2X und SynErgie – wird die Transformation des deutschen Energiesystems hin zur Klimaneutralität analysiert. Im vorliegenden Bericht werden hierbei robuste Kernaussagen und relevante Unsicherheiten derjenigen Szenarien der Kopernikus-Schwesterprojekte dargestellt, die zur Zielsetzung die Klimaneutralität 2045 haben. Hierbei liegt der Fokus auf Indikatoren, die eine besonders hohe klimapolitische Relevanz haben. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://publications.pik-potsdam.de/pubman/faces/ViewItemFullPage.jsp?itemId=item_29216 PB - Kopernikus-Projekte CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gamisch, Bernd A1 - Ettengruber, Stefan A1 - Gaderer, Matthias A1 - Dawoud, Belal T1 - Dynamic simulation of isothermal and non-isothermal reduction and oxidation reactions of iron oxide for a hydrogen storage process JF - Renewable and Sustainable Energy N2 - This work aims first to develop a dynamic lumped model for the isothermal reactions of hydrogen/steam with a single iron oxide/iron pellet inside a tubular reactor and to validate the model results against the experimental reaction kinetic data with the help of our STA device. To describe the temporal change in mass, and consequently, the temporal heat of reaction, the shrinking core model, based on the geometrical contracting sphere, is applied. It turned out that, the simulation model can reproduce the experimental, temporal concentration and temperature-dependent conversion rates with a maximum deviation of 4.6% during the oxidation reactions and 3.1% during the reduction reactions. In addition, a measured isothermal storage process comprising one reduction and one oxidation phase with a holding phase in between on a single reacting pellet could be reproduced with a maximum absolute deviation in the conversion rate of 1.5%. Moreover, a lumped, non-isothermal simulation model for a pelletized tubular redox-reactor including 2kg of iron oxide pellets has been established, in which the heat of reaction, heat transfer to the ambient and heat transfer between the solid and gas phases are considered. The temporal courses of the outlet gas concentration as well as the temperatures of the gas stream and the solid material at a constant input gas flow rate and a constant reacting gas inlet concentration but different input gas temperatures are estimated. Because of the endothermic nature of the reduction reaction, the inlet reacting gas temperature shall be kept high to prevent the severe temperature drop in the solid phase and, consequently, the significant reduction of the reaction rate. Contrary to that, the oxidation process requires lower input gas temperatures to avoid the excessive overheating of the reaction mass and, consequently, the sintering of the reacting pellets. Finally, five of the previous reactors have been connected in series to explore the influence of the changing inlet gas temperatures and concentrations on the dynamic performance of each storage mass. KW - hydrogen storage KW - iron/iron oxide KW - redox reactions KW - lumped model KW - isothermal reactions KW - non-isothermal reactions KW - kinetics of reactions KW - Aspen Custom Modeler Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.55092/rse20230004 N1 - Corresponding author: Belal Dawoud VL - 1 IS - 1 PB - ELSP, International Open Science Platform ER - TY - INPR A1 - Takayasu, Anna A1 - Weikl, Simone A1 - Dahmen, Victoria A1 - Bogenberger, Klaus T1 - Impact of Travel Stress and Infrastructure Quality on Cycling Mode Share: Insights From Multimodal Trajectory and Survey Data Analysis N2 - This study explores the relationship between travel stress, infrastructure quality, and cycling mode share. Utilizing multimodal trajectory data, survey responses on travel stress, and detailed road network information with geological and bicycle facility data, the study analyzes correlations between actual and perceived infrastructure quality, travel stress, and cycling mode share, as well as the impact of travel time and distance on cycling mode share. The results indicate significant correlations between perceived infrastructure quality and travel stress levels, and between travel stress levels and cycling mode share, particularly among regular bike users. However, clear correlations between actual and perceived infrastructure quality, and between perceived infrastructure quality and cycling mode share, were not observed. Additionally, direct effects of travel time and distance on cycling mode share were not evident. From these findings, three main insights emerge. Firstly, accurately estimating cycling mode share requires considering multiple parameters beyond travel time and distance. Secondly, to implement effective measures for bicycle facilities, a detailed analysis of perceived infrastructure quality, incorporating actual infrastructure design, is crucial. Lastly, travel stress, when carefully assessed with consideration of various factors beyond infrastructure design, emerges as a key determinant of travel mode choice. These insights have significant implications for future cycling research, including the development of travel mode choice models and estimating cycling demand. The study's valuable contributions advance efforts to promote cycling as a sustainable and preferred mode of transportation. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.30696.85766 PB - Researchgate ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Liwen A1 - Lange, Klaus W. T1 - Planning Principles for Integrating Community Empowerment into Zero-Net Carbon Transformation JF - smart cities N2 - The adoption of the UN 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals is a landmark in international sustainability politics. For example, Europe has set ambitious targets to achieve 100 climate-neutral and smart cities by 2030. However, numerous case studies from different countries have found that accelerating the transition to net-zero carbon emissions is easily hampered by the lack of a coherent systems framework, and that implementation gaps remain at the community level. These barriers are often due to a lack of an adequate end-user (i.e., household) input and early planning participation. This work therefore aims to improve on conventional planning methods that do not reflect innovative technologies with uncertainty and may not be applicable due to the lack of community empowerment, which is a dynamic learning and intervention opportunity for end-users at different planning stages (i.e., outreach, survey, planning, implementation, management, and maintenance). Using the lessons learned from participatory action research, whereby the author was involved as a project director throughout the planning and design process, we identified a six-step cycle principle. The steps are (1) collective action commitments, (2) local values and resource identification, (3) carbon footprint inventory, (4) optimized integration of environment, economy, and energy action plans, (5) Flexible strategic energy system plans, and (6) digital performance monitoring. Ultimately, the outcomes provide application support for policymakers and planners and stimulate community engagement to contribute to the achievement of zero net carbon emissions. T2 - Planungsprinzipien für die Integration von Community Empowerment in die Zero-Net Carbon Transformation KW - social science KW - environmental planning KW - responsible research innovation KW - public–private partnerships KW - low-carbon communities KW - participatory action research KW - collective actions Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-57765 VL - 2023 IS - 6 SP - 100 EP - 122 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mikhaeil, Makram A1 - Nowak, Sebastian A1 - Palomba, Valeria A1 - Frazzica, Andrea A1 - Gaderer, Matthias A1 - Dawoud, Belal T1 - Experimental and analytical investigation of applying an asymmetric plate heat exchanger as an evaporator in a thermally driven adsorption appliance JF - Applied Thermal Engineering N2 - This communication presents an experimental and analytical study on the evaporation mechanism in a closed-structured asymmetric plate heat exchanger (PHE) employed as a stagnant water evaporator for the application in an adsorption heat transformation appliance. To this aim, an experimental unit is constructed, which comprises two identical PHEs, one acting as an vaporator/condenser and the second, as an adsorber/desorber. Two endoscopes are mounted inside the investigated evaporator to visualize the evaporation mechanism when performing adsorption-evaporation processes under different boundary conditions. It turned out that the evaporation mechanism is a partially covered, thin film evaporation. A heat transfer analysis is performed to evaluate the heat transfer coefficient of the thin film evaporation () inside the investigated evaporator, resulting in -values between 1330 and 160 [W∙m−2∙K−1] over the investigated adsorption-evaporation time. Correlating the obtained () to the film thickness and the wetted area results in -values between 0.34 and 0.78 [mm] and wetted to total area ratios of 0.78 to 0.16. Besides, an analytical model has been developed and introduced to correlate the overall evaporator heat transfer coefficient with the adsorption potential and the time rate of change of the water uptake. KW - Adsorption-evaporation KW - Evaporator KW - Plate heat exchanger KW - Thin film evaporation Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-61115 N1 - Corresponding author: Belal Dawoud IS - 228 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rauch, Johannes A1 - Brückl, Oliver T1 - Achieving Optimal Reactive Power Compensation in Distribution Grids by Using Industrial Compensation Systems JF - Electricity N2 - This paper presents a method for integrating industrial consumers owning compensation systems as alternative reactive power sources into grid operating processes. In remuneration, they receive a market-based provision of reactive power. The aim is to analyze the potential of reactive power compensation systems of industrial companies connected to medium-voltage (10 kV–30 kV) AC grids in order to increase the reactive power ability of distribution grids. Measurement methods and reactive power potential results of six industrial companies are presented to characterize the amount and temporal availability of their reactive power potential. The presented approach for using the decentralized reactive power potential is a centralized reactive power control method and is based on optimal power flow (OPF) calculations. An optimization algorithm based on linear programming is used to coordinate a reactive power retrieval tuned to the actual demand. The influencing quantities are the current grid status (voltage and load flow capacity reserves at grid nodes and power lines) and the current reactive power potential of the reactive power sources. The compensation impact of six measured industrial companies on an exemplary medium-voltage grid is shown by an application example. KW - Blindleistung KW - Blindleistungsmanagement KW - Industriebetriebe KW - Optimal Power Flow KW - Reactive Power Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-59139 N1 - Corresponding author: Johannes Rauch VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 78 EP - 95 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schweiberer, Philipp A1 - Rauch, Johannes A1 - Brückl, Oliver T1 - Control strategy for industrial reactive power sources depending on a specified reactive power setpoint value T2 - ETG Kongress 2023: Die Energiewende beschleunigen, 25.-26. Mai 2023, Kassel, Germany N2 - Industrial plants can provide reactive power (Q) for system- and grid-serving behavior, for which a functioning reactive power management system is essential. To make reactive power retrieval as efficient and safe as possible, the selection of reactive power sources to meet the Q-demand must consider their sensitivities and the restrictions of the industrial grid, such as operating equipment utilization or voltage limits. On this basis, a concept for a sensitivity-based control strategy that manages the reactive power retrieval of multiple reactive power sources depending on a predefined reactive power demand value is proposed. Based on the simulation of an industrial plant in the medium-voltage grid, which can provide reactive power in the form of industrial compensation systems (ICS) and generators, the operation of the algorithm is shown. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10173014/authors#authors SN - 978-3-8007-6108-1 SP - 553 EP - 558 PB - VDE VERLAG CY - Berlin ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Caspar, Stefan A1 - Dorfner, Manuel A1 - Engelmann, Uwe A1 - Erhardsberger, Ludwig A1 - Gressitzek, Tobias A1 - Michelmann, Björn A1 - Steinberger, Melanie A1 - Stuchlý, Jan ED - Meier, Hans ED - Niemetz, Michael ED - Fuhrmann, Thomas ED - Reindl, Andrea T1 - FMS-Berichte Sommersemester 2023 BT - Seminar zu aktuellen Themen der Elektro- und Informationstechnik N2 - Dieser Bericht entstand ursprünglich auf Initiative der Studierenden des damals neuen Masterstudiengangs „Elektro- und Informationstechnik (MEI)“ an der OTH Regensburg, die an der Pflichtlehrveranstaltung „Forschungsmethoden und Seminar (FMS)“ im Wintersemester 2020/21 teilnahmen. Diese Lehrveranstaltung hat das Ziel, systematisch an das wissenschaftliche Arbeiten, speziell die Wissenschaftskommunikation, heranzuführen. Daher ist im Laufe der Veranstaltung geeignete Literatur zu einem individuellen Thema zu recherchieren, sind Veröffentlichungen auf ihre Relevanz hin zu beurteilen und letztendlich gilt es eine eigene Ausarbeitung basierend auf der Literaturrecherche zu erstellen und diese in einem Vortrag zu präsentieren. Parallel dazu wird im Theorieteil die entsprechende Hinführung zu den verschiedenen Elementen der Wissenschaftskommunikation vermittelt: • Bedeutung der Wissenschaftskommunikation für die Arbeit der Ingenieure in Forschung und Entwicklung • Literaturrecherche, Suchmaschinen, Sichtung und Analyse vorhandener Publikationen, Bewertung der Qualität aufgefundener Fachliteratur, Auswahl geeigneter Materialien für die eigene Arbeit • Aufbereitung und Darstellung der recherchierten technischer Inhalte in Form einer seitenanzahlbegrenzten wissenschaftlichen Ausarbeitung • Einhalten formaler Randbedingungen bzgl. Strukturierung, einschl. Bildnachweise und Zitationsstile • Peer-review-Prozess bei wertschätzender Beurteilung der Leistung anderer • Publikumsangepasstes Aufbereiten komplexer fachlicher Inhalte mit hochschulöffentlicher Präsentation der Ergebnisse • Führen mündlicher wissenschaftlicher Diskurse Die präsentierten Themen beruhen nicht auf eigener Forschungstätigkeit, sondern sind als einführende Reviewartikel zum jeweiligen vorgegebenen technischen oder gesellschaftspolitischen Forschungsthema zu verstehen. T3 - Forschungsmethoden-Seminar - 6 KW - Elektrotechnik KW - Informationstechnik KW - Energietechnik KW - Literaturrecherche Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-77787 IS - 1 CY - Regensburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hofrichter, Andreas A1 - Rank, Daniel A1 - Heberl, Michael A1 - Sterner, Michael T1 - Determination of the optimal power ratio between electrolysis and renewable energy to investigate the effects on the hydrogen production costs JF - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy N2 - Green hydrogen via renewable powered electrolysis has a high relevance in decarbonization and supply security. Achieving economically competitive hydrogen production costs is a major challenge in times of an energy price crisis. Our objective is to show the economically optimal installed capacity of electrolysers in relation to wind and solar power so swift and credible statements can be made regarding the system design. The ratio between renewable generation and electrolysis power as well as scaling effects, operating behaviour and development of costs are considered. Hydrogen production costs are calculated for four exemplary real PV and wind sites and different ratios of electrolysis to renewable power for the year 2020. The ideal ratio for PV systems is between 14% and 73% and for wind between 3.3% and 143% for low and high full load hours. The lowest hydrogen production costs are identified at 2.53 €/kg for 50 MW wind power and 72 MW electrolysis power. The results provide plant constructors the possibility to create a cost-optimized design via an optimum ratio of electrolysis to renewable capacity. Therefore, the procedures for planning and dimensioning of selected systems can be drastically simplified. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.09.263 SN - 0360-3199 N1 - Corresponding author: Michael Heberl N1 - Corrigendum to “Determination of the optimal power ratio between electrolysis and renewable energy to investigate the effects on the hydrogen production costs” [Int J Hydrogen Energy 48 (5) (2023) 1651–1663] - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.03.128 VL - 48 IS - 5 SP - 1651 EP - 1663 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gärtner, Sebastian A1 - Rank, Daniel A1 - Heberl, Michael A1 - Gaderer, Matthias A1 - Sterner, Michael T1 - Integration of Power-To-Methane into Glass Melting Processes T2 - Proceedings of the International Renewable Energy Storage Conference (IRES 2022) N2 - The glass industry is facing increased challenges regarding climate protection targets and rising energy costs. The integration of renewable energy including conversion and storage is a key for both challenges in this energy-intensive industrial sector, which has been mainly relying on fossil gas so far. The options considered to this point for reducing CO2 emissions and switching to a renewable energy supply involve far-reaching changes of the established melting processes. This entails significant risks in terms of influences on glass quality and stable production volumes. The presented approach for the integration of a Power-to-Methane (PtM) system into the glass industry is a completely new concept and has not been considered in detail before. It allows the use of established oxyfuel melting processes, the integration of fluctuating renewable energy sources and a simultaneous reduction of CO2 emissions by more than 78%. At the same time, natural gas purchases become obsolete. A techno-economic evaluation of the complete PtM process shows, that 1,76 €/m3 or 1,26 €/kg synthetic natural gas are possible with renewable energy supply. Using electricity from the energy grid would require electricity prices < 0,126 €/kWh to allow cost competitive PtM processes in the glass industry. Such electricity prices could be achieved by electricity market-based optimization and operation of the PtM system. This operation strategy would require AI-based algorithms predicting availabilities and prices on future-based markets. KW - Power-to-Gas KW - Methanation KW - Glass Melting KW - Glass Industry KW - Decarbonisation Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-156-2_12 SN - 2589-4943 VL - 16 SP - 147 EP - 161 PB - Atlantis Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tremmel, Florian A1 - Nagler, Oliver A1 - Kutter, Christoph A1 - Holmer, Rainer T1 - Smart Cantilever Probe with Integrated Force and Acoustic Emission Sensor T2 - 2023 IEEE SENSORS, Vienna, Austria, 10/29/2023 - 11/1/2023 N2 - Acoustic emission (AE) testing recently found its application in the wafer testing sector of the semiconductor industry. To find out the mechanical robustness of semiconductor devices, contact pads on the chip surface are intentionally overstressed with an indenter tip and the appearing oxide cracks are detected with help of the generated AE signals. This is done in a customized test bench with a patented sensor-indenter system. This paper presents an improved version of the measurement setup that solves certain disadvantages of it and can be used in a standard wafer prober. The main components of the developed sensor system are a strain gauge for contact force measurement and a piezoelectric sensor element for AE signal detection. Both components are integrated on a cantilever beam which has an exchangeable indenter tip at its free end. The cantilever probe is electrically conductive to enable electrical tests via the indenter tip. This smart sensor-cantilever combination (SCC) can be mounted with several adapter components on a carrier plate to place it in a wafer prober. For both sensor elements amplifier circuits are developed to enhance their signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). A prototype setup is shown together with simulated and experimental results to demonstrate its performance. The mechanical properties of the cantilever, as well as the force sensor and the AE crack signals, already fulfill the requirements for an implementation in a wafer prober. To further improve the sensor resolutions and detection limits, several optimizations regarding the design of the SCC are in progress. KW - Acoustic emission testing KW - piezoelectric sensor KW - strain gauge KW - operational amplifier circuit Y1 - 2023 SN - 979-8-3503-0387-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS56945.2023.10325021 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - IEEE ER - TY - INPR A1 - Heberl, Michael A1 - Withelm, Christian A1 - Kaul, Anja A1 - Rank, Daniel A1 - Sterner, Michael T1 - Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Biological Methanation in a Trickle-Bed Pilot Plant and a Potential Scale-Up N2 - In this study, a pilot-scale trickle-bed reactor for biological methanation and various scale-up scenarios for 2023 and 2050 were investigated using LCA. A best- and worst-case scenario for technology development until 2050 was evolved using cross consistency analysis and morphological field, based on which the data for the ecological models were determined.The results show that the plant scale-up has a very positive effect on the ecological consequences of methanation. In the best-case scenario, the values are a factor of 23-780 lower than those of the actual plant today. A hot-spot analysis showed that especially electrolysis operation has a large impact on total emissions. The final Monte-Carlo simulation shows that the technology is likely to achieve a low GWP with a median of 104.0 kg CO2-eq / MWh CH4. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4635066 N1 - Der Aufsatz wurde peer-reviewd veröffentlich und ist ebenfalls in diesem Repositorium verzeichnet unter: https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-oth-regensburg/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7349 PB - SSRN ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rill, Georg A1 - Schuderer, Matthias T1 - A Second-Order Dynamic Friction Model Compared to Commercial Stick–Slip Models JF - Modelling N2 - Friction has long been an important issue in multibody dynamics. Static friction models apply appropriate regularization techniques to convert the stick inequality and the non-smooth stick–slip transition of Coulomb’s approach into a continuous and smooth function of the sliding velocity. However, a regularized friction force is not able to maintain long-term stick. That is why dynamic friction models were developed in recent decades. The friction force depends herein not only on the sliding velocity but also on internal states. The probably best-known representative, the LuGre friction model, is based on a fictitious bristle but realizes a too-simple approximation. The recently published second-order dynamic friction model describes the dynamics of a fictitious bristle more accurately. It is based on a regularized friction force characteristic, which is continuous and smooth but can maintain long-term stick due to an appropriate shift in the regularization. Its performance is compared here to stick–slip friction models, developed and launched not long ago by commercial multibody software packages. The results obtained by a virtual friction test-bench and by a more practical festoon cable system are very promising. Thus, the second-order dynamic friction model may serve not only as an alternative to the LuGre model but also to commercial stick–slip models. KW - commercial stick–slip friction models KW - dynamic friction model KW - long-term stick KW - multibody dynamics Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/modelling4030021 SN - 2673-3951 N1 - Corresponding author: Georg Rill VL - 4 IS - 3 SP - 366 EP - 381 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Walter, Stefanie A1 - Schwanzer, Peter A1 - Hagen, Gunter A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Dietrich, Markus A1 - Moos, Ralf T1 - Combined Ash and Soot Monitoring for Gasoline Particulate Filters Using a Radio-Frequency-Based Sensor JF - Emission Control Science and Technology N2 - Increasingly stringent emission limits have made particulate filters necessary for gasoline engines. Similar to diesel applications, gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) can be monitored by differential pressure measurement or by the radio-frequency-based filter diagnosis (RF sensor). In addition to measuring the soot loading, ash detection is critical for monitoring the GPF over the entire vehicle lifetime. Because the RF sensor detects the filter loading through a change in the dielectric properties of the GPF, it can detect not only soot but also ash. In diesel applications, the RF sensor has already demonstrated its potential for ash detection. To verify the feasibility of simultaneous ash and soot monitoring for GPFs, filters were loaded with ash on an engine test bench and measured on a lab test bench under defined synthetic exhaust gas conditions. By evaluating resonant modes, soot and ash could be clearly distinguished, as ash mainly affects the resonant frequency, while soot also changes the quality factor due to its high dielectric losses. However, higher soot loadings could not be detected by the resonant parameters, but instead by a frequency-averaged transmission signal. While the presence of ash caused an offset in this signal, its sensitivity to soot was not affected. Thus, the influence of ash can be corrected if the signal in the soot-free filter state is known, e.g., from the behavior of the resonant parameters. Therefore, even with a continuously increasing ash loading over the lifetime of a vehicle, an accurate soot detection is possible with the RF sensor. KW - Gasoline particulate flter KW - Radio-frequency KW - Soot mass determination KW - Ash detection Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40825-023-00235-y PB - Springer ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rahim, Stefan A1 - Schumm, Leon T1 - Weather Data Cutouts for the Wasserstoffatlas (Hydrogen Map) [Data set] N2 - The cutouts are required to calculate the solar PV and wind onshore feed-in profiles of the Wasserstoffatlas. The provided cutouts are spatiotemporal subsets of the European weather data from the ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis dataset and the CMSAF SARAH-2 solar surface radiation dataset for the year 2013. They have been prepared by and are for use with the atlite tool (https://atlite.readthedocs.io/). ECMWF ERA5 Source: https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview Terms of Use: https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/api/v2/terms/static/20180314_Copernicus_License_V1.1.pdf CMSAF SARAH-2 Pfeifroth, Uwe; Kothe, Steffen; Müller, Richard; Trentmann, Jörg; Hollmann, Rainer; Fuchs, Petra; Werscheck, Martin (2017): Surface Radiation Data Set - Heliosat (SARAH) - Edition 2, Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring, DOI:10.5676/EUM_SAF_CM/SARAH/V002, https://doi.org/10.5676/EUM_SAF_CM/SARAH/V002 Terms of Use: https://www.eumetsat.int/cs/idcplg?IdcService=GET_FILE&dDocName=pdf_leg_data_policy&allowInterrupt=1&noSaveAs=1&RevisionSelectionMethod=LatestReleased Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135586 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rauch, Johannes A1 - Brückl, Oliver A1 - Engel, Bernd ED - Schulz, Detlef, T1 - Optimal Reactive Power Planning by covering deficient voltage demands with additional reactive power sources using a sensitivity approach T2 - NEIS 2023 : Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems, Hamburg, September 4 – 5, 2023 N2 - The determination of the optimal location, types and size of additional required reactive power sources is a main interest of Reactive Power Planning (RPP) investigations and of this paper. The planning problem addresses the maintenance of voltage stability, which is an ancillary service in Germany, and can be formulated as a mixed-integer optimization prob-lem. The aim of this work is a techno-economically efficient coverage of the deficient steady state voltage deviation demands (VDD) by placing new reactive power sources with adequate size or extending the reactive power potential of existing sources. An optimization model is set up to solve the planning problem by using load flow voltage sensitivities, which quantify and evaluate the technical efficiency of new reactive power sources in relation to the present voltage deviation demands. Operating and investment costs are used as economic decision parameters. Within an application example, which is carried out with an exemplary transmission system, the solution of the planning problem is discussed. KW - reactive power planning KW - voltage control KW - optimal power flow KW - sensitivity analysis KW - system planning Y1 - 2023 UR - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10556672 SN - 978-3-8007-6134-0 SP - 223 EP - 230 PB - VDE Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - THES A1 - Mühlbauer, Christian T1 - Entwicklung einer Methodik zur Bewertung und Optimierung des vibroakustischen Verhaltens von Kraftstoffeinspritzsystemen N2 - Die vorliegende Dissertation befasst sich mit der akustischen Analyse von Kraftstoffein-spritzsystemen und deren NVH-Optimierung mithilfe ansteuerungstechnischer Maßnahmen. Da sich der Körper- und Luftschall beim Betrieb des Verbrennungsmotors mit anderen, nicht untersuchungsrelevanten Geräuschkomponenten überlagert, ist im Vollmotorbetrieb eine diffe-renzierte komponentenbasierte Geräuschmessung nicht möglich. Deshalb wurde ein NVH-Sys-temprüfstand entwickelt, der eine isolierte akustische Vermessung von Einspritzsystemen im seriennahen Systemverbund ermöglicht. Die Betriebsparameter des Einspritzsystems wurden an einem Vollmotor in einem leerlaufna-hen Motorbetriebspunkt erfasst und mithilfe eines speziellen Entwicklungssteuergeräts auf den NVH-Systemprüfstand transferiert. Ausgehend von dem definierten Referenzbetriebspunkt wurden sowohl die Randbedingungen als auch die Ansteuerstrategie variiert und deren Einfluss auf das akustische Verhalten analysiert. Dabei zeigten primär der Raildruck und die Anzahl der Einspritzungen einen ausgeprägten Einfluss auf die betrachteten (psycho-)akustischen Parame-ter Schalldruckpegel, Lautheit, Schärfe und Impulshaltigkeit. Zur akustischen Optimierung der mechatronischen Komponenten wurden zum einen der An-steuerstrom reduziert und zum anderen ein Bremsimpuls am Ende der Ansteuerung implemen-tiert. Dadurch konnten die mechanischen Prellereignisse deutlich reduziert werden. Mithilfe eines Einspritzratenmessgeräts wurde allerdings nachgewiesen, dass sich die Optimierungs-maßnahmen insbesondere auf die Streuung der eingespritzten Kraftstoffmasse negativ auswir-ken und damit ein Zielkonflikt aus Geräuschqualität und Primärfunktionen entsteht. Als signi-fikanter Kipppunkt wurde bei den Injektoren der Übergang vom linearen Vollhub-Betrieb zum ballistischen Teilhub-Betrieb identifiziert. Aus diesem Grund wurde die elektrische Ansteue-rung unter der Voraussetzung des Injektor-Vollhub-Betriebs optimiert. Bei der Beurteilung des Einflusses der NVH-optimierten Ansteuerprofile auf die Robustheit der mechatronischen Komponenten wirkten sich eine niedrige Versorgungsspannung sowie eine kurze Ansteuerdauer der Injektoren besonders negativ auf die Streuung der eingespritzten Kraftstoffmasse aus. Vor allem in Verbindung mit der stromreduzierten Ansteuerung wurden die Injektoren nicht mehr zuverlässig und reproduzierbar im Voll-Hub geöffnet. Weiterhin wur-den durch die Bremspuls-Applikation injektorspezifische Abweichungen im Schließverhalten weiter verstärkt und erhöhten damit auch die Abweichungen der mittleren eingespritzten Kraft-stoffmasse zwischen den untersuchten Injektor-Exemplaren. Abschließend wurde die Übertragbarkeit des Systemverhaltens ermittelt, indem die Optimie-rungsmaßnahmen auf einen weiteren Versuchsträger ausgeweitet wurden. Dabei zeigte sich, dass die Maßnahmen zwar grundsätzlich übertragbar waren, aber die Parametrierung bezüglich Ansteuerstromreduzierung und Bremspuls-Applikation zum Teil stark angepasst werden mussten. N2 - The present dissertation deals with the acoustic analysis of fuel injection systems and their NVH optimization by means of control measures. Since the structure-borne and airborne sound dur-ing operation of the combustion engine is superimposed with other noise components that are not relevant for the analysis, a differentiated component-based noise measurement is not possi-ble in full engine operation. For this reason, an NVH system test bench has been developed that enables isolated acoustic measurements of fuel injection systems in a near-series system com-pound. The operating parameters of the injection system were recorded on a full engine at an engine operating point close to idle and transferred to the NVH system test bench by means of a special development control unit. Beginning from the defined reference operating point, both the boundary conditions and the control strategy were varied and their influence on the acoustic behavior analyzed. Primarily, the rail pressure and the number of injections had a distinct in-fluence on the (psycho-)acoustic parameters considered: sound pressure level, loudness, sharp-ness and impulsiveness. To optimize the mechatronic components acoustically, the control current was reduced and a braking pulse was implemented at the end of the control. This significantly reduced the me-chanical bounce events. However, using an injection rate measurement device revealed that the optimization measures had a particularly negative effect on the scattering of the injected fuel mass, resulting in a trade-off between noise quality and performance. To this, the shift from linear full-stroke operation to ballistic partial-stroke operation of the injectors was identified as a significant tipping point. Therefore, the electrical control was optimized under the condition of injector full stroke operation. Considering the influence of the NVH optimized control profiles on the robustness of the mech-atronic components, particularly a low supply voltage and a short control duration of the injec-tors showed a negative effect on the scattering of the injected fuel mass. Especially in combi-nation with the reduced control current, the injectors were no longer able to open reliably and reproducibly in the full stroke. Additionally, the brake pulse application further increased in-jector-specific deviations in the closing behavior and thus increased the deviations of the mean injected fuel mass between the injector samples investigated. Finally, the transferability of the system behavior was determined by extending the optimization measures to another demonstrator. It turned out that the measures were generally transferable, but the parameterization with regard to control current reduction and brake pulse application had to be adapted considerably in some cases. KW - Brennstoffe KW - Explosivstoffe KW - Kraftstoffe KW - Technik der Verkehrsmittel Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:gbv:ma9:1-1981185920-1115312 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Prem, Nina T1 - Magnetically enhanced photoconductive high voltage control JF - ISSS Journal of Micro and Smart Systems N2 - The recent surge of interest in electrostatic actuators, particularly for soft robotic applications, has placed increasing demands on high voltage control technology. In this respect, optoelectronic bidirectional switching and analogue regulation of high voltages is becoming increasingly important. One common problem is the leakage current due to dark resistance of the material or device used. Another is the physical size of such elements. However, their ability to provide galvanic separation makes them a very attractive alternative to conventional (wired) semiconductor elements. This paper gives an overview of available methods and devices before introducing a concept based on the combination of photoresistive and magnetoresistive effects in Gallium Arsenide that are potentially applicable to other semiconductor materials. KW - GaAs KW - High voltage actuators KW - Magnetoresistance KW - Opto-sensors KW - Photoconduction KW - Soft robotics Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-30606 N1 - Corresponding author: Gareth J. Monkman VL - 11 SP - 317 EP - 328 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Lermer, Valentin josef A1 - Heiß, Simon A1 - Gierl, Philipp A1 - Rappl, Veronika A1 - Ardaya-Lieb, Samuel A1 - Möhring, Christoph A1 - Solisch, Matthias A1 - Solisch, Tobias A1 - Garschhammer, Kilian A1 - Kammerl, Andreas A1 - Kolb, Moritz A1 - Hohenadler, Franz A1 - Reber, Luis A1 - Hartwig, Anton A1 - Schaller, Jonas A1 - Meyer, Katrin A1 - Lausser, Florian ED - Meier, Hans ED - Niemetz, Michael ED - Fuhrmann, Thomas ED - Reindl, Andrea T1 - FMS-BERICHTE SOMMERSEMESTER 2022 BT - Seminar zu aktuellen Themen der Elektro- und Informationstechnik N2 - Dieser Bericht entstand im Rahmen der Lehrveranstaltung „Forschungsmethoden und Seminar (FMS)“ im Sommersemester 2022 auf Initiative der Studierenden des Masterstudiengangs „Elektro- und Informationstechnik (MEI)“. Diese Lehrveranstaltung hat das Ziel, systematisch an das wissenschaftliche Arbeiten, speziell die Wissenschaftskommunikation, heranzuführen. Daher war geeignete Literatur zu einem individuellen Thema zu recherchieren, Veröffentlichungen auf ihre Relevanz hin zu beurteilen und letztendlich eine eigene Ausarbeitung basierend auf der Literaturrecherche zu erarbeiten und diese in einem Vortrag zu präsentieren. Parallel dazu erfolgte im Theorieteil die entsprechende Hinführung zu den verschiedenen Elementen der Wissenschaftskommunikation: • Bedeutung der Wissenschaftskommunikation für die Arbeit der Ingenieure in Forschung und Entwicklung • Literaturrecherche, Suchmaschinen, Sichtung und Analyse vorhandener Publikationen, Bewertung der Qualität aufgefundener Fachliteratur, Auswahl geeigneter Materialien für die eigene Arbeit • Aufbereitung und Darstellung der recherchierten technischer Inhalte in Form einer seitenanzahlbegrenzten wissenschaftlichen Ausarbeitung • Einhalten formaler Randbedingungen bzgl. Strukturierung, einschl. Bildnachweise und Zitationsstile • Peer-review-Prozess bei wertschätzender Beurteilung der Leistung anderer • Publikumsangepasstes Aufbereiten komplexer fachlicher Inhalte mit hochschulöffentlicher Präsentation der Ergebnisse • Führen mündlicher wissenschaftlicher Diskurse Nachdem die Masterstudierenden in der Regel über noch keine eigene wissenschaftliche Forschungserfahrung bzw. -inhalte verfügen, lag der wählbare Schwerpunkt der Literatursuche auf der Bearbeitung von vorgegeben aktuellen technischen oder gesellschaftspolitischen Forschungsthemen. T3 - Forschungsmethoden-Seminar - 4 KW - Literaturrecherche KW - Energietechnik KW - Informationstechnik KW - Elektrotechnik KW - Angewandte Wissenschaften Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-54685 CY - Regensburg ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Bräuer, Armin A1 - Zwick, Christian A1 - Reif, Florian A1 - Kick, Andreas A1 - Albrecht, Manuel A1 - Mayer, Christoph A1 - Baddour, Mahmoud A1 - Stober, Lukas A1 - Kirmeier, Andreas A1 - Griesbeck, Sebastian A1 - Reger, Simon ED - Meier, Hans ED - Niemetz, Michael ED - Fuhrmann, Thomas ED - Reindl, Andrea T1 - FMS-BERICHTE WINTERSEMESTER 2021/2022 BT - Seminar zu aktuellen Themen der Elektro- und Informationstechnik N2 - Dieser Bericht entstand im Rahmen der Lehrveranstaltung „Forschungsmethoden und Seminar (FMS)“ im Wintersemester 2021/22 auf Initiative der Studierenden des Masterstudiengangs „Elektro- und Informationstechnik (MEI)“. Diese Lehrveranstaltung hat das Ziel, systematisch an das wissenschaftliche Arbeiten, speziell die Wissenschaftskommunikation, heranzuführen. Daher war geeignete Literatur zu einem individuellen Thema zu recherchieren, Veröffentlichungen auf ihre Relevanz hin zu beurteilen und letztendlich eine eigene Ausarbeitung basierend auf der Literaturrecherche zu erarbeiten und diese in einem Vortrag zu präsentieren. Parallel dazu erfolgte im Theorieteil die entsprechende Hinführung zu den verschiedenen Elementen der Wissenschaftskommunikation: • Bedeutung der Wissenschaftskommunikation für die Arbeit der Ingenieure in Forschung und Entwicklung • Literaturrecherche, Suchmaschinen, Sichtung und Analyse vorhandener Publikationen, Bewertung der Qualität aufgefundener Fachliteratur, Auswahl geeigneter Materialien für die eigene Arbeit • Aufbereitung und Darstellung der recherchierten technischer Inhalte in Form einer seitenanzahlbegrenzten wissenschaftlichen Ausarbeitung • Einhalten formaler Randbedingungen bzgl. Strukturierung, einschl. Bildnachweise und Zitationsstile • Peer-review-Prozess bei wertschätzender Beurteilung der Leistung anderer • Publikumsangepasstes Aufbereiten komplexer fachlicher Inhalte mit hochschulöffentlicher Präsentation der Ergebnisse • Führen mündlicher wissenschaftlicher Diskurse Nachdem die Masterstudierenden in der Regel über noch keine eigene wissenschaftliche Forschungserfahrung bzw. -inhalte verfügen, lag der wählbare Schwerpunkt der Literatursuche auf der Bearbeitung von vorgegeben aktuellen technischen oder gesellschaftspolitischen Forschungsthemen. T3 - Forschungsmethoden-Seminar - 3 KW - Elektrotechnik KW - Informationstechnik KW - Angewandte Wissenschaften KW - Literaturrecherche KW - Energietechnik Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-54371 CY - Regensburg ER -