TY - JOUR A1 - Dawoud, Belal T1 - Water vapor adsorption kinetics on small and full scale zeolite coated adsorbers; A comparison JF - Applied thermal engineering N2 - A possibility to enhance both heat and mass transfer characteristics of an adsorber heat exchanger is to apply the adsorbent directly to its surface in form of a consolidated layer. As the majority of the available publications on the effect of both coating technology and adsorbent layer thickness on the adsorption kinetics deals with small scale adsorbent samples, the results obtained can only represent the best case design of an adsorber heat exchanger. This article presents, therefore, a comparison between the adsorption kinetics of water vapour on small as well as two different full scale coated adsorber heat exchanger types with AQSOA-Z02 layers of Mitsubishi Plastics Incorporation under quasi isobaric conditions of adsorption heat pumps. The small scale coated samples have a zeolite dry mass of 200 mg and layer thicknesses of 200, 300 and 500 μm while the full scale adsorbers have a coated zeolite mass between 1.5 and 2.5 kg and layer thicknesses of 150, 200, 300, 400 and 500 μm. In the investigated adsorption heat pump module, up to 52.7 and 57.3% of the equilibrium differential water loading measured with the small scale coated substrates have been obtained after an adsorption-evaporation times of 300 and 600 s, respectively. KW - Adsorbent coating KW - Adsorption heat pump KW - Adsorption kinetics KW - AQSOA-Z02 Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2011.07.013 VL - 50 IS - 2 SP - 1645 EP - 1651 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Sterner, Michael A1 - Bauer, Franz A1 - Hofrichter, Andreas A1 - Heberl, Michael T1 - Systemanalyse und -integration Power-to-X im Kontext von erneuerbarer Elektrizität als Primärenergie (SPIKE) N2 - Durch das in Paris beschlossene Ziel, die globale mittlere Temperatur auf deutlich unter 2 Grad Celsius gegenüber dem vorindustriellen Niveau zu begrenzen, ist ein Ausstieg aus der Nutzung fossiler Energieträger und Rohstoffe bis zum Jahr 2050 notwendig (WBGU 2016). Daher hat sich die Bundesregierung das Ziel gesetzt, bis zur Mitte des Jahrhunderts eine weitgehende Treibhausgasneutralität zu erreichen. Hierzu ist neben einer Steigerung der Energieeffizienz in allen Sektoren ein Ausbau erneuerbaren Energien notwendig. Dies beinhaltet hauptsächlich den Zubau von Wind‐ und Solarstromanlagen. Somit gewinnt die Sektorkopplung immer mehr an Bedeutung und wird in Zukunft eine tragende Rolle für die Defossilisierung des Energiesystems spielen (BMUB 2016). Als zentrales Element der Sektorkopplung gilt Strom, der über Power‐to‐X (PtX) sowohl energetisch im Wärme‐, und Verkehrssektor als auch stofflich in der Industrie und vor allem im Chemiesektor eingesetzt werden kann (Ausfelder et al. 2018a). Im Rahmen des P2X‐Vorhabens der Kopernikus Forschungsinitiative wird die Sektorkopplung durch die Umwandlung von Strom mittels elektrochemischer Prozesse in stoffliche Ressourcen wie Wasserstoff, Synthesegas oder Kohlenstoffmonoxid untersucht. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Betrachtung der Kopplung von Strom und Verkehr sowie Strom und Chemie und der Untersuchung von Prozessen und Pfaden, die aus ökologischer, ökonomischer und gesellschaftlicher Sicht vorteilhaft sind. Eine vergleichende Einordnung in den Gesamtkontext der Energiewende mit Abwägung zahlreicher Alternativen und Konkurrenztechnologien ist dort allerdings nicht vorgesehen. Zudem werden einige relevante PtX‐Technologien wie Power‐to‐Heat nicht betrachtet. Aus diesem Grund wurden in SPIKE ergänzende PtX‐Technologiepfade aus systemanalytischer Sicht untersucht. Dies sind Power‐to‐Heat (PtH) und Power‐to‐Gas (PtG) über Elektrolyse und optionaler anschließender Methanisierung sowie die Herstellung ausgewählter Pfade der strombasierten Herstellung von Produkten der energieintensiven Industrie. Ziel des Forschungsvorhabens war die Analyse von PtX‐Technologien und Pfaden, deren vergleichende Einordnung im Gesamtkontext der Energiewende sowie die Unterstützung des P2X Roadmapping Prozesses und die Ableitung von Handlungsempfehlungen. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt lag auf dem Einsatz von PtX im Industriesektor. Für das Vorhaben wurden Arbeitspakete (AP) erstellt, die Untersuchungen zu Technologie, Potenzial, Ökonomie und Ökologie von PtH (AP 1), PtG (AP 2), Power‐to‐Ammoniak, Power‐to‐Ethen und Power‐to‐Propen (AP 3) umfassten. Daraus wurde in AP 4 ein Systemvergleich mit Einordnung von PtX in die Energiewende durchgeführt. Auf dieser Basis und der Identifizierung regulatorischer Rahmenbedingungen für PtX (AP 5) wurde das deutsche Energiesystem samt PtX‐Pfaden in einem Energiesystemmodell abgebildet (AP 6). Die Ergebnisse flossen in das Roadmapping ein (AP 7). Zudem erfolgte ein Austausch mit den Projektpartnern und das Verfassen wissenschaftlicher Abhandlungen (AP 8). KW - Energieintensive Industrie KW - Energiesystemmodellierung KW - Power-to-Gas KW - Power-to-Heat KW - Ökobilanzierung Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Thema, Martin A1 - Kaul, Anja A1 - Sterner, Michael A1 - Heberl, Michael T1 - Optimierung eines Rieselbett-Bioreaktors für die dynamische mikrobielle Biosynthese von Methan mit Archaeen-Mikroorganismen in Power-to-Gas-Anlagen N2 - Das übergeordnete Ziel des Vorhabens war die Entwicklung neuer technologischer Möglichkeiten für den biologischen Methanisierungsprozess mit Archaeen1 in Power-to-Gas-Anwendungen. Im Gegensatz zur technisch ausgereiften chemisch-katalytischen Methanisierung sind hier noch Potenziale zur Optimierung verfahrenstechnischer und biologischer Prozesse für das Speicherkonzept Power-to-Gas [7] vorhanden. Dabei sollte zum einen ein Rieselbett-Bioreaktor optimiert, simuliert und für die Hochskalierung vorbereitet werden. Zum anderen sollte eine Kombination optimal geeigneter Mikroorganismen und Packungsmaterialien selektiert und deren Verhalten und Eignung im Reaktor analysiert werden. Das Verhalten des entwickelten Systems sollte zunächst im Labor- und Technikumsmaßstab und anschließend im Feldtest an einer bestehenden Power-to-Gas-Anlage untersucht werden. Hauptziel während des Feldtests war die Produktion von einspeisefähigem Methan sowie dessen Einspeisung ins Gasnetz. Ein Hauptziel des Projektes war es, die Normung und Standardisierung notwendiger Systemparameter und Semantik zur Beschreibung und Einbindung biologischer Methanisierungseinheiten in Power-to-Gas-Anlagen voranzutreiben. Dies sollte zum einen die Vergleichbarkeit der wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse verbessern und zum anderen unterstützend bei der Kommerzialisierung der Technologie wirken. Aus dem Projekt heraus wurde so die neue Normungsreihe VDI 4635 Power-to-X beim Verein Deutscher Ingenieure angestoßen. KW - Biologische Methanisierung KW - Power-to-Gas KW - Erneuerbare Energien KW - Rieselbett-Bioreaktor KW - Archaeen Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2314/KXP:1815321555 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Klitsman, Maksym A1 - Brückl, Oliver A1 - Eller, Johannes ED - Schulz, Detlef T1 - Analysis and simulation of the population driving behaviour and charging processes at different charging station types with electric vehicles T2 - NEIS 2021, Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems: 13-14. September 2021, Hamburg N2 - Electric vehicles are one of the important components of the energy transition, which is necessary for the CO2 emission reduction. In order to estimate the influence of electromobility on electric grids at present day and in the future, the generation of realistic charge profiles is necessary. The main objective of this study is the development of an algorithm, which generates realistic charge time series of electric vehicles. The very huge and detailed input surveys enable to define different population groups, representing specific driving behaviour. These groups are then composed and scaled up, according to the statistical population structure of a chosen town or city in Germany, and show typical driving behaviour of all inhabitants. The charge profiles are calculated for several charge station types, based on daily electric vehicle user mobility, day type and household type. In addition, charge process occurrence is evaluated through a model, involving charge infrastructure presence, attractiveness of corresponding charge station type and charge process necessity. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-8007-5651-3 SP - 254 EP - 260 PB - VDE-Verlag ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saveliev, Dmitry V. A1 - Fetisov, Leonid Y. A1 - Chashin, Dmitri V. A1 - Shabin, P. A. A1 - Vyunik, D. A. A1 - Fedulov, Feodor A1 - Kettl, W. A1 - Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail T1 - Method of Measuring Deformations of Magnetoactive Elastomers under the Action of Magnetic Fields JF - Russian Technological Journal Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2019-7-4-81-91 VL - 7 IS - 4 SP - 81 EP - 91 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gamisch, Bernd A1 - Huber, Lea A1 - Gaderer, Matthias A1 - Dawoud, Belal T1 - On the Kinetic Mechanisms of the Reduction and Oxidation Reactions of Iron Oxide/Iron Pellets for a Hydrogen Storage Process JF - Energies N2 - This work aims at investigating the kinetic mechanisms of the reduction/oxidation (redox) reactions of iron oxide/iron pellets under different operating conditions. The reaction principle is the basis of a thermochemical hydrogen storage system. To simulate the charging phase, a single pellet consisting of iron oxide (90% Fe2O3, 10% stabilising cement) is reduced with different hydrogen (H2) concentrations at temperatures between 600 and 800 °C. The discharge phase is initiated by the oxidation of the previously reduced pellet by water vapour (H2O) at different concentrations in the same temperature range. In both reactions, nitrogen (N2) is used as a carrier gas. The redox reactions have been experimentally measured in a thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) at a flow rate of 250 mL/min. An extensive literature review has been conducted on the existing reactions’ kinetic mechanisms along with their applicability to describe the obtained results. It turned out that the measured kinetic results can be excellently described with the so-called shrinking core model. Using the geometrical contracting sphere reaction mechanism model, the concentration- and temperature-dependent reduction and oxidation rates can be reproduced with a maximum deviation of less than 5%. In contrast to the reduction process, the temperature has a smaller effect on the oxidation reaction kinetics, which is attributed to 71% less activation energy (Ea,Re=56.9 kJ/mol versus Ea,Ox=16.0 kJ/mol). The concentration of the reacting gas showed, however, an opposite trend: namely, to have an almost twofold impact on the oxidation reaction rate constant compared to the reduction rate constant. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/en15218322 N1 - Corresponding author: Belal Dawoud VL - 15 IS - 21 PB - MDPI ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gärtner, Sebastian A1 - Rank, Daniel A1 - Heberl, Michael A1 - Gaderer, Matthias A1 - Sterner, Michael T1 - Integration of Power-To-Methane into Glass Melting Processes T2 - Proceedings of the International Renewable Energy Storage Conference (IRES 2022) N2 - The glass industry is facing increased challenges regarding climate protection targets and rising energy costs. The integration of renewable energy including conversion and storage is a key for both challenges in this energy-intensive industrial sector, which has been mainly relying on fossil gas so far. The options considered to this point for reducing CO2 emissions and switching to a renewable energy supply involve far-reaching changes of the established melting processes. This entails significant risks in terms of influences on glass quality and stable production volumes. The presented approach for the integration of a Power-to-Methane (PtM) system into the glass industry is a completely new concept and has not been considered in detail before. It allows the use of established oxyfuel melting processes, the integration of fluctuating renewable energy sources and a simultaneous reduction of CO2 emissions by more than 78%. At the same time, natural gas purchases become obsolete. A techno-economic evaluation of the complete PtM process shows, that 1,76 €/m3 or 1,26 €/kg synthetic natural gas are possible with renewable energy supply. Using electricity from the energy grid would require electricity prices < 0,126 €/kWh to allow cost competitive PtM processes in the glass industry. Such electricity prices could be achieved by electricity market-based optimization and operation of the PtM system. This operation strategy would require AI-based algorithms predicting availabilities and prices on future-based markets. KW - Power-to-Gas KW - Methanation KW - Glass Melting KW - Glass Industry KW - Decarbonisation Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-156-2_12 SN - 2589-4943 VL - 16 SP - 147 EP - 161 PB - Atlantis Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kral, Christian A1 - Haumer, Anton A1 - Grabner, Christian T1 - Consistent Induction Motor Parameters for the Calculation of Partial Load Efficiencies by Means of an Advanced Simulation Model JF - Engineering Letters N2 - From the rating plate data of an induction motor the nominal efficiency can be determined. Without detailed knowledge of equivalent circuit parameters, partial load behavior cannot be computed. Therefore, a combined calculation and estimation scheme is presented, where the consistent parameters of an equivalent circuit are elaborated, exactly matching the nominal operating point. From these parameters part load efficiencies can be determined. KW - Induction motor KW - consistent parameters KW - partial load efficiency Y1 - 2010 SN - 1816-0948 SN - 1816-093X VL - 18 IS - 1 CY - Hong Kong ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klenk, Eva Marianne A1 - Galka, Stefan T1 - Analysis of real-time tour building and scheduling strategies for in-plant milk-run systems with volatile transportation demand JF - IFAC - PapersOnLine N2 - In modern manufacturing systems, milk run (MR) systems represent route-based, cyclic material-handling systems that are used widely and enable frequent deliveries of containerized parts in small lot sizes from a central storage area to multiple points of use on the factory floor. Usually, deliveries take place at predetermined, constant time intervals. As in real-world MR systems, the number of containers to deliver in each interval varies in the short term, peaks in the number of deliveries may lead to capacity bottlenecks and late deliveries. In this paper, we develop three alternative strategies to determine starting times of MR cycles in real-time based on the current number of delivery orders in the system aiming to better handle variations in the number of orders. We evaluate the three strategies for different system load scenarios with respect to delivery service levels, order lead times, systems utilization and necessary number of MR trains using a discrete-event simulation model. KW - Control algorithms KW - Logistics KW - Material handling KW - Milk-run systems KW - Production systems KW - Real-time decision making KW - Transportation control Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.11.517 VL - 52 IS - 13 SP - 2110 EP - 2115 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pershina, K. V. A1 - Saveliev, Dmitry V. A1 - Glavan, Gašper A1 - Chashin, Dmitri V. A1 - Belyaeva, Inna A. A1 - Fetisov, Leonid Y. A1 - Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail T1 - The voltage response of a structure comprising a magnetoactive-elastomer cylinder and a piezoelectric material to magnetic field step excitations T2 - The 4th International Baltic Conference on Magnetism (IBCM 2021) : Svetlogorsk, Russia August 29 - September 2, 2021 : Book of Abstracts Y1 - 2021 UR - http://smba.science/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/IBCM-2021-Book-of-Abstracts-5.pdf SP - 182 PB - Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Rank, Daniel A1 - Heberl, Michael A1 - Sterner, Michael T1 - Die CO2-Bilanz der OTH [Ostbayerischen Technische Hochschule Regenburg] BT - Tool für Hochschulen und Firmen Y1 - 2020 UR - https://sae58cb7e2208a3d2.jimcontent.com/download/version/1613400473/module/9240277976/name/1. Sitzung AG_Präsentation Prof. Sterner-1.pdf ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sterner, Michael A1 - Heberl, Michael T1 - The ORBIT-Project: Biological methanation in a trickle-bed reactor - key results and next steps T2 - 5th Nuremberg Workshop on Methanation and 2nd Generation, Nürnberg Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, 28.05.2021 KW - biologische Methanisierung KW - Archaeen KW - Power-to-Gas KW - Erneuerbare Energien KW - Rieselbett Bioreaktor Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Altmann, Robert A1 - Gebhard, Jürgen T1 - Phänomenologische Untersuchung des Einspritzprozesses eines Injektors aus dem Off-Highway-Segment mit Diesel- und Rapsölkraftstoff T2 - 16. Internationaler Fachkongress "Kraftstoffe der Zukunft 2019", Berlin Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Grabner, Christian A1 - Gragger, Johannes V. A1 - Kapeller, Hansjörg A1 - Haumer, Anton A1 - Kral, Christian ED - Ao, Sio-Iong ED - Gelman, Len T1 - Sensorless PM-Drive Aspects T2 - Electronic Engineering and Computing Technology N2 - The development procedure of permanent magnet drives for sensor less operation beginning from standstill under overload conditions has to consider different design aspects coevally. First, the robust rotor position sensing by test signal enforces a design with a strongly different behavior of the spatial dq-oriented differential inductance values. Therefore, the interior rotor magnet array arrangement is from principle predestinated for the controlled sensor less mode including standstill. Fortunately, in order to reduce costs, the distinct reluctance torque capability of such interior magnet arrangement is additionally used for a significantly increased torque by applying a pre-oriented stator current space vectors within the quasi-steady control. KW - inductance modeling KW - machine design KW - nonlinear saturation effects KW - Sensorless vector control Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-90-481-8775-1 SN - 978-90-481-8776-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8776-8_3 SP - 25 EP - 35 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gamisch, Bernd A1 - Ettengruber, Stefan A1 - Gaderer, Matthias A1 - Dawoud, Belal T1 - Dynamic simulation of isothermal and non-isothermal reduction and oxidation reactions of iron oxide for a hydrogen storage process JF - Renewable and Sustainable Energy N2 - This work aims first to develop a dynamic lumped model for the isothermal reactions of hydrogen/steam with a single iron oxide/iron pellet inside a tubular reactor and to validate the model results against the experimental reaction kinetic data with the help of our STA device. To describe the temporal change in mass, and consequently, the temporal heat of reaction, the shrinking core model, based on the geometrical contracting sphere, is applied. It turned out that, the simulation model can reproduce the experimental, temporal concentration and temperature-dependent conversion rates with a maximum deviation of 4.6% during the oxidation reactions and 3.1% during the reduction reactions. In addition, a measured isothermal storage process comprising one reduction and one oxidation phase with a holding phase in between on a single reacting pellet could be reproduced with a maximum absolute deviation in the conversion rate of 1.5%. Moreover, a lumped, non-isothermal simulation model for a pelletized tubular redox-reactor including 2kg of iron oxide pellets has been established, in which the heat of reaction, heat transfer to the ambient and heat transfer between the solid and gas phases are considered. The temporal courses of the outlet gas concentration as well as the temperatures of the gas stream and the solid material at a constant input gas flow rate and a constant reacting gas inlet concentration but different input gas temperatures are estimated. Because of the endothermic nature of the reduction reaction, the inlet reacting gas temperature shall be kept high to prevent the severe temperature drop in the solid phase and, consequently, the significant reduction of the reaction rate. Contrary to that, the oxidation process requires lower input gas temperatures to avoid the excessive overheating of the reaction mass and, consequently, the sintering of the reacting pellets. Finally, five of the previous reactors have been connected in series to explore the influence of the changing inlet gas temperatures and concentrations on the dynamic performance of each storage mass. KW - hydrogen storage KW - iron/iron oxide KW - redox reactions KW - lumped model KW - isothermal reactions KW - non-isothermal reactions KW - kinetics of reactions KW - Aspen Custom Modeler Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.55092/rse20230004 N1 - Corresponding author: Belal Dawoud VL - 1 IS - 1 PB - ELSP, International Open Science Platform ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Walter, Stefanie A1 - Schwanzer, Peter A1 - Hagen, Gunter A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Dietrich, Markus A1 - Moos, Ralf T1 - Soot Monitoring of Gasoline Particulate Filters Using a Radio-Frequency-Based Sensor JF - Sensors N2 - Owing to increasingly stringent emission limits, particulate filters have become mandatory for gasoline-engine vehicles. Monitoring their soot loading is necessary for error-free operation. The state-of-the-art differential pressure sensors suffer from inaccuracies due to small amounts of stored soot combined with exhaust gas conditions that lead to partial regeneration. As an alternative approach, radio-frequency-based (RF) sensors can accurately measure the soot loading, even under these conditions, by detecting soot through its dielectric properties. However, they face a different challenge as their sensitivity may depend on the engine operation conditions during soot formation. In this article, this influence is evaluated in more detail. Various soot samples were generated on an engine test bench. Their dielectric properties were measured using the microwave cavity perturbation (MCP) method and compared with the corresponding sensitivity of the RF sensor determined on a lab test bench. Both showed similar behavior. The values for the soot samples themselves, however, differed significantly from each other. A way to correct for this cross-sensitivity was found in the influence of exhaust gas humidity on the RF sensor, which can be correlated with the engine load. By evaluating this influence during significant humidity changes, such as fuel cuts, it could be used to correct the influence of the engineon the RF sensor. KW - dielectric properties KW - engine test bench KW - gasoline particulate filter (GPF) KW - microwave cavity perturbation KW - radio-frequency (RF) KW - soot mass determination Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187861 SN - 1424-8220 N1 - This research work was funded by the Bavarian Research Foundation (Bayerische Forschungsstiftung, BFS) as part of the project “Load Sensor for GPF” (AZ-1288-17). VL - 23 IS - 18 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rill, Georg A1 - Schuderer, Matthias T1 - A Second-Order Dynamic Friction Model Compared to Commercial Stick–Slip Models JF - Modelling N2 - Friction has long been an important issue in multibody dynamics. Static friction models apply appropriate regularization techniques to convert the stick inequality and the non-smooth stick–slip transition of Coulomb’s approach into a continuous and smooth function of the sliding velocity. However, a regularized friction force is not able to maintain long-term stick. That is why dynamic friction models were developed in recent decades. The friction force depends herein not only on the sliding velocity but also on internal states. The probably best-known representative, the LuGre friction model, is based on a fictitious bristle but realizes a too-simple approximation. The recently published second-order dynamic friction model describes the dynamics of a fictitious bristle more accurately. It is based on a regularized friction force characteristic, which is continuous and smooth but can maintain long-term stick due to an appropriate shift in the regularization. Its performance is compared here to stick–slip friction models, developed and launched not long ago by commercial multibody software packages. The results obtained by a virtual friction test-bench and by a more practical festoon cable system are very promising. Thus, the second-order dynamic friction model may serve not only as an alternative to the LuGre model but also to commercial stick–slip models. KW - commercial stick–slip friction models KW - dynamic friction model KW - long-term stick KW - multibody dynamics Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/modelling4030021 SN - 2673-3951 N1 - Corresponding author: Georg Rill VL - 4 IS - 3 SP - 366 EP - 381 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rill, Georg A1 - Bauer, Florian A1 - Kirchbeck, Mathias T1 - VTT - a virtual test truck for modern simulation tasks JF - Vehicle system dynamics N2 - The development of new technologies like advanced driver assistance systems or automated driving requires a flexible simulation environment of sufficient complexity. In general this flexibility is not provided by commercial software packages. This paper presents a three-dimensional and nonlinear hand-made model for heavy commercial vehicles including tractor and trailer as well as tractor and semitrailer combinations that can be used in different simulation environments, as well as in real-time applications. As typical for trucks, the torsional flexibility of the frame and a suspended driver's cabin are taken into account. The design kinematics makes it possible to handle different and quite complex axle suspensions very efficiently. Appropriate force elements are used to model various couplings between tractor and trailer or tractor and semitrailer, respectively. The virtual test truck environment (VTT) coded in ANSI C is extremely portable and can easily be embedded in commercial simulation packages like MATLAB/Simulink. It includes the TMeasy tyre model and offers flexible interfaces to third-party software tools. KW - coupled air springs KW - design Kinematics KW - heavy commercial vehicles KW - MATLAB KW - Simulink KW - TMeasy tyre model KW - vehicle coupling KW - Vehicle modelling Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2019.1705356 VL - 59 IS - 4 SP - 635 EP - 656 PB - Taylor&Francis ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Arrieta Castro, Abel A1 - Rill, Georg ED - Orlova, Anna ED - Cole, David T1 - Kinematic Versus Elasto-Kinematic Model of a Twistbeam Suspension T2 - Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks II, proceedings of the 27th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics (IAVSD 2021): August 17-19, 2021, Saint Petersburg, Russia N2 - The Twistbeam axle suspension is a cheap and robust layout for rear axles at front wheel driven midsize cars. Appropriate models have to take the elastic deformation of the torsion beam into account. A Finite Element approach requires detailed informations of the material properties and the shape which are usually only available in the final production stage. This paper presents a lumped mass model which can easily be integrated into a multibody vehicle model and can be used in the early stage of development. An approximation by the design kinematics further reduces the complexity of the model and considers only the kinematic properties of the Twistbeam suspension. Simulations using a nonlinear and three-dimensional vehicle model with different maneuvers, such as steady-state cornering, step steer input, and driving straight ahead on random road, demonstrate the performance and, in particular, the difference of the presented Twistbeam suspension models. KW - Design kinematics KW - Twistbeam suspension KW - Multibody model KW - Vehicle dynamics Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_59 SP - 505 EP - 605 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rill, Georg A1 - Bauer, Florian A1 - Topcagic, Edin T1 - Performance of leaf spring suspended axles in model approaches of different complexities JF - Vehicle System Dynamics N2 - Axles with leaf spring suspension systems are still a popular choice in many commercial vehicles. However, leaf springs are not in perfect conformity to standard multibody vehicle models because they combine guidance and suspension in one single element. Combining standard multibody vehicle models with sophisticated finite element leaf spring models results in rather complex and computing time-consuming solutions. Purely kinematic models, defined by lookup tables or the design kinematics approach, cover only some but not all features of the leaf spring suspension. As shown here, the five-link model, which incorporates a quasi-static solution of the leaf spring compliance, provides a very practical model. It is comparatively lean and provides results of sufficient accuracy in the whole application range. KW - beam-model KW - commercial vehicles KW - design kinematics KW - five-Link model KW - Leaf spring suspension KW - vehicle dynamics Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2021.1928249 VL - 60 IS - 8 SP - 2871 EP - 2889 PB - Taylor&Francis ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bünte, Tilman A1 - Rill, Georg A1 - Ruggaber, Julian A1 - Tobolář, Jakub ED - Orlova, Anna ED - Cole, David T1 - Modelling and Validation of the TMeasy Tyre Model for Extreme Parking Manoeuvres T2 - Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks II, Proceedings of the 27th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics (IAVSD 2021): August 17-19, 2021, Saint Petersburg, Russia N2 - The TMeasy is a tyre model suitable for vehicle handling analyses and enables easy parametrisation. Recently, a convenient interface to Modelica was implemented by DLR to support the TMeasy also for vehicle modelling in multi-physical domains. This paper focuses especially on the particular problem of reliable reproduction of the tyre’s bore torque which occurs during parking manoeuvres. It outlines the theory behind it, discusses the Modelica interface implementation, and presents the results of parameter identification which were achieved based on real experiments with DLR’s research platform ROboMObil. Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-031-07305-2 SN - 978-3-031-07304-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07305-2_94 SP - 1015 EP - 1025 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rill, Georg T1 - A Three-Dimensional and Nonlinear Virtual Test Car T2 - ENOC 2022, book of abstracts, 10th European Nonlinear Dynamics Conference: July 17-22, 2022, Lyon, France N2 - Virtual testing procedures have become a standard in vehicle dynamics. The increasing complexity of driver assistance sys- tems demand for more and more virtual tests, which are supposed to produce reliable results even in the limit range. As a consequence, simplified vehicle models, like the classical bicycle model or 4-wheel vehicle models, have to be replaced by a fully three-dimensional and nonlinear vehicle model, which also encompasses the details of the suspension systems. This paper presents a passenger car model, where the chassis, the four knuckles, and the four wheels are described by rigid bodies, the suspension system is modeled by the generic design kinematics, and the TMeasy tire model provides the tire forces and torques in all driving situations. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://enoc2020.sciencesconf.org/data/ENOC2022_proceedings.pdf SP - 49 EP - 58 CY - Lyon ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rill, Daniel A1 - Butz, Christiane A1 - Rill, Georg ED - Kecskeméthy, Andrés ED - Geu Flores, Francisco T1 - Dynamic Interaction of Heavy Duty Vehicles and Expansion Joints T2 - Multibody Dynamics 2019, Proceedings of the 9th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Multibody Dynamics N2 - The “Smart Bridge (Intelligente Brücke)” project cluster, initiated by the German Federal Highway Research Institute (Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen, BASt) and the Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI), focuses on “smart” monitoring devices that allow an efficient and economic maintenance management of bridge infrastructures. Among the participating projects, the one presented herein focuses on the development of a smart expansion joint, to assess the traffic parameters on site. This is achieved by measuring velocity and weight of crossing vehicles. In reference measurements, performed with a three-axle truck and a typical tractor semi-trailer combination with five axles in total, it was shown that the interaction between the vehicle and the expansion joint is highly dynamic and depends on several factors. To get more insight into this dynamic problem, a virtual test rig was set up. Although nearly all vehicle parameters had to be estimated, the simulation results conform very well with the measurements and are robust to vehicle parameter variations. In addition, they indicate a significant influence of the expansion joint dynamic to the peak values of the measured wheel loads, in particular on higher driving velocities. By compensating the relevant dynamic effects in the measurements, a “smart” data processing algorithm makes it possible to determine the actual vehicle weights in random traffic with reliability and appropriate accuracy. Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-030-23131-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23132-3_56 VL - 53 SP - 471 EP - 478 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rill, Georg A1 - Arrieta Castro, Abel ED - Klomp, Matthijs ED - Bruzelius, Fredrik ED - Nielsen, Jens ED - Hillemyr, Angela T1 - A Novel Approach for Parametrization of Suspension Kinematics T2 - Advances in Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks: Proceedings of the 26th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics (IAVSD 2019), August 12-16, 2019, Gothenburg, Sweden N2 - n the automotive industry, simulations are needed to analyse the dynamics of vehicles and also of its main components and subsystems, e.g. tires, brakes and suspension systems. These simulations are required for an early-stage development and in consequence, they must deliver realistic results. Suspension systems plays a key role in comfort and safety of road vehicles. They usually consist of rigid links and force elements that are arranged with a specific topology. In addition, some of their functionalities are to carry the weight of the car and the passengers, and maintain a correct wheel alignment. In simulations involving suspension systems, lookup-tables are frequently used. They are obtained from a Kinematic and Compliance (KnC) test and then standardized for a specific vehicle simulation software. Nonetheless, lookup-tables require a reasonable number of characteristic points. Additionally, derivatives, interpolation, and extrapolation are not necessarily smooth. This produces results that depend on the interpolation technique and may be inaccurate. In this paper, a novel method called “design kinematics” is proposed. This method can describe the kinematic properties of almost any type of suspension systems. Comparisons with an analytic calculation and a KnC measurement shown that the design kinematics is able to represent the kinematic and compliance properties of suspension systems extremely well and very efficiently. KW - design Kinematics KW - Kinematic and compliance test KW - Suspension systems Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-030-38076-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38077-9_210 SP - 1848 EP - 1857 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rill, Georg T1 - Sophisticated but quite simple contact calculation for handling tire models JF - Multibody system dynamics N2 - Handling tire models like Pacejka (Tire and Vehicle Dynamics, 3rd edn., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2012) or TMeasy (Rill in Proc. of the XV Int. Symp. on Dynamic Problems of Mechanics, Buzios, RJ, Brazil, 2013) consider the contact patch as one coherent plane. As a consequence, the irregularities of a rough road profile must be approximated by an appropriate local road plane that serves as an effective road plane in order to calculate the geometric contact point and the corresponding contact velocities. The Pacejka/SWIFT tire model employs a road enveloping model that generates the effective height and slope by elliptical cams. TMeasy just uses four representative road points for that purpose. In addition, TMeasy replaces the geometric contact point by the static contact point and shifts it finally to the dynamic contact point that represents the point where the contact forces are applied. In doing so, a rather sophisticated but still simple contact calculation is possible. Simulations obtained with a virtual tire test rig and fully nonlinear three-dimensional multibody system models of a motor-scooter and a passenger car demonstrate the potential of this contact approach. KW - Dynamic contact point KW - Effective road plane KW - Geometric contact point KW - Static contact point KW - Tire road contact KW - TMeasy tire model KW - Vehicle modeling Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11044-018-9629-4 VL - 45 IS - 2 SP - 131 EP - 153 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rill, Georg A1 - Arrieta Castro, Abel ED - Kecskeméthy, Andrés ED - Geu Flores, Francisco ED - Carrera, Eliodoro ED - Elias, Dante A. T1 - The Influence of Axle Kinematics on Vehicle Dynamics T2 - Interdisciplinary Applications of Kinematics. Proceedings of the Third International Conference (IAK) N2 - The automotive industry employs many different kinds of axle suspension systems at modern passenger cars. Important criteria are costs, space requirements, kinematic properties, and compliance attributes. This paper illustrates that in particular the kinematic properties of a suspension system have a significant influence on the dynamics of vehicles. As a consequence, the kinematics of a suspension system must be modeled very precisely and nonlinear. Typical kinematical features of a suspension system are discussed by analyzing the most common double wishbone axle suspension system. The influence of the axle kinematics on vehicle dynamics is finally demonstrated by simulation results generated with a fully nonlinear and three-dimensional multibody vehicle model. KW - Double wishbone suspension system KW - Multibody system KW - Suspension kinematics KW - vehicle dynamics Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-030-16422-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16423-2_2 VL - 71 SP - 23 EP - 31 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rill, Georg T1 - TMeasy 6.0-A handling tire model that incorporates the first two belt eigenmodes T2 - Proceedings of the XI International Conference on Structural Dynamics (EURODYN 2020): Athens, Greece, 23.11.2020 - 26.11.2020 N2 - TMeasy 6.0, an extension to the standard TMeasy tire model of version 5.3, takes the relevant first two rigid body eigenmodes of the belt into consideration. These modes represent the in plane longitudinal and rotational movements of the belt relative to the rim. The dynamics of the longitudinal force is of higher order then and reproduces the tire wheel vibrations, required for indirect tire-pressure monitoring systems (iTPMS), sufficiently well. A tailored implicit solver, which takes the stiff coupling between the longitudinal force and the belt motions into account, still provides real-time performance in addition. Simulation examples show that a rigid body vehicle model equipped with TMeasy 6.0 makes it possible to investigate second generation indirect tire-pressure monitoring systems. KW - TMeasy Tire Model KW - Tire Force Dynamics KW - Frequency Analysis KW - Real-time Simulation KW - Virtual Test Rig Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.47964/1120.9054.18673 SP - 676 EP - 689 PB - EASD Procedia ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Rill, Georg A1 - Arrieta Castro, Abel T1 - Road Vehicle Dynamics N2 - Road Vehicle Dynamics: Fundamentals and Modeling with MATLAB®, Second Edition combines coverage of vehicle dynamics concepts with MATLAB v9.4 programming routines and results, along with examples and numerous chapter exercises. Improved and updated, the revised text offers new coverage of active safety systems, rear wheel steering, race car suspension systems, airsprings, four-wheel drive, mechatronics, and other topics. Based on the lead author's extensive lectures, classes, and research activities, this unique text provides readers with insights into the computer-based modeling of automobiles and other ground vehicles. Instructor resources, including problem solutions, are available from the publisher. KW - Fahrdynamik Y1 - 2020 SN - 9780429244476 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429244476 PB - CRC Press CY - Boca Raton, Fla. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rill, Georg ED - Lugner, Peter T1 - Multibody Systems and Simulation Techniques T2 - Vehicle Dynamics of Modern Passenger Cars N2 - This part begins with an introduction to Multibody Systems (MBS). It presents the elements of MBS and discusses different modeling aspects. Then, different methods to generate the equations of motion are presented. Solvers for ordinary differential equations (ODE) as well as differential algebraic equations (DAE) are discussed. Finally, techniques for “online” and “offline” simulations including real-time applications are presented like necessary for car development. Special examples show the connection between simulation and test results. KW - Differential equations KW - Equations of motion KW - Multibody systems KW - Numerical solution KW - Vehicle models Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-319-79007-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-79008-4_6 SP - 309 EP - 375 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Arrieta Castro, Abel A1 - Rill, Georg A1 - Weber, Hans I. ED - Carvalho, João Carlos Mendes ED - Martins, Daniel ED - Simoni, Roberto ED - Simas, Henrique T1 - Development of a Robust Integrated Control System to Improve the Stability of Road Vehicles T2 - Multibody Mechatronic Systems N2 - Nowadays, new technologies are pushing the road vehicle limits further. Promising applications, e.g., self-driving cars, require a suitable control system that can maintain the vehicle’s stability in critical scenarios. In most of current cars, the control systems actuates independently, meaning there is not a coordination or data sharing between them. This approach can produce a conflict between these standalone controllers and thus, no improvements on the vehicle’s stability are achieved or even a worse scenario can be generated. In order to overcome these problems, an integrated approach is developed in this work. This integration, defined in this work as Integrated Control (IC), is done by an intelligence coordination of all standalone controllers inside the vehicle, i.e., Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS), Electronic Stability Program (ESP) and Four-Wheel Steering System (4WS). The ABS model was built using Fuzzy logic, for which only three rules were necessary to get a good performance. To design the ESP and the 4WS, the simple handling vehicle model was used as a reference behavior. The IC was designed using the hierarchical approach with two layers, i.e., the upper and lower layer. The upper one, observes the side slip angle and depends of its value the upper layer triggers the ESP or the 4WS. Finally, in order to prove the improvements of the IC system over the non-integrated approach, a full-size vehicle model was used to perform simulation in run-off-road and μ-split scenarios. KW - 4WS KW - ABS KW - ESP KW - Integrated control KW - Run-off-Road scenarios Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-319-67566-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67567-1_48 VL - 54 SP - 506 EP - 516 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Arrieta Castro, Abel A1 - Chaves, Rafael B. A1 - Rill, Georg A1 - Weber, Hans I. ED - Fleury, Agenor de T. ED - Rade, Domingos A. ED - Kurka, R. G. T1 - Use of Integrated Control to Enhance the Safety of Vehicles in Run-Off-Road Scenarios T2 - Proceedings of DINAME 2017 : Selected Papers of the XVII International Symposium on Dynamic Problems of Mechanics N2 - In this work, an integrated vehicle control system (IC) is tested in run-off-road scenarios. The integrated approach was employed in order to coordinate vehicle control systems, i.e. the Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS), Four-wheel Steering (4WS) and the Electronic Stability Program (ESP). To perform a run-off-road maneuver, a fuzzy virtual test driver was designed. By receiving the lateral position of an obstacle and the vehicle’s relative yaw angle, the virtual test driver is capable of following a reference trajectory. Furthermore, to test the performance of the standalone controllers, i.e. ABS, ESP and 4WS, individual maneuvers are performed using a multibody vehicle model. The vehicle without any coordination between the control systems is used as reference. For the simulation results, it is concluded that the IC improves the vehicle stability and maneuverability in comparison with the non-integrated approach. Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-319-91217-2 SN - 978-3-319-91216-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91217-2_30 SN - 2195-4356 SP - 431 EP - 443 PB - Springer CY - Cham ET - 1. Auflage ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rill, Georg T1 - Reducing the cornering resistance by torque vectoring (X International Conference on Structural Dynamics, EURODYN 2017) JF - Procedia Engineering N2 - Usually, torque vectoring is used to reduce a significant understeer behavior at high speed cornering. Thus, providing larger vehicles with a sportive touch. Even on typical front wheel driven cars torque vectoring control is available now. Torque vectoring is nearly a standard on electric driven vehicles. Complex control and optimization strategies are applied to improve the maneuverability in particular or to enhance the driving behavior and reduce the energy consumption in addition. This paper shows, that a quite simple strategy will enhance the maneuverability and simultaneously reduce the cornering resistance in sharp bends. At first, a case study with a fully non-linear and three-dimensional vehicle model is performed. It turned out that a full drive torque shift to the outer wheels improves the maneuverability and reduces the cornering resistance in addition. This results are verified by an optimization performed with a simpler four-wheeled handling model. Here, the front steering angles and the driving torques at each of the four wheels are considered as free parameters. Minimizing the cornering resistance by taking the equations of motion for the four-wheeled handling model as constraints will deliver an optimal set of parameters then. KW - Constrained Optimization KW - Cornering Resistance KW - Four-wheeled Handling Model KW - Three-dimensional Vehicle Model KW - Torque Vectoring Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.09.393 VL - 199 SP - 3284 EP - 3289 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hackl, Andreas A1 - Hirschberg, W. A1 - Lex, C. A1 - Rill, Georg ED - Spiryagin, Maksym ED - Gordon, Timothy ED - Cole, Colin ED - McSweeney, Tim T1 - Tyre type dependent transient force behaviour by means of a maxwell model T2 - The Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks : Proceedings of the 25th Symposium of the International Association of Vehicle System Dynamics (IAVSD 2017), Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia, 14-18 August 2017 N2 - The present papers deals with the usability of an extended Maxwell model to describe the tyre dynamics during transient driving manoeuvres. In the present article, the para-metrisation process of a dynamic tyre model is investigated in a first step, using measurement data of tyre forces from a flat trac tyre test bench, (IABG 2016). Two tyre types of dimensions 255/50 R19 and 175/55 R15 are used. The practical applicability is discussed, considering the measurement procedure and the parameter optimisation process. In a second step, the performance of the dynamic tyre model is validated using measurements of manoeuvres under higher dynamic excitation. As a last step, an outlook is given on further research planned in which the presented model and parametrisation are adapted to a larger frequency range. Y1 - 2018 SN - 1351057170 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315265506 SP - 157 EP - 162 PB - CRC Press CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rill, Georg ED - Fleury, Agenor de T. T1 - Real-Time capable Multibody Model of dual Truck Front Axles T2 - Proceedings of DINAME 2023 - Selected Papers of the XIX International Symposium on Dynamic Problems of Mechanics, 26 Feb - 03 Mar 2023, Pirenópolis, Brazil N2 - Dual front steering axles are quite common in multi-axled heavy duty trucks. In standard layouts of such axle combinations, the steer motions of the wheels depend not only on the rotation of the steering wheel but also on the movements of the axles. As a consequence, the model complexity of the steering system should match with the complexity of the suspension model. The development of new technologies like advanced driver assistance systems or autonomous driving can only be accomplished efficiently using extensive simulation methods. Such kind of applications demand for computationally efficient vehicle models. This paper presents a steering system model for dual front axles of heavy duty trucks which supplements the suspension model of the axles. The model takes the torsional compliance of the steering column as well as the stiffness of the tie rods and the coupling rod into account. A quasi-static solution provides a straight forward computation including the partial derivatives required for an efficient implicit solver. The steering system model matches perfectly with comparatively lean, but sufficiently accurate multibody suspension models. KW - Steering System KW - Dual Axles KW - Multibody Model KW - Vehicle Dynamics KW - Real-Time Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369256274_Real-Time_capable_Multibody_Model_of_dual_Truck_Front_Axles PB - Springer ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Michael Sterner, A1 - Mareike Jentsch, A1 - Uwe Holzhammer, T1 - Energiewirtschaftliche und ökologische Bewertung eines Windgas-Angebotes N2 - In this technical report, (1) the benefits of the new technology for future energy supply are discussed, (2) the climate protection effect of wind gas is discussed, and (3) a reasonable use of wind energy for gas generation is analyzed. In particular, windgas in the heat market is discussed in the utilization cascade of wind energy. The new "power-to-gas" concept opens up completely new possibilities for the integration of renewable energies and for coupling the electricity and gas grids. The Sabatier process, which has been known for 100 years, was first developed for this purpose in 2008 under the leadership of the Center for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research and Fraunhofer IWES (formerly ISET) with electrolysis to create the "power-to-gas" concept for energy storage. A first pilot plant was built by ZSW Stuttgart on behalf of SolarFuel in 2009. This plant proves the technical feasibility of the new technology. Renewable gas is stored, transported and used as required as control and reserve energy via reconversion, e.g. in combined cycle power plants. In this way, decentrally generated renewable electricity is converted into a CO2 -neutral energy carrier with high energy density. The key advantage of renewable methane is the use of existing infrastructure such as gas grids, gas storage and end-use equipment for the integration of renewable energy. Technologies for natural gas are state of the art and commercially available. Methane also has three times the energy density of hydrogen. T2 - Energy-economic and ecological evaluation of a windgas offer (Power-to-Gas) Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.25093.68328 PB - Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology CY - Kassel ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Zacherl, Florian A1 - Wopper, Christoph A1 - Mieslinger, Johann A1 - Peis, Michael A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter T1 - Schlussbericht zum Verbundvorhaben NAMOSYN: Nachhaltige Mobilität durch synthetische Kraftstoffe BT - Cluster FC1A: OME Für Dieselmotoren - Motorische Testung; Cluster FC2: C1-O Systeme für Ottomotoren N2 - Im Labor für Verbrennungsmotoren und Abgasnachbehandlung der OTH-Regensburg sollten im Zuge des NAMOSYN-Projektes zwei Vertreter klimaneutraler Kraftstoffe an verschiedenen Systemprüfständen (Motor-, Einspritzprüfstand, optisch zugängliche Einspritzkammer, …) und mit Hilfe von Simulationsmethoden für den Einsatz in bestehenden Verbrennungsmotoren untersucht werden. Synthetische Kraftstoffe aus der Gruppe der Oxymethylenether (OME) stellen eine CO2-neutrale Alternative zu fossilem Dieselkraftstoff dar. Für Ottomotoren wurde untersucht, ob der synthetische Kraftstoff DMC/MeFo (Dimethylcarbonat & Methylformiat) einen Ersatz für Ottokraftstoff darstellen kann, bzw. eine Drop-In-Fähigkeit gegeben ist. Die OTH Regensburg bearbeitete 2 unabhängige Teilvorhaben zur motorischen Testung von synthetischen Kraftstoffen: „FC 1A: Motorische Testung von OME“ und „FC 2: Untersuchung von C1-Oxygenaten für Ottomotoren“. Die Projektlaufzeit betrug 3,5 Jahre, inkl. kostenneutraler Verlängerung um 6 Monate aufgrund der Corona-Pandemie. Im FC1A "AP2-Nachrüstung Dieselmotoren" der OTH Regensburg lag der Fokus auf der Erforschung der Potentiale und der Umrüstung eines Einzylinder-Dieselmotors mit Pumpe-Leitung-Düse-(PLD)-Einspritzsystem des Projektpartners Motorenfabrik Hatz GmbH und Co. KG für OME-Betrieb. Im AP2.1 wurden umfangreiche Daten gesammelt und Simulationsmodelle des Motors und PLD-Einspritzsystems erstellt und mit Dieselkraftstoff und OME validiert. Nachfolgend wurden Parameterstudien zur Geometrie des Einspritzsystems und der physikalischen Eigenschaften von OME durchgeführt. In AP2.2 und AP2.3 wurden umfangreiche Untersuchungen an einem Motor- und Einspritzsystemprüfstand mit Diesel und OME durchgeführt und der Steuergerätedatensatz für den OME-Betrieb optimiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Umstellung des Kraftstoffs auf OME, insbesondere bei einfachen Motoren mit rudimentärer Einspritztechnik und ohne Mittel zur NOx-Reduzierung (keine AGR oder SCR), ein enormes Potenzial zur Steigerung des Wirkungsgrads bei gleichzeitiger Reduzierung aller regulierten Schadstoffe (NOx, 𝑃N, 𝑃M, CO und 𝑉OC) eröffnet. Die Ergebnisse und generierten Simulationsmodelle unterstützen eine schnelle Serienentwicklung und Einführung von OME-Umrüstlösungen. In FC 2 werden die vielversprechenden Kraftstoffe Methylformiat (MeFo) und Dimethylcarbonat (DMC) motorisch getestet. Untersuchungen am Kraftstoffsystem und wichtigen Komponenten dienen als Grundlage für das AP3. Im AP3 wird die Machbarkeit der DMC/MeFo-Verbrennung am Vollmotor demonstriert und die erwarteten Emissionsvorteile gegenüber herkömmlichen Ottokraftstoffen gezeigt. Abweichend von der ursprünglichen Planung werden an der OTH Regensburg Kraftstoffblends aus Benzin und MeFo untersucht, um den Einsatzbereich des Kraftstoffs zu erweitern. In AP5 werden potentielle Mischungsverhältnisse analysiert und die Eigenschaften der ausgewählten Kraftstoffmischungen an einem Einspritzratenprüfstand, an der Einspritzkammer und am Vollmotor untersucht. Es werden Einspritzverhalten, Gemischaufbereitung und Abgasemissionen bewertet. Zudem wird eine Kraftstoffmischanlage entwickelt und ein optischer Zugang am Vollmotor ermöglicht. Eine Ölverdünnungsmesstechnik wird eingesetzt, um den Kraftstoffeintrag ins Motoröl zu untersuchen KW - Synthetische Kraftstoffe KW - OME KW - DMC KW - MeFo KW - E-Fuels Y1 - 2023 CY - Regensburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schümann, Malte A1 - Morich, J. A1 - Kaufhold, T. A1 - Böhm, Valter A1 - Zimmermann, Klaus A1 - Odenbach, Stefan T1 - A mechanical characterisation on multiple timescales of electroconductive magnetorheological elastomers JF - Magnetism and Magnetic Materials N2 - Magnetorheological elastomers are a type of smart hybrid material which combines elastic properties of a soft elastomer matrix with magnetic properties of magnetic micro particles. This leads to a material with magnetically controllable mechanical properties of which the magnetorheological effect is the best known. The addition of electroconductive particles to the polymer mix adds electrical properties to the material behaviour. The resulting electrical resistance of the sample can be manipulated by external magnetic fields and mechanical loads. This results in a distinct interplay of mechanical, electrical and magnetic effects with a highly complex time behaviour. In this paper a mechanical characterisation on multiple time scales was conducted to get an insight on the short and long-term electrical and mechanical behaviour of this novel material. The results show a complex resistivity behaviour on several timescales, sensitive to magnetic fields and strain velocity. The observed material exhibits fatigue and relaxation behaviour, whereas the magnetorheological effect appears not to interfere with the piezoresistive properties. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2018.01.029 VL - 453 IS - May SP - 198 EP - 205 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ketterl, Hermann A1 - Heinrich, Tobias A1 - Reitmeier, Torsten A1 - Hoelscher, Clemens ED - Jäkel, Jens ED - Thiel, Robert T1 - Emissionsabhängige Leistungsregelung für BHKW’s T2 - Tagungsband AALE 2020: Automatisierung und Mensch-Technik-Interaktion, 17. Fachkonferenz, 4. bis 6. März 2020, Leipzig Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-8007-5180-8 VL - 2020 PB - VDE-Verlag ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Energieforschung BT - geförderte Projekte 2020 bis 2022 N2 - Über uns Das Regensburg Center of Energy and Resources (RCER) bündelt seit 2012 die Aktivitäten der Ostbayerischen Technischen Hochschule Regensburg (OTH Regensburg) und der regionalen Wirtschaftsunternehmen auf dem Strategiefeld „Energie und Ressourcen“. Mission: Energieforschung: vernetzen, voranbringen, vermitteln Das RCER fördert die Vernetzung verschiedener Disziplinen der Energieforschung innerhalb der OTH Regensburg und mit externen Partnern (Firmen, Förderträgern, Forschungsinstitutionen, öffentlichen Einrichtungen). Das RCER ist Ihr Partner beim Voranbringen von Kooperationen und Forschungsvorhaben durch Unterstützung in der Antragsphase, bei der Einwerbung von Projektmitteln und Projektbegleitung im Energiebereich. Das RCER steht für die Vermittlung von Know-how, Basiswissen, aktuellen Fragen und den Technologietransfer rund um das Thema Energie zwischen Wissenschaft, Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft und Politik. Vision Wir sind Ihr erster Ansprechpartner und Motor für innovative Energieforschung. Werte Verlässlichkeit, Kompetenz, Verantwortungsbewusstsein.Regional verwurzelt und weltoffen Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-65422 PB - OTH Regensburg ET - Ausgabe 2023 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sterner, Michael T1 - Strom - Wärme - Verkehr - Industrie: das Zusammenspiel der Sektoren über Power-to-X T2 - Deutscher Ingenieurtag 2021, Düsseldorf 20. Mai 2021 KW - Erneuerbare Energien KW - Klimaneutralität KW - Energiewende KW - Sektorenkopplung Y1 - 2021 PB - VDI-Verlag ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mikhaeil, Makram A1 - Gaderer, Matthias A1 - Dawoud, Belal T1 - On the application of adsorber plate heat exchangers in thermally driven chillers BT - An experimental and analytical study JF - Applied Thermal Engineering N2 - The effect of both heat and mass transfer characteristic lengths (HTCL, MTCL) of two different adsorber plate heat exchangers (APHE), for application in an adsorption chiller, on the adsorption and desorption kinetics is investigated. Three representative test frames (TF1-TF3) are prepared to examine small-scale adsorbent samples of the microporous silica gel (Siogel of Oker-Chemie, Germany) applying the volumetric large-temperature-jump methodology at different operating conditions. Based on the obtained kinetic data, an analytical model has been developed to predict the specific cooling power (SCP) and the coefficient of performance (COP) of a single-bed adsorption chiller comprising the studied APHEs. It turned out that, within the tested range of HTCL and MTCL, it can be concluded that, the adsorption kinetics are mainly influenced by the MTCL, while the desorption kinetics are dominated by the HTCL of the adsorbent domain. Applying Siogel as loose pellets inside a newly introduced APHE results in of 423.3 and 182.7 W⋅kg−1, at the evaporator temperatures of 15 °C and 5 °C, respectively. Herein, the condenser and adsorber-end temperatures amount to 30 °C and the desorption-end temperature to 90 °C. The corresponding s amount to 0.50 and 0.40, respectively, which represent quite promising results for further design optimizations. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.119713 VL - 220 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frazzica, Andrea A1 - Palomba, Valeria A1 - Dawoud, Belal T1 - Thermodynamic Performance of Adsorption Working Pairs for Low-Temperature Waste Heat Upgrading in Industrial Applications JF - Applied Sciences N2 - The present work aims at the thermodynamic analysis of different working pairs in adsorption heat transformers (AdHT) for low-temperature waste heat upgrade in industrial processes. Two different AdHT configurations have been simulated, namely with and without heat recovery between the adsorbent beds. Ten working pairs, employing different adsorbent materials and four different refrigerants, have been compared at varying working boundary conditions. The effects of heat recovery and the presence of a temperature gradient for heat transfer between sinks/sources and the AdHT components have been analyzed. The achieved results demonstrate the possibility of increasing the overall performance when internal heat recovery is implemented. They also highlight the relevant role played by the existing temperature gradient between heat transfer fluids and components, that strongly affect the real operating cycle of the AdHT and thus its expected performance. Both extremely low, i.e., 40-50 degrees C, and low (i.e., 80 degrees C) waste heat source temperatures were investigated at variable ambient temperatures, evaluating the achievable COP and specific energy. The main results demonstrate that optimal performance can be achieved when 40-50 K of temperature difference between waste heat source and ambient temperature are guaranteed. Furthermore, composite sorbents demonstrated to be the most promising adsorbent materials for this application, given their high sorption capacity compared to pure adsorbents, which is reflected in much higher achievable specific energy. KW - adsorption KW - efficiency KW - heat transformer KW - heat upgrading KW - waste heat KW - working pairs Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083389 VL - 11 IS - 8 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thema, Martin A1 - Weidlich, Tobias A1 - Kaul, Anja A1 - Böllmann, Andrea A1 - Huber, Harald A1 - Bellack, Annett A1 - Karl, Jürgen A1 - Sterner, Michael T1 - Optimized biological CO2-methanation with a pure culture of thermophilic methanogenic archaea in a trickle-bed reactor JF - Bioresource Technology N2 - In this study, a fully automated process converting hydrogen and carbon dioxide to methane in a high temperature trickle-bed reactor was developed from lab scale to field test level. The reactor design and system performance was optimized to yield high methane content in the product gas for direct feed-in to the gas grid. The reaction was catalyzed by a pure culture of Methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicus IM5, which formed a biofilm on ceramic packing elements. During 600 h in continuous and semi-continuous operation in countercurrent flow, the 0.05 m3 reactor produced up to 95.3 % of methane at a methane production rate of 0.35 mCH43mR-3h-1. Adding nitrogen as carrier gas during startup, foam control and dosing of ammonium and sodium sulfide as nitrogen and sulfur source were important factors for process automation. KW - Biological methanation KW - Power-to-Gas KW - Reactor concept KW - Thermophilic archaea KW - Trickle-bed reactor Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125135 IS - 333 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gärtner, Sebastian A1 - Rank, Daniel A1 - Heberl, Michael A1 - Gaderer, Matthias A1 - Dawoud, Belal A1 - Haumer, Anton A1 - Sterner, Michael T1 - Simulation and Techno-Economic Analysis of a Power-to-Hydrogen Process for Oxyfuel Glass Melting JF - Energies N2 - As an energy-intensive industry sector, the glass industry is strongly affected by the increasingly stringent climate protection targets. As established combustion-based production systems ensure high process stability and glass quality, an immediate switch to low greenhouse gas emission processes is difficult. To approach these challenges, this work investigates a step-by-step integration of a Power-to-Hydrogen concept into established oxyfuel glass melting processes using a simulation approach. This is complemented by a case study for economic analysis on a selected German glass industry site by simulating the power production of a nearby renewable energy park and subsequent optimization of the power-to-hydrogen plant performance and capacities. The results of this study indicate, that the proposed system can reduce specific carbon dioxide emissions by up to 60%, while increasing specific energy demand by a maximum of 25%. Investigations of the impact of altered combustion and furnace properties like adiabatic flame temperature (+25 °C), temperature efficiency (∆ξ = −0.003) and heat capacity flow ratio (∆zHL = −0.009) indicate that pure hydrogen-oxygen combustion has less impact on melting properties than assumed so far. Within the case study, high CO2 abatement costs of 295 €/t CO2-eq. were determined. This is mainly due to the insufficient performance of renewable energy sources. The correlations between process scaling and economic parameters presented in this study show promising potential for further economic optimization of the proposed energy system in the future. KW - Power-to-Gas KW - Hydrogen KW - Electrolysis KW - Oxyfuel KW - Glass Industry Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-22713 N1 - Corresponding author: Sebastian Gärtner VL - 14 IS - 24 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schorr, Philipp A1 - Zentner, Lena A1 - Zimmermann, Klaus A1 - Böhm, Valter T1 - Jumping locomotion system based on a multistable tensegrity structure JF - Mechanical systems and signal processing N2 - All known locomotion principles are limited respective to environmental conditions. Often, the occurrence of obstacles or gaps means the break-off for the operating motion systems. For such circumstances, a controllable jumping locomotion is required to cross these barriers. However, this locomotion demands sophisticated requirements to the actuation. The abrupt actuation is commonly realized by high dynamic actuators or complex mechanisms. In this work, a simple solution utilizing the multistability of a compliant tensegrity structure is described. Therefore, a two-dimensional tensegrity structure featuring four stable equilibria is considered. Based on bifurcation analyses a feasible actuation to control the current equilibrium configuration is derived. Changing between selected equilibrium states enables a great difference in potential energy, which yields a jumping motion of the structure. Based on numerical simulations a suitable actuation strategy is chosen to overcome obstacle and steps by jumping forward or backward, respectively. The theoretical approach is examined experimentally with a prototype of the multistable tensegrity structure. (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. All known locomotion principles are limited respective to environmental conditions. Often, the occurrence of obstacles or gaps means the break-off for the operating motion systems. For such circumstances, a controllable jumping locomotion is required to cross these barriers. However, this locomotion demands sophisticated requirements to the actuation. The abrupt actuation is commonly realized by high dynamic actuators or complex mechanisms. In this work, a simple solution utilizing the multistability of a compliant tensegrity structure is described. Therefore, a two-dimensional tensegrity structure featuring four stable equilibria is considered. Based on bifurcation analyses a feasible actuation to control the current equilibrium configuration is derived. Changing between selected equilibrium states enables a great difference in potential energy, which yields a jumping motion of the structure. Based on numerical simulations a suitable actuation strategy is chosen to overcome obstacle and steps by jumping forward or backward, respectively. The theoretical approach is examined experimentally with a prototype of the multistable tensegrity structure. KW - Compliant tensegrity structure KW - Multibody dynamics KW - Multistability KW - Non-classical locomotion Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2020.107384 IS - 152 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Emberger, Peter A1 - Altmann, Robert A1 - Gebhard, Jürgen A1 - Thuneke, Klaus A1 - Winkler, Markus A1 - Töpfer, Georg A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Remmele, Edgar T1 - Combustion characteristics of pure rapeseed oil fuel after injection in a constant volume combustion chamber with a non-road mobile machinery engine solenoid injector JF - Fuel N2 - Pure rapeseed oil fuel (R100) according to standard DIN 51605 is a greenhouse gas saving option for the mobility sector. With its high energy density close to diesel fuel, R100 is suitable to operate non-road mobile machinery with a high power demand and long operating time, where electric drives reach their limits. Advantages are indicated for its use in environmentally sensitive areas like agriculture since R100 is highly biodegradable and non-toxic. However, R100 is characterised by differing physical and chemical properties compared to diesel. The objective of the research is to investigate the differences in the ignition and combustion behaviour of R100 compared to diesel fuel (DF). For this purpose, a constant volume combustion chamber is used, which is equipped with a modern solenoid injector for engines of non-road mobile machinery. The researched injector shows a different hydraulic behaviour when using R100 compared to DF in that the injected fuel mass is lower with R100 than with DF. In combination with the 14 % by mass lower calorific value, less energy output is determined with R100. When varying the injection pressure, the impact on the ignition delay and combustion behaviour is much higher for R100 than for DF. Specifically, an increase of the injection pressure supports mixture preparation and thus partially compensates the differing physical properties of R100. The results of ignition delay measurements and net heat release analysis are as follows: At low load conditions with low injection pressure as well as a low combustion chamber temperature and pressure, R100 ignites later and shows a further delayed combustion compared to diesel. The opposite is observed for medium and high load conditions, where R100 ignites faster and without delayed combustion in comparison to DF. Thus, an adjustment of the heat release of R100 at the same level as for DF is possible by modifying the injection strategy. The research shows that for an optimised combustion of R100 the injection settings must be adjusted for every operation point separately. The results indicate how the injection parameters should be adjusted for different load conditions to realise a high-quality engine calibration for R100. KW - Constant volume combustion chamber KW - Ignition behaviour KW - Non-road mobile machinery KW - Rapeseed oil fuel KW - Solenoid injector KW - Straight vegetable oil fuel Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123979 IS - 320 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tremmel, Florian A1 - Nagler, O. A1 - Kutter, C. A1 - Holmer, Rainer T1 - Smart Cantilever Probe with Integrated Force and Acoustic Emission Sensor T2 - 2023 IEEE SENSORS, Vienna, Austria, 10/29/2023 - 11/1/2023 N2 - Acoustic emission (AE) testing recently found its application in the wafer testing sector of the semiconductor industry. To find out the mechanical robustness of semiconductor devices, contact pads on the chip surface are intentionally overstressed with an indenter tip and the appearing oxide cracks are detected with help of the generated AE signals. This is done in a customized test bench with a patented sensor-indenter system. This paper presents an improved version of the measurement setup that solves certain disadvantages of it and can be used in a standard wafer prober. The main components of the developed sensor system are a strain gauge for contact force measurement and a piezoelectric sensor element for AE signal detection. Both components are integrated on a cantilever beam which has an exchangeable indenter tip at its free end. The cantilever probe is electrically conductive to enable electrical tests via the indenter tip. This smart sensor-cantilever combination (SCC) can be mounted with several adapter components on a carrier plate to place it in a wafer prober. For both sensor elements amplifier circuits are developed to enhance their signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). A prototype setup is shown together with simulated and experimental results to demonstrate its performance. The mechanical properties of the cantilever, as well as the force sensor and the AE crack signals, already fulfill the requirements for an implementation in a wafer prober. To further improve the sensor resolutions and detection limits, several optimizations regarding the design of the SCC are in progress. KW - Acoustic emission testing KW - piezoelectric sensor KW - strain gauge KW - operational amplifier circuit Y1 - 2023 SN - 979-8-3503-0387-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS56945.2023.10325021 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - IEEE ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thema, Martin A1 - Bauer, Franz A1 - Sterner, Michael T1 - Power-to-Gas: Electrolysis and methanation status review JF - Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews N2 - This review gives a worldwide overview on Power-to-Gas projects producing hydrogen or renewable substitute natural gas focusing projects in central Europe. It deepens and completes the content of previous reviews by including hitherto unreviewed projects and by combining project names with details such as plant location. It is based on data from 153 completed, recent and planned projects since 1988 which were evaluated with regards to plant allocation, installed power development, plant size, shares and amounts of hydrogen or substitute natural gas producing examinations and product utilization phases. Cost development for electrolysis and carbon dioxide methanation was analyzed and a projection until 2030 is given with an outlook to 2050. The results show substantial cost reductions for electrolysis as well as for methanation during the recent years and a further price decline to less than 500 euro per kilowatt electric power input for both technologies until 2050 is estimated if cost projection follows the current trend. Most of the projects examined are located in Germany, Denmark, the United States of America and Canada. Following an exponential global trend to increase installed power, today's Power-to-Gas applications are operated at about 39 megawatt. Hydrogen and substitute natural gas were investigated on equal terms concerning the number of projects. KW - Biological CO2-Methanation KW - Chemical CO2-Methanation KW - Cost-development KW - Electrolysis KW - Power-to-Gas Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-26238 N1 - Corresponding author: Martin Thema VL - 112 IS - 7 SP - 775 EP - 787 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Prem, Nina T1 - Magnetically enhanced photoconductive high voltage control JF - ISSS Journal of Micro and Smart Systems N2 - The recent surge of interest in electrostatic actuators, particularly for soft robotic applications, has placed increasing demands on high voltage control technology. In this respect, optoelectronic bidirectional switching and analogue regulation of high voltages is becoming increasingly important. One common problem is the leakage current due to dark resistance of the material or device used. Another is the physical size of such elements. However, their ability to provide galvanic separation makes them a very attractive alternative to conventional (wired) semiconductor elements. This paper gives an overview of available methods and devices before introducing a concept based on the combination of photoresistive and magnetoresistive effects in Gallium Arsenide that are potentially applicable to other semiconductor materials. KW - GaAs KW - High voltage actuators KW - Magnetoresistance KW - Opto-sensors KW - Photoconduction KW - Soft robotics Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-30606 N1 - Corresponding author: Gareth J. Monkman VL - 11 SP - 317 EP - 328 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haug, Sonja A1 - Vetter, Miriam T1 - Altersgerechtes Wohnen im Quartier JF - Standort - Zeitschrift für angewandte Geographie N2 - Im Alter nimmt das Quartier aufgrund geringerer Aktionsradien an Bedeutung zu. Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Frage, welche Besonderheiten sich bei Senioren-Haushalten im Hinblick auf Wohnen und soziale Teilhabe zeigen. Aus dem Projekt MAGGIE werden Ergebnisse einer schriftlichen Haushaltsbefragung (N=195) in der Wohngenossenschaft Margaretenau Regensburg dargestellt. Hierbei wird auf die aktuelle und zukünftige Wohnsituation, den Veränderungsbedarf, den Wunsch nach Gemeinschaftsangeboten und die soziale Einbettung eingegangen. Es zeigt sich eine geringe Veränderungsbereitschaft und ein überdurchschnittlich hohes Maß an lokalem Sozialkapital. Am Ende werden Schlussfolgerungen für das Sanierungs- und Quartiersmanagement gezogen. T2 - Age-appropriate living in the neighborhood KW - Alter KW - Wohnen KW - Stadtviertel KW - Sozialraum KW - Senioren KW - Wohnsituation KW - Sozialraum KW - Lokales Sozialkapital KW - Quartiersgestaltung Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00548-020-00678-3 SN - 1432-220X N1 - Corresponding author: Sonja Haug VL - 45 SP - 11 EP - 17 PB - Springer Nature ER -