TY - CHAP A1 - Alexander, Grimm A1 - Haumer, Anton T1 - Parametrization Of A Simplified Physical Battery Model T2 - Proceedings of the 13th International Modelica Conference, March 4-6, 2019, Regensburg, Germany N2 - The importance of batteries is increasing, especially in the field of the high power requirement systems like electric driven vehicles. Mobile energy storage makes it possible to accelerate with incredible torque, without any accruing air pollution. Due to the high costs of real components, it is of great use to simulate battery driven systems before building them. Transient processes within a cell are highly dependent on the operating point of the complete system, which makes it difficult to create equations and model arameterizations. This paper shows which data is important for cell modeling and how to parameterize simplified physical cell models. KW - battery parameterization KW - physical battery model KW - simplified battery model Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3384/ecp19157215 SP - 215 EP - 220 PB - Linköing University Electronic Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Selmair, Maximilian A1 - Maurer, Tobias A1 - Lai, Chun-Han A1 - Grant, David T1 - Enhancing the efficiency of charging & parking processes for Autonomous Mobile Robot fleets BT - A simulative evaluation JF - Journal of Power Sources N2 - The allocation of tasks to Autonomous Mobile Robots in a production setting in combination with the most efficient parking and charging processes are the focus of this paper. This study presents a simulative evaluation of the theoretical allocation methods developed in Selmair and Maurer (2020) combined with either hard or dynamic availability rules to ascertain the most efficient parameters of an Autonomous Mobile Robot System. In order to quantify this efficiency, the following Key Performance Indicator (KPI) were considered: number of delayed orders, driven fleet metres and the percentage of available Autonomous Mobile Robot as determined by their state of charge. Additionally, as an alternative energy source, a fast-charging battery developed by Battery Streak Inc. was included in this study. The results show that, in comparison to a conventional and commonly used trivial strategy, our developed strategies provide superior results in terms of the relevant KPI. KW - AMR KW - Autonomous Mobile Robot KW - Battery charging KW - Battery management systems KW - Benchmarking KW - Fleet operations KW - Mobile robots KW - NAVIGATION KW - Secondary batteries KW - Vehicle Fleet Charging Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230894 VL - 521 IS - 3 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav A1 - Holicky, Milan A1 - Jung, Karel A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris T1 - Human safety criteria for risk-based structural design JF - International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering N2 - Risk and reliability criteria are well established in many industrial sectors such as the offshore, chemi- cal or nuclear industries. Comparative risk thresholds have been specified to allow a responsible organization or regulator to identify activities, which impose an acceptable level of risk concerning the participating individuals, or society as a whole. The scope of this contribution is to present target reliability criteria based on acceptable human safety levels. Application of theoretical principles is illustrated by examples of railway engineering structures. Initially it is shown how civil engineering structures for which human safety criteria play a role are classified according to Eurocodes. Examples include bridges, tunnels or station buildings. The general concepts for risk acceptance are then briefly reviewed, particularly in their relation to the target reliability criteria. The distinction between the two types of criteria is made: group risk and the acceptance criterion based on the Life Quality Index LQI approach introduced by ISO 2394:2015. The differences between the criteria for new and existing structures are discussed. The application is illustrated by an example of a bridge crossing an important railway line. It appears that while benefits and costs of a private stakeholder or public authority are reflected by economic optimisation, the society should define the limits for human safety to achieve uniform risks for various daily-life activities and across different industrial sectors. Keywords: group risk, human safety, individual risk, Life Quality Index, railway, risk acceptance, structure, target reliability KW - individual risk KW - group risk KW - human safety KW - Life Quality Index KW - railway KW - risk acceptance KW - structure KW - target reliability Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2495/SAFE-V8-N2-287-298 VL - 8 IS - 2 SP - 287 EP - 298 PB - WIT Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav A1 - Lenzi, Daniele T1 - Optimising Monitoring: Standards, Reliability Basis and Application to Assessment of Roof Snow Load Risks JF - Structural Engineering International N2 - This paper addresses the optimisation of monitoring and decision-making criteria regarding the future use of structures. The current state of practice in standards and reliability framework are initially summarised. A general methodology for obtaining cost-optimal decisions is then presented on the basis of limit state design, probabilistic reliability analysis and cost estimates. The implementation of the risk-based approach is illustrated in a case study dealing with the roof of a stadium located in northern Italy. As the roof fails to comply with the requirements of the Eurocodes, the installation of a permanent monitoring system is recommended to allow for a real-time reliability assessment. The results demonstrate the potential of monitoring systems and probabilistic reliability analysis for supporting decisions regarding safety measures such as snow removal or temporary closure of the stadium, as well as reflecting the need to implement the discussed procedures in future standards. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10168664.2018.1462131 VL - 28 IS - 3 SP - 269 EP - 279 PB - Taylor&Francis ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav T1 - Implementing Information Gained through Structural Health Monitoring – Proposal for Standards T2 - 13th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering, Mai 2019, Seoul, Korea N2 - With exception of a few issues such as design by testing, current standards do not include guidelines on the use and the quantification of value of additional information gained through Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). This contribution summarizes a recently developed draft of the guideline for practicing engineers in the framework of the EU-COST project 1402 and illustrates its application in engineering decision-making. Besides continuous and periodic monitoring, visual inspection, non-destructive evaluation and proof loading are included herein as a simple form of SHM. The guideline is independent of a type of structure, construction materials, loading, and of environmental conditions. It aims at a wide field of application including design of new structures, assessment of existing structures and type specific monitoring of a population of structures. The decision process related to the use of SHM is presented first together with relevant decision objectives and variables. Performance indicators are summarized and discussed with respect to the performance objectives. The evaluation of monitoring strategies based on life cycle costs is exposed and the selection of optimal intervention actions including safety measures is shown in representative case studies. The results demonstrate the potential of the use of monitoring to support engineering decisions and reflect though the practical benefits from the application of the guideline. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333578633_Implementing_Information_Gained_through_Structural_Health_Monitoring_-Proposal_for_Standards ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Briem, Ulrich ED - Scholten, Jan T1 - Neue Methode zur Bestimmung der Biegesteifigkeit von Drahtseilen T2 - Der Kran - Leistungssteigerung, Leichtbau und Automatisierung : 27. Internationale Kranfachtagung 2019 : Begleitband zur Kranfachtagung am 07. März 2019 in Bochum Y1 - 2019 SN - 3-89194-226-5 SP - 103 EP - 112 PB - Selbstverlag der Ruhr-Universität Bochum CY - Bochum ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Briem, Ulrich T1 - Lebensdauerverhalten verdichteter Seildrähte T2 - Ilmenauer Drahttag 2019 Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3- 938843-96-3 SP - 73 EP - 82 PB - ISLE Steuerungstechnik und Leistungselektronik CY - Ilmenau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav A1 - Bertacca, Elena T1 - Obsolescence Rate: Framework, Analysis and Influence on Risk Acceptance Criteria T2 - 6th International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering (IALCCE), Ghent, Belgium N2 - Buildings are major long lasting assets of the society and business enterprises and form a significant part of infrastructure management. They require continual maintenance and in many cases they can become inap-propriate for their original purpose due to obsolescence and are demolished. The present contribution ex-plores the obsolescence of buildings and in particular the definitions of obsolescence, the related influenc-ing factors and the associated uncertainties. Thereby definitions of the obsolescence rate based on the physi-cal and useful (service) life are clarified. The experienced useful life of buildings in Finland, Germany and North America is statistically analysed, utilizing available databases, and comparisons with the design (minimum) working life specified in standards are made. The probability of not exceeding the required min-imum service life is evaluated and discussed. Whereas many factors affecting the obsolescence rate are be-yond the control of civil engineers, particular attention needs to be paid to cases where the service life of the structure is determined by physical aspects related to deterioration. These cases are identified and recom-mendations to improve structural design are offered. The service life and the related renewal rate is influ-encing the risk acceptance criteria as given in ISO 2394. Such criteria are derived on the basis of economic optimization and the LQI marginal safety costs principle. A statistical model for the renewal rate is obtained and its influence on the target reliability is investigated for a representative failure limit state. The influence of the obsolescence rate is quantified and critically disputed. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328578867_Obsolescence_Rate_Framework_Analysis_and_Influence_on_Risk_Acceptance_Criteria ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frazzica, Andrea A1 - Palomba, Valeria A1 - Dawoud, Belal A1 - Gullì, Giuseppe A1 - Brancato, Vincenza A1 - Sapienza, Alessio A1 - Vasta, Salvatore A1 - Freni, Angelo A1 - Costa, Fabio A1 - Restuccia, Giovanni T1 - Design, realization and testing of an adsorption refrigerator based on activated carbon/ethanol working pair JF - Applied Energy N2 - In the present paper design, realization and testing of a novel small scale adsorption refrigerator prototype based on activated carbon/ethanol working pair is described. Firstly, experimental activity has been carried out for identification of the best performing activated carbon available on the market, through the evaluation of the achievable thermodynamic performance both under air conditioning and refrigeration conditions. Once identified the best performing activated carbon, the design of the adsorber was developed by experimental dynamic performance analysis, carried out by means of the Gravimetric-Large Temperature Jump (G-LTJ) apparatus available at CNR ITAE lab. Finally, the whole 0.5 kW refrigerator prototype was designed and built. First experimental results both under reference air conditioning and refrigeration cycles have been reported, to check the achievable performance. High Specific Cooling Powers (SCPs), 95 W/kg and 50 W/kg, for air conditioning and refrigeration respectively, were obtained, while the COP ranged between 0.09 and 0.11, thus showing an improvement of the current state of the art. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Activated carbon KW - ADSORBENTS KW - adsorption KW - Ammonia KW - CARBON KW - CHILLER KW - COOLING SYSTEMS KW - Corrosion KW - DRIVEN KW - Ethanol KW - ETHANOL ADSORPTION KW - PERFORMANCE KW - Refrigeration KW - waste heat Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.04.080 VL - 174 SP - 15 EP - 24 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chatzitakis, Paris A1 - Dawoud, Belal T1 - An alternative approach towards absorption heat pump working pair screening JF - Renewable Energy N2 - The successful market penetration of modern absorption heat pumps (AHP) today is critically dependent on their thermodynamic performance as well as other key factors like cost, reliability and inherent safety. Conventional AHPs have a proven record in the first two aspects but crucial shortcomings in the last two. For this reason it has been imperative to search for alternative working pairs that could potentially provide comparable performance while also satisfying the rest of the conditions to the best extent possible. As part of a systematic approach towards this direction, a detailed cycle analysis was performed, utilizing an idealized AHP system containing a real working pair, which enabled the identification of five dimensionless parameters and key thermophysical properties that influence the system's thermodynamic efficiency and the circulation ratio. In order to validate those findings, these parameters were calculated and compared between conventional and alternative AHP refrigerants. It turned out that low molecular weight ratios between absorbent and refrigerant have a beneficial effect on both coefficient of performance and the circulation ratio. Furthermore, both the refrigerant acentric factor and the absorbent vaporization enthalpy shall be minimized to obtain better performance. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Absorption heat pump KW - Coefficient of performance KW - FLUIDS KW - Working pair Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.08.014 VL - 110 SP - 47 EP - 58 PB - Pergamon-Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dechant, Eduard A1 - Fedulov, Feodor A1 - Chashin, Dmitri V. A1 - Fetisov, Leonid Y. A1 - Fetisov, Yuri K. A1 - Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail T1 - Low-frequency, broadband vibration energy harvester using coupled oscillators and frequency up-conversion by mechanical stoppers JF - Smart Materials and Structures N2 - The frequencies of ambient vibrations are often low (below 30 Hz). A broadband (3 dB bandwidth is larger than 10 Hz at an acceleration amplitude of 9.81 m s(-2)) vibration based energy harvester is proposed for transducing mechanical energy at such low frequencies into electrical energy. The mechanical setup converts low frequency mechanical vibrations into high frequency resonance oscillations of the transducer. This conversion is done by mechanical impacts on two mechanical stoppers. The originality of the presented design is that both low-frequency and high-frequency oscillators are permanently mechanically coupled. In the equivalent mechanical circuit, this coupling is achieved by connecting the ends of the stiff spring to both seismic masses, whereas one seismic mass (collison member) is also attached to the soft spring used as the constitutive element of a low-frequency oscillator. Further, both mechanical oscillators are not realized as conventional cantilever beams. In particular, the high frequency oscillator with the natural frequency of 340 Hz is a disc-shaped diaphragm with attached piezoelectric elements and a seismic mass. It is shown that it is possible to convert mechanical vibrations with acceleration amplitude of 9.81 m s(-2) in the region between approximately 7 and 25 Hz into electrical power larger than 0.1 mW with the maximum value of 0.8 mW. A simplified mathematical model based on piecewise linear coupled oscillators shows good agreement with experimental results. The ways to enhance the performance of the harvester and improve agreement with experiments are discussed. KW - broadband KW - efficiency KW - frequency up-conversion KW - low frequency KW - mechanical stoppers KW - Modeling KW - OUTPUT KW - Piezoelectric transducer KW - vibration energy harvesting Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/aa6e92 VL - 26 IS - 6 PB - IOP Publishing ER - TY - JOUR A1 - da Silva Mota, Fabio Antonio A1 - Hinckel, Jose Nivaldo A1 - Rocco, Evandro Marconi A1 - Schlingloff, Hanfried T1 - Modeling and Analysis of a LOX/Ethanol Liquid Rocket Engine JF - Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management N2 - This work studies the performance and dry mass of the under development LOX/Ethanol L75 liquid rocket engine. To this end, an object-oriented program written in C++ was developed. The program is intended to be versatile and easily extensible in order to analyze different configurations of liquid rocket engines. The UML (Unified Modeling Language) tool is used to model the architecture of the codes. UML diagrams help to visualize the code structure and the communication between objects, enabling a high degree of abstraction. The cryogenics Vulcain and HM7B engines power cycles along with the staged-combustion SSME engine perform the verification of the codes. Finally, the influence of changes in design parameters on the performance and dry mass of the L75 rocket engine is analyzed. KW - Ethanol KW - Liquid rocket engines KW - Modeling Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5028/jatm.v10.914 VL - 10 PB - Inst Aeronautica & Espaco-IAE ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dawoud, Belal T1 - On the development of an innovative gas-fired heating appliance based on a zeolite-water adsorption heat pump; system description and seasonal gas utilization efficiency JF - Applied Thermal Engineering N2 - The main objective of this work is to introduce an innovative hybrid heating appliance incorporating a gas condensing boiler and a zeolite-water adsorption heat pump. The condensing boiler is applied to drive the zeolite-water heat pump for the heating base-load and to assist the heat pump in the so called “mixed operation” mode, in which both the heat pump and the condensing boiler are working in series to cover medium heating demands. Peak heating demands are covered by the condensing boiler in the so called “direct heating” mode. The three operation modes of the hybrid heating appliance have been technically described. In addition, the laboratory test conditions for estimating the seasonal heating performance according to the German Guideline VDI 4650-2 have been introduced. For both heating systems 35/28 °C and 55/45 °C, which represent the typical operating conditions of floor and high temperature radiating heating systems in Europe, seasonal heating gas utilization efficiencies of 1.34 and 1.26 have been measured, respectively with a ground heat source. In two field test installations in one-family houses in Germany, the introduced heating appliance showed 27% more seasonal gas utilization efficiency for heating and domestic hot water production, which is equivalent to a CO2-emission reduction of 20% compared to the gas condensing boiler technology. KW - Adsorption heat pump KW - Falling film evaporator KW - Gas utilization efficiency KW - Seasonal performance KW - Zeolite-water Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.09.008 VL - 72 IS - 2 SP - 323 EP - 330 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Palomba, Valeria A1 - Dawoud, Belal A1 - Sapienza, Alessio A1 - Vasta, Salvatore A1 - Frazzica, Andrea T1 - On the impact of different management strategies on the performance of a two-bed activated carbon/ethanol refrigerator: An experimental study JF - Energy conversion and management N2 - In the present work, an experimental study on a lab-scale adsorption refrigerator, based on activated carbon/ethanol working pair is reported. An extensive testing campaign has been carried out at the CNR ITAE laboratory, with multiple aims. First, the performance has been evaluated in terms of both COP and Specific Cooling Power (SCP), under different boundary conditions, including both air conditioning and refrigeration applications. Attractive SCPs, up to 180 W/kg and 70 W/kg for air conditioning and refrigeration, respectively, were measured. Under the same conditions, COP between 0.17 and 0.08 were obtained. In addition, different management strategies, namely, heat recovery between adsorbers and re-allocation of phase durations, were evaluated to identify their influence on the system. Both strategies confirmed the possibility of increasing COP and SCP up to 40% and 25%, respectively. Moreover, a design analysis based on the experimental results has been carried out, to suggest possible improvements of the system. The obtained results demonstrated the possibility of employing a non-toxic refrigerant like ethanol reaching performance comparable with other harmful refrigerants like ammonia and methanol. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Activated carbon KW - Adsorption refrigeration KW - ADSORPTION REFRIGERATOR KW - CARBON KW - Corrosion KW - DRIVEN KW - DYNAMICS KW - Ethanol KW - ETHANOL ADSORPTION KW - experimental testing KW - HEAT-RECOVERY KW - IMPROVEMENT KW - Management strategy KW - MASS KW - waste heat Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.03.055 VL - 142 SP - 322 EP - 333 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Niemetz, Michael A1 - Hänninen, Risto A1 - Schoepe, Wilfried T1 - On the Transition from Potential Flow to Turbulence Around a Microsphere Oscillating in Superfluid 4He JF - Journal of low temperature physics N2 - The flow of superfluid around a translationally oscillating sphere, levitating without mechanical support, can either be laminar or turbulent, depending on the velocity amplitude. Below a critical velocity that scales as and is temperature independent below 1 K, the flow is laminar (potential flow). Below 0.5 K, the linear drag force is caused by ballistic phonon scattering that vanishes as until background damping, measured in the empty cell, becomes dominant for K. Increasing the velocity amplitude above leads to a transition from potential flow to turbulence, where the large turbulent drag force varies as . In a small velocity interval % above , the flow is unstable below 0.5 K, switching intermittently between both patterns. From time series recorded at constant temperature and driving force, the lifetimes of both phases are analyzed statistically. We observe metastable states of potential flow which, after a mean lifetime of 25 min, ultimately break down due to vorticity created by natural background radioactivity. The lifetimes of the turbulent phases have an exponential distribution, and the mean increases exponentially with . We investigate the frequency at which the vortex rings are shed from the sphere. Our results are compared with recent data of other authors on vortex shedding by moving a laser beam through a Bose-Einstein condensate. Finally, we show that our observed transition to turbulence belongs to the class of "supertransient chaos" where lifetimes of the turbulent states increase faster than exponentially. KW - Bose-Einstein condensates KW - Critical velocity KW - DYNAMICS KW - EINSTEIN CONDENSED GAS KW - HE-4 KW - HELIUM KW - LAMINAR KW - MK TEMPERATURES KW - ONSET KW - Oscillatory flow KW - Quantum turbulence KW - Superfluid helium KW - Vortex shedding Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-017-1745-7 VL - 187 IS - 3-4 SP - 195 EP - 220 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Braun, Peter A1 - Gebhard, Jürgen A1 - Matysik, Frank-Michael A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter T1 - Potential Technical Approaches for Improving Low-Temperature NOx Conversion of Exhaust Aftertreatment Systems JF - Chemie Ingenieur Technik N2 - Lean-burn engines, such as diesel engines, are widely used in mobile and stationary applications. Operation of lean-burn engines leads to formation of distinct amounts of nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2). Efficient aftertreatment is mandatory to meet legal requirements, especially at low exhaust temperatures, as for the future a decline of the exhaust temperature level can be predicted due to improved engine efficiencies. Within this review, potential technical solutions to enhance the DeNO(x)-aftertreatment efficiency at low exhaust temperatures are presented. KW - DECOMPOSITION KW - Diesel Engine KW - Exhaust aftertreatment KW - IMPACT KW - Low-temperature DeNO(x) KW - NH3 KW - NITRIC-OXIDE KW - Nitrogen oxides KW - OXIDE CATALYST KW - PERFORMANCE KW - PYROLYSIS KW - SCR KW - Selective catalytic reduction KW - SELECTIVE CATALYTIC-REDUCTION KW - UREA HYDROLYSIS Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201700122 VL - 90 IS - 6 SP - 762 EP - 773 PB - WILEY-VCH ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaspar, Marcel A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Mayer, Wolfgang T1 - Ion-Molecule Reaction for the Selective Detection of Hydrocarbons in Diesel Exhaust Gas JF - Chemie Ingenieur Technik N2 - The hydrocarbons present in the diesel exhaust gas are analyzed. A mass spectrometer is used for the measurements, and it operates on the basis of an ion-molecule reaction. This method is especially suitable because it is selective, is as free of fragments as possible, and is highly sensitive to the species that need to be measured. The study shows that numerous hydrocarbons in diesel exhaust gas can be identified. In particular, three molecules, ethyne, ethene and propene, were analyzed online in-depth on an engine test bench under different engine operating conditions. KW - Diesel exhaust gas KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Ion-molecule reaction KW - Mass spectrometry Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201700075 VL - 90 IS - 6 SP - 826 EP - 834 PB - WILEY-VCH ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Barz, Tilman A1 - Seliger, Dominik A1 - Marx, Klemens A1 - Sommer, Andreas A1 - Walter, Sebastian F. A1 - Bock, Hans Georg A1 - Koerkel, Stefan T1 - State and state of charge estimation for a latent heat storage JF - Control Engineering Practice N2 - A nonlinear state observer is designed for a thermal energy storage with solid/liquid phase change material (PCM). Using a physical 2D dynamic model, the observer reconstructs transient spatial temperature fields inside the storage and estimates the stored energy and the state of charge. The observer has been successfully tested with a lab-scale latent heat storage with a single pass tube bundle and the phase change material located in a shell around each tube. It turns out that the observer robustly tracks the real process data with as few as four internal PCM temperature sensors. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Heat conduction in cylindrical shell KW - Kalman filter KW - Latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) KW - MODEL KW - Nonlinear state observer KW - OF-THE-ART KW - Orthogonal collocation KW - PCM KW - PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUES KW - PHASE-CHANGE MATERIAL KW - POLYETHYLENE KW - Reduced model KW - simulation KW - Solidification KW - State of charge (SOC) KW - SYSTEMS KW - THERMAL-ENERGY STORAGE Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2017.11.006 VL - 72 SP - 151 EP - 166 PB - Pergamon-Elsevier d. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rösel, Birgit T1 - Just-in-Time Teaching für einen Grundkurs Regelungstechnik – Ergebnisse und Auswirkungen der Profistufe des Zertifikats Hochschullehre JF - Didaktiknachrichten Y1 - 2018 UR - https://diz-bayern.de/DiNa/06_2018 IS - 06 SP - 66 EP - 71 PB - Zentrum für Hochschuldidaktik (DiZ) ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mühlbauer, Christian A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Rottengruber, Hermann T1 - Acoustic Optimization of Mechatronic Direct Injection Systems and Analysis of the Effects on Robustness in System Operation T2 - SAE International Journal of Advances and Current Practices in Mobility N2 - The tightening of the emission legislation and political and social demands for sustainable mobility are forcing the automotive industry to develop complex, high precision mechatronic drive systems. The increasing precision of mechatronic components generally leads to an increase in structural excitation and thus to a rise in noise. The so-called ticking of the fuel injection system has a rather low sound pressure level compared to the residual engine noise. Nevertheless, the impulsive and high frequency noise character leads to a decline concerning the perception of comfort and sound quality. In order to identify the sound quality of fuel injection systems as a frontloading measure, a system test bench has been developed which represents the structure-borne and airborne sound radiation of the stand-alone injection system in a close to series configuration. In this paper, measures for the acoustic optimization of injection systems and their effects on the robustness of the system are discussed. The focus is on engine idling, since at this operating point the ticking of the injectors and high-pressure pump can be perceived most clearly due to the low masking effects of other noise sources. For this purpose, the injection parameters were measured during full engine operation and transferred to the system test bench. By using a special development control unit, it was possible to modify the parameters, quantify their influence on the acoustic behavior and, based on this, define NVH optimized control strategies. For the robustness evaluation of the NVH optimized control strategies, key functions of the injection system were analyzed under varying boundary conditions in system operation on an injection rate test bench. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-0671 SN - 2641-9645 VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 68 EP - 77 PB - SAE International, Warrendale, PA, United States ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Walter, Stefanie A1 - Schwanzer, Peter A1 - Hagen, Gunter A1 - Haft, Gerhard A1 - Dietrich, Markus A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Moos, Ralf ED - Tille, Thomas T1 - Hochfrequenzsensorik zur direkten Beladungserkennung von Benzinpartikelfiltern T2 - Automobil-Sensorik 3 N2 - In Folge der Verschärfung der gesetzlichen Abgasnormen wurden für direkt-einspritzende Benzinmotoren Partikelfilter notwendig. Zur Beladungsüberwachung können aufgrund stark unterschiedlicher Rahmenbedingungen die aus Dieselmotoren bekannten Systeme, wie dem Differenzdrucksensor, nur eingeschränkt übernommen werden. Ein hochfrequenzbasiertes Verfahren koppelt mittels Antennen elektromagnetische Wellen in das Filtergehäuse ein, deren Ausbreitungsverhalten durch die dielektrischen Eigenschaften des eingelagerten Rußes beeinflusst wird. Hierdurch kann bei Auswertung von Transmissionsdämpfung oder Resonanzfrequenzen die Rußbeladung direkt detektiert werden. Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-662-61259-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-61260-6_7 SP - 185 EP - 208 PB - Springer Vieweg CY - Berlin ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schwanzer, Peter A1 - Mieslinger, Johann A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Dietrich, Markus A1 - Haft, Gerhard A1 - Walter, Stefanie A1 - Hagen, Gunter A1 - Moos, Ralf A1 - Gaderer, Matthias T1 - Monitoring of a Particulate Filter for Gasoline Direct Injection Engines with a Radio-Frequency-Sensor T2 - 11th International Exhaust Gas and Particulate Emissions Forum, 3.-4.3.2020, Ludwigsburg, Germany N2 - In order to comply with future emission regulations, the use of particulate filters in vehicles with direct injection gasoline engines is essential. The current amount of soot and ash in the filter is calculated by a soot load model in the electronic control unit in combination with a differential pressure sensor determining the pressure drop over the particulate filter. Active regeneration is initiated if the calculated amount of soot or the measured differential pressure is too high. This is associated with additional fuel consumption. An on-board diagnosis for the particulate filter is currently not part of the Euro 6d emission standard. For future exhaust emission standards, on-board diagnosis or active monitoring of the particulate filter is conceivable. One of the benefits of monitoring is the fact that unnecessary active regenerations can be avoided. As a result, there is no additional fuel consumption due to misinterpretations of the amount of soot in the filter. For active monitoring of the particulate filter, a radiofrequency (RF-) sensor, that detects the soot loading of the filter with electromagnetic waves directly, can be used. Such a system has the advantage that by utilizing the filter as a sensor more precise information about the current state of the filter, e.g. a possible damage, can be provided. Worst-case considerations of filter damages, tested at an engine test bench show the advantages which are entailed by a system like that. By means of partial regeneration of the particulate filter it is demonstrated how the remaining amount of soot in the filter can be detected in a better way in comparison to the differential pressure sensor by using the RF-sensor. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://eref.uni-bayreuth.de/54655/ N1 - Projekttitel: Load Sensor for GPF; Projekt-ID: AZ-1288-17 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Emmert, Michael A1 - Glück, Sven A1 - Freilinger, Eva A1 - Brandl, Dominik A1 - Schindler, Sebastian A1 - Kaul, Nicolas A1 - Rasp, Franziska A1 - Akstaller, Monika A1 - Wetzel, Daniel A1 - Jupke, Michael A1 - Bodensteiner, Michael A1 - Hohlfeld, Philipp A1 - Böhm, Kevin A1 - Brem, Theresa A1 - Hammer, Pascal A1 - Singer, Thomas A1 - Karing, Maria A1 - Schneider, Viola A1 - Ostermeier, Tobias ED - Meier, Hans ED - Niemetz, Michael ED - Reindl, Andrea T1 - FMS-Berichte (Mai 2021) BT - Seminar zu aktuellen Themen der Elektro- und Informationstechnik N2 - Dieser Bericht entstand auf Initiative der Studierenden des 2020 neu gegründeten Masterstudiengangs „Elektro- und Informationstechnik (MEI)“, die an der Pflichtlehrveranstaltung „Forschungsmethoden und Seminar (FMS)“ im Wintersemester 2020/21 teilnahmen. Diese Lehrveranstaltung hat das Ziel, systematisch an das wissenschaftliche Arbeiten, speziell die Wissenschaftskommunikation, heranzuführen. Daher war geeignete Literatur zu einem individuellen Thema zu recherchieren, Veröffentlichungen auf ihre Relevanz hin zu beurteilen und letztendlich eine eigene Ausarbeitung basierend auf der Literaturrecherche zu erarbeiten und diese in einem Vortrag zu präsentieren. Parallel dazu erfolgte im Theorieteil die entsprechende Hinführung zu den verschiedenen Elementen der Wissenschaftskommunikation: • Bedeutung der Wissenschaftskommunikation für die Arbeit der Ingenieure in Forschung und Entwicklung • Literaturrecherche, Suchmaschinen, Sichtung und Analyse vorhandener Publikationen, Bewertung der Qualität aufgefundener Fachliteratur, Auswahl geeigneter Materialien für die eigene Arbeit • Aufbereitung und Darstellung der recherchierten technischer Inhalte in Form einer seitenanzahlbegrenzten wissenschaftlichen Ausarbeitung • Einhalten formaler Randbedingungen bzgl. Strukturierung, einschl. Bildnachweise und Zitationsstile • Peer-review-Prozess bei wertschätzender Beurteilung der Leistung anderer • Publikumsangepasstes Aufbereiten komplexer fachlicher Inhalte mit hochschulöffentlicher Präsentation der Ergebnisse • Führen mündlicher wissenschaftlicher Diskurse Nachdem die Masterstudierenden in der Regel über noch keine eigene wissenschaftliche Forschungserfahrung bzw. -inhalte verfügen, lag der wählbare Schwerpunkt der Literatursuche auf der Bearbeitung von vorgegeben aktuellen technischen oder gesellschaftspolitischen Forschungsthemen. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-19155 CY - Regensburg ER - TY - RPRT ED - Neuleitner, Nikolaus ED - Steffens, Oliver T1 - Energienutzungsplan für die Gemeinde Sinzing BT - Phase I. Bestandsaufnahme. Ergebnisbericht 1 (12/2011) Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Briem, Ulrich T1 - Die neue VDI 2500 : Faserseilwissen kompakt JF - Logistik für Unternehmen N2 - Die Richtlinie VDI 2500 „Faserseile“ hat 1990 erstmals zusammenfassend den Stand der Technik auf dem Gebiet der Faserseile dargestellt und wertvolle Infor-mationen über Aufbau, Auswahl, Konfek-tionierung und Überwachung von Faser-seilen gegeben. Die jetzt erscheinende zweite Auflage enthält eine Vielzahl wichtiger technischer Neuerungen für die Praxis. Zu nennen sind hier die hochfesten Fasern und deren Beschichtung sowie die erstmals systematisch aufgeführten Sei-lendverbindungen und ein Ausblick auf die zukünftig bedeutsamen sogenannten Hybridseile. Eine Checkliste hilft bei der richtigen Auswahl und Bemessung von Faserseilen. Bei den Normen wurde – soweit möglich – auf europäische Normen verwiesen. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://elibrary.vdi-verlag.de/10.37544/0930-7834-2020-11-12-36/faserseilwissen-kompakt-jahrgang-34-2020-heft-11-12?page=1 IS - 11-12 SP - 36 EP - 37 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Briem, Ulrich T1 - Umlaufbiegewechselzahl von verdichteten Seildrähten JF - Draht Y1 - 2020 UR - https://umformtechnik.net/draht/Inhalte/Aus-der-Forschung/Umlaufbiegewechselzahl-von-verdichteten-Seildraehten IS - 6 SP - 14 EP - 15 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Büttner, Johannes A1 - Bohigas Boladeras, Pere A1 - Gottschalk, Philipp A1 - Kucera, Markus A1 - Waas, Thomas T1 - Performance Isolation of Co-located Workload in a Container-based Architecture for Automobile T2 - 9th International Conference on Ambient Computing, Applications, Services and Technologies 2019, 22-26.09.2019, Porto, Portugal N2 - As the development in the automotive sector is facing upcoming challenges, the demand for in-vehicle computing power capacity increases and the need for flexible hardware and software structures arises, allowing dynamic managament of resources. In this new scenario, software components are to be added, removed, updated and migrated between computing units. To isolate the software components from each other and allow its orchestration, a container-based virtualization approach is being tested throughout this research. The analysis focuses on the question if this virtualization technology could be an option to ensure an interference-free operation. Four different sample applications from the automotive environment are tested for their susceptibility to resource contention. The research on the one hand shows that CPU and memory used by an application can be largely isolated with this technology, but on the other hand, it becomes apparent that support for I/O-heavy usage is currently not implemented sufficiently for container engines. KW - container-based virtualization KW - resource management KW - resource isolation KW - stress testing Y1 - 2019 UR - https://ns2.thinkmind.org/articles/ambient_2019_2_20_40020.pdf SN - 978-1-61208-739-9 SP - 31 EP - 37 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Waas, Thomas ED - Ahmet, Yavuz Oral ED - Zehra, Banu Oral ED - Mehmet, Sezer ED - Mehmet, Emre Aköz ED - Seda, Kol ED - Onur, Alp ED - Aksan, Vala ED - Can, Aşkan ED - Gamze, Sekicek T1 - Energy Monitoring and Saving in Medium-Sized Companies T2 - 5th International Congress on Energy Efficiency & Energy Related Materials (ENEFM 2019), Gebze Technical University, Turkey, Book of Abstracts Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Brunner, Stefan A1 - Röder, Jürgen A1 - Kucera, Markus A1 - Waas, Thomas T1 - Automotive E/E-architecture enhancements by usage of ethernet TSN T2 - 13th Workshop on Intelligent Solutions in Embedded Systems (WISES), 12-13 June 2017, Hamburg, Germany N2 - A huge upheaval emerges from the transition to autonomous vehicles in the domain of road vehicles, ongoing with a change in the vehicle architecture. Many sensors and Electronic Control Units are added to the current vehicle architecture and further safety requirements like reliability become even more necessary. In this paper we present a potential evolution of the Electrical/Electronic-Architecture, including a Zone Architecture, to enable future functionality. We reveal the impact on the communication network concerning these architectures and present a potential communication technology to facilitate such architectures. KW - Logic gates KW - Computer architecture KW - Standards KW - Quality of service KW - Complexit KW - Kraftfahrzeug KW - Softwarearchitektur KW - TSN-Netz Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/WISES.2017.7986925 SP - 9 EP - 13 PB - IEEE ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schroll-Decker, Irmgard T1 - Rezension zu: Ethik des Wissens. Freiheit und Verantwortung der Wissenschaft in Zeiten des Klimawandels. oekom Verlag (München) 2019. ISBN 978-3-96238-163-9 JF - socialnet Rezensionen Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.socialnet.de/rezensionen/26341.php SN - 2190-9245 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Braun, Peter A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Matysik, Frank-Michael T1 - Investigations on the Liquid-Phase Decomposition of AdBlue Urea for the Selective Catalytic Reduction Process JF - Chemie Ingenieur Technik N2 - Difficulties in decomposing AdBlue to ammonia limit the applicability of selective catalytic reduction systems at low exhaust temperatures. Investigations on the decomposition of AdBlue in the liquid phase under elevated pressure at temperatures up to 165 degrees C were carried out. Besides effects of inorganic catalysts, the impact of pH on urea decomposition was examined. After dissolution in aqueous phase, the compounds ZnO, WO3, and MoO3 were found to be effective in liquid-phase AdBlue decomposition. However, the efficiency was dropping significantly over few hours. Decomposition of AdBlue urea was also found to be favored for alkaline and acidic conditions. KW - AdBlue urea KW - Ammonia KW - DeNO(x) KW - EMISSIONS KW - HYDROLYSIS KW - KINETICS KW - Liquid-phase decomposition KW - LOW-TEMPERATURE SCR KW - MODEL KW - NOX KW - Selective catalytic reduction Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201800055 VL - 91 IS - 7 SP - 961 EP - 968 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Braun, Peter A1 - Durner, Bernhard A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Matysik, Frank-Michael T1 - Investigations on the decomposition of AdBlue urea in the liquid phase at low temperatures by an electrochemically induced pH shift JF - Monatshefte für Chemie N2 - Ammonia-based selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems are the most widely used technology for reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions from lean-burn engines such as diesel engines. However, at low exhaust temperatures, the SCR process is limited by difficulties in the decomposition of the ammonia precursor urea, which is carried on-board using an aqueous solution "AdBlue". In this study, the decomposition of AdBlue urea induced by electrical current and the resulting associated pH shifts were investigated in a divided cell configuration in the liquid phase. The decomposition was found to be favored in both electrochemical compartments, anodic and cathodic, at temperatures of 60-80 degrees C compared to a reference without electrochemical treatment. In addition to the determination of ammonia contents using an ammonia sensor, IC/HPLC analyses were carried out for each sample. Different side products such as biuret, nitrate, cyanuric acid, ammelide, and others were formed. In the anodic compartment, nitrate formation could be observed due to oxidation of ammonia at the electrode surface. [GRAPHICS] . KW - Ammonia KW - Catalysis KW - CONVERSION KW - Diesel Engine KW - DOPED MN/TIO2 KW - Electrochemistry KW - HYDROLYSIS KW - In situ pH shift KW - NOX KW - OXIDATION KW - PRODUCTS KW - REMOVAL KW - SCR KW - SELECTIVE CATALYTIC-REDUCTION KW - Thermochemistry Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-019-02406-6 VL - 150 IS - 9 SP - 1633 EP - 1641 PB - Springer ER - TY - GEN A1 - Weiss, Nils T1 - Vulnerabilities of OBD2 Dongles T2 - RCAR Annual Conference, 2018, Munich, Germany Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Weiss, Nils T1 - Vulnerabilities of Connected Cars and beyond T2 - Applied Research Colloquium, 2019, Università Padua, Italy Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mäule, Paul A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter T1 - Correlation of Oil Emissions with Particulate Emissions of Gasoline Engines T2 - Internationales AVL-Forum Abgas- und Partikelemissionen, 20. und 21. Februar 2018, Ludwigsburg N2 - Recent developments in exhaust gas legislation make it necessary to focus the research at the particulate emissions from gasoline engines and technologies for their reduction. In addition to the particulates resulting from the combustion of the fuel, the oil emissions represent another possible source for particulate emissions. This paper presents a measurement method which can be used to quantify stationary as well as dynamic oil emissions of gasoline engines. Furthermore, the correlation between the oil emissions and the particulate emissions is the focus of the investigations. Conventional methods for the determination of the oil emissions, such as the gravimetric and the volumetric measurement, are unsuitable since they require long engine operation times to provide useful results. These methods therefore do not allow a fast online measurements during the dynamic operation. For this reason, a new measuring method was used, which allows for a time-resolved online measurement of the oil emissions. This measurement method is based on the sulfur tracer method, which uses the sulfur that is naturally contained in the engine oil as a tracer. The sulfur concentration in the exhaust gas is determined by using an Ion-Molecule-Reaction mass spectrometer. The determination of the particulate emissions corresponds to the PMP regulation. The studies carried out under steady state and dynamic conditions show a clear correlation between the oil consumption and the number of particulates in the exhaust gas. In the case of the dynamic measurements it could also be shown that time-resolved measurements of the oil consumption are possible with the used measurement setup. In addition, it was shown that the number of particulates does not influence the measurement of the SO2-concentration. Furthermore, the different effects of burned and unburned oil emissions have been evaluated by the dosing of the oil into the exhaust gas. The overall conclusion of the measurements shows a strong influence of the oil emissions on the particulate emissions. Therefore, it is crucial to reduce the oil emissions. Possible approaches for this reduction can be improved turbocharger sealing concepts, new piston ring designs or more efficient oil separators for the crankcase ventilation system. KW - Auspuffgas KW - Benzinmotor KW - dynamisches Messen KW - Kraftstoff KW - Maschinenbetrieb KW - Massenspektrometer KW - Messmethode KW - Messtechnik KW - Motorenöl KW - Ölverbrauch KW - Online-Messung KW - Partikelemission KW - Schwefel KW - Tracer-Technik KW - Volumenmessung KW - Zeitmessung Y1 - 2018 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - AVL Deutschland CY - Mainz ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Smolareck, Elisabeth A1 - Faisst, Holger A1 - Schneider, Ralph T1 - Modellbasierte Korrektur von Inertialsensor-Signalen – Ein Schritt auf dem Weg zum hochautomatisierten Fahren T2 - Konferenz: AALE 2018 - 15. Fachkonferenz, Das Forum für Fachleute der Automatisierungstechnik aus Hochschulen und Wirtschaft 01.03.2018 - 02.03.2018 in Köln, Deutschland N2 - Infolge neuer Zielsetzungen im Automobilbereich, wie z. B. der Weiterentwicklung von Fahrerassistenzsystemen hin zum hochautomatisierten Fahren (HAF), ergeben sich erhöhte Anforderungen an die Signalgüte der im Fahrzeug eingesetzten Inertialsensoren für Drehraten und Beschleunigungen. Da deren Erfüllung über einen hardwarebasierten Ansatz nicht immer möglich und sinnvoll ist, strebt die Firma Continental eine Software-Lösung zur modellbasierten Verbesserung dieser Sensorsignale an. KW - Automobilindustrie KW - Beschleunigung KW - Fahrerassistenzsystem KW - Inertialsensor KW - Software-Lösung Y1 - 2018 UR - http://www.vde-verlag.de/proceedings-de/564522017.html SN - 978-3-8007-4522-7 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - VDE-Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gärtner, Uwe A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Zink, Uwe T1 - Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment of the Future JF - MTZ worldwide Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s38313-018-0060-2 VL - 79 IS - 7-8 SP - 70 EP - 75 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Küpper, Carsten A1 - Artmann, Christina A1 - Pischinger, Stefan A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter T1 - Lube-Oil Dilution of Gasoline Direct-Injection Engines with Ethanol Fuels JF - MTZ worldwide KW - Fuel Ethanol KW - Engine Cold Start KW - Cold Ambient Conditions KW - Fuel Vapor Mass KW - Test Bench Investigations Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s38313-013-0090-8 VL - 74 IS - 9 SP - 64 EP - 69 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Eberhart, Philip A1 - Chung, Tek Shan A1 - Haumer, Anton A1 - Kral, Christian T1 - Open Source Library for the Simulation of Wind Power Plants T2 - Proceedings of the 11th International Modelica Conference, Versailles, France, September 21-23, 2015 N2 - This paper presents the new open source Modelica libraryWindPowerPlants. For the economic assessment of either a wind power plant or an entire wind park, the accurate prediction of the energy output is essential. Such prediction is usually performed by means of calculations based on statistical wind data. The proposed WindPowerPlants library is capable of assessing the energy output both for statistical and real wind data based on time domain simulations. In the presented version of the library wind turbine models are modeled with pitch control. The generator models have variable speed and an optional connector to the mains. The entire library is based on power balance conditions and losses are fully neglected. Yet, the library can be extended towards more detailed models considering different types of losses. The structure and components of the library are presented. Simulations examples are shown and compared with reference data. The applicability of the proposed WindPowerPlants library is demonstrated and possible enhancements are discussed. KW - variable speed KW - pitch control KW - Wind power pants KW - energy KW - statistical wind data KW - power Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3384/ecp15118929 SP - 929 EP - 936 CY - Linköping ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kurzweil, Peter A1 - Scheuerpflug, Wolfgang T1 - State-of-charge monitoring and battery diagnosis of different lithium ion chemistries using impedance spectroscopy JF - Batteries N2 - For lithium iron phosphate batteries (LFP) in aerospace applications, impedance spectroscopy is applicable in the flat region of the voltage-charge curve. The frequency-dependent pseudocapacitance at 0.15 Hz is presented as useful state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH) indicator. For the same battery type, the prediction error of pseudocapacitance is better than 1% for a quadratic calibration curve, and less than 36% for a linear model. An approximately linear correlation between pseudocapacitance and Ah battery capacity is observed as long as overcharge and deep discharge are avoided. We verify the impedance method in comparison to the classical constant-current discharge measurements. In the case of five examined lithium-ion chemistries, the linear trend of impedance and SOC is lost if the slope of the discharge voltage curve versus SOC changes. With nickel manganese cobalt (NMC), high impedance modulus correlates with high SOC above 70%. KW - battery life testing KW - capacitance KW - lithium-ion battery KW - state-of-charge determination KW - state-of-health KW - pseudocharge KW - impedance spectroscopy KW - aging Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries7010017 VL - 7 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Romeis, Dirk A1 - Kostrov, Sergei A. A1 - Kramarenko, Elena Yu A1 - Stepanov, Gennady V. A1 - Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail A1 - Saphiannikova, M. T1 - Magnetic-field-induced stress in confined magnetoactive elastomers JF - Soft Matter N2 - We present a theoretical approach for calculating the state of stress induced by a uniform magnetic field in confined magnetoactive elastomers of arbitrary shape. The theory explicitly includes the magnetic field generated by magnetizable spherical inclusions in the sample interior assuming a non-linear magnetization behavior. The initial spatial distribution of particles and its change in an external magnetic field are considered. This is achieved by the introduction of an effective demagnetizing factor where both the sample shape and the material microstructure are taken into account. Theoretical predictions are fitted to the stress data measured using a specifically designed experimental setup. It is shown that the theory enables the quantification of the effect of material microstructure upon introducing a specific microstructural factor and its derivative with respect to the extensional strain in the undeformed state. The experimentally observed differences between isotropic and anisotropic samples, compliant and stiff elastomer matrices are explained. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/D0SM01337D VL - 16 IS - 39 SP - 9047 EP - 9058 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Belyaeva, Inna A. A1 - Kramarenko, Elena Yu A1 - Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail T1 - Magnetodielectric effect in magnetoactive elastomers: Transient response and hysteresis JF - POLYMER N2 - Magnetodielectric properties of magnetoactive elastomers comprising micrometer-sized iron particles dispersed in compliant elastomer matrices are experimentally studied in stepwise time-varying dc magnetic fields. It is found that imposition of magnetic field significantly increases both the effective lossless permittivity of these composite materials as well as their effective conductivity. These magnetodielectric effects are more pronounced for larger concentrations of soft-magnetic filler particles and softer elastomer matrices. The largest observed relative change of the effective dielectric constant in the maximum magnetic field of 0.57 T is of the order of 1000%. The largest observed absolute change of the loss tangent is approximately 0.8. The transient response of the magnetodielectric effect to a step magnetic-field excitation can be rather complex. It changes from a simple monotonic growth with time for small magnetic-field steps (<0.1 T) to a non-monotonic behavior with a significant rapidly appearing overshoot for large magnetic-field steps (>0.3 T). The settling time to the magnetic-field step excitation can reach roughly 1000 s and it depends on the applied magnetic field and sample composition. There is also significant hysteresis of the magnetodielectric effect on the externally applied magnetic field. These findings are attributed to the rearrangement of ferromagnetic filler particles in external magnetic fields. The results will be useful for understanding and predicting the transient behavior of magnetoactive elastomers in applications where the control magnetic field is time dependent. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - BEHAVIOR KW - composites KW - DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES KW - hysteresis KW - MAGNETIC-FIELD KW - magnetoactive elastomer KW - magnetodielectric effect KW - Magnetorhelogical elastomer KW - MELT STATE KW - MICROSTRUCTURE KW - POLYMER DEGRADATION KW - PROGRESS KW - Smart material KW - THERMOOXIDATIVE DEGRADATION KW - TIME-RESOLVED RHEOLOGY KW - Transient response Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2017.08.056 VL - 127 SP - 119 EP - 128 PB - ELSEVIER ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sorokin, Vladislav V. A1 - Belyaeva, Inna A. A1 - Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail A1 - Kramarenko, Elena Yu T1 - Magnetorheological response of highly filled magnetoactive elastomers from perspective of mechanical energy density: Fractal aggregates above the nanometer scale? JF - Physical Review E N2 - The dynamic shear modulus of magnetoactive elastomers containing 70 and 80 mass % of carbonyl iron microparticles is measured as a function of strain amplitude via dynamic torsion oscillations in various magnetic fields. The results are presented in terms of the mechanical energy density and considered in the framework of the conventional Kraus model. The form exponent of the Kraus model is further related to a physical model of Huber et al. [Huber et al., J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 8, 409 (1996)] that uses a realistic representation for the cluster network possessing fractal structure. Two mechanical loading regimes are identified. At small strain amplitudes the exponent beta of the Kraus model changes in an externally applied magnetic field due to rearrangement of ferromagnetic-filler particles, while at large strain amplitudes, the exponent beta seems to be independent of the magnetic field. The critical mechanical energy characterizing the transition between these two regimes grows with the increasing magnetic field. Similarities between agglomeration and deagglomeration of magnetic filler under simultaneously applied magnetic field and mechanical shear and the concept of jamming transition are discussed. It is proposed that the magnetic field should be considered as an additional parameter to the jamming phase diagram of rubbers filled with magnetic particles. KW - BEHAVIOR KW - composites KW - hysteresis KW - MAGNETIC-FIELD KW - MODEL KW - RHEOLOGY KW - RUBBER KW - SENSITIVE ELASTOMERS KW - VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.95.062501 VL - 95 IS - 6 PB - Amer Physical Soc ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dechant, Eduard A1 - Fedulov, Feodor A1 - Fetisov, Leonid Y. A1 - Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail T1 - Bandwidth Widening of Piezoelectric Cantilever Beam Arrays by Mass-Tip Tuning for Low-Frequency Vibration Energy Harvesting JF - Applied Science N2 - Wireless sensor networks usually rely on internal permanent or rechargeable batteries as a power supply, causing high maintenance efforts. An alternative solution is to supply the entire system by harvesting the ambient energy, for example, by transducing ambient vibrations into electric energy by virtue of the piezoelectric effect. The purpose of this paper is to present a simple engineering approach for the bandwidth optimization of vibration energy harvesting systems comprising multiple piezoelectric cantilevers (PECs). The frequency tuning of a particular cantilever is achieved by changing the tip mass. It is shown that the bandwidth enhancement by mass tuning is limited and requires several PECs with close resonance frequencies. At a fixed frequency detuning between subsequent PECs, the achievable bandwidth shows a saturation behavior as a function of the number of cantilevers used. Since the resonance frequency of each PEC is different, the output voltages at a particular excitation frequency have different amplitudes and phases. A simple power-transfer circuit where several PECs with an individual full wave bridge rectifier are connected in parallel allows one to extract the electrical power close to the theoretical maximum excluding the diode losses. The experiments performed on two- and three-PEC arrays show reasonable agreement with simulations and demonstrate that this power-transfer circuit additionally influences the frequency dependence of the harvested electrical power. KW - array KW - BAND-PASS FILTERS KW - bandwidth KW - BIMORPH KW - Optimization KW - OUTPUT KW - PERFORMANCE KW - piezoelectric cantilever KW - POWER KW - vibration energy harvesting Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/app7121324 N1 - Corresponding Author: Mikhail Shamonin VL - 7 IS - 12 PB - MDPI ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Markova, J. A1 - Masciotta, Maria Giovanna ED - Baričević, Ana ED - Jelčić Rukavina, Marija ED - Damjanović, Domagoi ED - Guadagnini, Maurizio T1 - Optimizing in-situ testing for historic masonry structures: a case study BT - a case study T2 - International Conference on Sustainable Materials, Systems and Structures (SMSS 2019) : Durability, Monitoring and Repair of Structures, 20-22 March 2019, Rovinj, Croatia Y1 - 2019 UR - http://toc.proceedings.com/50441webtoc.pdf SN - 978-1-5108-9296-5 SP - 684 EP - 691 PB - RILEM Publications ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwanzer, Peter A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Loders, S. A1 - Seifert, P. A1 - Himmelstoss, S. A1 - Gaderer, Matthias T1 - Difference in the Tailpipe Particle Number by Consideration of Sub-23-nm Particles for Different Injection Settings of a GDI Engine JF - Emission control science and technology N2 - The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristic of nanoparticles under consideration of sub-23-nm particles from a 1.8-l direct injection (DI) gasoline engine under stoichiometric air/fuel conditions in the exhaust gas system. For future CO2 challenges, the usage of DI-instead of port fuel injection (PFI)-gasoline engines is unavoidable. Therefore, a state of the art particle management program-particle number (PN) system, the Horiba SPCS (2100) with an integrated CPC (condensation particle counter), was recalibrated from a 50% cutoff (D-50%) at 23 nm down to a cutoff at 10 nm and the PCRF (particle concentration reduction factor) for sizes smaller than 23 nm was checked. Two different modal points, out of a representative Real Driving Emission (RDE) cycle, were investigated with both calibrations, D-50%=10 nm and D-50%=23 nm. For these different load points, the fuel pressure (FUP) and the start of injection (SOI) were varied, to represent the difference in the structure and the ratio conc((10 nm))/conc((23 nm)) of the nanoparticle emissions. The particle characterization includes the particle number (PN), the particle size distribution (PSD), and the particle mass (PM). The particle number was measured with Horiba SPCS (2100). The particle size distribution was analyzed with a Grimm differential mobility analyzer (DMA) in combination with a Faraday cup electrometer (FCE). Micro Soot and Pegasor were used to determine the PM, and an optical characterization was done with a 120-kV Phillips CM12 transmission electron microscope (TEM). The position of all particle measurement systems was downstream the three-way catalyst (TWC). The results of this investigation showed that a higher injection pressure decreases the PN (without consideration of sub-23-nm particles) in general. The ratio conc((10 nm))/conc((23 nm)) was therefore higher, because smaller particles, especially ash particles, were less reduced from the FUP. This means higher FUP tends to a higher ratio. For the SOI, the main reasons of the ratio differences were explained by an encroachment between the injection jet and the piston, the valve and the wall. KW - DoE KW - GDI KW - Particle number Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40825-019-0114-1 VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 7 EP - 22 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kalita, Viktor M. A1 - Snarskii, Andrei A. A1 - Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail A1 - Zorinets, Denis T1 - Effect of single-particle magnetostriction on the shear modulus of compliant magnetoactive elastomers JF - Physical review E N2 - The influence of an external magnetic field on the static shear strain and the effective shear modulus of a magnetoactive elastomer (MAE) is studied theoretically in the framework of a recently introduced approach to the single-particle magnetostriction mechanism [V. M. Kalita et al., Phys. Rev. E 93, 062503 (2016)]. The planar problem of magnetostriction in an MAE with magnetically soft inclusions in the form of a thin disk (platelet) having the magnetic anisotropy in the plane of this disk is solved analytically. An external magnetic field acts with torques on magnetic filler particles, creates mechanical stresses in the vicinity of inclusions, induces shear strain, and increases the effective shear modulus of these composite materials. It is shown that the largest effect of the magnetic field on the effective shear modulus should be expected in MAEs with soft elastomer matrices, where the shear modulus of the matrix is less than the magnetic anisotropy constant of inclusions. It is derived that the effective shear modulus is nonlinearly dependent on the external magnetic field and approaches the saturation value in magnetic fields exceeding the field of particle anisotropy. It is shown that model calculations of the effective shear modulus correspond to a phenomenological definition of effective elastic moduli and magnetoelastic coupling constants. The obtained theoretical results compare well with known experimental data. Determination of effective elastic coefficients in MAEs and their dependence on magnetic field is discussed. The concentration dependence of the effective shear modulus at higher filler concentrations has been estimated using the method of Pade approximants, which predicts that both the absolute and relative changes of the magnetic-field-dependent effective shear modulus will significantly increase with the growing concentration of filler particles. KW - BEHAVIOR KW - composites KW - DEPENDENCE KW - FERROGELS KW - MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES KW - MICROSTRUCTURE KW - Polymer KW - PURE SHEAR KW - RHEOLOGY KW - SENSITIVE ELASTOMERS Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.95.032503 VL - 95 IS - 3 PB - American Physical Society ER - TY - GEN A1 - Altmann, Robert A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Gaderer, Matthias T1 - Phänomenologische Untersuchung des Einspritzverhaltens von Pflanzenölkraftstoff T2 - 3. Tagung der Fuels Joint Research Group (FJRG) "Kraftstoffe für die Mobilität von Morgen" Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335490299_Phanomenologische_Untersuchung_des_Einspritzverhaltens_von_Pflanzenolkraftstoff ER - TY - GEN A1 - Altmann, Robert A1 - Gaderer, Matthias A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter T1 - Prüfstandsuntersuchungen an einem DEUTZ NRMM Motor mit Rapsölkraftstoff und Optimierung des Betriebs- und Emissionsverhaltens durch statistische Versuchsplanung T2 - 18. Internationaler Fachkongress "Kraftstoffe der Zukunft 2021" - digital & international vernetzt!, online Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Walter, Stefanie A1 - Schwanzer, Peter A1 - Steiner, Carsten A1 - Hagen, Gunter A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Dietrich, Markus A1 - Moos, Ralf T1 - Mixing Rules for an Exact Determination of the Dielectric Properties of Engine Soot Using the Microwave Cavity Perturbation Method and Its Application in Gasoline Particulate Filters JF - Sensors N2 - In recent years, particulate filters have become mandatory in almost all gasoline-powered vehicles to comply with emission standards regarding particulate number. In contrast to diesel applications, monitoring gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) by differential pressure sensors is challenging due to lower soot masses to be deposited in the GPFs. A different approach to determine the soot loading of GPFs is a radio frequency-based sensor (RF sensor). To facilitate sensor development, in previous work, a simulation model was created to determine the RF signal at arbitrary engine operating points. To ensure accuracy, the exact dielectric properties of the soot need to be known. This work has shown how small samples of soot-loaded filter are sufficient to determine the dielectric properties of soot itself using the microwave cavity perturbation method. For this purpose, mixing rules were determined through simulation and measurement, allowing the air and substrate fraction of the sample to be considered. Due to the different geometry of filter substrates compared to crushed soot samples, a different mixing rule had to be derived to calculate the effective filter properties required for the simulation model. The accuracy of the determined mixing rules and the underlying simulation model could be verified by comparative measurements on an engine test bench. KW - mixing rule KW - dielectric properties KW - microwave cavity perturbation KW - finite element method (FEM) KW - soot mass determination KW - radio-frequency (RF) KW - gasoline particulate filter (GPF) Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093311 VL - 22 IS - 9 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER -