TY - CHAP A1 - Alexander, Grimm A1 - Haumer, Anton T1 - Parametrization Of A Simplified Physical Battery Model T2 - Proceedings of the 13th International Modelica Conference, March 4-6, 2019, Regensburg, Germany N2 - The importance of batteries is increasing, especially in the field of the high power requirement systems like electric driven vehicles. Mobile energy storage makes it possible to accelerate with incredible torque, without any accruing air pollution. Due to the high costs of real components, it is of great use to simulate battery driven systems before building them. Transient processes within a cell are highly dependent on the operating point of the complete system, which makes it difficult to create equations and model arameterizations. This paper shows which data is important for cell modeling and how to parameterize simplified physical cell models. KW - battery parameterization KW - physical battery model KW - simplified battery model Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3384/ecp19157215 SP - 215 EP - 220 PB - Linköing University Electronic Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Selmair, Maximilian A1 - Maurer, Tobias A1 - Lai, Chun-Han A1 - Grant, David T1 - Enhancing the efficiency of charging & parking processes for Autonomous Mobile Robot fleets BT - A simulative evaluation JF - Journal of Power Sources N2 - The allocation of tasks to Autonomous Mobile Robots in a production setting in combination with the most efficient parking and charging processes are the focus of this paper. This study presents a simulative evaluation of the theoretical allocation methods developed in Selmair and Maurer (2020) combined with either hard or dynamic availability rules to ascertain the most efficient parameters of an Autonomous Mobile Robot System. In order to quantify this efficiency, the following Key Performance Indicator (KPI) were considered: number of delayed orders, driven fleet metres and the percentage of available Autonomous Mobile Robot as determined by their state of charge. Additionally, as an alternative energy source, a fast-charging battery developed by Battery Streak Inc. was included in this study. The results show that, in comparison to a conventional and commonly used trivial strategy, our developed strategies provide superior results in terms of the relevant KPI. KW - AMR KW - Autonomous Mobile Robot KW - Battery charging KW - Battery management systems KW - Benchmarking KW - Fleet operations KW - Mobile robots KW - NAVIGATION KW - Secondary batteries KW - Vehicle Fleet Charging Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230894 VL - 521 IS - 3 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav A1 - Holicky, Milan A1 - Jung, Karel A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris T1 - Human safety criteria for risk-based structural design JF - International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering N2 - Risk and reliability criteria are well established in many industrial sectors such as the offshore, chemi- cal or nuclear industries. Comparative risk thresholds have been specified to allow a responsible organization or regulator to identify activities, which impose an acceptable level of risk concerning the participating individuals, or society as a whole. The scope of this contribution is to present target reliability criteria based on acceptable human safety levels. Application of theoretical principles is illustrated by examples of railway engineering structures. Initially it is shown how civil engineering structures for which human safety criteria play a role are classified according to Eurocodes. Examples include bridges, tunnels or station buildings. The general concepts for risk acceptance are then briefly reviewed, particularly in their relation to the target reliability criteria. The distinction between the two types of criteria is made: group risk and the acceptance criterion based on the Life Quality Index LQI approach introduced by ISO 2394:2015. The differences between the criteria for new and existing structures are discussed. The application is illustrated by an example of a bridge crossing an important railway line. It appears that while benefits and costs of a private stakeholder or public authority are reflected by economic optimisation, the society should define the limits for human safety to achieve uniform risks for various daily-life activities and across different industrial sectors. Keywords: group risk, human safety, individual risk, Life Quality Index, railway, risk acceptance, structure, target reliability KW - individual risk KW - group risk KW - human safety KW - Life Quality Index KW - railway KW - risk acceptance KW - structure KW - target reliability Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2495/SAFE-V8-N2-287-298 VL - 8 IS - 2 SP - 287 EP - 298 PB - WIT Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav A1 - Lenzi, Daniele T1 - Optimising Monitoring: Standards, Reliability Basis and Application to Assessment of Roof Snow Load Risks JF - Structural Engineering International N2 - This paper addresses the optimisation of monitoring and decision-making criteria regarding the future use of structures. The current state of practice in standards and reliability framework are initially summarised. A general methodology for obtaining cost-optimal decisions is then presented on the basis of limit state design, probabilistic reliability analysis and cost estimates. The implementation of the risk-based approach is illustrated in a case study dealing with the roof of a stadium located in northern Italy. As the roof fails to comply with the requirements of the Eurocodes, the installation of a permanent monitoring system is recommended to allow for a real-time reliability assessment. The results demonstrate the potential of monitoring systems and probabilistic reliability analysis for supporting decisions regarding safety measures such as snow removal or temporary closure of the stadium, as well as reflecting the need to implement the discussed procedures in future standards. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10168664.2018.1462131 VL - 28 IS - 3 SP - 269 EP - 279 PB - Taylor&Francis ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav T1 - Implementing Information Gained through Structural Health Monitoring – Proposal for Standards T2 - 13th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering, Mai 2019, Seoul, Korea N2 - With exception of a few issues such as design by testing, current standards do not include guidelines on the use and the quantification of value of additional information gained through Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). This contribution summarizes a recently developed draft of the guideline for practicing engineers in the framework of the EU-COST project 1402 and illustrates its application in engineering decision-making. Besides continuous and periodic monitoring, visual inspection, non-destructive evaluation and proof loading are included herein as a simple form of SHM. The guideline is independent of a type of structure, construction materials, loading, and of environmental conditions. It aims at a wide field of application including design of new structures, assessment of existing structures and type specific monitoring of a population of structures. The decision process related to the use of SHM is presented first together with relevant decision objectives and variables. Performance indicators are summarized and discussed with respect to the performance objectives. The evaluation of monitoring strategies based on life cycle costs is exposed and the selection of optimal intervention actions including safety measures is shown in representative case studies. The results demonstrate the potential of the use of monitoring to support engineering decisions and reflect though the practical benefits from the application of the guideline. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333578633_Implementing_Information_Gained_through_Structural_Health_Monitoring_-Proposal_for_Standards ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Briem, Ulrich ED - Scholten, Jan T1 - Neue Methode zur Bestimmung der Biegesteifigkeit von Drahtseilen T2 - Der Kran - Leistungssteigerung, Leichtbau und Automatisierung : 27. Internationale Kranfachtagung 2019 : Begleitband zur Kranfachtagung am 07. März 2019 in Bochum Y1 - 2019 SN - 3-89194-226-5 SP - 103 EP - 112 PB - Selbstverlag der Ruhr-Universität Bochum CY - Bochum ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Briem, Ulrich T1 - Lebensdauerverhalten verdichteter Seildrähte T2 - Ilmenauer Drahttag 2019 Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3- 938843-96-3 SP - 73 EP - 82 PB - ISLE Steuerungstechnik und Leistungselektronik CY - Ilmenau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav A1 - Bertacca, Elena T1 - Obsolescence Rate: Framework, Analysis and Influence on Risk Acceptance Criteria T2 - 6th International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering (IALCCE), Ghent, Belgium N2 - Buildings are major long lasting assets of the society and business enterprises and form a significant part of infrastructure management. They require continual maintenance and in many cases they can become inap-propriate for their original purpose due to obsolescence and are demolished. The present contribution ex-plores the obsolescence of buildings and in particular the definitions of obsolescence, the related influenc-ing factors and the associated uncertainties. Thereby definitions of the obsolescence rate based on the physi-cal and useful (service) life are clarified. The experienced useful life of buildings in Finland, Germany and North America is statistically analysed, utilizing available databases, and comparisons with the design (minimum) working life specified in standards are made. The probability of not exceeding the required min-imum service life is evaluated and discussed. Whereas many factors affecting the obsolescence rate are be-yond the control of civil engineers, particular attention needs to be paid to cases where the service life of the structure is determined by physical aspects related to deterioration. These cases are identified and recom-mendations to improve structural design are offered. The service life and the related renewal rate is influ-encing the risk acceptance criteria as given in ISO 2394. Such criteria are derived on the basis of economic optimization and the LQI marginal safety costs principle. A statistical model for the renewal rate is obtained and its influence on the target reliability is investigated for a representative failure limit state. The influence of the obsolescence rate is quantified and critically disputed. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328578867_Obsolescence_Rate_Framework_Analysis_and_Influence_on_Risk_Acceptance_Criteria ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frazzica, Andrea A1 - Palomba, Valeria A1 - Dawoud, Belal A1 - Gullì, Giuseppe A1 - Brancato, Vincenza A1 - Sapienza, Alessio A1 - Vasta, Salvatore A1 - Freni, Angelo A1 - Costa, Fabio A1 - Restuccia, Giovanni T1 - Design, realization and testing of an adsorption refrigerator based on activated carbon/ethanol working pair JF - Applied Energy N2 - In the present paper design, realization and testing of a novel small scale adsorption refrigerator prototype based on activated carbon/ethanol working pair is described. Firstly, experimental activity has been carried out for identification of the best performing activated carbon available on the market, through the evaluation of the achievable thermodynamic performance both under air conditioning and refrigeration conditions. Once identified the best performing activated carbon, the design of the adsorber was developed by experimental dynamic performance analysis, carried out by means of the Gravimetric-Large Temperature Jump (G-LTJ) apparatus available at CNR ITAE lab. Finally, the whole 0.5 kW refrigerator prototype was designed and built. First experimental results both under reference air conditioning and refrigeration cycles have been reported, to check the achievable performance. High Specific Cooling Powers (SCPs), 95 W/kg and 50 W/kg, for air conditioning and refrigeration respectively, were obtained, while the COP ranged between 0.09 and 0.11, thus showing an improvement of the current state of the art. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Activated carbon KW - ADSORBENTS KW - adsorption KW - Ammonia KW - CARBON KW - CHILLER KW - COOLING SYSTEMS KW - Corrosion KW - DRIVEN KW - Ethanol KW - ETHANOL ADSORPTION KW - PERFORMANCE KW - Refrigeration KW - waste heat Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.04.080 VL - 174 SP - 15 EP - 24 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chatzitakis, Paris A1 - Dawoud, Belal T1 - An alternative approach towards absorption heat pump working pair screening JF - Renewable Energy N2 - The successful market penetration of modern absorption heat pumps (AHP) today is critically dependent on their thermodynamic performance as well as other key factors like cost, reliability and inherent safety. Conventional AHPs have a proven record in the first two aspects but crucial shortcomings in the last two. For this reason it has been imperative to search for alternative working pairs that could potentially provide comparable performance while also satisfying the rest of the conditions to the best extent possible. As part of a systematic approach towards this direction, a detailed cycle analysis was performed, utilizing an idealized AHP system containing a real working pair, which enabled the identification of five dimensionless parameters and key thermophysical properties that influence the system's thermodynamic efficiency and the circulation ratio. In order to validate those findings, these parameters were calculated and compared between conventional and alternative AHP refrigerants. It turned out that low molecular weight ratios between absorbent and refrigerant have a beneficial effect on both coefficient of performance and the circulation ratio. Furthermore, both the refrigerant acentric factor and the absorbent vaporization enthalpy shall be minimized to obtain better performance. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Absorption heat pump KW - Coefficient of performance KW - FLUIDS KW - Working pair Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.08.014 VL - 110 SP - 47 EP - 58 PB - Pergamon-Elsevier ER -