TY - CHAP A1 - Alexander, Grimm A1 - Haumer, Anton T1 - Parametrization Of A Simplified Physical Battery Model T2 - Proceedings of the 13th International Modelica Conference, March 4-6, 2019, Regensburg, Germany N2 - The importance of batteries is increasing, especially in the field of the high power requirement systems like electric driven vehicles. Mobile energy storage makes it possible to accelerate with incredible torque, without any accruing air pollution. Due to the high costs of real components, it is of great use to simulate battery driven systems before building them. Transient processes within a cell are highly dependent on the operating point of the complete system, which makes it difficult to create equations and model arameterizations. This paper shows which data is important for cell modeling and how to parameterize simplified physical cell models. KW - battery parameterization KW - physical battery model KW - simplified battery model Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3384/ecp19157215 SP - 215 EP - 220 PB - Linköing University Electronic Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Briem, Ulrich ED - Dohm, Martin T1 - Fatigue Behaviour of Rope Wires T2 - Proceedings of the OIPEEC Conference, La Rochelle, France, 12th - 15th March 2019 N2 - The rope curve line of a tensioned rope can be described by means of the catenary curve. Opposed to that, the curved line of a free bent rope cannot be described by an analytical function. Practical applications of free bending are for example at tail ropes at the bottom of shaft in rope drives with traction sheaves. The question whether the maximum diameter of rope loop is small enough for the diameter of the shaft is highly interesting. In [1] a method was presented to calculate the curved line of free bent ropes numerically by help of energy methods. An analytical description of rope curve line would be very helpful. Beginning with the structure of a rope curve line of tensioned rope (catenary curve) and considering the influence of bending stiffness, the structure of an analytical equation for the curve line of a free bent rope will be developed. The main focus of this paper is to develop and to describe the structure of such an analytical equation. To get a first idea about the values of the constants in that analytical equation a few test results were evaluated. But these equations consider the static rope behavior only. Due to dynamic effects in the rope while running through the loop at the bottom of a shaft, pendulousness of the tail rope occurs. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://oipeec.org/products/mathematical-approach-to-curve-line-of-free-bent-ropes PB - OIPEEC ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schneider, Sebastian A1 - Hots, Jan A1 - Luft, Tommy A1 - Rottengruber, Hermann A1 - Verhey, Jesko L. A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter T1 - Entwicklung einer empirischen Formel zur Bewertung der Tickergeräuschanteile von Motorgeräuschen T2 - DAGA 2019 - 45. Jahrestagung für Akustik, 8.-21. März 2019, Rostock Y1 - 2019 UR - https://pub.dega-akustik.de/DAGA_2019/data/daga19_proceedings.pdf SN - 978-3-939296-14-0 VL - 45 SP - 643 EP - 646 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Akustik e.V. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rieger, Anna A1 - Mühlbauer, Christian A1 - Weber, Rainer A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter T1 - Measures to Address the Dissonance Perception of Multiple Tonal Components in Sounds T2 - DAGA 2019 - 45. Jahrestagung für Akustik, 18.-21. März 2019, Rostock Y1 - 2019 UR - https://pub.dega-akustik.de/DAGA_2019/data/articles/000499.pdf VL - 45 SP - 375 EP - 378 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Akustik e.V. ER - TY - GEN A1 - Altmann, Robert A1 - Gebhard, Jürgen T1 - Phänomenologische Untersuchung des Einspritzprozesses eines Injektors aus dem Off-Highway-Segment mit Diesel- und Rapsölkraftstoff T2 - 16. Internationaler Fachkongress "Kraftstoffe der Zukunft 2019", Berlin Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rill, Georg A1 - Arrieta Castro, Abel ED - Kecskeméthy, Andrés ED - Geu Flores, Francisco ED - Carrera, Eliodoro ED - Elias, Dante A. T1 - The Influence of Axle Kinematics on Vehicle Dynamics T2 - Interdisciplinary Applications of Kinematics. Proceedings of the Third International Conference (IAK) N2 - The automotive industry employs many different kinds of axle suspension systems at modern passenger cars. Important criteria are costs, space requirements, kinematic properties, and compliance attributes. This paper illustrates that in particular the kinematic properties of a suspension system have a significant influence on the dynamics of vehicles. As a consequence, the kinematics of a suspension system must be modeled very precisely and nonlinear. Typical kinematical features of a suspension system are discussed by analyzing the most common double wishbone axle suspension system. The influence of the axle kinematics on vehicle dynamics is finally demonstrated by simulation results generated with a fully nonlinear and three-dimensional multibody vehicle model. KW - Double wishbone suspension system KW - Multibody system KW - Suspension kinematics KW - vehicle dynamics Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-030-16422-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16423-2_2 VL - 71 SP - 23 EP - 31 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rill, Georg ED - Lugner, Peter T1 - Multibody Systems and Simulation Techniques T2 - Vehicle Dynamics of Modern Passenger Cars N2 - This part begins with an introduction to Multibody Systems (MBS). It presents the elements of MBS and discusses different modeling aspects. Then, different methods to generate the equations of motion are presented. Solvers for ordinary differential equations (ODE) as well as differential algebraic equations (DAE) are discussed. Finally, techniques for “online” and “offline” simulations including real-time applications are presented like necessary for car development. Special examples show the connection between simulation and test results. KW - Differential equations KW - Equations of motion KW - Multibody systems KW - Numerical solution KW - Vehicle models Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-319-79007-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-79008-4_6 SP - 309 EP - 375 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Thomeczek, Ludwig A1 - Attenberger, Andreas A1 - Kolb, Johannes A1 - Matoušek, Václav A1 - Mottok, Jürgen ED - Unger, Herwig T1 - Betrachtungen zu Latenzquellen und deren Beobachtung in POSIX-Systemen am Beispiel von Container-Runtimes T2 - Echtzeit 2019 N2 - Die am weitesten verbreiteten autonomen Systeme der Zukunft sind aller Voraussicht nach intelligente Fahrzeuge, welche selbständig im Straßenverkehr navigieren und mit der Umgebung interagieren. Diese neuen Funktionen erfordern den Einsatz von performanten Mehrkernprozessoren sowie von komplexen (POSIX-kompatiblen) Betriebssystemen. Gleichzeitig erfordert der Einsatz im Automobil hohe funktionale Sicherheit (ASIL-Level), was unter anderem robuste Echtzeiteigenschaften der verwendeten Hard- und Software voraussetzt. Den Echtzeiteigenschaften steht die erhöhte Komplexität mit neuen Quellen für nichtdeterministische Latenzen gegenüber. In diesem Paper präsentieren wir eine Übersicht über diese neuen Einflussfaktoren, und vermessen anschließend Containerlaufzeitumgebungen und deren Latenzverhalten. Wir zeigen dabei, das Netzwerkbrücken unter Last erheblichen Einfluss (Faktor 4–5) auf die Netzwerklatenz ausüben können. Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-658-27807-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-27808-3_12 VL - 35 SP - 109 EP - 118 PB - Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mühlbauer, Christian A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Rottengruber, Hermann T1 - Akustische Analyse und Optimierung von mechatronischen Kraftstoffeinspritzsystemen T2 - Tagungsband DAGA 2019 - 45. Jahrestagung für Akustik, 18.-21. März 2019, Rostock Y1 - 2019 UR - https://pub.dega-akustik.de/DAGA_2019/data/articles/000004.pdf SN - 978-3-939296-14-0 SP - 647 EP - 650 PB - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Akustik CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Arrieta Castro, Abel A1 - Chaves, Rafael B. A1 - Rill, Georg A1 - Weber, Hans I. ED - Fleury, Agenor de T. ED - Rade, Domingos A. ED - Kurka, R. G. T1 - Use of Integrated Control to Enhance the Safety of Vehicles in Run-Off-Road Scenarios T2 - Proceedings of DINAME 2017 : Selected Papers of the XVII International Symposium on Dynamic Problems of Mechanics N2 - In this work, an integrated vehicle control system (IC) is tested in run-off-road scenarios. The integrated approach was employed in order to coordinate vehicle control systems, i.e. the Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS), Four-wheel Steering (4WS) and the Electronic Stability Program (ESP). To perform a run-off-road maneuver, a fuzzy virtual test driver was designed. By receiving the lateral position of an obstacle and the vehicle’s relative yaw angle, the virtual test driver is capable of following a reference trajectory. Furthermore, to test the performance of the standalone controllers, i.e. ABS, ESP and 4WS, individual maneuvers are performed using a multibody vehicle model. The vehicle without any coordination between the control systems is used as reference. For the simulation results, it is concluded that the IC improves the vehicle stability and maneuverability in comparison with the non-integrated approach. Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-319-91217-2 SN - 978-3-319-91216-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91217-2_30 SN - 2195-4356 SP - 431 EP - 443 PB - Springer CY - Cham ET - 1. Auflage ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cornet, Henriette A1 - Stadler, Sebastian A1 - Kong, Penny A1 - Marinkovic, Goran A1 - Frenkler, Fritz A1 - Sathikh, Peer Mohideen T1 - User-centred design of autonomous mobility for public transportation in Singapore JF - Transportation Research Procedia N2 - The paper presents a set of methods for user-centred design of autonomous mobility for public transportation in the context of a multi-disciplinary research programme in Singapore, called TUMCREATE. While traffic engineers plan the operation of the new mobility system, the Industrial Designers of TUMCREATE take on the role of designing the autonomous vehicles (AVs) and infrastructure for greater comfort and a positive travel experience for users. Tasks have been identified to promote user acceptance and facilitate the operation of autonomously driven vehicles for public transport. To fulfil these tasks, conventional design methods have been enhanced with Virtual Reality (VR) technology and with simulations developed by the computer scientists of TUMCREATE. Since public transportation is a complex and broad area, it cannot be investigated with a single design method. First results showed that conventional methods that consider the Universal Design principles guarantee the accessibility, usability and understandability of AVs and stations. VR has been identified as a suitable tool for Industrial Designers to evaluate communication concepts between AVs and pedestrians. This confirms that digital tools (i.e. VR) enhance conventional design methods, especially with regard to technologies that are not available on the market yet (e.g. AVs) KW - user-centred design KW - public transportation KW - autonomous mobility KW - design methods Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2019.09.038 SN - 2352-1465 VL - 41 SP - 191 EP - 203 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thema, Martin A1 - Bauer, Franz A1 - Sterner, Michael T1 - Power-to-Gas: Electrolysis and methanation status review JF - Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews N2 - This review gives a worldwide overview on Power-to-Gas projects producing hydrogen or renewable substitute natural gas focusing projects in central Europe. It deepens and completes the content of previous reviews by including hitherto unreviewed projects and by combining project names with details such as plant location. It is based on data from 153 completed, recent and planned projects since 1988 which were evaluated with regards to plant allocation, installed power development, plant size, shares and amounts of hydrogen or substitute natural gas producing examinations and product utilization phases. Cost development for electrolysis and carbon dioxide methanation was analyzed and a projection until 2030 is given with an outlook to 2050. The results show substantial cost reductions for electrolysis as well as for methanation during the recent years and a further price decline to less than 500 euro per kilowatt electric power input for both technologies until 2050 is estimated if cost projection follows the current trend. Most of the projects examined are located in Germany, Denmark, the United States of America and Canada. Following an exponential global trend to increase installed power, today's Power-to-Gas applications are operated at about 39 megawatt. Hydrogen and substitute natural gas were investigated on equal terms concerning the number of projects. KW - Biological CO2-Methanation KW - Chemical CO2-Methanation KW - Cost-development KW - Electrolysis KW - Power-to-Gas Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-26238 N1 - Corresponding author: Martin Thema VL - 112 IS - 7 SP - 775 EP - 787 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sterner, Michael A1 - Bauer, Franz A1 - Crotogino, Fritz A1 - Eckert, Fabian A1 - von Olshausen, Christian A1 - Teichmann, Daniel A1 - Thema, Martin ED - Sterner, Michael ED - Stadler, Ingo T1 - Chemical Energy Storage T2 - Handbook of Energy Storage N2 - Purely electrical energy storage technologies are very efficient, however they are also very expensive and have the smallest capacities. Electrochemical-energy storage reaches higher capacities at smaller costs, but at the expense of efficiency. This pattern continues in a similar way for chemical-energy storage. In terms of capacities, the limits of batteries (accumulators) are reached when low-loss long-term storage is of need. Chemical-energy storage and stocking fulfills these requirements completely. The storing itself may be subject to significant efficiency losses, but, from today’s point of view and in combination with the existing gas and fuel infrastructure, it is the only national option with regards to the long-term storage of renewable energies. Chemical-energy storage is the backbone of today’s conventional energy supply. Solid (wood and coal), liquid (mineral oil), and gaseous (natural gas) energy carriers are ‘energy storages’ themselves, and are stored using different technologies. In the course of energy transition, chemical-energy storage will be of significant importance, mainly as long-term storage for the power sector, but also in the form of combustibles and fuels for transport and heat. Not only are conventional storing technologies discussed within this chapter, but a detailed explanation is also given about the storage of renewable energies in the form of gaseous (power-to-gas, PtG) and liquid (power-to-liquid, PtL) energy carriers for electricity, heat, chemicals, and in the form of synthetic fuels. Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-662-55503-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55504-0_8 SP - 325 EP - 482 PB - Springer CY - Berlin, Heidelberg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stadler, Ingo A1 - Bauer, Franz A1 - Budt, Marcus A1 - Heindl, Eduard A1 - Wolf, Daniel ED - Sterner, Michael ED - Stadler, Ingo T1 - Mechanical Energy Storage T2 - Handbook of Energy Storage N2 - Chemical-energy storage systems use caverns, porous storage facilities, tanks, and storage rooms to store chemical energy sources. Caverns, caves, and reservoirs can also be used to store gaseous media such as air, liquid media such as water, and solid media such as rock. The principles of mechanical energy storage are based on classical Newtonian mechanics, or in other words on fundamental physics from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. As a result, these types of storage are typically divided into two categories; storage of kinetic and potential energy, or storage of ‘pressure energy’. In this chapter, storage media is categorized by its aggregate state, and described by its function and application: first compressed air energy storage and then conventional electricity storage—pumped-storage plants. The chapter continues with a discussion of innovative methods of storing potential energy using water as a medium. These include artificially constructed pumped storage, pumped storage in the open sea, dam storage on rivers, pumped storage on heaps in repurposed mining areas, underfloor or underground pumped storage, and surface mine storage. The chapter concludes with a description of classical and modern flywheel energy storage systems. This age-old technology is then compared with a new concept: mechanical stored energy exploiting both pumped storage and change in the potential energy of rocks or large boulders. Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-662-55503-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55504-0_9 SP - 483 EP - 561 PB - Springer Berlin Heidelberg CY - Berlin, Heidelberg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sterner, Michael A1 - Bauer, Franz ED - Sterner, Michael ED - Stadler, Ingo T1 - Definition and Classification of Energy Storage Systems T2 - Handbook of Energy Storage N2 - Energy supply always requires energy storage—either as an intrinsic property or as additional system. It is an intrinsic property of solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels, although less so of water-borne heat, but not of electricity. So to meet variable demands and supplies, heat and electricity networks usually require additional storage systems. When they are added to an energy network, should they be viewed as ‘suppliers’ or as ‘consumers’? Who is responsible for covering the costs of storage systems? To categorize storage systems in the energy sector, they first need to be carefully defined. This chapter defines storage as well as storage systems, describes their use, and then classifies storage systems according to temporal, spatial, physical, energy-related, and economic criteria. Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-662-55503-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55504-0_2 SP - 23 EP - 47 PB - Springer CY - Berlin, Heidelberg ER - TY - GEN A1 - Thema, Martin A1 - Bauer, Franz A1 - Sterner, Michael T1 - Power-to-Gas world status report T2 - International Renewable Energy Storage Conference, Düsseldorf 14.-16.03.2019 KW - Erneuerbare Energien, Klimaneutralität, Energiewende, Sektorenkopplung, Power-to-Gas KW - Power-to-Gas KW - Sektorenkopplung KW - Energiewende KW - Klimaneutralität Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klenk, Eva Marianne A1 - Galka, Stefan T1 - Analysis of real-time tour building and scheduling strategies for in-plant milk-run systems with volatile transportation demand JF - IFAC - PapersOnLine N2 - In modern manufacturing systems, milk run (MR) systems represent route-based, cyclic material-handling systems that are used widely and enable frequent deliveries of containerized parts in small lot sizes from a central storage area to multiple points of use on the factory floor. Usually, deliveries take place at predetermined, constant time intervals. As in real-world MR systems, the number of containers to deliver in each interval varies in the short term, peaks in the number of deliveries may lead to capacity bottlenecks and late deliveries. In this paper, we develop three alternative strategies to determine starting times of MR cycles in real-time based on the current number of delivery orders in the system aiming to better handle variations in the number of orders. We evaluate the three strategies for different system load scenarios with respect to delivery service levels, order lead times, systems utilization and necessary number of MR trains using a discrete-event simulation model. KW - Control algorithms KW - Logistics KW - Material handling KW - Milk-run systems KW - Production systems KW - Real-time decision making KW - Transportation control Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.11.517 VL - 52 IS - 13 SP - 2110 EP - 2115 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Sterner, Michael A1 - Bauer, Franz A1 - Hofrichter, Andreas A1 - Heberl, Michael T1 - Systemanalyse und -integration Power-to-X im Kontext von erneuerbarer Elektrizität als Primärenergie (SPIKE) N2 - Durch das in Paris beschlossene Ziel, die globale mittlere Temperatur auf deutlich unter 2 Grad Celsius gegenüber dem vorindustriellen Niveau zu begrenzen, ist ein Ausstieg aus der Nutzung fossiler Energieträger und Rohstoffe bis zum Jahr 2050 notwendig (WBGU 2016). Daher hat sich die Bundesregierung das Ziel gesetzt, bis zur Mitte des Jahrhunderts eine weitgehende Treibhausgasneutralität zu erreichen. Hierzu ist neben einer Steigerung der Energieeffizienz in allen Sektoren ein Ausbau erneuerbaren Energien notwendig. Dies beinhaltet hauptsächlich den Zubau von Wind‐ und Solarstromanlagen. Somit gewinnt die Sektorkopplung immer mehr an Bedeutung und wird in Zukunft eine tragende Rolle für die Defossilisierung des Energiesystems spielen (BMUB 2016). Als zentrales Element der Sektorkopplung gilt Strom, der über Power‐to‐X (PtX) sowohl energetisch im Wärme‐, und Verkehrssektor als auch stofflich in der Industrie und vor allem im Chemiesektor eingesetzt werden kann (Ausfelder et al. 2018a). Im Rahmen des P2X‐Vorhabens der Kopernikus Forschungsinitiative wird die Sektorkopplung durch die Umwandlung von Strom mittels elektrochemischer Prozesse in stoffliche Ressourcen wie Wasserstoff, Synthesegas oder Kohlenstoffmonoxid untersucht. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Betrachtung der Kopplung von Strom und Verkehr sowie Strom und Chemie und der Untersuchung von Prozessen und Pfaden, die aus ökologischer, ökonomischer und gesellschaftlicher Sicht vorteilhaft sind. Eine vergleichende Einordnung in den Gesamtkontext der Energiewende mit Abwägung zahlreicher Alternativen und Konkurrenztechnologien ist dort allerdings nicht vorgesehen. Zudem werden einige relevante PtX‐Technologien wie Power‐to‐Heat nicht betrachtet. Aus diesem Grund wurden in SPIKE ergänzende PtX‐Technologiepfade aus systemanalytischer Sicht untersucht. Dies sind Power‐to‐Heat (PtH) und Power‐to‐Gas (PtG) über Elektrolyse und optionaler anschließender Methanisierung sowie die Herstellung ausgewählter Pfade der strombasierten Herstellung von Produkten der energieintensiven Industrie. Ziel des Forschungsvorhabens war die Analyse von PtX‐Technologien und Pfaden, deren vergleichende Einordnung im Gesamtkontext der Energiewende sowie die Unterstützung des P2X Roadmapping Prozesses und die Ableitung von Handlungsempfehlungen. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt lag auf dem Einsatz von PtX im Industriesektor. Für das Vorhaben wurden Arbeitspakete (AP) erstellt, die Untersuchungen zu Technologie, Potenzial, Ökonomie und Ökologie von PtH (AP 1), PtG (AP 2), Power‐to‐Ammoniak, Power‐to‐Ethen und Power‐to‐Propen (AP 3) umfassten. Daraus wurde in AP 4 ein Systemvergleich mit Einordnung von PtX in die Energiewende durchgeführt. Auf dieser Basis und der Identifizierung regulatorischer Rahmenbedingungen für PtX (AP 5) wurde das deutsche Energiesystem samt PtX‐Pfaden in einem Energiesystemmodell abgebildet (AP 6). Die Ergebnisse flossen in das Roadmapping ein (AP 7). Zudem erfolgte ein Austausch mit den Projektpartnern und das Verfassen wissenschaftlicher Abhandlungen (AP 8). KW - Energieintensive Industrie KW - Energiesystemmodellierung KW - Power-to-Gas KW - Power-to-Heat KW - Ökobilanzierung Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sterner, Michael A1 - Bauer, Franz A1 - Hofrichter, Andreas ED - Ausfelder, Florian ED - Dura, Hanna Ewy T1 - Systemanalyse von Power-to-X-Pfaden - Ergebnisse des Satellitenprojektes "SPIKE" T2 - Optionen für ein nachhaltiges Energiesystem mit Power-to-X Technologien : Nachhaltigkeitseffekte - Potenziale Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten; 2. Roadmap des Kopernikus-Projektes "Power-to-X": Flexible Nutzung erneuerbarer Ressourcen (P2X) Y1 - 2019 UR - https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e01fn21/1770760199.pdf SN - 978-3-89746-218-2 SP - 145 EP - 153 PB - DECHEMA Gesellschaft für Chemische Technik und Biotechnologie e.V CY - Frankfurt am Main ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Marková, Jana A1 - Masciotta, Maria Giovanna ED - Baričević, Ana ED - Jelčić Rukavina, Marija ED - Damjanović, Domagoi ED - Guadagnini, Maurizio T1 - Optimizing in-situ testing for historic masonry structures: a case study BT - a case study T2 - International Conference on Sustainable Materials, Systems and Structures (SMSS 2019) : Durability, Monitoring and Repair of Structures, 20-22 March 2019, Rovinj, Croatia Y1 - 2019 UR - http://toc.proceedings.com/50441webtoc.pdf SN - 978-1-5108-9296-5 SP - 684 EP - 691 PB - RILEM Publications ER -