TY - CHAP A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav A1 - Bertacca, Elena T1 - Obsolescence Rate: Framework, Analysis and Influence on Risk Acceptance Criteria T2 - 6th International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering (IALCCE), Ghent, Belgium N2 - Buildings are major long lasting assets of the society and business enterprises and form a significant part of infrastructure management. They require continual maintenance and in many cases they can become inap-propriate for their original purpose due to obsolescence and are demolished. The present contribution ex-plores the obsolescence of buildings and in particular the definitions of obsolescence, the related influenc-ing factors and the associated uncertainties. Thereby definitions of the obsolescence rate based on the physi-cal and useful (service) life are clarified. The experienced useful life of buildings in Finland, Germany and North America is statistically analysed, utilizing available databases, and comparisons with the design (minimum) working life specified in standards are made. The probability of not exceeding the required min-imum service life is evaluated and discussed. Whereas many factors affecting the obsolescence rate are be-yond the control of civil engineers, particular attention needs to be paid to cases where the service life of the structure is determined by physical aspects related to deterioration. These cases are identified and recom-mendations to improve structural design are offered. The service life and the related renewal rate is influ-encing the risk acceptance criteria as given in ISO 2394. Such criteria are derived on the basis of economic optimization and the LQI marginal safety costs principle. A statistical model for the renewal rate is obtained and its influence on the target reliability is investigated for a representative failure limit state. The influence of the obsolescence rate is quantified and critically disputed. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328578867_Obsolescence_Rate_Framework_Analysis_and_Influence_on_Risk_Acceptance_Criteria ER - TY - JOUR A1 - da Silva Mota, Fabio Antonio A1 - Hinckel, Jose Nivaldo A1 - Rocco, Evandro Marconi A1 - Schlingloff, Hanfried T1 - Modeling and Analysis of a LOX/Ethanol Liquid Rocket Engine JF - Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management N2 - This work studies the performance and dry mass of the under development LOX/Ethanol L75 liquid rocket engine. To this end, an object-oriented program written in C++ was developed. The program is intended to be versatile and easily extensible in order to analyze different configurations of liquid rocket engines. The UML (Unified Modeling Language) tool is used to model the architecture of the codes. UML diagrams help to visualize the code structure and the communication between objects, enabling a high degree of abstraction. The cryogenics Vulcain and HM7B engines power cycles along with the staged-combustion SSME engine perform the verification of the codes. Finally, the influence of changes in design parameters on the performance and dry mass of the L75 rocket engine is analyzed. KW - Ethanol KW - Liquid rocket engines KW - Modeling Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5028/jatm.v10.914 VL - 10 PB - Inst Aeronautica & Espaco-IAE ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Braun, Peter A1 - Gebhard, Jürgen A1 - Matysik, Frank-Michael A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter T1 - Potential Technical Approaches for Improving Low-Temperature NOx Conversion of Exhaust Aftertreatment Systems JF - Chemie Ingenieur Technik N2 - Lean-burn engines, such as diesel engines, are widely used in mobile and stationary applications. Operation of lean-burn engines leads to formation of distinct amounts of nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2). Efficient aftertreatment is mandatory to meet legal requirements, especially at low exhaust temperatures, as for the future a decline of the exhaust temperature level can be predicted due to improved engine efficiencies. Within this review, potential technical solutions to enhance the DeNO(x)-aftertreatment efficiency at low exhaust temperatures are presented. KW - DECOMPOSITION KW - Diesel Engine KW - Exhaust aftertreatment KW - IMPACT KW - Low-temperature DeNO(x) KW - NH3 KW - NITRIC-OXIDE KW - Nitrogen oxides KW - OXIDE CATALYST KW - PERFORMANCE KW - PYROLYSIS KW - SCR KW - Selective catalytic reduction KW - SELECTIVE CATALYTIC-REDUCTION KW - UREA HYDROLYSIS Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201700122 VL - 90 IS - 6 SP - 762 EP - 773 PB - WILEY-VCH ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaspar, Marcel A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Mayer, Wolfgang T1 - Ion-Molecule Reaction for the Selective Detection of Hydrocarbons in Diesel Exhaust Gas JF - Chemie Ingenieur Technik N2 - The hydrocarbons present in the diesel exhaust gas are analyzed. A mass spectrometer is used for the measurements, and it operates on the basis of an ion-molecule reaction. This method is especially suitable because it is selective, is as free of fragments as possible, and is highly sensitive to the species that need to be measured. The study shows that numerous hydrocarbons in diesel exhaust gas can be identified. In particular, three molecules, ethyne, ethene and propene, were analyzed online in-depth on an engine test bench under different engine operating conditions. KW - Diesel exhaust gas KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Ion-molecule reaction KW - Mass spectrometry Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201700075 VL - 90 IS - 6 SP - 826 EP - 834 PB - WILEY-VCH ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Barz, Tilman A1 - Seliger, Dominik A1 - Marx, Klemens A1 - Sommer, Andreas A1 - Walter, Sebastian F. A1 - Bock, Hans Georg A1 - Koerkel, Stefan T1 - State and state of charge estimation for a latent heat storage JF - Control Engineering Practice N2 - A nonlinear state observer is designed for a thermal energy storage with solid/liquid phase change material (PCM). Using a physical 2D dynamic model, the observer reconstructs transient spatial temperature fields inside the storage and estimates the stored energy and the state of charge. The observer has been successfully tested with a lab-scale latent heat storage with a single pass tube bundle and the phase change material located in a shell around each tube. It turns out that the observer robustly tracks the real process data with as few as four internal PCM temperature sensors. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Heat conduction in cylindrical shell KW - Kalman filter KW - Latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) KW - MODEL KW - Nonlinear state observer KW - OF-THE-ART KW - Orthogonal collocation KW - PCM KW - PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUES KW - PHASE-CHANGE MATERIAL KW - POLYETHYLENE KW - Reduced model KW - simulation KW - Solidification KW - State of charge (SOC) KW - SYSTEMS KW - THERMAL-ENERGY STORAGE Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2017.11.006 VL - 72 SP - 151 EP - 166 PB - Pergamon-Elsevier d. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rösel, Birgit T1 - Just-in-Time Teaching für einen Grundkurs Regelungstechnik – Ergebnisse und Auswirkungen der Profistufe des Zertifikats Hochschullehre JF - Didaktiknachrichten Y1 - 2018 UR - https://diz-bayern.de/DiNa/06_2018 IS - 06 SP - 66 EP - 71 PB - Zentrum für Hochschuldidaktik (DiZ) ER - TY - GEN A1 - Weiss, Nils T1 - Vulnerabilities of OBD2 Dongles T2 - RCAR Annual Conference, 2018, Munich, Germany Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mäule, Paul A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter T1 - Correlation of Oil Emissions with Particulate Emissions of Gasoline Engines T2 - Internationales AVL-Forum Abgas- und Partikelemissionen, 20. und 21. Februar 2018, Ludwigsburg N2 - Recent developments in exhaust gas legislation make it necessary to focus the research at the particulate emissions from gasoline engines and technologies for their reduction. In addition to the particulates resulting from the combustion of the fuel, the oil emissions represent another possible source for particulate emissions. This paper presents a measurement method which can be used to quantify stationary as well as dynamic oil emissions of gasoline engines. Furthermore, the correlation between the oil emissions and the particulate emissions is the focus of the investigations. Conventional methods for the determination of the oil emissions, such as the gravimetric and the volumetric measurement, are unsuitable since they require long engine operation times to provide useful results. These methods therefore do not allow a fast online measurements during the dynamic operation. For this reason, a new measuring method was used, which allows for a time-resolved online measurement of the oil emissions. This measurement method is based on the sulfur tracer method, which uses the sulfur that is naturally contained in the engine oil as a tracer. The sulfur concentration in the exhaust gas is determined by using an Ion-Molecule-Reaction mass spectrometer. The determination of the particulate emissions corresponds to the PMP regulation. The studies carried out under steady state and dynamic conditions show a clear correlation between the oil consumption and the number of particulates in the exhaust gas. In the case of the dynamic measurements it could also be shown that time-resolved measurements of the oil consumption are possible with the used measurement setup. In addition, it was shown that the number of particulates does not influence the measurement of the SO2-concentration. Furthermore, the different effects of burned and unburned oil emissions have been evaluated by the dosing of the oil into the exhaust gas. The overall conclusion of the measurements shows a strong influence of the oil emissions on the particulate emissions. Therefore, it is crucial to reduce the oil emissions. Possible approaches for this reduction can be improved turbocharger sealing concepts, new piston ring designs or more efficient oil separators for the crankcase ventilation system. KW - Auspuffgas KW - Benzinmotor KW - dynamisches Messen KW - Kraftstoff KW - Maschinenbetrieb KW - Massenspektrometer KW - Messmethode KW - Messtechnik KW - Motorenöl KW - Ölverbrauch KW - Online-Messung KW - Partikelemission KW - Schwefel KW - Tracer-Technik KW - Volumenmessung KW - Zeitmessung Y1 - 2018 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - AVL Deutschland CY - Mainz ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Smolareck, Elisabeth A1 - Faisst, Holger A1 - Schneider, Ralph T1 - Modellbasierte Korrektur von Inertialsensor-Signalen – Ein Schritt auf dem Weg zum hochautomatisierten Fahren T2 - Konferenz: AALE 2018 - 15. Fachkonferenz, Das Forum für Fachleute der Automatisierungstechnik aus Hochschulen und Wirtschaft 01.03.2018 - 02.03.2018 in Köln, Deutschland N2 - Infolge neuer Zielsetzungen im Automobilbereich, wie z. B. der Weiterentwicklung von Fahrerassistenzsystemen hin zum hochautomatisierten Fahren (HAF), ergeben sich erhöhte Anforderungen an die Signalgüte der im Fahrzeug eingesetzten Inertialsensoren für Drehraten und Beschleunigungen. Da deren Erfüllung über einen hardwarebasierten Ansatz nicht immer möglich und sinnvoll ist, strebt die Firma Continental eine Software-Lösung zur modellbasierten Verbesserung dieser Sensorsignale an. KW - Automobilindustrie KW - Beschleunigung KW - Fahrerassistenzsystem KW - Inertialsensor KW - Software-Lösung Y1 - 2018 UR - http://www.vde-verlag.de/proceedings-de/564522017.html SN - 978-3-8007-4522-7 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - VDE-Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gärtner, Uwe A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Zink, Uwe T1 - Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment of the Future JF - MTZ worldwide Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s38313-018-0060-2 VL - 79 IS - 7-8 SP - 70 EP - 75 PB - Springer ER -