TY - CHAP A1 - Hopkins, Andrew A1 - Hopfensperger, Bernhard A1 - Mellor, Phil T1 - DC-link Capacitor Reduction in Low Voltage and High Power Integrated Modular Motor Drives T2 - 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 29 Sept.-3 Oct. 2019, Baltimore, MD, USA N2 - The development of 48V high power (>15 kW) automotive propulsion drives demands close integration of the power electronics and the electrical machine. Due to the large operating currents distributed multi-phase topologies are needed and physically separating the power converter from the e-machine would involve heavy cabling and costly connections. The volume and cost of the filter capacitor represents a major challenge in closely integrated high power integrated modular motor drives and techniques are needed to minimize this. The DC-link capacitor requires a large ripple current handling capability and cost, size and reliability limitations result in suitable candidate technologies being those with low volumetric energy densities. Use of interleaved multi three-phase machines are attractive due to the associated capacitor ripple current reduction. Discontinuous modulation schemes may also be employed as a technique for reducing the current ripple. In this paper techniques for capacitor ripple reduction are assessed through simulation and compared. KW - Capacitors KW - carrier phase shift KW - DC-link capacitor KW - dual 3-phase inverter KW - integrated modular motor drive KW - Interleaving KW - Inverters KW - Low voltage KW - Motor drives KW - Pulse width modulation KW - ripple current reduction KW - winding displacement KW - Windings Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE.2019.8913213 SP - 3208 EP - 3214 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Scharfenberg, Georg A1 - Elis, Ludek A1 - Hofmann, Gerhard T1 - New Design Methodology – Using VHDL-AMS Models to Consider Aging Effects in Automotive Mechatronic Circuits for Safety Relevant Functions T2 - 2019 International Conference on Applied Electronics (AE), 10-11 Sept. 2019, Pilsen, Czech Republic N2 - In this paper a design method for mechatronic functions in an early design phase under consideration of the requirements of functional safety is proposed [14]. The goal of the method is to discover threats for the safety goals and to prove or optimize the diagnostic mechanisms. At the current design process a lifetime endurance test is performed in a late project phase. In order to avoid unexpected late design changes the method should be applied in an early design phase. The method is an additional way to avoid design failures for E/E functions with special focus on aging in the field of functional safety applications. The method is developed out of three standards VDI 2221 methodology for development and construction of technical systems and products [1]), VDI 2206 design methodology for mechatronic systems [2] and the ISO 26262 road vehicles - Functional Safety [3] by using the V-Model. Furthermore, a core element of the design method is simulating aging effects by applying VHDL - AMS. To demonstrate the design methodology a sensor out of the EGAS function is chosen as a safety relevant automotive system. The limitation is the availability of aging data for electrical components. KW - Aging KW - Design methodology KW - Functional Safety KW - Integrated circuit modeling KW - Mechatronic design method KW - Mechatronics KW - Resistor aging KW - safety Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.23919/AE.2019.8867034 SP - 1 EP - 5 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Brkic, Jovan A1 - Ceran, Muaz A1 - Elmoghazy, Mohamed A1 - Kavlak, Ramazan A1 - Haumer, Anton A1 - Kral, Christian T1 - Open Source PhotoVoltaics Library for Systemic Investigations T2 - Proceedings of the 13th International Modelica Conference, March 4-6, 2019, Regensburg, Germany N2 - For the planning of photovoltaic power plants standard software tools are used. Most of these software tools use statistical solar data to determine the overall energy harvest of a photovoltaic plant over one year. The calculations rely on stationary location and ideal boundary conditions, e.g., constant ambient temperature. Even though, for example, shadowing may be considered by standard software, the investigation of untypical configurations and problems cannot be performed by such software, as most configurations cannot be changed by the user. The presented PhotoVoltaics library was developed with the intention to provide a flexible framework for standard and non-standard problems. Particularly, the PhotoVoltaics library can be coupled with other Modelica libraries to perform systemic investigations. An application library, PhotoVoltaics_TGM, is provided as add-on, where measured data of two photovoltaic pants of the TGM in Vienna can be compared with simulation results. This add-on library serves as validation of the PhotoVoltaics library. KW - CELL KW - converter KW - data sheet KW - irradiance KW - maximum power tracking KW - module KW - Photovoltaics KW - plant KW - terrestrial solar model Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3384/ecp1915741 SP - 41 EP - 50 PB - Linköing University Electronic Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Alexander, Grimm A1 - Haumer, Anton T1 - Parametrization Of A Simplified Physical Battery Model T2 - Proceedings of the 13th International Modelica Conference, March 4-6, 2019, Regensburg, Germany N2 - The importance of batteries is increasing, especially in the field of the high power requirement systems like electric driven vehicles. Mobile energy storage makes it possible to accelerate with incredible torque, without any accruing air pollution. Due to the high costs of real components, it is of great use to simulate battery driven systems before building them. Transient processes within a cell are highly dependent on the operating point of the complete system, which makes it difficult to create equations and model arameterizations. This paper shows which data is important for cell modeling and how to parameterize simplified physical cell models. KW - battery parameterization KW - physical battery model KW - simplified battery model Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3384/ecp19157215 SP - 215 EP - 220 PB - Linköing University Electronic Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav T1 - Implementing Information Gained through Structural Health Monitoring – Proposal for Standards T2 - 13th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering, Mai 2019, Seoul, Korea N2 - With exception of a few issues such as design by testing, current standards do not include guidelines on the use and the quantification of value of additional information gained through Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). This contribution summarizes a recently developed draft of the guideline for practicing engineers in the framework of the EU-COST project 1402 and illustrates its application in engineering decision-making. Besides continuous and periodic monitoring, visual inspection, non-destructive evaluation and proof loading are included herein as a simple form of SHM. The guideline is independent of a type of structure, construction materials, loading, and of environmental conditions. It aims at a wide field of application including design of new structures, assessment of existing structures and type specific monitoring of a population of structures. The decision process related to the use of SHM is presented first together with relevant decision objectives and variables. Performance indicators are summarized and discussed with respect to the performance objectives. The evaluation of monitoring strategies based on life cycle costs is exposed and the selection of optimal intervention actions including safety measures is shown in representative case studies. The results demonstrate the potential of the use of monitoring to support engineering decisions and reflect though the practical benefits from the application of the guideline. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333578633_Implementing_Information_Gained_through_Structural_Health_Monitoring_-Proposal_for_Standards ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Briem, Ulrich ED - Scholten, Jan T1 - Neue Methode zur Bestimmung der Biegesteifigkeit von Drahtseilen T2 - Der Kran - Leistungssteigerung, Leichtbau und Automatisierung : 27. Internationale Kranfachtagung 2019 : Begleitband zur Kranfachtagung am 07. März 2019 in Bochum Y1 - 2019 SN - 3-89194-226-5 SP - 103 EP - 112 PB - Selbstverlag der Ruhr-Universität Bochum CY - Bochum ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Briem, Ulrich T1 - Lebensdauerverhalten verdichteter Seildrähte T2 - Ilmenauer Drahttag 2019 Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3- 938843-96-3 SP - 73 EP - 82 PB - ISLE Steuerungstechnik und Leistungselektronik CY - Ilmenau ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Büttner, Johannes A1 - Bohigas Boladeras, Pere A1 - Gottschalk, Philipp A1 - Kucera, Markus A1 - Waas, Thomas T1 - Performance Isolation of Co-located Workload in a Container-based Architecture for Automobile T2 - 9th International Conference on Ambient Computing, Applications, Services and Technologies 2019, 22-26.09.2019, Porto, Portugal N2 - As the development in the automotive sector is facing upcoming challenges, the demand for in-vehicle computing power capacity increases and the need for flexible hardware and software structures arises, allowing dynamic managament of resources. In this new scenario, software components are to be added, removed, updated and migrated between computing units. To isolate the software components from each other and allow its orchestration, a container-based virtualization approach is being tested throughout this research. The analysis focuses on the question if this virtualization technology could be an option to ensure an interference-free operation. Four different sample applications from the automotive environment are tested for their susceptibility to resource contention. The research on the one hand shows that CPU and memory used by an application can be largely isolated with this technology, but on the other hand, it becomes apparent that support for I/O-heavy usage is currently not implemented sufficiently for container engines. KW - container-based virtualization KW - resource management KW - resource isolation KW - stress testing Y1 - 2019 UR - https://ns2.thinkmind.org/articles/ambient_2019_2_20_40020.pdf SN - 978-1-61208-739-9 SP - 31 EP - 37 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Waas, Thomas ED - Ahmet, Yavuz Oral ED - Zehra, Banu Oral ED - Mehmet, Sezer ED - Mehmet, Emre Aköz ED - Seda, Kol ED - Onur, Alp ED - Aksan, Vala ED - Can, Aşkan ED - Gamze, Sekicek T1 - Energy Monitoring and Saving in Medium-Sized Companies T2 - 5th International Congress on Energy Efficiency & Energy Related Materials (ENEFM 2019), Gebze Technical University, Turkey, Book of Abstracts Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Braun, Peter A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Matysik, Frank-Michael T1 - Investigations on the Liquid-Phase Decomposition of AdBlue Urea for the Selective Catalytic Reduction Process JF - Chemie Ingenieur Technik N2 - Difficulties in decomposing AdBlue to ammonia limit the applicability of selective catalytic reduction systems at low exhaust temperatures. Investigations on the decomposition of AdBlue in the liquid phase under elevated pressure at temperatures up to 165 degrees C were carried out. Besides effects of inorganic catalysts, the impact of pH on urea decomposition was examined. After dissolution in aqueous phase, the compounds ZnO, WO3, and MoO3 were found to be effective in liquid-phase AdBlue decomposition. However, the efficiency was dropping significantly over few hours. Decomposition of AdBlue urea was also found to be favored for alkaline and acidic conditions. KW - AdBlue urea KW - Ammonia KW - DeNO(x) KW - EMISSIONS KW - HYDROLYSIS KW - KINETICS KW - Liquid-phase decomposition KW - LOW-TEMPERATURE SCR KW - MODEL KW - NOX KW - Selective catalytic reduction Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201800055 VL - 91 IS - 7 SP - 961 EP - 968 PB - Wiley ER -