TY - CHAP A1 - Ebner, Arno A1 - Haumer, Anton A1 - Simic, Dragan A1 - Pirker, Franz T1 - Interacting Modelica using a Named Pipe for Hardware-in-the-loop Simulation T2 - Modelica 2006, Conference proceedings / 5th International Modelica Conference : September 4 - 5, 2006, Vienna, Austria N2 - The paper presents a concept and an implementation of Modelica simulation interaction using the operating system inter-process communication method of the Named Pipe. The main aim of this presented work is to implement a hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) environment based on Dymola which runs on a normal Microsoft Windows Personal Com-puter. An energy storage test bench is connected by an ana-logue and digital data input/output card with the Dymola simulation computer. With this proposed system, particularly long-time simulations with sample rates up to 30 Hz can be executed very cost effective. Typical applications are simulations of drive cycles to test energy storage systems in electrified vehicles such as batteries or fuel cells. Other application ex-amples are the verification of battery models, thermal management models or battery management sys-tem (BMS) models. In this paper all methods used for implementation are described in detail. Especially the concept of inter-process communication and the concept for real-time and simulation time synchronization is discused. An application example which uses the provided concept is also shown at in this paper. In this example a longitudinal simulation of a vehicle is pre-sented. The startup phase of the internal combusting engine model and a short drive cycle in combination with a connected real battery is shown. Y1 - 2006 UR - https://modelica.org/events/modelica2006/Proceedings/sessions/Session3b1.pdf SP - 261 EP - 266 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bäuml, T. A1 - Haumer, Anton A1 - Kapeller, H. A1 - Starzinger, J. A1 - Farzi, P. T1 - Impact of inverter pulse inhibition on the high-voltage supply system of an electric vehicle — A simulative approach T2 - 2011 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC 2011) : Powering sustainable transportation ; Chicago, Illinois, USA, 06. - 09.09.2011 N2 - This paper deals with a simulative approach for investigating the impact of inverter pulse inhibition during field weakening operation of permanent magnet synchronous machines and asynchronous induction machines. The modelling and simulation language Modelica is used to design models for the vehicle, the electric machine and the inverter in different abstraction levels. It is shown that when using a permanent magnet synchronous machine, a sudden breakdown of the field weakening current causes induction of high voltages in the stator windings. Hence, the electric system of the vehicle has to be protected against the resulting high currents. Furthermore precautions have to be taken to avoid dangerous driving conditions because of high braking torques in an inverter fault operation mode. In the case of the asynchronous induction machine an inverter pulse inhibition poses no big problem, neither for the electric system of the vehicle, nor the driver. KW - asynchronous machines KW - Connectors KW - electric vehicles KW - Inverters KW - invertors KW - Mathematical model KW - Object oriented modeling KW - permanent magnet machines KW - power engineering computing KW - Rotors KW - synchronous machines KW - Torque KW - Vehicles Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-1-61284-248-6 SN - 978-1-61284-247-9 SN - 978-1-61284-246-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2011.6043159 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bogomolov, Maxim A1 - Kral, Christian A1 - Haumer, Anton A1 - Lomonova, Elena T1 - Modeling of permanent magnet synchronous machine with fractional slot windings T2 - Proceedings IECON 2012 - 38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society ; Ecole de Technologie Superieure de Montreal, Universite du Quebec Montreal, Canada 25 - 28 October, 2012 N2 - This paper focuses on simulation of permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) with fractional-slot windings (FSW) in Modelica. Modeling of the electrical machines with object-oriented approach is shortly described, and a new Modelica library for simulation of electrical machines is introduced. The results of simulation of PMSMs with fractional slot windings are presented and explained. Special attention is paid to the higher harmonics and subharmonics produced by the winding and their influence on machine operation. KW - Concentrated KW - fractional slot KW - harmonics KW - Modelica KW - permanent magnet KW - subharmonics KW - synchronous machines KW - Torque KW - windings Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-1-4673-2421-2 SN - 978-1-4673-2419-9 SN - 978-1-4673-2420-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2012.6388912 SN - 1553-572X SP - 1894 EP - 1899 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hong, Jongman A1 - Hyun, Doosoo A1 - Kang, Tae-june A1 - Lee, Sang Bin A1 - Kral, Christian A1 - Haumer, Anton T1 - Detection and classification of rotor demagnetization and eccentricity faults for PM synchronous motors T2 - 2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE 2011) : Energy conversion innovation for a clean energy future ; Phoenix, Arizona, USA, 17.-22.09.2011 N2 - Condition monitoring of rotor problems such as demagnetization and eccentricity in permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) is essential for guaranteeing high motor performance, efficiency, and reliability. However, there are many limitations to the off-line and on-line methods currently used for PMSM rotor quality assessment. In this paper, an inverter-embedded technique for automated detection and classification of PMSM rotor faults is proposed as an alternative. The main concept is to use the inverter to perform a test whenever the motor is stopped, to detect rotor faults independent of operating conditions or load torque oscillations, which is not possible with motor current signature analysis (MCSA). The d-axis is excited with a dc+ac signal, and the variation in the inductance pattern due to the change in the degree of magnetic saturation caused by demagnetization or eccentricity is observed for fault detection. An experimental study on a 7.5kW PMSM verifies that demagnetization and eccentricity can be detected and classified independent of the load with high sensitivity. KW - AC Machine KW - Condition Monitoring KW - d-axis Inductance KW - Demagnetization KW - Eccentricity KW - fault diagnosis KW - invertors KW - Magnetic Saturation KW - Permanent Magnet (PM) KW - permanent magnet motors KW - Synchronous Motor (SM) KW - synchronous motors Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-1-4577-0542-7 SN - 978-1-4577-0541-0 SN - 978-1-4577-0540-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE.2011.6064103 SN - 2329-3721 SN - 2329-3748 SP - 2512 EP - 2519 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hong, Jongman A1 - Lee, Sang Bin A1 - Kral, Christian A1 - Haumer, Anton T1 - Detection of airgap eccentricity for permanent magnet synchronous motors based on the d-axis inductance T2 - 8th IEEE International Symposium on Diagnostics for Electric Machines, Power Electronics & Drives (SDEMPED), 2011 // 05. - 08.09.2011, Bologna, Italy N2 - The majority of the work performed for detecting eccentricity faults for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) focus on motor current signature analysis (MCSA), as it provides continuous on-line monitoring with existing current sensors. However, MCSA cannot be applied under nonstationary conditions and cannot distinguish faults with load torque oscillations, which are limitations for many PMSM drive applications. In this paper, it is shown that the d-axis inductance, L d , decreases with increase in the severity of eccentricity due to the change in the degree of magnetic saturation, and it is proposed as a new fault indicator. The inverter can be used to perform a standstill test automatically whenever the motor is stopped, to measure L d for eccentricity testing independent of load variations or oscillations, which is not possible with MCSA. An FE and experimental study on a 10hp PMSM verifies that eccentricity can be detected independent of the load with high sensitivity and reliability. KW - Airgap Eccentricity KW - Condition Monitoring KW - Diagnostics KW - fault location KW - inductance KW - load (electric) KW - machine testing KW - Magnetic Saturation KW - Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA) KW - permanent magnet motors KW - Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor KW - synchronous motor protection Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-1-4244-9301-2 SN - 978-1-4244-9303-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/DEMPED.2011.6063651 SP - 378 EP - 384 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Haumer, Anton A1 - Kral, Christian T1 - Modeling a Mains connected PWM Converter with Voltage-Oriented Control T2 - Proceedings of the 8th International Modelica Conference, Technical Univeristy, Dresden, Germany, 20.-22.03.2011 N2 - The majority of industrial controlled induction machine drives are connected to the mains via a diode bridge. However; if reduction of harmonic currents and / or regenerative operation is desired; replacing the diode bridge by an active front-end (AFE) is required. This paper describes two models of an AFE: a power balance model disregarding switching effects; and an ideal switching model of a pulse width modulation (PWM) converter. Both models are controlled utilizing space phasors in a voltage oriented reference frame. Voltage oriented control (VOC) of the mains converter can be compared with field oriented control (FOC) of a machine converter. Design and parametrization of the main parts—synchronization with mains voltage; current controller and DC voltage controller—are described in detail. Additionally; simulation results proving the implementation and demonstrating possible investigations as well as an outlook on further enhancements are presented. KW - Active Front-End KW - PWM Converter KW - Voltage-Oriented Control Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3384/ecp11063388 SP - 388 EP - 397 PB - Linköping University Electronic Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Jungreuthmayer, C. A1 - Bauml, T. A1 - Winter, O. A1 - Ganchev, M. A1 - Kapeller, H. A1 - Haumer, Anton A1 - Kral, Christian T1 - Heat and fluid flow analysis of an internal permanent magnet synchronous machine by means of computational fluid dynamics T2 - 2011 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC 2011) ; Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, 15 - 18 May 2011 N2 - This paper presents a comprehensive computational fluid (CFD) model of a radial flux permanent magnet synchronous machine with interior magnets. In the CFD model the water jacket cooling and a simplified model of the topology of the distributed stator winding are considered. The heat sources of the CFD model are determined from a finite element analysis of the machine. The numerically determined temperature distributions of the machine are compared with measurement results from sensors located both in the stator and rotor. The particular focus of this paper is the analysis of the temperatures and the heat flow in the air gap and from the stator winding head and the rotor to the inner air. KW - CFD KW - computational fluid dynamics KW - Cooling KW - finite element analysis KW - interior magnet KW - permanent magnet machines KW - permanent magnet synchronous machine KW - Rotors KW - sensor placement KW - stators KW - synchronous machines KW - temperature KW - temperature distribution KW - thermal analysis Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-1-4577-0060-6 SN - 978-1-4577-0061-3 SN - 978-1-4577-0059-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2011.5994651 SP - 515 EP - 520 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Haumer, Anton A1 - Kral, Christian ED - Otter, Martin ED - Zimmer, Dirk T1 - Motor Management of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines T2 - Proceedings of the 9th International MODELICA Conference; September 3-5; 2012; Munich; Germany N2 - Two state-of-the-art machine designs are mainly used in recent electric and hybrid electric vehicles: asynchronous induction machines with squirrel cage which are robust but need a current component to excite the magnetic field; and permanent magnet synchronous machines which rely on somehow more sensible parts but the magnets are able to excite a magnetic field without current. However; if speed gets high enough to reach the field weakening range; for both machine the field oriented control has to prescribe a field current sufficient to reduce the field not to exceed the voltage limits of the stator circuit. Especially for the permanent magnet synchronous machine this paper investigates whether it is possible to determine an optimal field current for every operation point to minimize either total current consumption or losses. KW - Field Oriented Control KW - Optimization of Field Current KW - permanent magnet synchronous machine Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-91-7519-826-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3384/ecp12076159 SN - 1650-3686 SN - 1650-3740 SP - 159 EP - 166 PB - Linköping University Electronic Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kapeller, Hansjörg A1 - Haumer, Anton A1 - Kral, Christian A1 - Grabner, Christian ED - Ao, Sio-Iong ED - Gelman, Len T1 - Different Designs of Large Chipper Drives T2 - Electronic Engineering and Computing Technology N2 - This paper presents two simulation models for two variants of a large chipper drive used in a paper mill. If a slip ring induction motor is used, the impact of a rotor circuit rheostat with respect to starting behavior and heavy duty load impulses can be examined. Furthermore a speed controlled squirrel cage induction machine will be investigated. The modeling language for both drives is Modelica. The simulation results for both drives are compared and discussed. KW - induction motor KW - load impulses KW - slip ring KW - speed control KW - squirrel cage Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-90-481-8775-1 SN - 978-90-481-8776-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8776-8_9 SP - 93 EP - 104 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kral, Christian A1 - Haumer, Anton A1 - Bogomolov, Maxim A1 - Lomonova, Elena T1 - Harmonic wave model of a permanent magnet synchronous machine for modeling partial demagnetization under short circuit conditions T2 - 2012 XXth International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM 2012) ; Marseille, France, 2 - 5 September 2012 N2 - This paper proposes a multi domain physical model of permanent magnet synchronous machines, considering electrical, magnetic, thermal and mechanical effects. For each component of the model, the main wave as well as lower and higher harmonic wave components of the magnetic flux and the magnetic potential difference may be considered. The permanent magnets are modeled as discrete azimuthal segments in order to consider possible partial demagnetization effects. For each magnet segment a linearized temperature dependent B-H curve is considered. The main advantage of the presented model is that time transient operational behavior of a permanent magnet synchronous machine can be considered under various electrical, magnetic, thermal and mechanical conditions. The electromagnetic condition of surface magnet machine is compared with finite element analysis. KW - demagnetization KW - harmonic analysis KW - magnetic fields KW - magnetic flux KW - magnetic potential difference KW - permanent magnet synchronous machine KW - reluctance KW - segmentation KW - temperature Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-1-4673-0142-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICElMach.2012.6349880 SP - 295 EP - 301 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER -