TY - GEN A1 - Walter, Stefanie A1 - Schwanzer, Peter A1 - Hagen, Gunter A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Dietrich, Markus A1 - Moos, Ralf T1 - Combined Ash and Soot Monitoring in Gasoline Particulate Filters with a Radio-Frequency-Based Sensor T2 - SAE World Congress Experience, April 5-7, 2022, Detroit, Michigan, USA N2 - In recent years, it turned out that primarily the number of ultrafine particles and not their mass is relevant in terms of harmful health effects. Therefore, exhaust emission standards are constantly being tightened with regard to the particulate number. To meet the emission limits, particulate filters have become necessary for gasoline engines. Similar to diesel applications, gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) can be monitored via differential pressure measurement or via a radio-frequency approach (RF-sensor). The latter is based on the influence of the soot conductivity on the electromagnetic field. To control the GPF, ash detection is of crucial importance besides the soot load monitoring. With the differential pressure system, this is only possible with high uncertainties due to the low pressure increase caused by ash. The RF-sensor, however, has already demonstrated its potential for ash detection in diesel applications. In order to verify the applicability of the system for GPFs, filters were loaded via a method for fast ash loading. Thereby, it was shown that by evaluating resonant modes – especially the resonant frequency – the ash loading can easily be measured as long as the filter is soot-unloaded. In contrast, soot loading can be determined independently from this by considering a frequency-averaged transmission signal between the antennas of the RF-sensor. Using a setup for radio-frequency material characterization, the dielectric parameters of the generated ash were also measured. In comparison with the properties of the synthetic soot PrintexU, ash showed significantly lower dielectric losses. Thus, the evaluation of the loss-dependent quality factor, which is only possible at low soot loadings, allows a precise conclusion whether the filter is completely soot-free. Furthermore, using synthetic soot loading, it could be shown that soot detection via the averaged transmission signal is not affected by ash. In summary, it could be shown that with the RF-sensor, ash and soot can be simultaneously detected. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://eref.uni-bayreuth.de/id/eprint/69506 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Altmann, Robert A1 - Gaderer, Matthias A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter T1 - Prüfstandsuntersuchungen an einem DEUTZ NRMM Motor mit Rapsölkraftstoff und Optimierung des Betriebs- und Emissionsverhaltens durch statistische Versuchsplanung T2 - 18. Internationaler Fachkongress "Kraftstoffe der Zukunft 2021" - digital & international vernetzt!, online Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sterner, Michael T1 - Gas aus einer Gesamtenergieversorgungsperspektive - Warum wir Power-to-X für die Klimaneutralität brauchen T2 - Kopernikus-Konferenz Projekt "Ensure" (Deutsche Umwelthilfe), 15. April 2021 KW - Erneuerbare Energien KW - Klimaneutralität KW - Energiewende KW - Sektorenkopplung KW - Power-to-Gas Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sterner, Michael A1 - Schumm, Leon T1 - Netzpuffer – Speicher & Kraftwerke als virtuelle Leitungen für mehr Versorgungssicherheit und EE-Integration in Nord und Süd T2 - 7. Smart-Grid-Fachtagung WAGO, Hannover, 29. Sept. 2021 KW - Stromspeicher KW - Batterien KW - Netzpuffer KW - Stromnetz Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sterner, Michael T1 - Grüner Wasserstoff - wo wir ihn brauchen für die Klimaneutralität T2 - Energiewendeforum Wasserstoff (Grüner Strom Label e. V.), Bonn, 21. September 2021 KW - Erneuerbare Energien KW - Klimaneutralität KW - Energiewende KW - Wasserstoff Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sterner, Michael T1 - Wie wird Deutschland klimaneutral? Neue Lösungen für erneuerbare Energieerzeugung T2 - Jahreskonferenz der Stiftung Nagelschneider zur Erforschung, München, 19.11.2021 KW - Erneuerbare Energien KW - Klimaneutralität KW - Energiewende KW - Klimaschutz Y1 - 2021 CY - München ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sterner, Michael T1 - Power-to-X for Europes Energy Transformation – Booster H2Global T2 - Hydrogen Online Workshop Conference (Mission Hydrogen), 25.03.2021 KW - Erneuerbare Energien KW - Klimaneutralität KW - Energiewende KW - Sektorenkopplung KW - Power-to-X Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sterner, Michael T1 - Technologieausblick Solarstromspeicher T2 - Innovationsforum Photovoltaik, 18. Oktober 2021, Linz KW - Erneuerbare Energien KW - Klimaneutralität KW - Energiewende KW - Solarstrom KW - Energiespeicher KW - Photovoltaik Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sterner, Michael T1 - Die Grenzen des Wasserstoff-Hypes T2 - 1. Mitteldeutscher Wasserstoffkongress, 2. November 2021, Leuna CCE Kulturhaus KW - Erneuerbare Energien KW - Klimaneutralität KW - Energiewende KW - Wasserstoff Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sterner, Michael A1 - Heberl, Michael T1 - The ORBIT-Project: Biological methanation in a trickle-bed reactor - key results and next steps T2 - 5th Nuremberg Workshop on Methanation and 2nd Generation, Nürnberg Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, 28.05.2021 KW - biologische Methanisierung KW - Archaeen KW - Power-to-Gas KW - Erneuerbare Energien KW - Rieselbett Bioreaktor Y1 - 2021 ER -