TY - CHAP A1 - Ramsauer, Ralf A1 - Bulwahn, Lukas A1 - Lohmann, Daniel A1 - Mauerer, Wolfgang ED - Zhang, Yinqian ED - Sion, Radu T1 - The Sound of Silence : Mining Security Vulnerabilities from Secret Integration Channels in Open-Source Projects T2 - Proceedings of the 2020 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Cloud Computing Security Workshop: 09.11.2020, virtual event N2 - Public development processes are a key characteristic of open source projects. However, fixes for vulnerabilities are usually discussed privately among a small group of trusted maintainers, and integrated without prior public involvement. This is supposed to prevent early disclosure, and cope with embargo and non-disclosure agreement (NDA) rules. While regular development activities leave publicly available traces, fixes for vulnerabilities that bypass the standard process do not. We present a data-mining based approach to detect code fragments that arise from such infringements of the standard process. By systematically mapping public development artefacts to source code repositories, we can exclude regular process activities, and infer irregularities that stem from non-public integration channels. For the Linux kernel, the most crucial component of many systems, we apply our method to a period of seven months before the release of Linux 5.4. We find 29 commits that address 12 vulnerabilities. For these vulnerabilities, our approach provides a temporal advantage of 2 to 179 days to design exploits before public disclosure takes place, and fixes are rolled out. Established responsible disclosure approaches in open development processes are supposed to limit premature visibility of security vulnerabilities. However, our approach shows that, instead, they open additional possibilities to uncover such changes that thwart the very premise. We conclude by discussing implications and partial countermeasures. Y1 - 2020 SN - 9781450380843 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3411495.3421360 SP - 147 EP - 157 PB - ACM CY - New York, NY, USA ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hayakawa, Shuhei A1 - Al-Falouji, Ghassan A1 - Schickhuber, Gerald A1 - Mandl, Roland A1 - Yoshida, Takahiro A1 - Hangai, Seiichiro T1 - A Method of Toothbrush Position Measurement using AR Markers T2 - 2020 IEEE 2nd Global Conference on Life Sciences and Technologies (LifeTech): 10-12 March 2020, Kyoto, Japan N2 - Appropriate daily brushing of the teeth is important for preventing oral diseases. Therefore, a personal assistant for assessing and coaching appropriate toothbrushing is needed. Herein, a three-dimensional toothbrush position measurement method using augmented reality (AR) markers is proposed. The AR markers are detected via a brushing video captured using a smartphone camera. The AR markers are installed on each surface of a dodecahedron attached at the rear end of the toothbrush. This report describes the proposed method, the resulting toothbrush position measurement accuracy, and the optimal number of markers needed for an accurate measurement of the position. KW - AR marker KW - position measurement KW - toothbrush Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/LifeTech48969.2020.1570619103 SP - 91 EP - 93 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fischer, Sebastian A1 - Neubauer, Katrin A1 - Hackenberg, Rudolf T1 - A Study about the Different Categories of IoT in Scientific Publications T2 - CLOUD COMPUTING 2020: the Eleventh International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs and Virtualization, October 25-29, 2020, Nizza N2 - The Internet of Things (IoT) is widely used as a synonym for nearly every connected device. This makes it really difficult to find the right kind of scientific publication for the intended category of IoT. Conferences and other events for IoT are confusing about the target group (consumer, enterprise, industrial, etc.) and standardisation organisations suffer from the same problem. To demonstrate these problems, this paper shows the results of an analyses over IoT publications in different research libraries. The number of results for IoT, consumer, enterprise and industrial search queries were evaluated and a manual study about 100 publications was done. According to the research library or search engine, different results about the distribution of consumer-, enterprise- and industrial- IoT are visible. The comparison with the results of the manual evaluation shows that some search queries do not show all desired publications or that considerably more, unwanted results are returned. Most researchers do not use the keywords right and the exact category of IoT can only be accessed via the abstract. This shows major problems with the use of the term IoT and its minor limitations. KW - Internet of Things KW - IoT KW - publications KW - consumer KW - industrial KW - enterprise KW - categorization Y1 - 2020 UR - https://thinkmind.org/articles/cloud_computing_2020_2_20_28004.pdf SN - 978-1-61208-778-8 SP - 24 EP - 30 PB - IARIA ER - TY - INPR A1 - Göppel, Simon A1 - Frikel, Jürgen A1 - Haltmeier, Markus T1 - A complementary ℓ1 -TV reconstruction algorithm for limited data CT N2 - In a variety of tomographic applications, data cannot be fully acquired, leading to severely underdetermined image reconstruction. Conventional methods result in reconstructions with significant artifacts. In order to remove these artifacts, regularization methods have to be applied that incorporate additional information. An important example is TV reconstruction which is well known to efficiently compensate for missing data and well reduces reconstruction artifacts. At the same time, however, tomographic data is also contaminated by noise, which poses an additional challenge. The use of a single regularizer within a variational regularization framework must therefore account for both the missing data and the noise. However, a single regularizer may not be ideal for both tasks. For example, the TV regularizer is a poor choice for noise reduction over different scales, in which case ℓ1 curvelet regularization methods work well. To address this issue, in this paper we introduce a novel variational regularization framework that combines the advantages of two different regularizers. The basic idea of our framework is to perform reconstruction in two stages, where the first stage mainly aims at accurate reconstruction in the presence of noise, and the second stage aims at artifact reduction. Both reconstruction stages are connected by a data proximity condition. The proposed method is implemented and tested for limited-view CT using a combined curvelet-TV approach. We define and implement a curvelet transform adapted to the limited view problem and demonstrate the advantages of our approach in a series of numerical experiments in this context. KW - Image reconstruction KW - limited data KW - artifact reduction KW - sparse regularization KW - complementary image reconstruction KW - wedge-adapted curvelets Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Borg, Leise A1 - Sauer Jørgensen, Jakob A1 - Frikel, Jürgen A1 - Todd Quinto, Eric A1 - Sporring, Jon T1 - Reducing artifacts from varying projection truncations T2 - 3rd International Conference on Tomography of Materials and Structures Lund, Sweden, 26-30 June 2017, ICTMS2017-65-1 N2 - We study samples with full and partial occlusion causing streak artifacts, and propose two mod-ifications of filtered backprojection for artifact removal. Data is obtained by the SPring-8 synchrotron using a monochromatic parallel-beam scan [1]. Thresholding in the sinogram segments the metal, resulting in edges on which we apply 1) a smooth transition, or 2) a Dirichlet boundary condition. KW - X-ray tomography KW - projection truncation KW - streak artifacts KW - boundary conditions Y1 - 2017 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/ICTMS2017/ICTMS2017-65-1.pdf ER - TY - GEN A1 - Frikel, Jürgen A1 - Göppel, Simon A1 - Haltmeier, Markus T1 - Combining reconstruction and edge detection in CT T2 - BVM Workshop 2023, 02.-04. Juli 2023, Braunschweig N2 - We present two methods that combine image reconstruction and edge detection in computed tomography (CT) scans. Our first method is as an extension of the prominent filtered backprojection algorithm. In our second method we employ ℓ1-regularization for stable calculation of the gradient. As opposed to the first method, we show that this approach is able to compensate for undersampled CT data. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.bvm-workshop.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/3091_poster.pdf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Frikel, Jürgen A1 - Quinto, E.T. ED - Burger, Martin ED - Todd Quinto, Eric ED - Louis, Alfred K. T1 - Artifacts in limited view tomography T2 - Oberwolfach Reports Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4171/OWR/2014/37 VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 2047 EP - 2114 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Galka, Stefan A1 - Schuhegger, Lukas ED - Feng, B. ED - Pedrielli, G. ED - Peng, Y. ED - Shashaani, S. ED - Song, E. ED - Corlu, C.G. ED - Lee, L.H. ED - Chew, E.P. ED - Roeder, T. ED - Lendermann, P. T1 - Integration of Discrete-event Simulation in the Planning of a Hydrogen Electrolyzer Production Facility T2 - Proceedings of the 2022 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), 11-14 Dec. 2022, Singapore N2 - In the context of production and factory planning, the expansion of the factory must already be taken into account during initial planning. This results in an increase in planning complexity, as the involved planners have to know the expansion stages of the factory in the different time periods and have to evaluate concept modifications across all time periods. This paper presents an idea for a planning tool, which takes expansion stages into consideration. The data model contains all relevant information to generate a simulation model of the factory in an almost automated way. The aim is to enable factory planners to quickly investigate concept changes with the help of simulation, for example, to identify bottlenecks. KW - Simulation KW - Production KW - Digital Twin Y1 - 2022 UR - https://informs-sim.org/wsc22papers/pos114.pdf PB - IEEE CY - Singapore ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wild, Tobias A1 - Galka, Stefan A1 - Wappler, Mona A1 - Xing, Lu ED - Potter, A. ED - Pawar, K. S. ED - O’Reilly, S. ED - Jimo, A. T1 - Integrating supply chain aspects into factory planning, a simulation approach T2 - The journey to sustainable supply chains: proceedings of the 26th International Symposium on Logistics (ISL 2022), 10-13th July 2022, Cork, Ireland N2 - One major goal of green-field factory planning is to decide on space requirements in the plant. In this phase, detailed information about the supply chain network (e.g. which suppliers deliver which parts) is often unavailable. Nevertheless, typical decisions in supply chain management, like the definition of replenishment processes and quantities or make-or-buy decisions, impact space requirements in the factory and should therefore be considered in the factory planning. This research article proposes a simulation approach for a factory simulation in which raw material replenishment is integrated to evaluate the space requirements for raw materials. KW - factory planning KW - supply chain management KW - replenishment strategies KW - space requirements KW - discrete event simulation Y1 - 2022 UR - https://isl21.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/ISL_2022_Proceedings.pdf SN - 978-0-85358-350-9 PB - Nottingham University Business School, UK CY - Nottingham, UK ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmid, Florian A1 - Wild, Tobias A1 - Schneidewind, Jan A1 - Vogl, Tobias A1 - Schuhegger, Lukas A1 - Galka, Stefan T1 - Simulation Based Approach for Reconfiguration and Ramp up Scenario Analysis in Factory Planning T2 - Proceedings of the 2022 Winter Simulation Conference (WSG), 11-14 Dec. 2022, Singapore N2 - Structural changes in production entail a potential economic risk for manufacturing companies. It is necessary to identify a suitable strategy for the reconfiguration process and to continue to meet the demand during the change in the factory structure and ramp-up phase. A simulation offers the possibility to analyze different ramp-up scenarios for the factory structure and to select a suitable concept for the reconfiguration process. A discrete event simulation approach is presented that can be used to evaluate variants of structural changes and serves as a basis for deciding on a reconfiguration strategy. This approach is demonstrated using a specific production step of a plant producing hydrogen electrolyzers, the results and generalized conclusions are discussed. KW - Simulation KW - Production KW - Ramp up Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-6654-7661-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC57314.2022.10015310 SP - 2842 EP - 2852 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Altenbuchner, Amelie A1 - Mücke, Vanessa A1 - Haug, Sonja ED - Schreier, Günter T1 - Comparing monitoring results of two motion trackers for geriatric patients T2 - dHealth 2020: biomedical informatics for health and care, proceedings of the 14th Health Informatics Meets Digital Health Conference N2 - Background: Fitbit and Garmin motion tracker devices are highly used in research. The validity and reliability of these devices is proven for healthy adults between 18 and 64. Objectives: Comparing data output of two devices. Methods: Observational case study on a test track and in the domestic environment of a 80- year-old female multimorbide geriatric patient. Results: High significant correlation of the devices on the test track [r=.776, p≤.001, Bca-CI-95% (.618;.874), N=33], but significant different in the domestic environment over time (z=4.840, p≤.001). Conclusion: The dominant/non-dominant body side and further sources of error may play a role in monitoring steps with these devices. KW - physical activity KW - steps KW - geriatric patients KW - health monitoring KW - motion tracker KW - wearables KW - parallel test reliability KW - concurrent validity Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-1-64368-085-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/SHTI200078 SP - 77 EP - 84 PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Haug, Sonja A1 - Schmidbauer, Simon ED - Spieker, Michael ED - Hofmann, Christian T1 - Integrationskonzepte und Messung von Integration auf kommunaler Ebene T2 - Integration - Teilhabe und Zusammenleben in der Migrationsgesellschaft KW - Soziale Integration KW - Migration KW - Einwanderer KW - Flüchtling Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.nomos-elibrary.de/10.5771/9783748910558-67/integrationskonzepte-und-messung-von-integration-auf-kommunaler-ebene?page=1 SN - 9783748910558 SP - 69 EP - 84 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weber, Karsten ED - Hergesell, J. ED - Meister, M. ED - Maibaum, A. T1 - Robotik in der Pflege- und Gesundheitsversorgung BT - Eine normative Bestandsaufnahme T2 - Genese und Folgen der Pflegerobotik N2 - Drei Veränderungen charakterisieren den demografischen Wandel in Deutschland: steigende durchschnittliche Lebenserwartung, der Anteil der Alten und Hochbetagten wächst und der Anteil der jüngeren Generationen schrumpft. Konsequenzen sind ein Zuwachs chronisch-degenerativer und pflegeintensiver Erkrankungen, ein schrumpfendes Arbeitskräftepotenzial und vor der Überlastung stehende soziale Sicherungssysteme. Abhilfe soll durch verstärkten Technikeinsatz in der Pflege, insbesondere durch Roboter, geleistet werden: Roboter sollen Pflegekräfte ergänzen oder ersetzen, um dem Pflegenotstand zu begegnen und die Kosten der Pflege zu senken. Damit gehen aber zahlreiche Herausforderungen einher, die nicht zuletzt ethische Fragen berühren: Eine durch Technik bzw. Roboter gestützte Pflege wird diese in ihrem Kern verändern, Professions- und Menschenbilder werden infrage gestellt und moralische Ansprüche tangiert. Der Beitrag zeichnet diese Gemengelage nach und skizziert ein diskursethisch ausgerichtetes Verfahren (MEESTAR) zur Aushandlung der Bedingungen für den Robotereinsatz in der Pflege- und Gesundheitsversorgung. Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-7799-5243-5 IS - 196 EP - 180 PB - Beltz/Juventa CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weber, Karsten T1 - Computers as omnipotent instruments of power BT - Hopes, fears and actual change in administration, politics, and society from the 1960s to 1980s JF - The ORBIT Journal - An Online Journal for Responsible Research and Innovation in ICT N2 - With examples concerning the development and dissemination of computer technology in the Soviet Union, the U.S., and other Western countries it shall be demonstrated that computer development on the one hand and social change as well as changes in policy making and administration on the other hand are mingled with each other without a clear direction of causation being discernible.It also shall be shown that perceived social and political threats imposed by early computer technology sometimes actually helped to stop or at least slow down social change. One conclusion that can be drawn from the case studies described for RRI is that the conscious steering of innovations fails because of diffuse and uncoordinated resistance from very different stakeholders. The case studies also suggest that the effectiveness of RRI might be rather limited. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.29297/orbit.v2i1.97 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kleine, Nadine A1 - Ulbricht, Max-R. A1 - Weber, Karsten A1 - Pallas, Frank ED - Decker, Michael ED - Lindner, Ralf ED - Lingner, Stephan ED - Scherz, Constanze ED - Sotoudeh, Mahshid T1 - Participatory Sensing und Wearable Technologies als partizipative Formen der Datengenerierung im Internet of Things BT - Potenziale, Herausforderungen und erste Lösungsansätze T2 - 'Grand Challenges' meistern - der Beitrag der Technikfolgenabschätzung KW - Wearable Computer KW - Datenerhebung KW - Internet der Dinge Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845283562-245 SP - 245 EP - 257 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weber, Karsten T1 - Vorausschau und Regulierung von Innovationsprozessen im Bereich der ubiquitären Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie JF - Modern Management Review / Dawna Nazwa - Zardądzanie i Marketing N2 - On the one hand technological innovations can create new markets and can provide for solutions of current social problems; on the other hand the can raise questions concerning environmental and/or social adequacy on short-, middle-, and long-range time scales. In or-der to strengthen the positive outcomes of innovations and to reduce or even prevent nega-tive effects, the task of technology assessment is to predict the positive as well as the nega-tive effects and repercussions of innovations as early as possible. However, it must be pre-supposed that first, it must be possible to make to a certain extent reliable predications about the future development and second, that regulatory measurements in order to strengthen the positive outcomes of innovations and to reduce or even prevent negative effects will find their respective addressees. But if one takes, for instance, ubiquitous information and com-munication technology into account it can be demonstrated that those conditions rarely can be met. This is the result of the types of innovation which take place in case of ICT as well as of the so-called Collingridge dilemma. Both factors reduce the reliability of predictions. Furthermore, regulatory measurements often do not find their addressees since the borders of the societal subsystems in which innovation take place are blurring and therefore, these subsystems often cannot be reached with mainstream regulatory approaches like laws. KW - Technikfolgenabschätzung KW - Foresight KW - Innovationsforschung und –management KW - Informations-und Kommunikationstechnologie Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7862/rz.2013.mmr.39 VL - 20 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weber, Karsten A1 - Kleine, Nadine A1 - Pallas, Frank A1 - Ulbricht, Max-R. T1 - Technik zur Unterstützung von Citizen Science und Open Science BT - Technische und organisatorische Herausforderungen und mögliche Lösungsansätze JF - TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis N2 - If citizens actively participate in the process of collecting empirical data, as a key element of empirically oriented scientific projects, this can be seen as a contribution to an open and citizen-oriented science. Such participation can be supported by providing technical tools. The paper therefore presents examples of participatory sensing as the provision of affordable sensors for measuring environmental parameters as well as wearable technologies for recording quantified vital data and physiological states. Conceptually, the provision of data collected with these tools can be understood as a commons – with all opportunities and risks associated with such goods. After describing examples of participatory sensing and wearable technologies, the authors identify potential challenges and outline technical and organizational approaches to solve them. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.14512/tatup.26.1-2.25 VL - 26 IS - 1/2 SP - 25 EP - 30 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weber, Karsten T1 - What is it like to encounter an autonomous artificial agent? JF - AI & Society N2 - Following up on Thomas Nagel’s paper “What is it like to be a bat?” and Alan Turing’s essay “Computing machinery and intelligence,” it shall be claimed that a successful interaction of human beings and autonomous artificial agents depends more on which characteristics human beings ascribe to the agent than on whether the agent really has those characteristics. It will be argued that Masahiro Mori’s concept of the “uncanny valley” as well as evidence from several empirical studies supports that assertion. Finally, some tentative conclusions concerning moral implications of the arguments presented here shall be drawn KW - Autonomous artificial agent KW - Turing test KW - Uncanny valley KW - Moral responsibility Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-013-0453-3 VL - 28 IS - 4 SP - 483 EP - 489 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weber, Karsten T1 - Technik in der Pflege BT - Was war und ist; was wird, soll, darf, muss sein? JF - Evangelium und Wissenschaft Y1 - 2018 VL - 39 IS - 1 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weber, Karsten A1 - Kleine, Nadine ED - Christen, Markus ED - Gordijn, Bert ED - Loi, Michele T1 - Cybersecurity in Health Care T2 - The Ethics of Cybersecurity N2 - Ethical questions have always been crucial in health care; the rapid dissemination of ICT makes some of those questions even more pressing and also raises new ones. One of these new questions is cybersecurity in relation to ethics in health care. In order to more closely examine this issue, this chapter introduces Beauchamp and Childress’ four principles of biomedical ethics as well as additional ethical values and technical aims of relevance for health care. Based on this, two case studies—implantable medical devices and electronic Health Card—are presented, which illustrate potential conflicts between ethical values and technical aims as well as between ethical values themselves. It becomes apparent that these conflicts cannot be eliminated in general but must be reconsidered on a case-by-case basis. An ethical debate on cybersecurity regarding the design and implementation of new (digital) technologies in health care is essential. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.springer.com/de/book/9783030290528 SN - 978-3-030-29053-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29053-5_7 VL - 21 SP - 139 EP - 156 PB - Springer Nature CY - Cham, Switzerland ER -