TY - JOUR A1 - Brosig, Christoph A1 - Gräubig, Dix M. A1 - Strahringer, Susanne A1 - Westner, Markus T1 - Prerequisites and Causal Recipes for Manufacturers’ IT-Enabled Service Innovation Success JF - Communications of the Association for Information Systems N2 - For manufacturing firms, success in innovating IT-enabled services is a critical antecedent to benefit from digital servitization of their business models. Digital servitization literature has explored mechanisms for success in innovating IT-enabled services, indicating that the phenomenon is multifaceted and needs to be explained from multiple theoretical perspectives. We derive a conceptual model for success in innovating IT-enabled services covering its multifaceted nature by referring to knowledge-based and organizational control theory. We test this model using qualitative cases of IT-enabled service innovation initiatives in manufacturing firms and use set-theoretic analyses to account for the multifaceted nature of the phenomenon. The necessary condition analysis yields that a certain degree of service innovation capabilities is a prerequisite for success. With the results of a qualitative comparative analysis, we obtain five solution terms as causal recipes for success in innovating IT-enabled services. Our results contribute to research by offering a theory-based approach that explains the multiplicity of success in IT-enabled service innovation. Practitioners benefit from our results by understanding prerequisites and causal recipes for success while learning from unsuccessful initiatives in innovating IT-enabled services of manufacturing firms. Our study is also an example of how to rigorously calibrate qualitative data using a structured approach. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17705/1CAIS.05509 SN - 1529-3181 VL - 55 SP - 205 EP - 256 PB - Association for Information Systems, AIS ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Legler, Katharina A1 - Jajja, Muhammad Sheheryar A1 - Volbert, Klaus T1 - Analysis and Design of Smart Components in Digital Energy Twins T2 - Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Internet of Things, Big Data and Security., Porto, Portugal April 6-8, 2025 N2 - The energy crisis, energy demand growth, and dependence on fossil fuels worldwide have made urgent action necessary for us to seek sustainability in energy production and use. Digital technologies, especially Digital Energy Twins, have immense potential to reduce energy consumption, thereby reducing environmental impacts, particularly in the building sector. This paper presents the development of a digital energy twin that supports sustainable energy consumption analysis and optimization. Our study begins with a comprehensive analysis of the energy consumption data, the weather data, and the building plans as a solid basis for the analysis. We identify key energy consumption trends and patterns across different timescales and device-specific details that could be optimized, such as base load consumption and device-specific inefficiencies. A key part of our work is forecasting energy consumption using time series models, such as the ARIMA model, which promises to be useful in identify ing patterns for improving energy efficiency. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into energy optimization and could form the base for further advances in digital energy twins at OTH Regensburg, helping to contribute to its sustainable development goals and smart campus initiatives. KW - Data Visualization KW - Digital Twins KW - Internet of Things KW - Machine Learning Models Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-989-758-750-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5220/0013289900003944 SP - 263 EP - 272 PB - SciTePress - Science and Technology Publications CY - Setúbal, Portugal ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schildgen, Johannes A1 - Heinz, Florian T1 - A Showcase of LLMs in Action: SQL Generation from Natural Language (Demo Paper) T2 - Datenbanksysteme für Business, Technologie und Web - Workshopband (BTW 2025) N2 - Today, large language models are a very efficient tool for human-computer interaction using natural language. Chatbots like ChatGPT and their corresponding APIs can be used to solve a large variety of tasks that are provided in human-comprehensible sentences, for example generating SQL queries. Executing spoken SQL queries in a database system poses a challenge, because the various syntactical details of SQL are usually not provided verbally. Here, the LLM can help to augment the recognized raw query with the syntax elements needed for successful execution. Furthermore, the correct spelling of table and column names can be derived from the database schema provided in the LLM prompt. This work showcases four use cases in which LLMs assist in querying database systems: (1) A plugin for phpMyAdmin for voice-query input in natural language, (2) a chart generator, (3) an Alexa skill, and (4) a speech-controlled action game SQL Invaders. Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18420/BTW2025-47 N1 - Datenbanksysteme für Business, Technologie und Web - Workshopband (BTW 2025) SP - 819 EP - 825 PB - Gesellschaft für Informatik CY - Bonn ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Heinz, Florian A1 - Schildgen, Johannes T1 - SQLinked - A Hybrid Approach for Local and Database-Remote Program Execution T2 - Datenbanksysteme für Business, Technologie und Web - Workshopband (BTW 2025) N2 - When working with today's relational databases, there is usually a clear boundary between the database server and the application, that interfaces with the database system using the query language SQL. The concept of stored procedures allows to move complex parts of the business logic into the database server for various reasons, as, for instance, to reduce the latency of ELT processes that involve several database queries building on each other like distributing records into tables according to their attribute values. Creating and maintaining such stored procedures can be a challenging task, however. The idea pursued in this paper is to create a programming language, as well as a compilation and execution environment that allows the user to mark parts of the application code for being automatically compiled to and later be executed as a stored procedure in the database instead of the execution environment of the actual application. This blurs the border between database and application and provides a natural and maintenance-friendly way for offloading latency sensitive parts of the code to the database system. Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18420/BTW2025-128 SP - 257 EP - 263 PB - Gesellschaft für Informatik CY - Bonn ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Graf, Julian A1 - Neubauer, Katrin A1 - Fischer, Sebastian A1 - Hackenberg, Rudolf T1 - Architecture of an intelligent Intrusion Detection System for Smart Home T2 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom Workshops): 2020, Austin, Texas, USA N2 - Increasing cyber-attacks on Internet of Things (IoT) environments are a growing problem of digitized households worldwide. The purpose of this study is to investigate how an intelligent Intrusion Detection System (iIDS) can provide more security in IoT networks with a novel architecture, combining multiple classical and machine learning approaches. By combining classical security analysis methods and modern concepts of artificial intelligence, we increase the quality of attack detection and can therefore conduct dedicated attack suppression. The architectural image of the iIDS consists of different layers, which in parts achieve self-sufficient results. The results of the different modules are calculated by means of statement variables and evaluation techniques adapted for the individual module elements and subsequently combined by limit value considerations. The architecture image combines approaches for the analysis and processing of IoT network traffic and evaluates it to an aggregated score. From this result it can be determined whether the analyzed data indicates device misuse or attempted break-ins into the network. This study answers the questions whether a connection between classical and modern concepts for monitoring and analyzing IoT network traffic can be implemented meaningfully within a reliable architecture of an iIDS. KW - Internet of Things KW - artificial intelligence KW - smart Home KW - Intrusion KW - Detection System Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-1-7281-4716-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/PerComWorkshops48775.2020.9156168 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - IEEE ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hinterberger, Lukas A1 - Fischer, Sebastian A1 - Weber, Bernhard A1 - Neubauer, Katrin A1 - Hackenberg, Rudolf T1 - Extended Definition of the Proposed Open Standard for IoT Device IdentificAtion and RecoGnition (IoTAG) JF - International Journal on Advances in Internet Technology N2 - Internet of Things (IoT) devices are critical to operate and maintain, because of their number and high connectivity. A lot of security issues concern IoT devices and the networks they are integrated. To help getting an overview of an IoT network, the devices and the security, we propose a scoring system to get a good impression of IT security. This system generates single scores for each device, using features like encryption, update behavior, etc. Furthermore, a summarized score for the whole network is calculated, to show the status of the network security in an easy way for the administrator. To enable the scoring system, a precise list of the existing devices and their operating status is necessary. To achieve this, we present an open standard for the IoT Device IdentificAtion and RecoGnition (short IoTAG), which requires that devices report, e.g., their name, an unique ID, the firmware version and the supported encryption. The proposed standard is described in detail and an implementation guideline is given in this paper. Additionally, information about how to realize the serialization, the integrity and the communication with IoTAG. KW - Internet of Things KW - device identification KW - open standard KW - security rating KW - IoTAG Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.thinkmind.org/articles/inttech_v13_n34_2020_2.pdf VL - 13 IS - 3 & 4 SP - 110 EP - 121 PB - IARIA ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Neubauer, Katrin A1 - Fischer, Sebastian A1 - Hackenberg, Rudolf ED - Trinitis, Carsten ED - Pionteck, Thilo T1 - Work in Progress: Security Analysis for Safety-critical Systems BT - Smart Grid and IoT T2 - ARCS Workshop 2019; 32nd International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, May 2019, Copenhagen, Denmark, Workshop FORMUS³IC N2 - Internet of Thing (IoT) and Smart Grid (SG) are separate technologies. The digital transformation of the energy industry and the increasing digitalization in the private sector connect these technologies. Currently in Germany, the SG is under construction. In order to use future innovative services, SG and IoT must be combined. For this, we connect the SG Infrastructure with the IoT. A potential insecure device and network (IoT) should be able to transfer data to and from a critical infrastructure (SG). Open research question in this context are the security requirements architecture SG and IoT and the mechanism for authentication and authorisation in future application (SG and IoT). Due to the increasing networking of the systems (SG and IoT) new threats and attack vectors arise. The attacks to the architecture influence the target of authenticity, security and privacy. For the security analysis we focus on two communication points: the communication between the smart meter gateway, and the IoT device. In our example, a connected charging station with cloud services is connected with a SG infrastructure. To create a really smart service, the charging station needs a connection to the SG to get the current amount of renewable energy in the grid. With this two connections, new threats emerge. A security analysis over all the connections, including the vulnerability and the ability of an attacker, is developed in this paper. The analysis shows us challenges of the communication between IoT and SG. For this, we defined technical and organizational requirements for authentication and authorization. Current authentication and authorization mechanisms are no longer sufficient for the defined requirements. We present the Role-based trust model for Safety-critical Systems for these defined requirements. The new trust model is integrated into a role-based access control model. It defines data classes, which separate the sensitive and non-sensitive information. KW - smart grid KW - Internet of Things (IoT) KW - security analysis; KW - safety-critical infrastructure KW - trust model Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-8007-4957-7 SP - 101 EP - 106 PB - VDE Verlag GmbH CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmid, Florian A1 - Wild, Tobias A1 - Schneidewind, Jan A1 - Vogl, Tobias A1 - Schuhegger, Lukas A1 - Galka, Stefan T1 - Simulation Based Approach for Reconfiguration and Ramp up Scenario Analysis in Factory Planning T2 - Proceedings of the 2022 Winter Simulation Conference (WSG), 11-14 Dec. 2022, Singapore N2 - Structural changes in production entail a potential economic risk for manufacturing companies. It is necessary to identify a suitable strategy for the reconfiguration process and to continue to meet the demand during the change in the factory structure and ramp-up phase. A simulation offers the possibility to analyze different ramp-up scenarios for the factory structure and to select a suitable concept for the reconfiguration process. A discrete event simulation approach is presented that can be used to evaluate variants of structural changes and serves as a basis for deciding on a reconfiguration strategy. This approach is demonstrated using a specific production step of a plant producing hydrogen electrolyzers, the results and generalized conclusions are discussed. KW - Simulation KW - Production KW - Ramp up Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-6654-7661-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC57314.2022.10015310 SP - 2842 EP - 2852 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Görtz, Stefan A1 - Fischer, Sebastian A1 - Hackenberg, Rudolf T1 - Generation of Distributed Denial of Service Network Data with Phyton and Scapy T2 - CLOUD COMPUTING 2023 : The Fourteenth International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, June 26 - 30, 2023, Nice, France N2 - Distributed Denial of Service attacks are among the most common and widespread network attacks. Due to their nature, they are difficult to defend. Intrusion detection systems, based on machine learning, are a promising approach to counter this threat. But to train these systems, data sets with Distributed Denial of Service attacks are needed. An implemented Python program, which creates Denial of Services packets and simulates distributed sending by multithreading, is presented. Unlike synthetically generated data with the use of simulators, real network traffic is generated. This eliminates errors and offers a better basis of data, as machine learning algorithms need data that is as error-free as possible in order to learn efficiently. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.thinkmind.org/index.php?view=instance&instance=CLOUD+COMPUTING+2023 SN - 978-1-68558-044-5 SP - 8 EP - 14 PB - IARIA ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Röhrl, Simon A1 - Staufer, Susanne A1 - Nadimpalli, Vamsi Krishna A1 - Bugert, Flemming A1 - Bugert, Flemming A1 - Hauser, Florian A1 - Grabinger, Lisa A1 - Bittner, Dominik A1 - Ezer, Timur A1 - Mottok, Jürgen T1 - PYTHIA - AI SUGGESTED INDIVIDUAL LEARNING PATHS FOR EVERY STUDENT T2 - INTED2024 Proceedings: 18th International Technology, Education and Development Conference, Valencia, Spain. 4-6 March, 2024 N2 - During the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of digital course rooms, where teachers provide their learning materials, increased dramatically. While these platforms are crucial for providing teaching materials, they often fall short in addressing individual student needs. A system within an academic setting, capable of creating and presenting individual learning paths for each student, can solve these issues. These paths are composed of various learning elements - defined in our previous work as units of educational content with which a learner works. Currently, there is no suitable system that enables the integration of learning path generating algorithms into a digital course room. Therefore we present an application that enables this integration into the Moodle Learning Management System (LMS). More precisely, this paper presents a Moodle plugin together with its framework. It describes the mechanism for effectively collecting data from Moodle, which AI algorithms then use to generate personalized learning paths. Subsequently these paths are visualized with the help of the Moodle plugin. We started with a set of requirements and use cases for the interface connecting Moodle to the AI system, which were established with a group of experts. Based on the requirements, various relevant technologies were assessed, and the best ones were chosen for implementation. Following that, the paper develops a strategy for software structuring as well as an architecture, focusing on performance, modularity, and ease of deployment for widespread use. Furthermore, the architecture ensures a simple method for integrating the algorithms. Afterwards, the framework's concrete implementation is described. A technique for enriching learning elements with metadata is presented, and additionally a concept for presenting these learning elements within a hierarchy. Moreover, it is shown how questionnaire responses and learning analytics are utilized for data collection. We cover in detail techniques for extracting and storing data from the Moodle database, as well as methods for customizing Moodle course rooms and a standard API for incorporating AI algorithms. Finally, the paper discusses the application of the proposed framework in an actual course and how student feedback is collected, which could enhance the framework. It concludes with an assessment of the outcomes obtained and prospects for the framework's future advancements. KW - Personalized Learning Paths KW - Learning Management System KW - Software Architecture KW - Moodle KW - Artificial Intelligence Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-84-09-59215-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2024.0783 SN - 2340-1079 SP - 2871 EP - 2880 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vogl, Peter A1 - Weber, Sergei A1 - Graf, Julian A1 - Neubauer, Katrin A1 - Hackenberg, Rudolf T1 - Design and Implementation of an Intelligent and Model-based Intrusion Detection System for Iot Networks T2 - Cloud Computing 2022: The Thirteenth International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, Special Track FAST-CSP, Barcelona, Spain, 24.-28.04.2022 N2 - The ongoing digitization and digitalization entails the increasing risk of privacy breaches through cyber attacks. Internet of Things (IoT) environments often contain devices monitoring sensitive data such as vital signs, movement or surveil-lance data. Unfortunately, many of these devices provide limited security features. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how artificial intelligence and static analysis can be implemented in practice-oriented intelligent Intrusion Detection Systems to monitor IoT networks. In addition, the question of how static and dynamic methods can be developed and combined to improve net-work attack detection is discussed. The implementation concept is based on a layer-based architecture with a modular deployment of classical security analysis and modern artificial intelligent methods. To extract important features from the IoT network data a time-based approach has been developed. Combined with network metadata these features enhance the performance of the artificial intelligence driven anomaly detection and attack classification. The paper demonstrates that artificial intelligence and static analysis methods can be combined in an intelligent Intrusion Detection System to improve the security of IoT environments. KW - Intrusion Detection KW - Artificial Intelligence KW - Machine Learning KW - Network Security KW - Internet of Things Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.thinkmind.org/index.php?view=article&articleid=cloud_computing_2022_1_20_28003 SN - 978-1-61208-948-5 SP - 7 EP - 12 PB - IARIA CY - [Wilmington, DE, USA] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hinterberger, Lukas A1 - Weber, Bernhard A1 - Fischer, Sebastian A1 - Neubauer, Katrin A1 - Hackenberg, Rudolf T1 - IoT Device IdentificAtion and RecoGnition (IoTAG) T2 - CLOUD COMPUTING 2020, The Eleventh International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs and Virtualization N2 - To ensure the secure operation of IoT devices in the future, they must be continuously monitored. This starts with an inventory of the devices, checking for a current software version and extends to the encryption algorithms and active services used. Based on this information, a security analysis and rating of the whole network is possible. To solve this challenge in the growing network environments, we present a proposal for a standard. With the IoT Device IdentificAtion and RecoGnition (IoTAG), each IoT device reports its current status to a central location as required and provides information on security. This information includes a unique ID, the exact device name, the current software version, active services, cryptographic methods used, etc. The information is signed to make misuse more difficult and to ensure that the device can always be uniquely identified. In this paper, we introduce IoTAG in detail and describe the necessary requirements. KW - Internet of Things KW - device identification KW - IoTAG KW - security rating Y1 - 2020 UR - https://thinkmind.org/articles/cloud_computing_2020_2_10_28002.pdf SN - 978-1-61208-778-8 SP - 17 EP - 23 PB - IARIA ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Galka, Stefan A1 - Schuhegger, Lukas ED - Feng, B. ED - Pedrielli, G. ED - Peng, Y. ED - Shashaani, S. ED - Song, E. ED - Corlu, C.G. ED - Lee, L.H. ED - Chew, E.P. ED - Roeder, T. ED - Lendermann, P. T1 - Integration of Discrete-event Simulation in the Planning of a Hydrogen Electrolyzer Production Facility T2 - Proceedings of the 2022 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), 11-14 Dec. 2022, Singapore N2 - In the context of production and factory planning, the expansion of the factory must already be taken into account during initial planning. This results in an increase in planning complexity, as the involved planners have to know the expansion stages of the factory in the different time periods and have to evaluate concept modifications across all time periods. This paper presents an idea for a planning tool, which takes expansion stages into consideration. The data model contains all relevant information to generate a simulation model of the factory in an almost automated way. The aim is to enable factory planners to quickly investigate concept changes with the help of simulation, for example, to identify bottlenecks. KW - Simulation KW - Production KW - Digital Twin Y1 - 2022 UR - https://informs-sim.org/wsc22papers/pos114.pdf PB - IEEE CY - Singapore ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weber, Bernhard A1 - Hinterberger, Lukas A1 - Fischer, Sebastian A1 - Hackenberg, Rudolf ED - Duncan, Bob ED - Lee, Yong Woo ED - Popescu, Manuela T1 - How to Prevent Misuse of IoTAG? T2 - Cloud Computing 2021: the Twelfth International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization: April 18-22, 2021, Porto, Portugal N2 - Since IoT devices are potentially insecure and offer great attack potential, in our past research we presented IoTAG, a solution where devices communicate security-related information about themselves. However, since this information can also be exploited by attackers, we present in this paper a solution against the misuse of IoTAG. In doing so, we address the two biggest problems: authentication and pairing with a trusted device. This is solved by introducing a pairing process, which uses the simultaneous authentication of equals algorithm to securely exchange and verify each others signature, and by using the server and client authentication provided by HTTP over TLS. We provide the minimum requirements and evaluate the methods used. The emphasis is on known and already proven methods. Additionally, we analyze the potential consequences of an attacker tapping the IoTAG information. Finally, we conclude that the solution successfully prevents access to IoTAG by unauthorized clients on the same network. KW - Internet of Things KW - IoTAG KW - device pairing KW - device authentication KW - trusted connection Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.thinkmind.org/articles/cloud_computing_2021_1_40_28006.pdf SN - 978-1-61208-845-7 SN - 2308-4294 PB - IARIA CY - Wilmington, DE, USA ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Staufer, Susanne A1 - Hauser, Florian A1 - Grabinger, Lisa A1 - Bittner, Dominik A1 - Nadimpalli, Vamsi Krishna A1 - Bugert, Flemming A1 - Ezer, Timur A1 - Röhrl, Simon A1 - Mottok, Jürgen T1 - Learning elements in LMS - a survey among students T2 - INTED2024 Proceedings: 18th International Technology, Education and Development Conference, Valencia, Spain. 4-6 March, 2024 N2 - In higher education, improving learning and learning success are goals of general improvement. Lecturers teaches content and students acquire that content in an efficient way. To structure content, learning element categories are evaluated from the student's point of view in higher education area. The aim is to validate given definitions of ten learning element categories within a Learning Management System (LMS). This paper evaluates a categorization of learning elements for organizing learning content in online education within LMSs. Therefore, ten categories of learning elements and corresponding definitions were defined in a previous work as base for this paper. The learning elements to examine are manuscript, exercise, quiz, brief overview, learning goal, summary, collaboration tool, auditory additional material, textual additional material, and visual additional material. To validate the definitions and to get improvements to each learning element a survey is processed. Beside the demographic data questions, the survey consists of two questions to the acceptance of the definitions and asks for improvements. 148 students between the ages 19 and 35 participate in the survey in summer term 2023. The education level of the participants ranges from undergraduates to Ph.D. students. The results of this paper are that more than 80% accept the given definitions. Some definitions of the learning elements are changed, but the changes are restricted to additions of maximal four words. This categorization of learning elements could lead to improvements in learning by giving the content more structure. With the structure students get the possibility to learn with preferred learning elements which could lead to more success in learning and to a decreasing dropout rate in universities. In the future, the learning elements allow to classify content within LMSs with the goal of generating individual learning paths. Furthermore, our project will integrate these learning elements, use them to generate learning paths, and could set a new standard in the way of personalized learning. KW - Learning elements KW - learning management system KW - learning objects KW - questionnaire KW - higher education area KW - content organization Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-71135 SN - 978-84-09-59215-9 SN - 2340-1079 SP - 4224 EP - 4231 PB - IATED ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wild, Tobias A1 - Galka, Stefan A1 - Wappler, Mona A1 - Xing, Lu ED - Potter, A. ED - Pawar, K. S. ED - O’Reilly, S. ED - Jimo, A. T1 - Integrating supply chain aspects into factory planning, a simulation approach T2 - The journey to sustainable supply chains: proceedings of the 26th International Symposium on Logistics (ISL 2022), 10-13th July 2022, Cork, Ireland N2 - One major goal of green-field factory planning is to decide on space requirements in the plant. In this phase, detailed information about the supply chain network (e.g. which suppliers deliver which parts) is often unavailable. Nevertheless, typical decisions in supply chain management, like the definition of replenishment processes and quantities or make-or-buy decisions, impact space requirements in the factory and should therefore be considered in the factory planning. This research article proposes a simulation approach for a factory simulation in which raw material replenishment is integrated to evaluate the space requirements for raw materials. KW - factory planning KW - supply chain management KW - replenishment strategies KW - space requirements KW - discrete event simulation Y1 - 2022 UR - https://isl21.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/ISL_2022_Proceedings.pdf SN - 978-0-85358-350-9 PB - Nottingham University Business School, UK CY - Nottingham, UK ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stadler, Sebastian A1 - Cornet, Henriette A1 - Mazeas, Damien A1 - Chardonnet, Jean-Remy A1 - Frenkler, Fritz T1 - IMPRO: IMMERSIVE PROTOTYPING IN VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL DESIGNERS T2 - Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference 2020 N2 - Computer-Aided Design (CAD) constitutes an important tool for industrial designers. Similarly, Virtual Reality (VR) has the capability to revolutionize how designers work with its increased sense of scale and perspective. However, existing VR CAD applications are limited in terms of functionality and intuitive control. Based on a comparison of VR CAD applications, ImPro, a new application for immersive prototyping for industrial designers was developed. The user evaluations and comparisons show that ImPro offers increased usability, functionality, and suitability for industrial designers. KW - immersive prototyping KW - industrial design KW - virtual reality (VR) KW - human-computer interaction KW - computer-aided design (CAD) Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/dsd.2020.81 SP - 1375 EP - 1384 PB - Cambridge University Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Galka, Stefan T1 - Untersuchung von Auftragsfreigabestrategien für mehrzonige Kommissioniersysteme im Online-Lebensmittelhandel T2 - ASIM SST 2022 Proceedings Langbeiträge, 26. ASIM Symposium Simulationstechnik: 25.07.-27.07.2022, TU Wien N2 - This paper briefly presents the challenges for order control and release of multi-zone order picking systems. On the one hand, the order control must ensure that all orders are processed on time, and on the other hand, the space requirements (buffer) and the utilisation of the zones must be considered. Within the framework of a case study, different strategies for order release were developed. The paper shortly describes the ideas of the strategies and presents results of a case-based simulative evaluation of the strategies. The findings of the simulation study are the basis for the development of a digital twin for the operational control of multi-zone picking systems. KW - Simulation KW - Kommissionierung KW - Simulation KW - Logistik KW - Planung Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-901608-97-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.11128/arep.20.a2021 VL - 2022 SP - 23 EP - 30 PB - ARGESIM Verlag CY - Wien ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Grabinger, Lisa A1 - Ezer, Timur A1 - Hauser, Florian A1 - Mottok, Jürgen T1 - The impact of eyenalyzer T2 - ICERI2024 Proceedings: 17th Annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation, 11th-13th November 2024, Seville, Spain N2 - Empirical research poses numerous challenges for beginners. This is especially true for data analysis – a task that usually requires knowledge from two distinct areas: statistics and programming. To support prospective researchers with that task, we developed a web-based tool called eyenalyzer. It supports common activities in the data analysis phase of empirical studies in a way that is suitable for novices in both, statistics and programming. The present article describes a controlled experiment investigating the impact of this tool with a total of 20 participants. All of them are given a set of common data analysis tasks. Half of the participants complete the tasks using eyenalyzer, the other half can use anything except for eyenalyzer. For each task and participant, we record the time in minutes, the task score, and the perceived difficulty. The results confirm that our tool is a valuable support for novice researchers: With eyenalyzer, the participants are significantly faster, achieve higher scores, and perceive the tasks to be less difficult. KW - tool evaluation KW - data analysis KW - eye tracking KW - empirical research Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-78215 SN - 978-84-09-63010-3 SN - 2340-1095 SP - 695 EP - 701 PB - IATED ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Schultz, Maximilian A1 - Hauer, Franziska A1 - Haug, Sonja A1 - Weber, Karsten T1 - KINiro, Künstliche Intelligenz für Nichtregierungsorganisationen - Bedarf, Akzeptanz und Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten. 4. Arbeitspapier: Künstliche Intelligenz in Nichtregierungsorganisationen: In-depth-Interviews N2 - Vor dem Hintergrund der wachsenden Bedeutung Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in unterschiedlichen gesellschaftlichen Kontexten untersucht dieses Arbeitspapier aus dem Projekt KINiro den Einsatz, die Bedarfe sowie die Akzeptanz von KI in Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NROs). Im Rahmen des Projekts „KINiro – Bedarf, Akzeptanz und Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten“ wurden zehn vertiefende Expert*innen-Interviews mit Vertreter*innen verschiedener NROs geführt. Ziel war es, ein differenziertes und vertiefendes Verständnis von Wissen, benötigten und vorhandenen Ressourcen, organisatorischen Strukturen, Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten und das Erheben von Akzeptanz und die Gründe für Nicht-Akzeptanz zu erheben. Das Arbeitspapier ist das vierte in dem Projekt und baut auf den Erkenntnissen des Scoping Reviews, der ersten qualitativen Studie und der großen quantitativen Studie auf. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Interesse an KI in NROs stark zugenommen hat, insbesondere nach der breiten Verfügbarkeit von KI-Anwendungen wie ChatGPT. Die befragten Organisationen experimentieren aktuell mit KI vorwiegend in den Bereichen Textproduktion, Datenanalyse, Wissensmanagement und Prozessoptimierung. Es werden auch spezielle KI-Anwendungen für die Bedarfe der NROs entwickelt und eingesetzt. Zugleich bestehen jedoch große Herausforderungen, insbesondere begrenzte finanzielle und personelle Ressourcen, fehlendes Know-how und der Mangel an Digitalisierung. Datenschutz und ethische Fragestellungen sowie mögliche Verzerrungen (Bias) sind zentrale Bedenken. Dennoch lassen sich erste erfolgreiche Umsetzungsstrategien erkennen, etwa die Bildung interner Arbeitsgruppen, die Unterstützung durch Führungskräfte, auch gezielte Schulungen sowie die Entwicklung von Leitlinien werden positiv bewertet. Diese Ansätze tragen dazu bei, Vorbehalte abzubauen und Akzeptanz zu fördern. Das Arbeitspapier zeigt damit, wie die vorherigen Arbeitspapiere, dass KI im gemeinwohlorientierten Sektor grundsätzlich auf Offenheit trifft, zugleich aber ein breites Spektrum an Voraussetzungen wie Ressourcen, Know-how, rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen und nutzbare Anwendungen benötigt werden, um das volle Potenzial von KI verantwortungsvoll auszunutzen. KW - Künstliche Intelligenz KW - KI KW - Nichtregierungsorganisationen KW - Qualitative Befragung KW - NGO Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-79471 CY - Regensburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Neubauer, Katrin A1 - Fischer, Sebastian A1 - Hackenberg, Rudolf T1 - Risk Analysis of the Cloud Infrastructure of Smart Grid and Internet of Things T2 - The Tenth International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, (CLOUD COMPUTING 2019), 10th Mai 2019, Venice, Italy N2 - Cloud Computing (CC), Internet of Thing (IoT) and Smart Grid (SG) are separate technologies. The digital transformation of the energy industry and the increasing digitalization in the private sector connect these technologies. At the moment, CC is used as a service provider for IoT. Currently in Germany, the SG is under construction and a cloud connection to the infrastructure has not been implemented yet. To build the SG cloud, the new laws for privacy must be implemented and therefore it’s important to know which data can be stored and distributed over a cloud. In order to be able to use future innovative services, SG and IoT must be combined. For this, in the next step we connect the SG infrastructure with the IoT. A potential insecure device and network (IoT) should be able to transfer data to and from a critical infrastructure (SG). In detail, we focus on two different connections: the communication between the smart meter switching box and the IoT device and the data transferred between the IoT and SG cloud. In our example, a connected charging station with cloud services is connected with a SG infrastructure. To create a really smart service, the charging station needs a connection to the SG to get the current amount of renewable energy in the grid. Private data, such as name, address and payment details, should not be transferred to the IoT cloud. With these two connections, new threads emerge. In this case, availability, confidentiality and integrity must be ensured. A risk analysis over all the cloud connections, including the vulnerability and the ability of an attacker and the resulting risk are developed in this paper. KW - Smart Grid KW - Internet of Things KW - security analysis KW - cloud computing KW - safety-critical infrastructure Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.thinkmind.org/articles/cloud_computing_2019_6_20_28013.pdf SN - 978-1-61208-703-0 SN - 2308-4294 SP - 82 EP - 87 PB - IARIA ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fischer, Sebastian A1 - Neubauer, Katrin A1 - Hackenberg, Rudolf T1 - A Study about the Different Categories of IoT in Scientific Publications T2 - CLOUD COMPUTING 2020: the Eleventh International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs and Virtualization, October 25-29, 2020, Nizza N2 - The Internet of Things (IoT) is widely used as a synonym for nearly every connected device. This makes it really difficult to find the right kind of scientific publication for the intended category of IoT. Conferences and other events for IoT are confusing about the target group (consumer, enterprise, industrial, etc.) and standardisation organisations suffer from the same problem. To demonstrate these problems, this paper shows the results of an analyses over IoT publications in different research libraries. The number of results for IoT, consumer, enterprise and industrial search queries were evaluated and a manual study about 100 publications was done. According to the research library or search engine, different results about the distribution of consumer-, enterprise- and industrial- IoT are visible. The comparison with the results of the manual evaluation shows that some search queries do not show all desired publications or that considerably more, unwanted results are returned. Most researchers do not use the keywords right and the exact category of IoT can only be accessed via the abstract. This shows major problems with the use of the term IoT and its minor limitations. KW - Internet of Things KW - IoT KW - publications KW - consumer KW - industrial KW - enterprise KW - categorization Y1 - 2020 UR - https://thinkmind.org/articles/cloud_computing_2020_2_20_28004.pdf SN - 978-1-61208-778-8 SP - 24 EP - 30 PB - IARIA ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Haimerl, Simon A1 - Tschernitz, Christoph A1 - Schiller, Tobias A1 - Weig, Christoph A1 - Briem, Ulrich A1 - Galka, Stefan T1 - Development of a Simulation Framework for Urban Ropeway Systems and Analysis of the Planned Ropeway Network in Regensburg, Germany T2 - Proceedings of the 2022 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), 11-14 Dec. 2022, Singapore N2 - To evaluate the performance of a ropeway in an urban environment, simulations of the dynamic passenger transport characteristics are required. Therefore, a modular simulation model for urban ropeway networks was developed, which can be flexibly adapted to any city and passenger volume. This simulation model was used to analyze the ropeway network concept of the German city Regensburg and to determine the expected operating conditions. The passenger volume, different types of persons, their occurrence probability and their destination distribution is depending on the location and daytime and can be defined for each individual station. In an initial analysis, the number of passengers currently occurring in bus traffic were projected onto the ropeway network. To enable climate-friendly and efficient operation, different strategies were developed to significantly reduce the number of gondolas. The best fitting strategies resulted in significant cost savings while passenger comfort, as represented by queue time, remained unchanged. KW - Simulation KW - urban mobility KW - ropeway Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-6654-7661-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC57314.2022.10015510 SP - 1413 EP - 1424 PB - IEEE ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Hauer, Franziska A1 - Haug, Sonja A1 - Schultz, Maximilian A1 - Scharf, Anna A1 - Weber, Karsten T1 - KINiro, Künstliche Intelligenz für Nichtregierungsorganisationen - Bedarf, Akzeptanz und Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten. 3. Arbeitspapier: Künstliche Intelligenz in Nichtregierungsorganisationen: Quantitative Erforschung der Umsetzung in deutschen NROs N2 - Hintergrund und Fragestellung Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) stellt ein wichtiges Thema der Digitalisierung dar und hat das Potenzial viele Arbeitsfelder grundlegend zu verändern. Mit dem Einsatz von KI wird die Hoffnung verbunden durch Automatisierung Zeit und Geld zu sparen. Dies könnte besonders interessant für Organisationen sein, die wenig Ressourcen zur Verfügung haben, da sie nicht gewinnorientiert oder ehrenamtlich arbeiten. Dazu zählen Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NRO), die einen wichtigen Bestandteil der Zivilgesellschaft darstellen. Aufgrund der komplexer werdenden Arbeit von NROs scheint KI Möglichkeiten zur Bewältigung aktueller und zukünftiger Herausforderungen zu bieten. Über den Einsatz von KI in NROs ist derzeit jedoch wenig bekannt. Methodik Es wurde eine quantitative Querschnittstudie deutscher Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NRO) zum Thema KI durchgeführt. Der Web-Survey baut auf den Erkenntnissen des Scoping Reviews und der qualitativen Interviews auf und vertieft den Einblick in die Bereiche aktuelle Nutzung von KI, Wissenstand in den Organisationen sowie vorhandene und noch benötigte Ressourcen. Dafür wurden 343 NROs verschiedener Größen und Handlungsfelder befragt und die Ergebnisse quantitativ analysiert. Ergebnisse Die meisten NROs sind der Anwendung von KI gegenüber positiv eingestellt und planen den Einsatz für die Zukunft oder testen ihn bereits. Dafür werden meist schnell umsetzbare, externe Anwendungen wie Schreibunterstützungen oder Textübersetzung für Bürotätigkeiten in den Arbeitsablauf eingebaut. Diese Nutzung beschränkt sich häufig auf erste Versuche und wird durch interessierte Einzelpersonen vorangetrieben. Für größere Umsetzung fehlen häufig Zeit, Geld und Wissen. Da die NROs selbst erwarten, dass die Nutzung von KI in den nächsten Jahren zunehmen wird, werden mehr Wissensaufbau und Austausch in den Organisationen notwendig. Schlussfolgerung Das Interesse an der Thematik scheint in der Zielgruppe vorhanden zu sein, wie die hohe Teilnahmebereitschaft nahelegt. Doch handelt es sich um ein eher neues Thema für die NROs, sodass der Einsatz noch getestet wird und feste Strukturen, welche die Anwendung systematisieren und regeln noch aufgebaut werden müssen. Um dies zu ermöglichen, sind mehr Wissen, Richtlinien und finanzielle Ressourcen notwendig. Die Umsetzung hat in den NROs jedoch wenig Priorität, da zunächst andere Hürden überwunden werden müssen. KW - Künstliche Intelligenz KW - KI KW - Nichtregierungsorganisation KW - NRO KW - qualitative Studie Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-73518 PB - OTH Regensburg CY - Regensburg ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Vetter, Miriam A1 - Haug, Sonja A1 - Dotter, Caroline A1 - Weber, Karsten T1 - EVEKT - Erhöhung der Verbraucherpartizipation an der Energiewende durch KI-Technologien und datenbasierte Mehrwertdienste. 4. Arbeitspapier: Akzeptanz und Nutzungsbereitschaft von Smart-Meter-Anwendungen und datenbasierten Mehrwertdiensten BT - Erste Auswertungen im Rahmen von EVEKT N2 - Um Leistungsschwankungen im Stromnetz durch fluktuierende erneuerbare Energien auszugleichen, sollen in Deutschland intelligente Messtechnologien in Privathaushalten verbaut werden. Diese gelten als zentraler Bestandteil sog. Smart-Grids (intelligente Stromnetze), die Stromnachfrage und -angebot steuern, um Stromnetzstabilität zu gewährleisten. Die Werte, die bei der Messung des Stromverbrauchs in Privathaushalten erhoben werden, können an die Verbraucher*innen mithilfe von Apps oder anderer Smart-Meter-Plattformen (datenbasierte Mehrwertdienste) rückgemeldet werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde eine Online-Befragung der Wohnbevölkerung in Deutschland (n=2.027) durchgeführt, deren Ergebnisse im Folgenden dargestellt werden. Abgefragt wurden Bekanntheit, Nutzungsbereitschaft und Akzeptanz intelligenter Stromzähler bzw. Smart-Meter sowie Anwendungsszenarien. Der Hälfte der Befragten ist der Begriff Smart-Meter bekannt, etwa ein Zehntel aller Befragten verfügt nach eigenen Angaben bereits über einen intelligenten Stromzähler oder einen Smart-Meter. Zudem bestehen bei einem hohen Anteil der Befragten Erwartungen bezüglich Nützlichkeit und Energiereduktion. Ein Nutzungsszenario mit Kostensparhinweisen wird häufiger gewünscht als eine Anzeige des Echt-zeitstromverbrauchs mit dem Energieverbrauch von einzelnen Haushaltsgeräten. Bei den Inhalten der Apps würden vor allem finanzielle und ideelle Anreize zum Energiesparen motivieren. Dem Datenschutz messen die Befragten höchste Bedeutung zu. Als Schlussfolgerung kann formuliert werden, dass intelligente Messtechnologien bis zu einem gewissen Grad schon bekannt, aber in Deutschland wenig verbreitet sind. Die Nutzungsmöglichkeiten für Strom- und Kostenreduktion werden bisher kaum ausgeschöpft. Bestehenden (Datenschutz-)Bedenken gegenüber der Technologie sollte mit intensiver Aufklärung und Information begegnet werden. KW - Smart-Meter KW - Stromverbrauch KW - Soziale Aspekte KW - Motivatoren KW - Akzeptanz Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-77421 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ezer, Timur A1 - Grabinger, Lisa A1 - Hauser, Florian A1 - Staufer, Susanne A1 - Mottok, Jürgen T1 - EYE TRACKING AS TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION: FURTHER INVESTIGATION OF DATA QUALITY AND IMPROVEMENTS T2 - INTED2024 Proceedings: 18th International Technology, Education and Development Conference, Valencia, Spain. 4-6 March, 2024 N2 - Eye tracking serves as a powerful tool across a variety of empirical research areas: From usability research over cognitive research to educational research and applications in classrooms. However, data noise in eye tracking data poses a challenge to researchers and educators, as it leads to gaze positions being measured imprecisely under unfavorable conditions. In our previous study, we systematically investigated factors that influence data quality and are easily controllable in a classroom or laboratory environment, such as illumination, sampling frequency, and head orientation. However, no recommendations regarding the light source and light orientation could be provided, as these influences could not be analyzed in sufficient detail. Yet, a further examination of these factors, eliminating human influences by using an artificial head, revealed significant differences between individual settings. Hence, in this empirical study of eye tracking as an educational technology, we delve deeper into examining the impact of both light source and light orientation on data quality. This is investigated with an artificial head together with the Tobii Pro Spectrum eye tracking device. To measure data quality, we use the metrics precision and standard deviation as indicators of data noise. The obtained results derive practical advice for educators and researchers, such as not to illuminate the subject from the rear, in order to gather useful data for research and future classroom applications. Thereby, this study serves as a complement to our previous research, answering open questions regarding best practices for researchers and educators when using eye trackers. It aims to provide valuable insights into producing data of the highest quality possible when using eye trackers, both in laboratory settings and in future classrooms applications. KW - Eye tracking KW - data quality KW - best practices KW - lighting conditions KW - standard deviation KW - precision Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-84-09-59215-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2024.0802 SN - 2340-1079 SP - 2955 EP - 2961 PB - IATED Academy ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Folger, Fabian A1 - Hachani, Murad A1 - Fuxen, Philipp A1 - Graf, Julian A1 - Fischer, Sebastian A1 - Hackenberg, Rudolf T1 - A Transformer-Based Framework for Anomaly Detection in Multivariate Time Series T2 - CLOUD COMPUTING 2025, The Sixteenth International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, April 06, 2025 to April 10, 2025, Valencia, Spain N2 - This paper introduces a comprehensive Transformer-based architecture for anomaly detection in multivariate time series. Using self-attention, the framework efficiently processes high-dimensional sensor data without extensive feature engineering, enabling early detection of unusual patterns to prevent critical system failures. In a subsequent laboratory setup, the framework will be applied using fuzzing techniques to induce anomalies in an Electronic Control Unit, while monitoring side channels, such as temperature, voltage, and Controller Area Network messages. The overall structure of the architecture, as well as the necessary preprocessing steps, such as temporal aggregation and classification up to the optimization of the hyperparameters of the model, are presented. The evaluation of the model architecture with the postulated restrictions shows that the model handles anomaly scenarios in the dataset robustly. It is necessary to evaluate the extent to which the model can be used in practical applications in areas, such as cloud environments or the industrial Internet of Things. Overall, the results highlight the potential of Transformer models for the automated and reliable monitoring of complex time series data for deviations. KW - Artificial Intelligence KW - Transformer KW - Time Series KW - Anomaly Detection KW - Temporal Aggregation KW - ECU Y1 - 2025 UR - https://www.thinkmind.org/library/CLOUD_COMPUTING/CLOUD_COMPUTING_2025/cloud_computing_2025_1_80_20078.html SN - 978-1-68558-258-6 SN - 2308-4294 SP - 52 EP - 57 PB - IARIA ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ezer, Timur A1 - Grabinger, Lisa A1 - Hauser, Florian A1 - Staufer, Susanne A1 - Mottok, Jürgen T1 - EYE TRACKING METRICS FOR DISTINGUISHING GLOBAL AND FOCAL GAZE PATTERNS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW T2 - INTED2024 Proceedings: 18th International Technology, Education and Development Conference, Valencia, Spain. 4-6 March, 2024 N2 - Global and focal eye tracking gaze patterns are distinguished in a variety of domains, such as radiology research, empirical software engineering, behavioral psychology, and cartography research. A global gaze pattern is present if a participant in an eye tracking study gains an overview of the stimulus, whereas a focal pattern emerges during a more detailed evaluation of a specific part of the stimulus. With this higher-level measure of global and focal gaze patterns, cognitive effort, expertise levels, and even neurological characteristics - such as autism - can be quantified. Furthermore, with this measure, cognitive efforts of students in certain tasks can be investigated and clues for targeted support can be provided. These properties in particular make this eye tracking measure valuable for the education domain. In the field of eye tracking research, many researchers have established distinct criteria for differentiating global and focal gaze patterns. Moreover, it is rarely quantitatively measured which of these patterns is present, but rather determined based on qualitative considerations. However, some studies explicitly use quantitative metrics like saccade-length or fixation-duration to distinguish between global and focal gaze patterns. This is the focus of the present systematic literature review: It searches for and compiles the eye tracking metrics used in the literature to distinguish global from focal gaze patterns in a quantitative way. In doing so, this study fills the yawning gap in quantitative metrics for determining global and focal gaze patterns. In the long run, this can be used to answer questions about cognitive load and problems in processing tasks during eye tracking studies and to provide further insights into the cognitive processes of students. The present paper first discusses definitions of global and focal gaze patterns and presents examples in which this metric has already been applied. Then, the research questions together with search strings and search engines used for the systematic literature review are described. Finally, the results are summarized, presenting a compilation of and connections between quantitative metrics utilized in the literature to distinguish between global and focal viewing patterns. KW - Eye tracking KW - cognitive load KW - expertise KW - global KW - focal KW - ambient KW - local KW - metrics Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-84-09-59215-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2024.0814 SN - 2340-1079 SP - 3005 EP - 3014 PB - IATED Academy ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Galka, Stefan A1 - Schmid, Florian ED - Schlund, Sebastian ED - Ansari, Fazel T1 - Initialization of Simulation-Based Digital Twins for Internal Transport Systems T2 - IFAC-PapersOnLine N2 - To support operational decisions using simulation-based digital twins, it is crucial to synchronize the simulation model quickly and accurately with the load state in the real system. This minimizes the typical transient behavior of material flow simulations to a short period of time. This paper presents a concept for initializing a simulation model using the example of a distribution center that uses SAP EWM as a warehouse management system. As part of a study, the influence of the presented initialization concept on the simulation models’ transient behavior is investigated. The simulation model used as a reference is in an ‘empty’ load state at the beginning of the simulation. The study results indicate that the proposed approach can significantly shorten the transient behavior. KW - Discrete event simulation KW - Digital Twins KW - Logistic KW - Modell Initialization Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.09.127 SN - 2405-8963 VL - 58 IS - 19 SP - 1084 EP - 1089 CY - Wien ER - TY - GEN ED - Fischer, Sebastian ED - Neumann, Christoph P. ED - Aßmuth, Andreas T1 - CLOUD COMPUTING 2025, The Sixteenth International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, April 06, 2025 to April 10, 2025, Valencia, Spain Y1 - 2025 UR - https://www.thinkmind.org/library/CLOUD_COMPUTING/CLOUD_COMPUTING_2025 SN - 978-1-68558-258-6 SN - 2308-4294 PB - IARIA ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Galka, Stefan A1 - Follath, Alexander A1 - Bross, Florian ED - Bauer, Wilhelm ED - Volk, Wolfram ED - Zäh, Michael T1 - Vorgehensmodell zur Erstellung Digitaler Zwillinge für Produktion und Logistik JF - Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb N2 - Der Digitale Zwilling (DZ) ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Industrie 4.0 und ermöglicht Anwendungen wie Predictive Maintenance, virtuelles Prototyping oder die Steuerung von Produktions- und Logistikprozessen. Herausforderungen bei der Entwicklung des Digitalen Zwillings entstehen durch fehlende Struktur und Standards. Mit diesem Beitrag soll ein Vorgehensmodell für die Erstellung eines Digitalen Zwillings im Bereich der Produktion und Logistik aufgezeigt werden. Das Vorgehensmodell hilft bei der Einordnung, für welche Anwendungsfälle ein Digitaler Zwilling entwickelt werden kann, welche Schritte bei einer Umsetzung erfolgen müssen, und gibt einen Überblick über die Voraussetzungen und Komplexität bei der Entwicklung. Das zentrale Element bildet dabei die zielgerichtete Aufbereitung und Analyse der zugrunde liegenden Daten mittels des in der Industrie etablierten Vorgehensmodell CRISP-DM. KW - Digitale Zwillinge KW - Simulation KW - Logistik KW - Produktion Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/zwf-2022-1127 VL - 117 IS - 11 SP - 691 EP - 696 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ezer, Timur A1 - Greiner, Matthias A1 - Grabinger, Lisa A1 - Hauser, Florian A1 - Mottok, Jürgen ED - Gómez Chova, Luis ED - González Martínez, Chelo ED - Lees, Joanna T1 - Eye tracking al technology in education; data quality analysis and improvements T2 - Proceedings of the 16th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI 2023), Seville, Spain, 11/13/2023 - 11/14/2023 N2 - Eye tracking has proven to be a powerful tool in a variety of empirical research areas; hence, it is steadily gaining attention. Driven by the expanding frontiers of Artificial Intelligence and its potential for data analysis, eye tracking technology offers promising applications in diverse fields, from usability research to cognitive research. The education sector in particular can benefit from the increased use of eye tracking technology - both indirectly, for example by studying the differences in gaze patterns between experts and novices to identify promising strategies, and directly by using the technology itself to teach in future classrooms. As with any empirical method, the results depend directly on the quality of the data collected. That raises the question of which parameters educators or researchers can influence to maximize the data quality of an eye tracker. This is the starting point of the present work: In an empirical study of eye tracking as an (educational) technology, we systematically examine factors that influence the data quality, such as illumination, sampling frequency, and head orientation - parameters that can be varied without much additional effort in everyday classroom or research use - using two human subjects, an artificial face, and the Tobii Pro Spectrum. We rely on metrics derived from the raw gaze data, such as accuracy or precision, to measure data quality. The obtained results derive practical advice for educators and researchers, such as using the lowest sampling frequency appropriate for a certain purpose. Thereby, this research fills a gap in the current understanding of eye tracker performance and, by offering best practices, enables researchers or teachers to produce data of the highest quality possible and therefore best results when using eye trackers in laboratories or future classrooms. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2023.1127 SP - 4500 EP - 4509 PB - IATED ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer, Sebastian T1 - A Security-, Privacy-and Usability-Scoring System for IoT Devices Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364284332_A_Security-_Privacy-and_Usability-Scoring_System_for_IoT_Devices UR - 978-1-61208-948-5 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hachani, Murad A1 - Stey, Miguel A1 - Fuxen, Philipp A1 - Graf, Julian A1 - Hackenberg, Rudolf T1 - GFDG: a genetic fuzzing method for the Controller Area Network Protocol T2 - Cloud Computing 2025 : The Sixteenth International Conference on Cloud Coud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization, 06.-10. April 2025, Valencia N2 - Ensuring the security of modern automotive systems is critical due to their increasing complexity and reliance on interconnected Electronic Control Units. The Controller Area Network still serves as a key communication protocol within these systems, making it a primary target for security testing. Traditional fuzz testing approaches for Controller Area Networks often rely on random or brute-force message generation, not leveraging the system’s feedback to improve the generation process. This paper introduces the Genetic Fuzz Data Generator, a fuzzing method that leverages Genetic Algorithms and side-channel analysis to enhance Controller Area Network security testing. The Genetic Fuzz Data Generator dynamically refines its fuzzing strategy by evaluating system responses through side-channel data, such as processing unit temperatures and power supply variations. By structuring Controller Area Network messages as genetic individuals and applying evolutionary principles—including selection, crossover, and mutation—the Genetic Fuzz Data Generator systematically identifies active Controller Area Network IDs and generates targeted fuzz messages. Experimental validation was conducted on a real automotive electronic control unit within a controlled laboratory setup. The first results demonstrated the approach’s effectiveness, revealing system anomalies, including a Denial of Service vulnerability that disrupted functions of the investigated Electronic Control Unit. The findings highlight the potential of feedback-driven fuzzing for improving the efficiency of black-box security testing in Controller Area Network-based systems. Future research could further optimize fitness functions or explore additional side-channel metrics. Y1 - 2025 UR - https://www.thinkmind.org/library/CLOUD_COMPUTING/CLOUD_COMPUTING_2025/cloud_computing_2025_1_60_28009.html SN - 978-1-68558-258-6 SN - 2308-4294 SP - 40 EP - 45 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Buchmann, Thomas A1 - Schwägerl, Felix A1 - Peinl, René T1 - To Model, to Prompt, or to Code? The Choice Is Yours: A Multi-Paradigmatic Approach to Software Development T2 - Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Software Technologies, 10-12.Juni 2025, Bilbao N2 - This paper considers three fundamental approaches to software development, namely manual coding, model-driven software engineering, and code generation by large language models. All of these approaches have their individual pros and cons, motivating the desire for an integrated approach. We present MoProCo, a technical solution to integrate the three approaches into a single tool chain, allowing the developer to split a software engineering task into modeling, prompting or coding sub-tasks. From a single input file consisting of static model structure, natural language prompts and/or source code fragments, Java source code is generated using a two-stage approach. A case study demonstrates that the MoProCo approach combines the desirable properties of the three development approaches by offering the appropriate level of abstraction, determinism, and dynamism for each specific software engineering sub-task. Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5220/0013557100003964 SP - 296 EP - 303 PB - SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications ER - TY - THES A1 - Höng, Simon T1 - Entwicklung eines digitalen Werkzeugs zur automatisierten Remodellierung von Bauwerken auf Grundlage von Bestandsplänen: Erzeugung von synthetischen Daten für KI-Lösungen N2 - In Anbetracht der hohen Zahl an zu ertüchtigenden Bauwerken in Deutschland bei gleichzeitig zunehmendem Fachkräftemangel in der Baubranche ist es wichtig, effiziente Planungs- und Bauprozesse zu schaffen. Digitale und automatisierte Arbeitsmethoden auf Basis von digitalen Bauwerksmodellen beginnen sich daher zu etablieren. Für viele Bestandsbauwerke werden diese Methoden aber nur zögerlich angewendet, da das als Grundlage benötigte digitale Bauwerksmodell erst aufwendig erstellt werden müsste. Moderne Techniken der künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) wie Machine- oder Deep Learning bewegen im Moment viele Forschungs- und Wirtschaftsbereiche. Ihr Einsatz kann auch in der Bauwirtschaft Lösungen für komplexe oder repetitive Aufgaben bieten. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Tool konzipiert und evaluiert, welches in der Lage ist, mithilfe von KI-Techniken aus Bestandsplänen dreidimensionale (3D) Bauwerksmodelle zu rekonstruieren. Bei der Konzeptionierung hat sich eine der großen Herausforderung beim Einsatz von Machine Learning herauskristallisiert. Um KI-Systeme überwacht trainieren zu können, werden sog. gelabelte Trainingsdaten benötigt. In diesem konkreten Fall Positionspläne, bei denen in einer maschinenlesbaren Form hinterlegt ist, welche Art von Bauteilen an welcher Stelle des Planes dargestellt sind. Damit kann eine KI lernen, selbstständig unbekannte Pläne zu analysieren und darin Bauteile zu klassifizieren. Diese Daten können entweder unter großem Aufwand manuell erstellt werden oder man greift auf synthetische Daten zurück. Synthetische Daten sind künstlich erschaffene Daten, die von ihrer Struktur und ihren Eigenschaften her echte Daten imitieren. Da dabei der Erzeugungsprozess gesteuert wird, lassen sich die benötigten Labels gleichzeitig miterzeugen. Auf diese Weise entsteht sog. Ground Truth Data, also Daten, bei denen man sich sicher sein kann, dass sie korrekt gelabelt sind. Für diese Arbeit wurde eine Datenpipeline umgesetzt, die in der Lage ist, synthetische Daten speziell für die Zwecke der Baubranche zu generieren. Mithilfe des Applications Programming Interface von Autodesk Revit wurde eine C#-Anwendung programmiert, die zufallsgesteuert Modelle erzeugt und anhand dieser Modelle realistische Pläne ableitet. Parallel dazu werden mithilfe der im Modell hinterlegten Bauteilinformationen die für die KI benötigten gelabelten Daten erzeugt. Erste Testläufe mit dem Objekterkennungsframework YOLOv5 waren vielversprechend. Der gewählte Ansatz hat sich somit als flexibel und skalierbar erwiesen, um damit KI-Systeme für bauspezifische Aufgaben - wie die Bauteilerkennung auf Plänen - zu trainieren. KW - AI KW - Machine Learning KW - BIM KW - Synthetic Data KW - KI Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-65218 ER - TY - THES A1 - Janes, Valentin T1 - Potenziale des Einsatzes von Künstlicher Intelligenz zur Rezeptentwicklung und Prognose der Eigenschaften von ZFSV N2 - “Methoden der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) werden im Bauwesen bereits vielfältig eingesetzt. In den meisten Fällen sind sie jedoch auf Spezial- oder Forschungsprojekte beschränkt. Die Analyse von geotechnischen Labordaten stellt dabei noch eine Ausnahme dar. Die Hauptgründe für den geringen Einsatz von KI-Anwendungen in der Geotechnik liegen nach Ansicht der Autoren neben dem eingeschränkten Zugang zu geeigneten Daten vor allem an Unsicherheiten im Umgang mit KI-Methoden, insbesondere der Nachvollziehbarkeit.”(René Sonnenberg und M Sc David Döring, 2023, S. 1) Aus diesem Grund wird in vorliegender Arbeit das Potenzial des Einsatzes von Künstlicher Intelligenz zur Rezeptentwicklung und Prognose der Eigenschaften von zeitweise fließfähigen, selbstverdichtenden Verfüllbaustoffen (ZFSV) untersucht. ZFSV werden hauptsächlich im Erd- und Tiefbau eingesetzt. Sie sind eine Mischung, welche in der Lage ist, ohne äußere Verdichtung unter dem Einfluss von Schwerkraft Hohlräume vollständig zu füllen. Dabei bietet der ZFSV logistische, ökonomische und ökologische Vorteile gegenüber konventionellen Verfüllmaterialien wie Sand. Aktuelle Forschungsprojekte an der HafenCity Universität (HCU) in Hamburg zeigen, dass ZFSV mit dem Einsatz von Recycling-Materialien noch nachhaltiger hergestellt werden kann (Weidlich, Banushi, Büschken u. a., 2022, S. 17). Das Ziel der Arbeit ist es, durch Verwendung digitaler Methoden, geotechnische Labordaten zu strukturieren und mittels KI auszuwerten. Die Auswertung mithilfe von Künstlicher Intelligenz erfolgt durch Programmierung einer Anwendung in Python. Mit der Auswertung will man Vorhersagen über die Rezeptur und Eigenschaften von ZFSV treffen. Dadurch ist es möglich, den ZFSV ressourcenschonender herzustellen, was gerade angesichts der aktuellen Thematik Nachhaltigkeit im Bausektor und dessen CO2-Bilanz positiv beitragen kann. KW - KI KW - Geotechnik KW - Datenbanken KW - Digitalisierung Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-77347 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wiederer, Jonas A1 - Höng, Simon A1 - Eder, Friedrich ED - Stührenberg, Jan ED - Al-Zuriqat, Thamer ED - Chillon Geck, Carlos T1 - Konzept zur KI-gestützten parametrischen Brückenmodellierung für ressourcen- und kostenoptimierte Bauwerksentwürfe T2 - Tagungsband 35. Forum Bauinformatik, 2024, Hamburg N2 - Brückenbauwerke stellen eine wesentliche Komponente einer soliden Infrastruktur dar. Wegen vernachlässigter Instandsetzungsmaßnahmen und sich verändernder Anforderungen sind für eine Vielzahl dieser Bauwerke in Deutschland Ersatzneubauten notwendig. Diese Arbeit adressiert die Herausforderungen der Ressourcenverschwendung durch wiederholten Arbeitsaufwand bei individuellen Brückenentwürfen für die angesprochenen Bauwerke. Es wird ein parametrisches Entwurfsmodells in Siemens NX entwickelt, um den Entwurfsprozess zu beschleunigen und eine einfache Anpassung an die entsprechenden Rahmenbedingungen zu ermöglichen. Zudem wird eine effektive Methode zur Anbindung an die Kostenermittlungssoftware RIB iTWO vorgestellt, die eine nachgelagerte Kostenkalkulation nach DIN 276 ermöglicht. Aufbauend darauf wird ein Optimierungsworkflow vorgestellt, welcher verschiedene Faktoren einbindet, um einen hochwertigen Bauwerksentwurf zu erzielen. Hierbei wird die Einbindung von Techniken aus dem Bereich der Künstlichen Intelligenz angestrebt. Die vorgestellte Methodik soll die Wirtschaftlichkeitsbewertung und Entscheidungsfindung für die Realisierung der Brückenentwürfe erleichtern und somit zu einer effizienteren Nutzung von Ressourcen im Brückenbau beitragen. KW - Building Information Modeling KW - Parametric Modeling KW - Artificial Intelligence KW - IFC KW - Industry Foundation Classes KW - Design Automation KW - BIM Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-77922 SP - 50 EP - 57 PB - Technische Universität Hamburg, Institut für Digitales und Autonomes Bauen CY - Hamburg ER - TY - THES A1 - Altweck, Ricardo T1 - Analysing Learning Behaviour in Moodle: A Heuristic and AI-Driven Approach BT - A Thesis N2 - In this thesis, a novel evaluation method to determine the duration of learning sessions and the completion of learning material is introduced. Screen recordings of students’ browser sessions are utilised to capture detailed, low-level learner activity in a blended learning environment.The accumulated recordings are analysed to define a continuous completion state for individual learning material, focusing on the exact time a student spends on the material and their activity during this period. The evaluation method is adapted to the type of material, such as PDF documents, quizzes, or video lectures. The results demonstrate the potential of this approach, based on analysis of two distinct time frames: an exam preparation period and a lecture period. Additionally, an AI-driven approach is outlined to further refine the chosen definition of learning material completion. KW - Learning Analytics KW - Student Engagement KW - Session Replays KW - LMS KW - Blended Learning Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-79210 CY - Regensburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Homann, Alexander A1 - Grabinger, Lisa A1 - Hauser, Florian A1 - Mottok, Jürgen T1 - An Eye Tracking Study on MISRA C Coding Guidelines T2 - ECSEE '23: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Software Engineering Education, Seeon/Germany, June 19 - 21, 2023 N2 - C is one of the most widely used programming languages - MISRA C is one of the most known sets of coding guidelines for C. This paper examines the usefulness and comprehensibility of the MISRA C:2012 guidelines in an eye tracking study. There, subjects encounter non-compliant code in four different code review settings: with no additional reference, with an actual MISRA C guideline, with a case-specific interpretation of a MISRA C guideline, and with a compliant version of the code. The data collected was analyzed not only in terms of the four presentation styles, but also by dividing the subjects into experience levels based on their semesters of study or years of work experience. Regarding the difference between actual and interpreted guidelines, we found that for interpreted guidelines the error detection rate is higher whereas the duration and frequency of visits to the guideline itself are mainly lower. This suggest that the actual guidelines are less useful and more difficult to understand. The former is contradicted by the subjects’ opinions: when surveyed, they rated the usefulness of the actual guidelines higher. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-1-4503-9956-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3593663.3593671 SP - 130 EP - 137 PB - ACM ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hoeng, Simon Konrad A1 - Eder, Friedrich A1 - Schmailzl, Marc A1 - Obergrießer, Mathias T1 - Exploring the Potential of BIM Models for Deriving Synthetic Training Data for Machine Learning Applications, Montreal T2 - Advances in Information Technology in Civil and Building Engineering, Proceedings of ICCCBE 2024, Volume 2, Simulation and Automation N2 - To increase the efficiency and quality of design and construction tasks, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) offers a way to automate both repetitive and complex tasks. Many of these ML models rely heavily on large amounts of suitable, machine-readable, and labeled training data. Therefore, a variety of conceivable use cases for ML in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry are difficult to implement due to a lack of freely and directly usable training data. The process of manually structuring and labeling existing data is time-consuming and needs in some cases skilled personnel to ensure the quality of the labeled data. Due to these factors, approaches for utilizing artificially generated data, referred to as synthetic data, are becoming more prevalent. Since Building Information Models contain a large amount of information, deriving training data from these models presents an obvious route for generation of this data. There are many ML applications whose implementation is inhibited due to a lack of training data, for which model-based synthetic data offer a possible solution approach. The Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard provides a powerful exchange format for models independently of their authoring software. Parametric and generative approaches to model creation enable the generation of numerous different building models within a short period of time and with low effort. This paper presents a workflow for automated derivation of synthetic training data from rule-based or parametrically generated models combined with existing IFC datasets as a multimodal data repository. The method is validated by testing automated synthetically labeled image data for a plan detection task, which is carried out with the Object Detection Framework YOLOv8. The suggested workflow has the potential to enhance data accessibility, thereby contributing to the implementation of ML applications in the AEC industry. KW - KI KW - BIM KW - Synthetic Data Y1 - 2025 SN - 9783031873638 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87364-5_5 SN - 2366-2557 SP - 54 EP - 63 PB - Springer Nature CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Eder, Friedrich A1 - Hoeng, Simon Konrad A1 - Schmailzl, Marc A1 - Linner, Thomas A1 - Obergrießer, Mathias T1 - Towards improving data interoperability for the reconstruction of existing buildings T2 - The 20th conference of the International Society for Computing in Civil and Building Engineering (ICCCBE 2024), August 25 to 28, 2024, Montreal N2 - Digital representations of buildings are the supporting structures of various use-cases in the emerging field of data-driven decision making. From large scale applications in the context of city planning to the detailed evaluation of critical infrastructure they enable specialists to observe problems, interpret relationships, test solutions virtually and apply them in the real world. This is only feasible if the individual underlying digital model meets the requirements imposed by the analysis at hand. In practice, especially models of existing buildings are not easy to come by as the information describing the existing structure is often scattered across multiple different data sources in various formats. Previous research efforts have outlined methodologies which leverage machine learning, computer vision and subsequent semantic enrichment in order to achieve the (re)construction of such building models. However, these methods are generally not integrated with each other, nor do they consider being able to interface with a shared repository of building related data. In this paper we present a methodology which focuses on establishing a common context for all building related data by utilizing the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) schema. In particular we focus on utilizing readily available geometric and semantic data originating from geographic information systems as a basis, subsequently referencing additional data sources in their corresponding context and finally outlining interfaces with downstream enrichment processes in both directions. Through incorporating contextualized (IFC) data into the early stages of the remodeling workflow, we outline an end-to-end process from the initial component-based data-acquisition to the as-built building information model. In establishing a standardized foundation for data exchange and collaboration it enables all stakeholders to work more seamlessly across different stages of the remodeling project. Y1 - 2024 N1 - Conference proceedings erscheinen voraussichtlich bei Springer Nature in der Reihe Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmailzl, Marc A1 - Saffert, Anne-Sophie A1 - Karamara, Merve A1 - Linner, Thomas A1 - Eder, Friedrich A1 - Hoeng, Simon Konrad A1 - Obergrießer, Mathias T1 - Enhancing Decision-Making for Human-Centered Construction Robotics: A Methodological Framework T2 - Proceedings of the 41st International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2024), 2024, Lille, France N2 - While the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry is increasingly aware of the rising demands for productivity and human-centered construction improvements, the holistic adoption of robotics as a fundamental strategy to address these challenges has not yet reached comprehensive fruition. This paper therefore introduces a methodological framework aiming to address the industry's pressing need for a systematic approach for assessing the feasibility of integrating robotics into human-centered construction processes. It aims to enhance decision-making regarding the degree of automation in human-centered construction processes, ranging from partial to full robotization or non-robotization. The framework is characterized by a more holistic end-to-end data-/workflow and therefore adopts a multifaceted approach, leveraging BIM-based planning methodologies and integrating new technologies [e.g., Motion Capturing (MoCap), work process simulation software incorporating Digital Human Models (DHM), self-developed conversion/interfacing software and more] that have not been widely used in the industry to date. Subsequently, the framework is evaluated in a real-life bricklaying construction process to ensure a more application-based approach. Overall, the framework advances current construction processes with a more inclusive and conscious technology infill to empower construction professionals with the workflow and corresponding tools necessary for the practical integration of robotics into human-centered construction processes. Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-0-6458322-1-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2024/0083 SP - 637 EP - 644 PB - IAARC ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kopper, Andreas A1 - Fürstenau, Daniel A1 - Zimmermann, Stephan A1 - Klotz, Stefan A1 - Rentrop, Christopher A1 - Rothe, Hannes A1 - Strahringer, Susanne A1 - Westner, Markus T1 - Shadow IT and Business-Managed IT: A Conceptual Framework and Empirical Illustration JF - International Journal of IT/Business Alignment and Governance (IJITBAG) N2 - Research on Shadow IT is facing a conceptual dilemma in cases where previously “covert” systems developed by business entities are integrated in the organizational IT management. These systems become visible, are thus not “in the shadows” anymore, and subsequently do not fit to existing definitions of Shadow IT. Practice shows that some information systems share characteristics of Shadow IT but are created openly in alignment with the IT organization. This paper proposes the term “Business-managed IT” to describe “overt” information systems developed or managed by business entities and distinguishes it from Shadow IT by illustrating case vignettes. Accordingly,our contribution is to suggest a concept and its delineation against other concepts. In this way, IS researchers interested in IT originated from or maintained by business entities can construct theories with a wider scope of application that are at the same time more specific to practical problems. In addition, the terminology allows to value potentially innovative developments by business entities more adequately. KW - Alignment KW - Business-managed IT KW - IT governance KW - Shadow IT KW - Unternehmen KW - Informationstechnik KW - Datensicherung KW - Organizational IT management Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4018/IJITBAG.2018070104 VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 53 EP - 71 PB - IGI Global ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Borg, Leise A1 - Frikel, Jürgen A1 - Jørgensen, Jakob Sauer A1 - Quinto, Eric Todd T1 - Analyzing Reconstruction Artifacts from Arbitrary Incomplete X-ray CT Data JF - SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences N2 - This article provides a mathematical analysis of singular (nonsmooth) artifacts added to reconstructions by filtered backprojection (FBP) type algorithms for X-ray computed tomography (CT) with arbitrary incomplete data. We prove that these singular artifacts arise from points at the boundary of the data set. Our results show that, depending on the geometry of this boundary, two types of artifacts can arise: object-dependent and object-independent artifacts. Object-dependent artifacts are generated by singularities of the object being scanned, and these artifacts can extend along lines. They generalize the streak artifacts observed in limited-angle tomography. Object-independent artifacts, on the other hand, are essentially independent of the object and take one of two forms: streaks on lines if the boundary of the data set is not smooth at a point and curved artifacts if the boundary is smooth locally. We prove that these streak and curve artifacts are the only singular artifacts that can occur for FBP in the continuous case. In addition to the geometric description of artifacts, the article provides characterizations of their strength in Sobolev scale in certain cases. The results of this article apply to the well-known incomplete data problems, including limited-angle and regionof-interest tomography, as well as to unconventional X-ray CT imaging setups that arise in new practical applications. Reconstructions from simulated and real data are analyzed to illustrate our theorems, including the reconstruction that motivated this work a synchrotron data set in which artifacts appear on lines that have no relation to the object. KW - DATA TOMOGRAPHY KW - Fourier integral operators KW - GENERALIZED RADON-TRANSFORM KW - IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION KW - incomplete data tomography KW - limited-angle tomography KW - METAL ARTIFACTS KW - microlocal analysis KW - PROJECTIONS KW - reconstruction artifact KW - region-of-interest tomography KW - SINGULARITIES KW - wavefront set KW - X-ray tomography Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1137/18M1166833 VL - 11 IS - 4 SP - 2786 EP - 2814 PB - SIAM PUBLICATIONS ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kopper, Andreas A1 - Klotz, Stefan A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Strahringer, Susanne T1 - Shadow IT and Business-managed IT BT - Practitioner Perceptions and Their Comparison to Literature JF - Journal of Information Technology Management (JITM) N2 - Two concepts describe the autonomous deployment of IT by business entities: Shadow IT and Business-managed IT. Shadow IT is deployed covertly, that is, software, hardware, or IT services created/procured or managed by business entities without alignment with the IT organization. In contrast, Business-managed IT describes the overt deployment of IT, that is, in alignment with the IT organization or in a split responsibility model. The purpose of this paper is to extend the conceptual understanding of Shadow IT and Business-managed IT, comparing the perceptions of 29 CIOs and senior IT managers with the results of a systematic literature review. By doing so, this paper presents a structured and comprehensive view of causing factors, outcomes, and governance of Shadow IT and Business-managed IT in practice. A comparison of academic literature and practitioner perceptions reveals the limitations and gaps of the current research and highlights avenues for future research. The authors find three category-spanning themes occurring as causing factors, outcomes, and—as part of governance measures—factors to improve the IT organization: (1) (Poor) business-IT alignment (2) (lack of) agility, and (3) (lack of) policies. This study is innovative with its comprehensive qualitative interview data that the authors compare to the existing literature. Therefore, the paper brings together theoretical and practical insights into Shadow IT and Businessmanaged IT, which should aid practitioners and scholars in decision making and future research. KW - Corporate Governance KW - Strategisches Management KW - Shadow IT KW - Business-managed IT KW - IT governance KW - Agility KW - Business-IT alignment KW - Informationsmanagement Y1 - 2019 UR - http://home.thejitm.org/XXX-4/contents.html SN - 1042-1319 VL - 30 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Käss, Sebastian A1 - Brosig, Christoph A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Strahringer, Susanne T1 - Short and sweet: multiple mini case studies as a form of rigorous case study research JF - Information Systems and e-Business Management N2 - Case study research is one of the most widely used research methods in Information Systems (IS). In recent years, an increasing number of publications have used case studies with few sources of evidence, such as single interviews per case. While there is much methodological guidance on rigorously conducting multiple case studies, it remains unclear how researchers can achieve an acceptable level of rigour for this emerging type of multiple case study with few sources of evidence, i.e., multiple mini case studies. In this context, we synthesise methodological guidance for multiple case study research from a cross-disciplinary perspective to develop an analytical framework. Furthermore, we calibrate this analytical framework to multiple mini case studies by reviewing previous IS publications that use multiple mini case studies to provide guidelines to conduct multiple mini case studies rigorously. We also offer a conceptual definition of multiple mini case studies, distinguish them from other research approaches, and position multiple mini case studies as a pragmatic and rigorous approach to research emerging and innovative phenomena in IS. KW - Case study research KW - Multiple mini case study KW - Short case study KW - Methodological guidance Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10257-024-00674-2 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klotz, Stefan A1 - Kopper, Andreas A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Strahringer, Susanne T1 - Von Schatten-IT zu Business-managed IT: Fachbereichs-IT gezielt gestalten JF - Wirtschaftsinformatik & Management N2 - Fachbereichs-IT, Schatten-IT, Business-managed IT. All diese Begriffe beschreiben IT, die neben den eigentlichen, regulären IT-Systemen oder -Prozessen in Unternehmen existieren und von Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern der Fachbereiche genutzt werden. Im Fall von„Schatten-IT“ handelt es sich um IT-Systeme und -Prozesse (IT-Instanzen), die sich ohne Kenntnis der IT-Verantwortlichen etabliert haben; im Fall von„Business-managed IT“ entstehen die IT-Systeme und -Prozesse in Kenntnis der bzw. in Abstimmung mit den IT-Verantwortlichen im Unternehmen.„Fachbereichs-IT“ subsumiert Schatten-IT und Business-managed IT. Welche Ursachen führen zu solchen IT-Instanzen, welche Potenziale und Risiken haben diese IT-Instanzen und wie lassen sie sich steuern? KW - Business-managed IT KW - Fachbereichs IT KW - IT Governance KW - Schatten IT KW - Shadow IT Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1365/s35764-022-00421-7 SN - 1867-5913 SN - 1867-5905 VL - 14 IS - 4 SP - 282 EP - 287 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Joblin, Mitchell A1 - Apel, Sven A1 - Hunsen, Claus A1 - Mauerer, Wolfgang T1 - Classifying Developers into Core and Peripheral: An Empirical Study on Count and Network Metrics T2 - 2017 IEEE/ACM 39th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), Buenos Aires, Argentina, 20-28 May 2017 N2 - Knowledge about the roles developers play in a software project is crucial to understanding the project's collaborative dynamics. In practice, developers are often classified according to the dichotomy of core and peripheral roles. Typically, count-based operationalizations, which rely on simple counts of individual developer activities (e.g., number of commits), are used for this purpose, but there is concern regarding their validity and ability to elicit meaningful insights. To shed light on this issue, we investigate whether count-based operationalizations of developer roles produce consistent results, and we validate them with respect to developers' perceptions by surveying 166 developers. Improving over the state of the art, we propose a relational perspective on developer roles, using fine-grained developer networks modeling the organizational structure, and by examining developer roles in terms of developers' positions and stability within the developer network. In a study of 10 substantial open-source projects, we found that the primary difference between the count-based and our proposed network-based core-peripheral operationalizations is that the network-based ones agree more with developer perception than count-based ones. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a relational perspective can reveal further meaningful insights, such as that core developers exhibit high positional stability, upper positions in the hierarchy, and high levels of coordination with other core developers, which confirms assumptions of previous work. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/icse.2017.23 SP - 164 EP - 174 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Jaritz, Sabine A1 - Marx, Susanne ED - Bernert, Christian ED - Scheuerer, Steffen ED - Wehnes, Harald T1 - Externe Begleitung für KI-Projekte in KMUs T2 - KI in der Projektwirtschaft 2: Eine neue Ära der Effizienz und Innovation N2 - Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der Rolle externer Unterstützungsangebote in der Umsetzung von Projekten zur Nutzung von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) im Mittelstand. Während Großunternehmen Mittel und Ressourcen haben, externe Beratungsleistungen einzukaufen, um sich bei KI-Themen unterstützen zu lassen, so haben kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMUs) diese Möglichkeit in der Regel nur eingeschränkt. Die Nachfrage nach Support, um für das KI-Zeitalter gerüstet zu sein, ist auch bei KMUs groß. Der Artikel bietet einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Anbietergruppen und ihre unterschiedlichen Angebotsformen für KMUs. Dazu werden im ersten Schritt diverse Angebotsformen, wie Wissensvermittlung mit Hilfe von Informationsmaterialien und Veranstaltungen, Erstgespräche, Potenzialanalysen, individuelle Beratung bei KI-Projekten und Vernetzung, auf Basis einer Desk-Research erfasst. Im zweiten Schritt wird sich dann auf individuelle Beratung von KMUs als spezifische Angebotsform fokussiert. Durch Tiefeninterviews mit KI-Beratern wird beleuchtet, welche Art von KI-Projekten von KMUs derzeit priorisiert werden und welche zentralen Aufgaben die externen Begleitungen dabei übernehmen. KW - Künstliche Intelligenz KW - Transformation KW - Projekte KW - Mittelstand Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-3-381-11141-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.24053/9783381111428 SP - 15 EP - 25 PB - UKV CY - Tübingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klotz, Stefan A1 - Kopper, Andreas A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Strahringer, Susanne T1 - Causing factors, outcomes, and governance of Shadow IT and business-managed IT BT - A systematic literature review JF - International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management N2 - Shadow IT and Business-managed IT describe the autonomous deployment/procurement or management of Information Technology (IT) instances, i.e., software, hardware, or IT services, by business entities. For Shadow IT, this happens covertly, i.e., without alignment with the IT organization; for Business-managed IT this happens overtly, i.e., in alignment with the IT organization or in a split responsibility model. We conduct a systematic literature review and structure the identified research themes in a framework of causing factors, outcomes, and governance. As causing factors, we identify enablers, motivators, and missing barriers. Outcomes can be benefits as well as risks/shortcomings of Shadow IT and Business-managed IT. Concerning governance, we distinguish two subcategories: general governance for Shadow IT and Business-managed IT and instance governance for overt Business-managed IT. Thus, a specific set of governance approaches exists for Business-managed IT that cannot be applied to Shadow IT due to its covert nature. Hence, we extend the existing conceptual understanding and allocate research themes to Shadow IT, Business-managed IT, or both concepts and particularly distinguish the governance of the two concepts. Besides, we find that governance themes have been the primary research focus since 2016, whereas older publications (until 2015) focused on causing factors. KW - Shadow IT KW - Business-managed IT KW - IT governance KW - literature review KW - outcomes KW - Betriebliches Informationssystem KW - Datensicherung KW - Literaturbericht Y1 - 2019 UR - http://www.sciencesphere.org/ijispm/archive/ijispm-070102.pdf U6 - https://doi.org/10.12821/ijispm070102 SN - 2182-7796 SN - 2182-7788 SN - 2182-780X VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 15 EP - 43 ER -