TY - JOUR A1 - Joblin, Mitchell A1 - Apel, Sven A1 - Mauerer, Wolfgang T1 - Evolutionary trends of developer coordination: a network approach JF - Empirical Software Engineering N2 - Software evolution is a fundamental process that transcends the realm of technical artifacts and permeates the entire organizational structure of a software project. By means of a longitudinal empirical study of 18 large open-source projects, we examine and discuss the evolutionary principles that govern the coordination of developers. By applying a network-analytic approach, we found that the implicit and self-organizing structure of developer coordination is ubiquitously described by non-random organizational principles that defy conventional software-engineering wisdom. In particular, we found that: (a) developers form scale-free networks, in which the majority of coordination requirements arise among an extremely small number of developers, (b) developers tend to accumulate coordination requirements with more and more developers over time, presumably limited by an upper bound, and (c) initially developers are hierarchically arranged, but over time, form a hybrid structure, in which core developers are hierarchically arranged and peripheral developers are not. Our results suggest that the organizational structure of large projects is constrained to evolve towards a state that balances the costs and benefits of developer coordination, and the mechanisms used to achieve this state depend on the project’s scale. KW - Developer coordination KW - Developer networks KW - Software evolution Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-016-9478-9 VL - 22 IS - 4 SP - 2050 EP - 2094 PB - Springer ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Jaritz, Sabine ED - Bernert, Christian ED - Scheurer, Steffen ED - Wehnes, Harald T1 - KI in der Projektmanagement-Lehre T2 - KI in der Projektwirtschaft: Was verändert sich durch KI im Projektmanagement? N2 - Der Artikel beschäftigt sich mit dem Einbezug von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in die Projektmanagement-Lehre an Hochschulen. Um zeitgemäße Projektmanagement-Lehre anbieten zu können, ist es förderlich, KI in die Lehre einzubeziehen, und so Studierende bei der Entwicklung von Future Skills zu unterstützen. Die Integration von KI in die Lehre wird anhand von vier Handlungsfeldern aufgezeigt. Im Sinne eines Call-to-Action wird ermutigt, KI-bezogene Lernziele explizit zu definieren und diese mit den Prüfungsleistungen und den Lehr-/Lernaktivitäten entsprechend des vorgestellten didaktischen Ansatzes des Constructive Alignment aufeinander abzustimmen. Es werden drei Good-Practice-Beispiele vorgestellt, die als Anregung dienen sollen. Der Beitrag plädiert für Experimente im Zusammenhang mit dem Einsatz von KI in der Lehre. Durch experimentelles Lernen können Studierende Kompetenzen im Umgang mit KI aufbauen und sich so auf eine künftige Arbeitswelt vorbereiten, die von Projektarbeit und KI-Unterstützung geprägt sein wird. KW - Künstliche Intelligenz KW - Lehre KW - Projektmanagement Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-3-381-11131-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.24053/9783381111329 SP - 201 EP - 210 PB - UKV CY - Tübingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Joblin, Mitchell A1 - Mauerer, Wolfgang T1 - An Interactive Survey Framework for Validation of Social Network Analysis JF - The R Journal N2 - Abstract Social network analysis is extremely well supported by the R community and is routinely used for studying the relationships between people engaged in collaborative activities. While there has been rapid development of new approaches and metrics in this field, the challenging question of validity (how well insights derived from social networks agree with reality) is often difficult to address. We propose the use of several R packages to generate interactive surveys that are specifically well suited for validating social network analyses. Using our web-based survey application, we were able to validate the results of applying community-detection algorithms to infer the organizational structure of software developers contributing to open-source projects. Y1 - 2016 UR - https://journal.r-project.org/archive/2016/RJ-2016-010/index.html VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 149 EP - 158 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ettl, Katrin A1 - Greiner, Nina A1 - Kudienko, Natalie A1 - Lauer, Norina A1 - Lichtenauer, Norbert A1 - Meussling-Sentpali, Annette A1 - Mohr, Christa A1 - Pfingsten, Andrea ED - Weber, Karsten ED - Haug, Sonja ED - Lauer, Norina ED - Meussling-Sentpali, Annette ED - Mohr, Christa ED - Pfingsten, Andrea ED - Raptis, Georgios ED - Bahr, Gudrun T1 - Forschungsdesign Pflege und Therapie im Projekt TePUS T2 - Digitale Technik für ambulante Pflege und Therapie: Herausforderungen, Lösungen, Anwendungen und Forschungsperspektiven N2 - Beim Projekt DeinHaus 4.0 Oberpfalz – TePUS (Telepräsenzroboter für die Pflege und Unterstützung von Schlaganfallpatientinnen und -patienten) handelt es sich um eine Längsschnittstudie im Mixed-Methods-Design zur Untersuchung telepräsenz und appgestützter Angebote aus den Bereichen Pflege, Logopädie und Physiotherapie. T3 - Schriftenreihe der OTH Regensburg - 1 KW - Pflege KW - Logopädie KW - Physiotherapie KW - Schlaganfall KW - Digitalisierung KW - Ambulante Pflege KW - Ambulante Therapie KW - Roboter Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-55448 SN - 978-3-83766235-1 SP - 59 EP - 78 PB - transcript CY - Bielefeld ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ettl, Katrin A1 - Lichtenauer, Norbert A1 - Mohr, Christa ED - Weber, Karsten ED - Haug, Sonja ED - Lauer, Norina ED - Meussling-Sentpali, Annette ED - Mohr, Christa ED - Pfingsten, Andrea ED - Raptis, Georgios ED - Bahr, Gudrun T1 - Telenursing bei Schlaganfall BT - Auswahl existierender Software und Apps aus pflegewissenschaftlicher Sicht für das Projekt DeinHaus 4.0 Oberpfalz T2 - Digitale Technik für ambulante Pflege und Therapie: Herausforderungen, Lösungen, Anwendungen und Forschungsperspektiven N2 - Schlaganfallbetroffene haben oft einen komplexen Unterstützungsbedarf. Der Artikel beschäftigt sich damit, welche Telenursing-Anwendungen für das Projekt DeinHaus 4.0 ausgewählt wurden, um Schlaganfallbetroffene dabei zu unterstützen selbstbestimmt zu Hause zu leben. T3 - Schriftenreihe der OTH Regensburg - 1 KW - Pflege KW - Digitalisierung KW - Telenursing KW - Schlaganfall KW - Apps KW - Roboter KW - ambulante Pflege Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-55458 SN - 978-3-8394-6235-5 SN - 978-3-83766235-1 SP - 79 EP - 95 PB - transcript CY - Bielefeld ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bock, T. A1 - Mottok, Jürgen A1 - Köhler, Thorsten ED - Mottok, Jürgen ED - Ziemann, Olaf T1 - A gesture-based human-machine interface using stereoscopic depth images T2 - 2nd Applied Research Conference 2012 (ARC 2012), 25./26. June 2012, Nuremberg N2 - Reasonable integration of gesture-based automotive HMI-functionality offers potential safety benefits by reducing driver distractions and glance times to operate tertiary in-car devices. Stereo camera systems are a well investigated choice to perform the task of generating depth data for spatial gesture recognition. This paper describes the functionality of our stereo vision software, which is intended for application in a target system based on CMOS wafer-level cameras. The retrieved point cloud data was passed to a gesture-based sample application. Y1 - 2012 SP - 166 EP - 169 PB - Shaker CY - Aachen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lichtenauer, Norbert A1 - Meussling-Sentpali, Annette ED - Weber, Karsten ED - Haug, Sonja ED - Lauer, Norina ED - Meussling-Sentpali, Annette ED - Mohr, Christa ED - Pfingsten, Andrea ED - Raptis, Georgios ED - Bahr, Gudrun T1 - Telenursing-Interventionen bei Schlaganfall BT - Überblick über den Forschungsstand T2 - Digitale Technik für ambulante Pflege und Therapie: Herausforderungen, Lösungen, Anwendungen und Forschungsperspektiven N2 - Systematische Literatursuche zum Einsatz von Telenursing-Interventionen bei Schlaganfallpatientinnen und Schlaganfallpatienten. T3 - Schriftenreihe der OTH Regensburg - 1 KW - Digitalisierung KW - Telemedizin KW - Schlaganfall KW - Pflege KW - Telenursing KW - Interventionen KW - Schlaganfall KW - Review Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-55175 SN - 978-3-8376-6235-1 SP - 97 EP - 118 PB - transcript CY - Bielefeld ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leusch, Vera A1 - Corsten, Sabine A1 - Giordano, Katharina A1 - Kreiter, Daniel A1 - Lauer, Norina T1 - App erleichtert Gespräche über das Leben JF - Aktivieren : das Magazin für die soziale Betreuung N2 - Das Forschungsteam BaSeTaLK hat gemeinsam mit Menschen im Alter eine App zur Biografiearbeit fr Bewohner:innen in Senioreneinrichtungen entwickelt. Sie befähigt insbesondere Ehrenamtliche, biografische Gespräche zu führen. KW - Biografieforschung KW - Digitalisierung Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.basetalk.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Aktivieren_05_2022_App_erleichtert_Gespraeche_ueber_das_Leben.pdf SN - 2364-303X VL - 8 IS - 5 SP - 32 EP - 35 PB - Vincentz CY - Hannover ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ebner, Andrea A1 - Frikel, Jürgen A1 - Lorenz, Dirk A1 - Schwab, J. A1 - Haltmeier, Markus T1 - Regularization of inverse problems by filtered diagonal frame decomposition JF - Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis N2 - Inverse problems are at the heart of many practical problems such as image reconstruction or nondestructive testing. A characteristic feature is their instability with respect to data perturbations. To stabilize the inversion process, regularization methods must be developed and applied. In this paper, we introduce the concept of filtered diagonal frame decomposition, which extends the classical filtered SVD to the case of frames. The use of frames as generalized singular systems allows a better match to a given class of potential solutions and is also beneficial for problems where the SVD is not analytically available. We show that filtered diagonal frame decompositions yield convergent regularization methods, derive convergence rates under source conditions and prove order optimality. Our analysis applies to bounded and unbounded forward operators. As a practical application of our tools, we study filtered diagonal frame decompositions for inverting the Radon transform as an unbounded operator on L2(R2). Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acha.2022.08.005 N1 - Preprint unter: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.06219.pdf OPUS-Einrag unter: https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-oth-regensburg/admin/document/edit/id/2290 VL - 62 IS - January SP - 66 EP - 83 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maier, Robert A1 - Grabinger, Lisa A1 - Urlhart, David A1 - Mottok, Jürgen T1 - Causal Models to Support Scenario-Based Testing of ADAS JF - IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems N2 - In modern vehicles, system complexity and technical capabilities are constantly growing. As a result, manufacturers and regulators are both increasingly challenged to ensure the reliability, safety, and intended behavior of these systems. With current methodologies, it is difficult to address the various interactions between vehicle components and environmental factors. However, model-based engineering offers a solution by allowing to abstract reality and enhancing communication among engineers and stakeholders. Applying this method requires a model format that is machine-processable, human-understandable, and mathematically sound. In addition, the model format needs to support probabilistic reasoning to account for incomplete data and knowledge about a problem domain. We propose structural causal models as a suitable framework for addressing these demands. In this article, we show how to combine data from different sources into an inferable causal model for an advanced driver-assistance system. We then consider the developed causal model for scenario-based testing to illustrate how a model-based approach can improve industrial system development processes. We conclude this paper by discussing the ongoing challenges to our approach and provide pointers for future work. KW - automated driving systems KW - Automation KW - Bayesian networks KW - Causal inference KW - Data models KW - ISO Standards KW - model-based testing KW - Safety KW - Task analysis KW - Testing KW - Vehicles Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2023.3317475 SN - 1524-9050 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kristen, Meret A1 - Engl, Fabian A1 - Mottok, Jürgen T1 - Enhancing Phishing Detection: An Eye-Tracking Study on User Interaction and Oversights in Phishing Emails T2 - SECURWARE 2024 : The Eighteenth International Conference on Emerging Security Information, Systems and Technologies, November 03-07, 2024, Nice, France N2 - Phishing remains a significant threat to organizational security, necessitating effective countermeasures. This paper presents findings from an in-depth eye-tracking study with 103 participants, evaluating the effectiveness of phishing awareness tools and trainings. The study examines how a phishing awareness system influences user behavior, efficiency, and the ability to identify phishing attempts. By analyzing eye movements, the study reveals real-time interactions and oversights, providing insights into the decision-making process. Results indicate that while the system improves the efficiency of users already proficient in phishing detection, it does not universally enhance recognition rates. Notably, participants using the tool spent significantly less time looking at attachment-related phishing markers, indicating partial efficiency improvements. Since phishing attempts containing suspicious attachments were successful in 19% of cases, as compared to an overall phishing success rate of 15%, the phishing awareness tool is particularly useful here. A usability evaluation revealed that users reporting a higher perceived usability score profited more from the help of the tool. Additionally, no improvement in phishing detection rates was observed in users who had completed prior IT-security training, highlighting the necessity for a paradigm shift in phishing training to adequately prepare users for phishing attempts. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.thinkmind.org/library/SECURWARE/SECURWARE_2024/securware_2024_2_80_30041.html SN - 978-1-68558-206-7 SP - 71 EP - 80 PB - IARIA ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Staufer, Susanne A1 - Hauser, Florian A1 - Grabinger, Lisa A1 - Bittner, Dominik A1 - Nadimpalli, Vamsi Krishna A1 - Mottok, Jürgen ED - Gómez Chova, Luis ED - González Martínez, Chelo ED - Lees, Joanna T1 - Learning elements in online learning management systems T2 - Proceedings of the 16th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI 2023), Seville, Spain, 11/13/2023 - 11/14/2023 Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-67725 SP - 3121 EP - 3130 PB - IATED ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Göppel, Simon A1 - Frikel, Jürgen A1 - Haltmeier, Markus ED - Palm, Christoph ED - Breininger, Katharina ED - Deserno, Thomas M. ED - Handels, Heinz ED - Maier, Andreas ED - Maier-Hein, Klaus H. ED - Tolxdorff, Thomas M. T1 - Data-proximal Neural Networks for Limited-view CT T2 - Bildverarbeitung für die Medizin 2025 : Proceedings, German Conference on Medical Image Computing, Regensburg March 09-11, 2025 N2 - Limited-angle computed tomography (CT) requires solving an inverse problem that is both ill-conditioned and underdetermined. In recent years, learned reconstruction methods have proven highly effective in addressing this challenge. Most of these methods follow a two-step process: first, an initial reconstruction method is applied to the data to generate an auxiliary reconstruction; second, a neural network is used to map the auxiliary reconstruction closer to the ground truth images. However, when applied to unseen data, there are no guarantees that the network’s output will remain consistent with the available measurement data. To address this, we recently introduced a data-proximal network architecture. In this paper, we implement this approach for limited-angle CT and compare its performance with a standard residual network and a null space network. Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-3-658-47421-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-47422-5_41 SP - 185 EP - 190 PB - Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Selig, Tim A1 - Bauer, Patrick A1 - Frikel, Jürgen A1 - März, Thomas A1 - Storath, Martin A1 - Weinmann, Andreas ED - Palm, Christoph ED - Breininger, Katharina ED - Deserno, Thomas M. ED - Handels, Heinz ED - Maier, Andreas ED - Maier-Hein, Klaus H. ED - Tolxdorff, Thomas M. T1 - Two-stage Approach for Low-dose and Sparse-angle CT Reconstruction using Backprojection T2 - Bildverarbeitung für die Medizin 2025 (BVM 2025): Proceedings, German Conference on Medical Image Computing, Regensburg March 09-11, 2025 N2 - This paper presents a novel two-stage approach for computed tomography (CT) reconstruction, focusing on sparse-angle and low-dose setups to minimize radiation exposure while maintaining high image quality. Two-stage approaches consist of an initial reconstruction followed by a neural network for image refinement. In the initial reconstruction, we apply the backprojection (BP) instead of the traditional filtered backprojection (FBP). This enhances computational speed and offers potential advantages for more complex geometries, such as fan-beam and cone-beam CT. Additionally, BP addresses noise and artifacts in sparse-angle CT by leveraging its inherent noise-smoothing effect, which reduces streaking artifacts common in FBP reconstructions. For the second stage, we fine-tune the DRUNet proposed by Zhang et al. to further improve reconstruction quality. We call our method BP-DRUNet and evaluate its performance on a synthetically generated ellipsoid dataset alongside thewell-established LoDoPaBCT dataset. Our results show that BP-DRUNet produces competetive results in terms of PSNR and SSIM metrics compared to the FBP-based counterpart, FBPDRUNet, and delivers visually competitive results across all tested angular setups. Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-3-658-47421-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-47422-5_67 SP - 286 EP - 291 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marterer, Verena A1 - Radouchová, Michaela A1 - Soukup, Radek A1 - Hipp, Susanne A1 - Blecha, Tomáš T1 - Wearable textile antennas: investigation on material variants, fabrication methods, design and application JF - Fashion and Textiles N2 - With the ongoing miniaturization of wireless devices, the importance of wearable textiles in the antenna segment has increased significantly in recent years. Due to the widespread utilization of wireless body sensor networks for healthcare and ubiquitous applications, the design of wearable antennas offers the possibility of comprehensive monitoring, communication, and energy harvesting and storage. This article reviews a number of properties and benefits to realize comprehensive background information and application ideas for the development of lightweight, compact and low-cost wearable patch antennas. Furthermore, problems and challenges that arise are addressed. Since both electromagnetic and mechanical specifications must be fulfilled, textile and flexible antennas require an appropriate trade-off between materials, antenna topologies, and fabrication methods—depending on the intended application and environmental factors. This overview covers each of the above issues, highlighting research to date while correlating antenna topology, feeding techniques, textile materials, and contacting options for the defined application of wearable planar patch antennas. KW - Wearable communication KW - Textile antenna KW - Patch antenna KW - Design requirements KW - Smart textiles KW - E-textiles Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40691-023-00369-1 VL - 11 PB - Springer Open ER - TY - GEN A1 - Horn, L. C A1 - Pippig, S. A1 - Raptis, Georgios A1 - Fischer, Uta A1 - Kohler, U. A1 - Hentschel, Bettina A1 - Martin, Rosemarie T1 - 00083 PAI-1 AND UFA AS PARAMETERS OF TUMORASSOCIATED PROTEOLYSIS IN CERVICAL CARCINOMA T2 - International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer Y1 - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200509001-00083 SN - 1048-891X VL - 15 IS - Suppl 2 EP - 74 PB - BMJ ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Franz, Maja A1 - Zurita, Pía A1 - Diefenthaler, Markus A1 - Mauerer, Wolfgang T1 - Co-Design of Quantum Hardware and Algorithms in Nuclear and High Energy Physics T2 - EPJ Web of Conferences N2 - Quantum computing (QC) has emerged as a promising technology, and is believed to have the potential to advance nuclear and high energy physics (NHEP) by harnessing quantum mechanical phenomena to accelerate computations. In this paper, we give a brief overview of the current state of quantum computing by highlighting challenges it poses and opportunities it offers to the NHEP community. Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers, while limited by imperfections and small scale, may hold promise for near-term quantum advantages when coupled with co-designed quantum algorithms and special-purpose quantum processing units (QPUs). We explore various applications in NHEP, including quantum simulation, event classification, and realtime experiment control, emphasising the potential of variational quantum circuits and related techniques. To identify current interests of the community, we perform an analysis of recent literature in NHEP related to QC. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202429512002 VL - 295 PB - EDP Sciences ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Polz, Julius A1 - Glawion, Luca A1 - Gebisso, Hiob A1 - Altenstrasser, Lukas A1 - Graf, Maximilian A1 - Kunstmann, Harald A1 - Vogl, Stefanie A1 - Chwala, Christian T1 - Temporal Super-Resolution, Ground Adjustment, and Advection Correction of Radar Rainfall Using 3-D-Convolutional Neural Networks JF - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing N2 - Weather radars are highly sophisticated tools for quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) and provide observations with unmatched spatial representativeness. However, their indirect measurement of precipitation high above ground leads to strong systematic errors compared to direct rain gauge measurements. Additionally, the temporal undersampling from 5-min instantaneous radar measurements requires advection correction. We present ResRadNet, a 3-D-convolutional residual neural network approach, to reduce these errors and, at the same time, increase the temporal resolution of the radar rainfall fields by a 5-min short-range prediction of 1-min time-steps. The network is trained to process spatiotemporal sequences of radar rainfall estimates from a composite product derived from 17 C-band weather radars in Germany. In contrast to previous approaches, we present a method that emphasizes the generation of spatiotemporally consistent and advection-corrected country-wide rainfall maps. Our approach significantly increased the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) of the radar product (from 0.63 to 0.74) and decreased the root mean squared error (mse) by 22% when compared to 247 rain gauges at a 5-min resolution. An additional large-scale comparison to eight years of data from 1138 independent manual daily gauges confirmed that the improvement is robust and transferable to new locations. Overall, our study shows the benefits of using 3-D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for weather radar rainfall estimation to provide 1-min, ground-adjusted, that is, bias-corrected with respect to on-ground sensors, and advection-corrected radar rainfall estimates. KW - Rain KW - Radar measurements KW - Meteorological radar KW - Three-dimensional displays KW - Spaceborne radar KW - Spatial resolution KW - Reflectivity KW - Convolutional neural network (CNN) KW - deep learning KW - precipitation KW - residual neural network KW - weather radar Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2024.3371577 VL - 62 SP - 1 EP - 10 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Staufer, Susanne A1 - Nadimpalli, Vamsi Krishna A1 - Hauser, Florian A1 - Bittner, Dominik A1 - Grabinger, Lisa A1 - Bugert, Flemming A1 - Ezer, Timur A1 - Röhrl, Simon A1 - Mottok, Jürgen T1 - Persistence of Questionnaire Data on Learning Styles, Learning Strategies AND Personality Traits T2 - ICERI2024 Proceedings: 17th Annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation, 11th-13th November 2024, Seville, Spain N2 - In the context of learning, questionnaires are carried out to gain information about learners. This learner profile has various benefits, like adapting the learning content, promoting of self-reflection, or increasing motivation in learning and therefore better learning results. Some researchers take the results of such questionnaires as ground truth or trust them blindly. Examining how persistent questionnaires are, asking the same questions twice, and comparing the results is a way to prove or falsify this statement. Our research procedure compares the results of three different questionnaires. The first questionnaire is the ILS (index of learning styles) according to the Felder-Silverman Learning Style Model (FSLSM) with about 44 questions. Learning strategies are examined with the LIST-K questionnaire consisting of 39 questions after Klingsieck. The third and last questionnaire is about personality traits. With only ten questions, Rammstedt et al. describe the BFI-10 questionnaire for personality traits. To compare results, the same study with the three named questionnaires is carried out twice with three to four months in between. The sample includes 35 students in their bachelor studies taking the course Software Engineering in a blended learning format. After collecting the questionnaire data from the students, a comparison is made in two different ways. First, we compare the data points based on the given answers. Second, a comparison is made based on the calculated questionnaire results because each of the three questionnaires has its own analysis method. For example, the analysis method of the ILS delivers as a result four integers representing the four characteristics of a learning style, while LIST-K makes a factor analysis. The results of the paper show that both the given answers and the calculated questionnaire results differ. Not one student has given the same answer inside each questionnaire with causes, like a change of learning style, learning strategy, and personality traits, or not filling in conscientiously. KW - learning style KW - learning strategy KW - personality traits KW - questionnaire study Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-78246 SN - 978-84-09-63010-3 SN - 2340-1095 SP - 6310 EP - 6319 PB - IATED ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Taiber, Joachim A1 - Chowdury, M. A1 - Hammond, G. A1 - Hipp, V. A1 - Huttner, B. A1 - Lonien, J. A1 - Mottok, Jürgen A1 - Neukart, Florian A1 - Stengel, T. T1 - Unsettled Topics Concerning the Impact of Quantum Technologies on Automotive Cybersecurity N2 - Quantum computing is considered the “next big thing” when it comes to solving computational problems impossible to tackle using conventional computers. However, a major concern is that quantum computers could be used to crack current cryptographic schemes designed to withstand traditional cyberattacks. This threat also impacts future automated vehicles as they become embedded in a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) ecosystem. In this scenario, encrypted data is transmitted between a complex network of cloud-based data servers, vehicle-based data servers, and vehicle sensors and controllers. While the vehicle hardware ages, the software enabling V2X interactions will be updated multiple times. It is essential to make the V2X ecosystem quantum-safe through use of “post-quantum cryptography” as well other applicable quantum technologies. This SAE EDGE™ Research Report considers the following three areas to be unsettled questions in the V2X ecosystem: How soon will quantum computing pose a threat to connected and automated vehicle technologies? What steps and measures are needed to make a V2X ecosystem “quantum-safe?” What standardization is needed to ensure that quantum technologies do not pose an unacceptable risk from an automotive cybersecurity perspective? Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2020026 SN - 2640-3536 CY - Warrendale, Pennsylvania, USA ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reicheneder, Matthias A1 - Westner, Markus A1 - Matschi, Markus T1 - IT-Near- und Offshoring in deutschen Großunternehmen: Aktueller Stand, Motive und Auswahlkriterien JF - HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik N2 - Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die aktuelle IT-Near- und Offshoring-Praxis in deutschen Großunternehmen. Dafür wurden 33 CIOs und IT-Führungskräfte mittels Interviews befragt. Haupttreiber der geografischen Verlagerung von IT-Services ins Ausland ist die Ressourcenverfügbarkeit in anderen Ländern, bedingt durch den Fachkräftemangel in Deutschland. Dies trifft auch auf die Auswahl geeigneter IT-Services für das Near- und Offshoring zu. Während IT-Near- und Offshoring historisch primär aufgrund von Kosteneinsparungen initiiert wurde, spielt dieser Aspekt heute eine untergeordnete Rolle. Die Interviewteilnehmer und -teilnehmerinnen sehen in Kosteneinsparungen zwar immer noch einen positiven Effekt, erwarten aber, dass dieser in Zukunft aufgrund der Angleichung des Kostenniveaus schwinden wird. Die Unternehmen verlagern hauptsächlich Applikationsbetrieb und -entwicklung, erkennen jedoch zunehmend das Potenzial, auch höherwertige Aufgaben, z. B. Projektmanagement und Unternehmensarchitekturmanagement, aus geografisch entfernteren Ländern erbringen zu lassen. Unternehmen, die ausschließlich IT-Nearshoring betreiben, erbringen weniger als ein Drittel ihrer IT-Services aus nahegelegenen Ländern. Firmen mit IT-Offshoring-Präsenzen weisen einen höheren IT-Near‑/Offshoringgrad auf und verlagern knapp die Hälfte der eigenen IT-Serviceerbringung ins Ausland. Die beliebtesten Länder sind Portugal für das Nearshoring und Indien für das Offshoring. KW - Nearshoring KW - Offshoring KW - IT Services KW - Drivers KW - Selection Criteria KW - Large Companies KW - Study KW - Motive KW - Auswahlkriterien KW - Großunternehmen KW - Studie Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-79582 SN - 1436-3011 N1 - Corresponding author der OTH Regensbrg: Markus Westner PB - Springer Nature CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mauerer, Wolfgang A1 - Joblin, Mitchell A1 - Tamburri, Damian A1 - Paradis, Carlos A1 - Kazman, Rick A1 - Apel, Sven T1 - In Search of Socio-Technical Congruence: A Large-Scale Longitudinal Study JF - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (TSE) N2 - This paper describes a large-scale empirical study investigating the relevance of socio-technical congruence over key basic software quality metrics, namely, bugs and churn. That is, we explore whether alignment or misalignment of social communication structures and technical dependencies in large software projects influences software quality. To this end, we have defined a quantitative and operational notion of socio-technical congruence, which we call /socio-technical motif congruence/ (STMC). STMC is a measure of the degree to which developers working on the same file or on two related files, need to communicate. As socio-technical congruence is a complex and multi-faceted phenomenon, the interpretability of the results is one of our main concerns, so we have employed a careful mixed-methods statistical analysis. In particular, we provide analyses with similar techniques as employed by seminal work in the field to ensure comparability of our results with the existing body of work. The major result of our study, based on an analysis of 25 large open-source projects, is that STMC is /not/ related to project quality measures---software bugs and churn---in any temporal scenario. That is, we find no statistical relationship between the alignment of developer tasks and developer communications on one hand, and project outcomes on the other hand. We conclude that, wherefore congruence does matter as literature shows, then its measurable effect lies elsewhere. KW - Socio-Technical Congruence KW - Human Factors in Software Engineering; KW - Graph Analysis KW - Empirical Software Engineering KW - Quantitative Software Engineering KW - Mixed-Methods Research KW - Socio-Technical Analysis Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/TSE.2021.3082074 N1 - Corresponding author: Wolfgang Mauerer VL - 48 IS - 8 SP - 3159 EP - 3184 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hauser, Florian A1 - Grabinger, Lisa A1 - Ezer, Timur A1 - Mottok, Jürgen A1 - Gruber, Hans ED - Gómez Chova, Luis ED - González Martínez, Chelo ED - Lees, Joanna T1 - Integrating deliberate practice in software engineering education T2 - ICERI 2024 Proceedings, 17th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation,11-13 November, 2024, Seville, Spain Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2024.1331 SP - 5457 EP - 5466 PB - IATED ER - TY - GEN A1 - Stark, T. A1 - Schreistetter, Stefan A1 - Reuter, Rebecca A1 - Hauser, Florian A1 - Holmqvist, Kenneth A1 - Mottok, Jürgen A1 - Gruber, Hans T1 - Learning from Gaze: Eye Movement Modeling Examples in Software Engineering Education T2 - Earli Book of Abstracts Y1 - 2021 UR - https://earli.org/assets/files/BOA-2021.pdf SP - 291 PB - Earli ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gabriel, Christian A1 - Wittmann, Christoffer A1 - Hacker, B. A1 - Mauerer, Wolfgang A1 - Huntington, E. A1 - Sabuncu, M. A1 - Marquardt, Christoph A1 - Leuchs, Gerd T1 - A high-speed secure quantum random number generator based on vacuum states T2 - IEEE/OSA Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), 06-11 May 2012, San Jose CA USA N2 - A high-speed continuous-variable quantum random bit generator with an expected effective bit generation rate of up to 10 GBit/s is presented. The obtained bit sequences are truly random and unique, i.e. they cannot be known by an adversary. Y1 - 2012 PB - Optical Society of America ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Moser, Elisabeth A1 - Jobst, Simon A1 - Bierl, Rudolf A1 - Jenko, Frank T1 - A Deep Learning System to Transform Cross-Section Spectra to Varying Environmental Conditions JF - Vibrational Spectroscopy N2 - Absorption cross-sections provide a basis for many gas sensing applications. Therefore, any error in molecular cross-sections caused by varying environmental conditions propagates to spectroscopic applications. Original molecular cross-sections in varying environmental conditions can only be simulated for some molecules, whereas for most multi-atom molecules, one must rely on high-precision measurements at certain environmental configurations. In this study, a deep learning system trained with simulated absorption cross-sections for predicting cross-sections at a different pressure configuration is presented. The system’s capability to transfer to measured, multi-atom cross-sections is demonstrated. Thus, it provides an alternative to (pseudo-) line lists whenever the required information for simulation is unavailable. The predictive performance of the system was evaluated on validation data via simulation, and its transfer learning capabilities were demonstrated on actual measurement chlorine nitrate data. From the comparison between the system and line lists, the system shows slightly worse performance than pseudo-line lists but its predictive quality is still deemed acceptable with less than 5% relative integral change with a highly localized error around the peak center. This opens a promising way for further research to use deep learning to simulate the effect of varying environmental conditions on absorption cross-sections. KW - Spectroscopy KW - Deep learning KW - Simulation KW - Pressure broadening KW - Pseudo-line lists KW - Transfer learning Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vibspec.2022.103410 SN - 0924-2031 VL - 122 IS - September PB - Elsevier ER - TY - THES A1 - Ramsauer, Ralf T1 - OSS Architecture for Mixed-Criticality Systems BT - A Dual View from a Software and System Engineering Perspective N2 - Computer-based automation in industrial appliances led to a growing number of logically dependent, but physically separated embedded control units per appliance. Many of those components are safety-critical systems, and require adherence to safety standards, which is inconsonant with the relentless demand for features in those appliances. Features lead to a growing amount of control units per appliance, and to a increasing complexity of the overall software stack, being unfavourable for safety certifications. Modern CPUs provide means to revise traditional separation of concerns design primitives: the consolidation of systems, which yields new engineering challenges that concern the entire software and system stack. Multi-core CPUs favour economic consolidation of formerly separated systems with one efficient single hardware unit. Nonetheless, the system architecture must provide means to guarantee the freedom from interference between domains of different criticality. System consolidation demands for architectural and engineering strategies to fulfil requirements (e.g., real-time or certifiability criteria) in safety-critical environments. In parallel, there is an ongoing trend to substitute ordinary proprietary base platform software components by mature OSS variants for economic and engineering reasons. There are fundamental differences of processual properties in development processes of OSS and proprietary software. OSS in safety-critical systems requires development process assessment techniques to build an evidence-based fundament for certification efforts that is based upon empirical software engineering methods. In this thesis, I will approach from both sides: the software and system engineering perspective. In the first part of this thesis, I focus on the assessment of OSS components: I develop software engineering techniques that allow to quantify characteristics of distributed OSS development processes. I show that ex-post analyses of software development processes can be used to serve as a foundation for certification efforts, as it is required for safety-critical systems. In the second part of this thesis, I present a system architecture based on OSS components that allows for consolidation of mixed-criticality systems on a single platform. Therefore, I exploit virtualisation extensions of modern CPUs to strictly isolate domains of different criticality. The proposed architecture shall eradicate any remaining hypervisor activity in order to preserve realtime capabilities of the hardware by design, while guaranteeing strict isolation across domains. KW - real-time operating system KW - mixed-criticality KW - static hardware partitioning KW - development processes KW - development process reconstruction KW - quantitative software engineering Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.repo.uni-hannover.de/bitstream/handle/123456789/11815/Dissertation_Ramsauer-Ralf.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y PB - Leibniz Universität Hannover ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Marinkovic, Minja A1 - Galka, Stefan A1 - Meißner, Sebastian T1 - Digital Twins for Internal Transport Systems: Use Cases, Functions, and System Architecture T2 - Proceedings of the 56th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences: January 3-6, 2023, Maui, Hawaii, USA N2 - Internal transport systems are an essential part of intralogistics in production and distribution facilities. These are characterized by a variety of technologies as well as a multitude of interactions with other processes, such as warehouse, picking, and production processes. Therefore, resource planning and control of these systems is complex, especially for discontinuous conveyors. In this task, users can be supported by Digital Twins for decision-making, as they are suitable for investigating both future system states and possible actions. However, relevant use cases that are generally applicable across sectors as well as a generic system architecture for Digital Twins for resource planning and process control of in-plant transport systems have not yet been sufficiently investigated. In this paper, use cases are presented, relevant functions defined, and, finally, a generic functional and a logical reference architecture described. This is conducted with the design science in information systems research method together with a Systems Engineering approach. The use cases are determined at industrial partners of the research project TwInTraSys, which explores Digital Twins for the planning and control of internal transport systems. They are generalized and, thus, also applicable to other production and distribution facilities in different sectors. Further, the reference architecture can provide a basis for the successful implementation of the Digital Twin. KW - Intelligent Decision Support for Logistics and Supply Chain Management KW - intralogistics KW - internal transport systems KW - digital twin Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-0-9981331-6-4 SP - 1195 EP - 1204 PB - University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa CY - Honolulu, HI ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmidbauer, Lukas A1 - Wintersperger, Karen A1 - Lobe, Elisabeth A1 - Mauerer, Wolfgang T1 - Polynomial Reduction Methods and their Impact on QAOA Circuits T2 - IEEE International Conference on Quantum Software (QSW), 7-13 July 2024, Shenzhen, China N2 - Abstraction layers are of paramount importance in software architecture, as they shield the higher-level formulation of payload computations from lower-level details. Since quantum computing (QC) introduces many such details that are often unaccustomed to computer scientists, an obvious desideratum is to devise appropriate abstraction layers for QC. For discrete optimisation, one such abstraction is to cast problems in quadratic unconstrained binary optimisation (QUBO) form, which is amenable to a variety of quantum approaches. However, different mathematically equivalent forms can lead to different behaviour on quantum hardware, ranging from ease of mapping onto qubits to performance scalability. In this work, we show how using higher-order problem formulations (that provide better expressivity in modelling optimisation tasks than plain QUBO formulations) and their automatic transformation into QUBO form can be used to leverage such differences to prioritise between different desired non-functional properties for quantum optimisation. Based on a practically relevant use-case and a graph-theoretic analysis, we evaluate how different transformation approaches influence widely used quantum performance metrics (circuit depth, gates count, gate distribution, qubit scaling), and also consider the classical computational efforts required to perform the transformations, as they influence possibilities for achieving future quantum advantage. Furthermore, we establish more general properties and invariants of the transformation methods. Our quantitative study shows that the approach allows us to satisfy different trade-offs, and suggests various possibilities for the future construction of general-purpose abstractions and automatic generation of useful quantum circuits from high-level problem descriptions. KW - HW-SW co design KW - NISQ systems KW - noisy quantum computing KW - quantum software engineering Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/QSW62656.2024.00018 SP - 35 EP - 45 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Reindl, Andrea A1 - Lang, Andreas A1 - Niemetz, Michael A1 - Meier, Hans T1 - Switching and Averaging Models of a Bidirectional, Half-Bridge Based DC-DC converter with Load Distribution T2 - Proceedings of the 15th International Modelica Conference 2023, Aachen, October 9-11 N2 - Batteries are used in numerous applications such as mobile devices, electric vehicles, home storage systems and islanded microgrids. Bidirectional DC-DC converters are vital for the integration of batteries, for the power conversion during (dis)charge and the battery management. Modeling of these is helpful, especially for the design of larger, more complex systems consisting of multiple DC-DC converters in parallel. Due to the high switching frequencies, the simulation of DC-DC converters is associated with increased computational time and effort. In this paper, three models of different complexity and accuracy are proposed for a bidirectional DC-DC converter consisting of two phase-shifted half-bridges. Two switching models, which differ mainly in the way the mosfets are driven, account for the individual switching operations and exhibit high accuracy. An averaging model replaces the switching elements with current and voltage sources providing the mean values. It is particularly suitable for multiple components and longer simulation durations. The dynamic behavior of the models is analyzed using the step responses of the load current. For validation, these are compared with the theoretical transfer function. The three models are analyzed comparatively in terms of computational time and effort. The calculation time of the averaging model has been reduced by two thirds compared to the strictly complementary switching model and by 96% relative to the model with diode emulation mode. The averaging model requires only one third of the computation time of the complementary switching model and only 3.5% of that of the model with diode emulation. Recommendations for the use of the models are given and a possible use case is shown. Two parallel connected DC-DC converters with load current sharing between them are simulated using the averaging model. KW - Bidirectional DC/DC Converter KW - Averaging Model KW - Switching Model KW - Computational Effort KW - Modelica KW - Half Bridge KW - Circuit Averaging Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3384/ecp204683 PB - OJS ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bugert, Flemming A1 - Staufer, Susanne A1 - Bittner, Dominik A1 - Nadimpalli, Vamsi Krishna A1 - Ezer, Timur A1 - Hauser, Florian A1 - Grabinger, Lisa A1 - Mottok, Jürgen T1 - Ariadne's Thread for Unravelling Learning Paths: Identifying Learning Styles via Hidden Markov Models T2 - 2024 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 08-11 May 2024, Kos Island, Greece N2 - Modern education through Learning Management Systems (LMSs) provides learners with personalized learning paths. This is achieved by first querying the learning style according to the theory of Felder and Silverman to recommend suitable learning content. However, a rigid learning style representation is lacking of adaptability to the learners' choices. Therefore, the present study evaluates the idea of providing adaption to the representation of learning styles by using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). Thus, data is collected from participants out of the Higher Education Area. The Index of Learning Styles questionnaire is used to obtain the learning style based on the theory of Felder and Silverman. Also, a questionnaire that asks the respondents to create a preferred learning path with the sequence length of nine learning elements is provided. From the given data, we initially evaluate the probability relationships between learning styles and learning elements. Then, we use the Viterbi algorithm in HMMs to identify alterations in learning styles from the provided learning paths. The alignment is then quantified by introducing a metric called support value. The findings imply that our concept can be used to adapt the learning style based on the user's real choice of learning elements. Thus, the proposed model also offers a way to integrate a feedback loop within LMSs leading to an improvement of learning path recommendation algorithms. KW - Surveys KW - Knowledge engineering KW - Feedback loop KW - Learning management systems KW - Uncertainty KW - Viterbi algorithm Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUCON60312.2024.10578825 SN - 2165-9567 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Völkl, Jakob A1 - Melzer, Matthias A1 - Dünnweber, Jan A1 - Sarkar, Amitrajit T1 - Dynamic Route Planning for a Data Collecting Luggage Transport Service T2 - 18th IEEE International Conference on Control & Automation, June 18-21, 2024, Reykjavík, Iceland N2 - Control and Automation of services of the urban infrastructure offered to citizens and tourists are elementary parts of a smart city. But both rely on a stable supply of data from sensors spread across the whole city, e. g., the fill level sensors of waste bins needed for a waste management tool which we developed in a collaboration with the Regensburg city council for the on-demand collection of waste bins. Europe has a lot of historic cities like Regensburg with narrow streets and huge building walls, some made from granite and fieldstones, which often represents an insurmountable obstacle to wireless data transmission. The reduction of the road traffic volume poses an additional challenge for city planners. By means of networked planning and simulation software, the situation, state and efficiency of citywide logistic services can be monitored and optimized. In the course of such optimizations, we propose the combination of digital and logistic services. As an example, we show that monitoring state information, such as the waste bin fill levels, can be accomplished using the same vehicles and the same planning software, that is used for luggage transportation. Moreover, we describe how we adapted a solver for a variant of the TSP, namely the prize-collecting traveling salesman, to optimize the route planning dynamically. Y1 - 2024 PB - IEEE ER - TY - INPR A1 - Borg, Leise A1 - Frikel, Jürgen A1 - Jørgensen, Jakob Sauer A1 - Quinto, Eric Todd T1 - Theorems that Characterize Artifacts for Arbitrary Limited X-ray CT Data N2 - This article provides a mathematical classification of artifacts from arbitrary incom-plete X-ray tomography data when using the classical filtered backprojection algorithm. Usingmicrolocal analysis, we prove that all artifacts arise from points at the boundary of the data set.Our results show that, depending on the geometry of the data set boundary, two types of artifactscan arise: object-dependent and object-independent artifacts. The object-dependent artifacts aregenerated by singularities of the object being scanned and these artifacts can extend all along lines.This is a generalization of the streak artifacts observed in limited angle CT. The article also char-acterizes two new phenomena: the object-independent artifacts are caused only by the geometryof the data set boundary; they occur along lines if the boundary of the data set is not smooth andalong curves if the boundary of the data set is smooth. In addition to the geometric descriptionof artifacts, the article also provides characterizations of their strength in Sobolev scale in certaincases. Moreover, numerical reconstructions from simulated and real data are presented illustratingour theorems.This work is motivated by a reconstruction we present from a synchrotron data set in whichartifacts along lines appeared that were independent of the object.The results of this article apply to a wide range of well-known incomplete data problems, in-cluding limited angle CT and region of interest tomography, as well as to unconventional x-ray CTimaging setups. Some of those problems are explicitly addressed in this article, theoretically and numerically. Y1 - 2017 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318360078_Theorems_that_Characterize_Artifacts_for_Arbitrary_Limited_X-ray_CT_Data ET - version 6 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Borg, Leise A1 - Jørgensen, Jakob Sauer A1 - Frikel, Jürgen A1 - Quinto, Eric Todd A1 - Sporring, Jon T1 - Reducing artifacts from varying projection truncations T2 - 3rd International Conference on Tomography of Materials and Structures, Lund, Sweden, 26-30 June 2017, ICTMS2017-65-1 N2 - We study samples with full and partial occlusion causing streak artifacts, and propose two mod-ifications of filtered backprojection for artifact removal. Data is obtained by the SPring-8 synchrotron using a monochromatic parallel-beam scan [1]. Thresholding in the sinogram segments the metal, resulting in edges on which we apply 1) a smooth transition, or 2) a Dirichlet boundary condition. KW - X-ray tomography KW - projection truncation KW - streak artifacts KW - boundary conditions Y1 - 2017 UR - https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/ICTMS2017/ICTMS2017-65-1.pdf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bugert, Flemming A1 - Grabinger, Lisa A1 - Bittner, Dominik A1 - Hauser, Florian A1 - Nadimpalli, Vamsi Krishna A1 - Staufer, Susanne A1 - Mottok, Jürgen T1 - Towards Learning Style Prediction based on Personality T2 - Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Software Engineering Education, Seeon/Germany, June 19 - 21, 2023 N2 - This paper assesses the relation between personality, demographics, and learning style. Hence, data is collected from 200 participants using 1) the BFI-10 to obtain the participant’s expression of personality traits according to the five-factor model, 2) the ILS to determine the participant’s learning style according to Felder and Silverman, and 3) a demographic questionnaire. From the obtained data, we train and evaluate a Bayesian network. Using Bayesian statistics, we show that age and gender slightly influence personality and that demographics as well as personality have at least a minor effect on learning styles. We also discuss the limitations and future work of the presented approach. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-1-4503-9956-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3593663.3593682 SP - 48 EP - 55 PB - ACM ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bittner, Dominik A1 - Hauser, Florian A1 - Nadimpalli, Vamsi Krishna A1 - Grabinger, Lisa A1 - Staufer, Susanne A1 - Mottok, Jürgen T1 - Towards Eye Tracking based Learning Style Identification T2 - Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Software Engineering Education, Seeon/Germany, June 19 - 21, 2023 N2 - The dropout rate at universities has been very high for years. Thereby, the inexperience and lack of knowledge of students in dealing with individual learning paths in various courses of study plays a decisive role. Adaptive learning management systems are suitable countermeasures, in which learners’ learning styles are classified using questionnaires or computationally intensive algorithms before a learning path is suggested accordingly. In this paper, a study design for student learning style classification using eye tracking is presented. Furthermore, qualitative and quantitative analyses clarify certain relationships between students’ eye movements and learning styles. With the help of classification based on eye tracking, the filling out of questionnaires or the integration of computationally or cost-intensive algorithms can be made redundant in the future. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-1-4503-9956-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3593663.3593680 SP - 138 EP - 147 PB - ACM ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Frikel, Jürgen A1 - Quinto, Eric Todd ED - Burger, Martin ED - Quinto, Eric Todd ED - Louis, Alfred K. T1 - Artifacts in limited view tomography T2 - Oberwolfach Reports Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4171/OWR/2014/37 VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 2047 EP - 2114 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nadimpalli, Vamsi Krishna A1 - Bugert, Flemming A1 - Bittner, Dominik A1 - Hauser, Florian A1 - Grabinger, Lisa A1 - Staufer, Susanne A1 - Mottok, Jürgen ED - Gómez Chova, Luis ED - González Martínez, Chelo ED - Lees, Joanna T1 - Towards personalized learning paths in adaptive learning management systems: bayesian modelling of psychological theories T2 - Proceedings of the 16th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI 2023), Seville, Spain, 11/13/2023 - 11/14/2023 N2 - In educational research, non-personalized learning content increases learners' cognitive load, causing them to lower their performance and sometimes drop out of the course. Personalizing learning content with learners’ unique characteristics, like learning styles, personality traits, and learning strategies, is being suggested to improve learners’ success. Several theories exist for assessing learners’ unique characteristics. By the end of 2020, 71 learning style theories have been formulated, and research has shown that combining multiple learning style theories to recommend learning paths yields better results. As of the end of 2022, there is no single research that demonstrates a relationship between the Index of Learning Styles (ILS) based Felder-Silverman learning style model (FSLSM) dimensions, Big Five (BFI-10) based personality traits, and the Learning strategies in studying (LIST-K) based learning strategies factors for personalizing learning content. In this paper, an innovative approach is proposed to estimate the relationship between these theories and map the corresponding learning elements to create personalized learning paths. Respective questionnaires were distributed to 297 higher education students for data collection. A three-step approach was formulated to estimate the relationship between the models. First, a literature search was conducted to find existing studies. Then, an expert interview was carried out with a group of one software engineering education research professor, three doctoral students, and two master’s students. Finally, the correlations between the students' questionnaire responses were calculated. To achieve this, a Bayesian Network was built with expert knowledge from the three-step approach, and the weights were learned from collected data. The probability of individual FSLSM learning style dimensions was estimated for a new test sample. Based on the literature, the learning elements were mapped to the respective FSLSM learning style dimensions and were initiated as learning paths to the learners. The next steps are proposed to extend this framework and dynamically recommend learning paths in real time. In addition, the individual levels of learning style dimensions, personality traits, and learning strategies can be considered to improve the recommendations. Further, using probabilities for mapping learning elements to learning styles can increase the chance of initiating multiple learning paths for an individual learner. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2023.1144 SP - 4593 EP - 4603 PB - IATED ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ezer, Timur A1 - Plößl, Moritz A1 - Grabinger, Lisa A1 - Bittner, Dominik A1 - Staufer, Susanne A1 - Nadimpalli, Vamsi Krishna A1 - Bugert, Flemming A1 - Hauser, Florian A1 - Mottok, Jürgen ED - Gómez Chova, Luis ED - González Martínez, Chelo ED - Lees, Joanna T1 - Deep learning for eye movement classification T2 - ICERI 2024 Proceedings, 17th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation,11-13 November, 2024, Seville, Spain Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2024.1028 SP - 4056 EP - 4065 PB - IATED ER - TY - INPR A1 - Gaube, Susanne A1 - Jussupow, Ekaterina A1 - Kokje, Eesha A1 - Khan, Jowaria A1 - Bondi-Kelly, Elizabeth A1 - Schicho, Andreas A1 - Kitamura, Felipe Campos A1 - Koch, Timo Kevin A1 - Ezer, Timur A1 - Mottok, Jürgen A1 - Lermer, Eva A1 - Ghassemi, Marzyeh A1 - Colak, Errol T1 - Underreliance Harms Human-AI Collaboration More Than Overreliance in Medical Imaging N2 - Importance: The use of artificial intelligence (AI) to support clinicians in diagnostic decision-making holds significant potential; however, evidence regarding its clinical utility remains mixed. In many cases, the interaction between healthcare professionals and AI systems does not improve collaborative performance compared to the standalone performance of humans or AI. Currently, the underlying mechanisms that limit human-AI collaboration are poorly understood. Objective: To examine the impact of AI advice on diagnostic decision-making among experts and novices, focusing on understanding the role of explainability (XAI) on users’ reliance on advice. Design, Setting, and Participants: A mixed-methods design combining a crossover experimental design with a think-aloud and an eye-tracking study arm was conducted in 2023. Participants were task experts (radiologists) and novices (non-radiologist physicians and medical trainees) from 10 countries, with the think-aloud and eye-tracking conducted in Germany. Intervention: Participants reviewed 50 patient cases containing head CT scans and patient information. Every case was reviewed in three time-separate sessions in randomized order. In each session, participants were exposed to a different experimental condition: (a) control, i.e., no AI prediction presented; (b) basic advice, i.e., AI prediction without annotations; and (c) XAI advice, i.e., AI prediction with annotations. For each case, participants had to determine if the patients had an intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), rate their confidence, and, if applicable, the usefulness of the AI advice. Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s): Diagnostic performance, confidence in the diagnosis, case reading time, and AI advice usefulness ratings. Results: The data analysis included 125 participants. The mean age was 28.5 years (SD = 6.72), and 55.2% identified as female. Underreliance on correct AI advice was associated with high uncertainty and had a more detrimental impact on diagnostic performance than overreliance on incorrect advice. XAI advice reduced underreliance and improved performance and confidence, particularly when reviewing more difficult cases with ICH. AI advice, particularly XAI, did not reduce reading time. XAI was perceived as more useful than basic AI advice, especially among novices. Conclusions and Relevance: Our findings indicate that underreliance on AI might be more harmful than overreliance, highlighting the need to develop efficient counterstrategies beyond current XAI methods. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/4wv8j PB - OSFPreprints ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Huang, Wenfei A1 - Melzer, Matthias A1 - Dünnweber, Jan T1 - Optimizing Smart Retail by Experiment Using an Online AI Model Exploration Interface T2 - 2024 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), 15-18 December 2024, Orlando, FL, USA N2 - Smart retail technologies save grocery store operators a lot of work. At the same time, these technologies produce valuable data for building sustainable and economical inventory management strategies. AI models can be trained for sales forecasting using the data. The forecasts support the provisioning of fresh food over the whole week and help reducing food waste. In this paper, we present a Web portal which we developed to allow grocery store operators experiments with AI models revealing interrelations between observed and anticipated customer behavior. Clickable diagrams facilitate the exploration of data sets combining historical data and synthetically generated data. Pricing and ordering can be adapted accordingly to the simulated forecasts. By means of a case study, we show that our simulations are not only useful for predicting future sales but for other smart retail tasks as well. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC63780.2024.10838897 SP - 2631 EP - 2642 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hoess, Nicole A1 - Paradis, Carlos A1 - Kazman, Rick A1 - Mauerer, Wolfgang T1 - Does the Tool Matter? Exploring Some Causes of Threats to Validity in Mining Software Repositories T2 - 2025 IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER), Montreal, QC, Canada, March, 4-7, 2025 N2 - Software repositories are an essential source of information for software engineering research on topics such as project evolution and developer collaboration. Appropriate mining tools and analysis pipelines are therefore an indispensable precondition for many research activities. Ideally, valid results should not depend on technical details of data collection and processing. It is, however, widely acknowledged that mining pipelines are complex, with a multitude of implementation decisions made by tool authors based on their interests and assumptions. This raises the questions if (and to what extent) tools agree on their results and are interchangeable. In this study, we use two tools to extract and analyse ten large software projects, quantitatively and qualitatively comparing results and derived data to better understand this concern. We analyse discrepancies from a technical point of view, and adjust code and parametrisation to minimise replication differences. Our results indicate that despite similar trends, even simple metrics such as the numbers of commits and developers may differ by up to 500%. We find that such substantial differences are often caused by minor technical details. We show how tool-level and data post-processing changes can overcome these issues, but find they may require considerable efforts. We summarise identified causes in our lessons learned to help researchers and practitioners avoid common pitfalls, and reflect on implementation decisions and their influence in ensuring obtained data meets explicit and implicit expectations. Our findings lead us to hypothesise that similar uncertainties exist in other analysis tools, which may limit the validity of conclusions drawn in tool-centric research. KW - Codes KW - Collaboration KW - Data collection KW - Data mining KW - Developer Networks KW - Empirical Software Engineering KW - Market research KW - Measurement KW - Mining Software Repositories KW - Pipelines KW - Research Software KW - Software engineering KW - Uncertainty Y1 - 2025 SN - 979-8-3315-3510-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/SANER64311.2025.00067 SP - 645 EP - 656 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bittner, Dominik A1 - Hauser, Florian A1 - Engl, Fabian A1 - Mottok, Jürgen ED - Mottok, Jürgen ED - Hagel, Georg T1 - Eye Movement Modelling Examples on Usability Heuristics T2 - Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Software Engineering Education : ECSEE 2025, Seeon Germany, June 02-04, 2025 N2 - The user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) design is of crucial importance for human-computer interaction (HCI), particularly in the context of web applications. In light of the high expectations of users and the competitive nature of the market, it is imperative to employ usability measurement techniques to avoid losing users. Heuristic evaluation (HE) is a cost- and resource-efficient method for evaluating the usability of websites in which evaluators are guided by heuristics. However, the level of expertise of the evaluators has a significant impact on the results, with experts identifying up to 50% more usability issues than novices. To address this gap, this paper proposes Eye Movement Modeling Examples (EMMEs) to demonstrate Jakob Nielsen’s ten usability heuristics in an easy-to-understand format for all levels of experience while also incorporating expert knowledge. In particular, the eye movements and verbal feedback of a usability expert are recorded as the expert analyses the usability of a simple website application in terms of Jakob Nielsen’s ten usability heuristics. This reveals the strategies and cognitive processes of the expert when assessing the usability of a website and makes them more tangible for non-experts or novices. The findings of a questionnaire-based assessment indicate that EMMEs are perceived as beneficial and supportive during the learning process. Ultimately, this comprehensive analysis not only enables a deeper understanding of heuristics for usability novices, but could also lead to EMMEs being applied more efficiently in diverse domains. Y1 - 2025 SN - 9798400712821 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3723010.3723035 SP - 106 EP - 114 PB - ACM ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Marschall, Felix T1 - HEKATE - Implementierung eines Dashboards zur Visualisierung von Auswertungen des HASKI Konzepts für einen umfassenden Einblick in den Lernprozess BT - Projektarbeit N2 - In der gegenwärtigen Bildungslandschaft erfährt die adaptive Hochschullehre eine zunehmende Relevanz, da traditionelle Lehrmethoden vielfach nicht mehr hinreichend sind, um den individuellen Bedürfnissen der Studierenden zu entsprechen. Das Projekt HEKATE zielt darauf ab, die Erkenntnisse aus dem HASKI-System, einem innovativen Ansatz für personalisierte Lernunterstützung basierend auf KI und maschinellem Lernen, effektiv zu visualisieren. HEKATE ergänzt das HASKI-System durch die Entwicklung eines Dashboards, welches eine transparente und nachvollziehbare Darstellung der Lernstildaten ermöglicht. Das Ziel des Projekts besteht in der Umsetzung einer Visualisierungslösung, die sich durch eine hohe Benutzerfreundlichkeit sowie Leistungsfähigkeit auszeichnet und alle relevanten Lern- und Nutzungsdaten Studierender adäquat abbildet. Die funktionalen Anforderungen umfassten die präzise Darstellung von Lernstil-Ergebnissen, Quiz- und Übungsergebnissen sowie die Integration des ARIADNE-Konzepts. Des Weiteren werden nichtfunktionale Ziele definiert, welche eine hohe Benutzerfreundlichkeit, Systemsicherheit, kurze Ladezeiten sowie eine verlässliche Datenverarbeitung umfassten. Hekate bietet sowohl für Studierende als auch für Lehrende einen erheblichen Mehrwert, indem es Lern- und Nutzungsmuster auf einfache und intuitive Weise visualisiert. Die Integration in die HASKI-Umgebung und Moodle gewährleistet eine nahtlose Einbindung der Anwendung in bestehende Lernumgebungen, wodurch sich der Nutzen weiter steigert. In künftigen Entwicklungsstufen könnten zusätzliche Visualisierungsoptionen und Funktionen integriert werden, um das System weiter zu optimieren und an die Bedürfnisse der Nutzer anzupassen. N2 - In the current educational landscape, adaptive university teaching is becoming increasingly relevant, as traditional teaching methods are often no longer sufficient to meet the individual needs of students. The HEKATE project aims to effectively visualise the findings from the HASKI system, an innovative approach to personalised learning support based on AI and machine learning. HEKATE complements the HASKI system by developing a dashboard that enables a transparent and comprehensible visualisation of learning style data. The aim of the project is to implement a visualisation solution that is characterised by a high level of user-friendliness and performance and adequately depicts all relevant learning and usage data of students. The functional requirements included the precise visualisation of learning style results, quiz and exercise results as well as the integration of the ARIADNE concept. Non-functional goals were also defined, which included a high level of user-friendliness, system security, short loading times and reliable data processing. Hekate offers significant added value for both students and teachers by visualising learning and usage patterns in a simple and intuitive way. The integration into the HASKI environment and Moodle ensures a seamless integration of the application into existing learning environments, which further increases the benefits. In future development stages, additional visualisation options and functions could be integrated in order to further optimise the system and adapt it to the needs of users. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-79221 PB - Regensburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hauser, Florian A1 - Staufer, Susanne A1 - Grabinger, Lisa A1 - Röhrl, Simon A1 - Mottok, Jürgen ED - Gómez Chova, Luis ED - González Martínez, Chelo ED - Lees, Joanna T1 - On the analysis of student learning strategies: using the LIST-K questionnaire ro generate ai-based individualized learning paths T2 - Proceedings of the 16th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI 2023), Seville, Spain, 11/13/2023 - 11/14/2023 N2 - This paper presents the results of a data collection with the LIST-K questionnaire. This questionnaire measures students’ learning strategies and shows which strategies are particularly dominant or rather weak. Learning strategies have long been a major area of research in educational science and psychology. In these disciplines, learning strategies are understood as intentional behaviors and cognitive skills that learners employ to effectively complete learning tasks, by selecting, acquiring, organizing, and integrating information into their existing knowledge for long-term retention. The LIST-K, developed by Klingsieck in 2018, was chosen for accessing learning strategies due to its thematic suitability, widespread use, and test economy. It covers a total of four main categories (i.e., cognitive strategies, metacognitive strategies, management of internal resources, and management of external resources), each of which are subdivided into further subscales. With a total of 39 items answered via a 5-step Likert scale, the LIST-K can cover the topic relatively comprehensively and at the same time be completed in a reasonable amount of time of approximately 10 minutes. The LIST-K was used as part of a combined data collection along with other questionnaires on their personal data, their preferences regarding certain learning elements, their learning style (i.e. the ILS), and personality (i.e. the BFI-10). A total of 207 students from different study programs participated via an online survey created using the survey tool "LimeSurvey". Participation in the study was voluntary, anonymously, and in compliance with the GDPR. Overall, the results of the LIST-K show that students are willing to work intensively on relevant topics intensively and to perform beyond the requirements of the course seeking additional learning material. At the same time, however, it is apparent that the organization of their own learning process could still be improved. For example, students start repeating content too late (mean=2.70; SD=0.92) and do not set goals for themselves and do not create a learning plan (mean=3.19; SD=0.90). They also learn without a schedule (mean=2.23; SD=0.97) and miss opportunities to learn together with other students (mean=3.17; SD=0.94). The findings of the data collection will be used to create an AI-based adaptive learning management system that will create individualized learning paths for students in their respective courses. From the results of the LIST-K, it appears that the adaptive learning management system should primarily support organizational aspects of student learning. Even small impulses (an individual schedule of when to learn what or a hierarchical structuring of the learning material) could help students to complete their courses more successfully and improve their learning. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2023.1147 SP - 4611 EP - 4620 PB - IATED ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dünnweber, Jan A1 - Sarkar, Amitrajit A1 - Puthiyadath, Vimal Kumar A1 - Barde, Omkar ED - Saeed, Khalid ED - Dvorský, Jiří T1 - A Tale of Four Cities - Improving Bus and Waste Collection Schedules in Practical Smart City Applications T2 - Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management N2 - Computer-based Improvements of waste collection and public transport procedures are often a part of smart city initiatives. When we envision an ideal bus network, it will primarily connect the most crowded bus stops. Similarly, an ideal waste collection vehicle will arrive at every container exactly at the time when it is fully loaded. Beyond doubt, this will reduce traffic and support environmentally friendly intentions like waste separation, as it will make more containers manageable. A difficulty of putting that vision into practice is that vehicles cannot always be where they are needed. Knowing the best time for arriving at a position is not insufficient for finding the optimal route. Therefore, we compare four different approaches to optimized routing: Regensburg, Christchurch, Malaysia, and Bangalore. Our analysis shows that the best schedules result from adapting field-tested routes frequently based on sensor measurements and route optimizing computations. KW - Smart city KW - Bus schedules KW - Waste management Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-84340-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84340-3_30 SP - 369 EP - 380 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stadler, Timo A1 - Sarkar, Amitrajit A1 - Dünnweber, Jan ED - Saeed, Khalid ED - Dvorský, Jiří T1 - Bus Demand Forecasting for Rural Areas Using XGBoost and Random Forest Algorithm T2 - CISIM2021: 20th International Conference on Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management Applications, September 24-26 2021, Ełk, Poland N2 - In recent years, mobility solutions have experienced a significant upswing. Consequently, it has increased the importance of forecasting the number of passengers and determining the associated demand for vehicles. We analyze all bus routes in a rural area in contrast to other work that predicts just a single bus route. Some differences in bus routes in rural areas compared to cities are highlighted and substantiated by a case study data using Roding, a town in the rural district of Cham in northern Bavaria, as an example. Data collected and we selected a random forest model that lets us determine the passenger demand, bus line effectiveness, or general user behavior. The prediction accuracy of the selected model is currently 87%. The collected data helps to build new mobility-as-a-service solutions, such as on-call buses or dynamic route optimizations, as we show with our simulation. KW - Transportation KW - Rural mobility KW - Prediction KW - Öffentlicher Personennahverkehr KW - Ländlicher Raum KW - Verkehrsnachfrage KW - Prognosemodell KW - Random Forest Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-84340-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84340-3_36 SP - 442 EP - 453 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Carbonelli, Cecilia A1 - Felderer, Michael A1 - Jung, Matthias A1 - Lobe, Elisabeth A1 - Lochau, Malte A1 - Luber, Sebastian A1 - Mauerer, Wolfgang A1 - Ramler, Rudolf A1 - Schäfer, Ina A1 - Schroth, Christoph ED - Exman, Iaakov ED - Perez-Castillo, Ricardo ED - Piattini, Mario ED - Felderer, Michael T1 - Challenges for Quantum Software Engineering: An Industrial Application Scenario Perspective T2 - Quantum Software: Aspects of Theory and System Design N2 - Quantum software is becoming a key enabler for applying quantum computing to industrial use cases. This poses challenges to quantum software engineering in providing efficient and effective means to develop such software. Eventually, this must be reliably achieved in time, on budget, and in quality, using sound and well-principled engineering approaches. Given that quantum computers are based on fundamentally different principles than classical machines, this raises the question if, how, and to what extent established techniques for systematically engineering software need to be adapted. In this chapter, we analyze three paradigmatic application scenarios for quantum software engineering from an industrial perspective. The respective use cases center around (1) optimization and quantum cloud services, (2) quantum simulation, and (3) embedded quantum computing. Our aim is to provide a concise overview of the current and future applications of quantum computing in diverse industrial settings. We derive presumed challenges for quantum software engineering and thus provide research directions for this emerging field. KW - industrial use cases KW - quantum computing KW - quantum software engineering KW - software development KW - software engineering Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-3-031-64135-0 SN - 978-3-031-64136-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-64136-7_12 PB - Springer-Nature ER - TY - INPR A1 - Ammermann, Joshua A1 - Mauerer, Wolfgang A1 - Schäfer, Ina T1 - Towards View-based Development of Quantum Software N2 - Quantum computing is an interdisciplinary field that relies on the expertise of many different stakeholders. The views of various stakeholders on the subject of quantum computing may differ, thereby complicating communication. To address this, we propose a view-based quantum development approach based on a Single Underlying Model (SUM) and a supporting quantumIntegrated Development Environment (IDE). We highlight emerging challenges for future research. KW - Quantum Computing KW - View-based Development KW - Integrated Development Environment Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Biersack, Stefan A1 - Schmailzl, Marc A1 - Linner, Thomas A1 - Eder, Friedrich A1 - Obergrießer, Mathias ED - Schermer, Detleff ED - Brehm, Eric T1 - Von der Handarbeit zur Hochtechnologie im Reallabor: Die Möglichkeit der BIM-basierten Planung und effizienten Produktion von Ziegelwänden durch Roboter T2 - Mauerwerk-Kalender 2025 KW - Mauerwerk KW - Mauerwerksbau Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-3-433-03445-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/9783433612019.ch7 VL - 2025 PB - Ernst & Sohn ET - 1. Aufl ER -