TY - JOUR A1 - Curbach, Janina A1 - Lander, Jonas A1 - Dierks, Marie-Luise A1 - Grepmeier, Eva-Maria A1 - von Sommoggy, Julia T1 - How do health professionals translate evidence on early childhood allergy prevention into health literacy-responsive practice? BT - A protocol for a mixed-method study on the views of German health professionals JF - BMJ OPEN N2 - Introduction Paediatricians, general practitioners (GPs) and midwives in primary care are important sources of information for parents on early childhood allergy prevention (ECAP). Research has shown that preventive counselling by health professionals can be effective in improving patients' health literacy (HL) and health behaviour. Providing effective advice relies on two factors. First, health professionals need be up-to-date with research evidence on ECAP, to consider popular misconceptions and fears and to translate this knowledge into clear recommendations for parents (knowledge translation). Second, they need to know and apply counselling techniques and create a practice setting which accommodates parental HL needs (health literacy-responsive care). The objective of this study is to explore and assess how German health professionals take up and translate ECAP evidence into appropriate recommendations for parents, how they consider HL in counselling and practice organisation and what barriers and enablers they find in their performance of HL-responsive ECAP. Methods and analysis The study has a sequential mixed-method design, in two phases. In the first phase, qualitative semi-structured expert interviews will be conducted with health professionals (paediatricians, GPs and midwives) at primary care level and professional policy level. Data collection is ongoing until January 2022. In the second phase, based on the qualitative results, a standardised questionnaire will be developed, and pilot-tested in a wider population of German health professionals. The findings of both phases will be integrated. Ethics and dissemination The study has received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of the University of Regensburg (18-1205-101). The results will be published in international peer-reviewed open access journals and via presentations at scientific conferences. The results will also be shared with German health professionals, decision-makers and potential funders of interventions. KW - FOOD ALLERGY KW - INTERVENTION KW - MINDLINES KW - PERCEPTIONS KW - PERSPECTIVES KW - PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY KW - preventive medicine KW - PRIMARY-CARE KW - public health KW - qualitative research KW - social medicine Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047733 N1 - Corresponding author: Janina Curbach VL - 11 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - BMJ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berndt, Dominik A1 - Muggli, Josef A1 - Heckel, Robert A1 - Rahiman, Mohd Fuad A1 - Lindner, Matthias A1 - Heinrich, Stephan A1 - Plöchinger, Heinz A1 - Schreiner, Rupert T1 - A Robust Miniaturized Gas Sensor for H₂ and CO₂ Detection Based on the 3ω Method JF - Sensors N2 - Gas concentration monitoring is essential in industrial or life science areas in order to address safety-relevant or process-related questions. Many of the sensors used in this context are based on the principle of thermal conductivity. The 3ω-method is a very accurate method to determine the thermal properties of materials. It has its origin in the thermal characterization of thin solid films. To date, there have been very few scientific investigations using this method to determine the thermal properties of gases and to apply it to gas measurement technology. In this article, we use two exemplary gases (H2 and CO2) for a systematical investigation of this method in the context of gas analysis. To perform our experiments, we use a robust, reliable sensing element that is already well established in vacuum measurement technology. This helix-shaped thin wire of tungsten exhibits high robustness against chemical and mechanical influences. Our setup features a compact measurement environment, where sensor operation and data acquisition are integrated into a single device. The experimental results show a good agreement with a simplified analytical model and FEM simulations. The sensor exhibits a lower detection limit of 0.62% in the case of CO2, and only 0.062% in case the of H2 at an excitation frequency of 1 Hz. This is one of the lowest values reported in literature for thermal conductivity H2 sensors. KW - 3ω-method KW - CO2 sensor KW - H2 sensor KW - thermal gas sensor Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020485 N1 - Corresponding author: Dominik J. Berndt VL - 22 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steininger, Peter A1 - Gaderer, Matthias A1 - Steffens, Oliver A1 - Dawoud, Belal T1 - Experimental and Numerical Study on the Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Newly-Developed Solar Active Thermal Insulation System JF - Buildings N2 - A newly-developed solar active thermal insulation system (SATIS) is introduced with the main objective to accomplish a highly-dependent total solar transmittance on the irradiation angle. SATIS is also designed to obtain the maximum transmittance at a prescribed design irradiation angle and to reduce it remarkably at higher irradiation angles. A purely mineral thermal insulation plaster with micro hollow glass spheres is applied to manufacture the investigated SATIS prototype. Light-conducting elements (LCEs) have been introduced into SATIS and suitable closing elements have been applied. The SATIS prototype has been investigated both experimentally and numerically. It turned out that the contributions of conduction, radiation and convection to the effective thermal conductivity of SATIS, without the closing elements (49 mWmK), amount to 86.2%, 13.2% and 0.6%, respectively. The angle-dependent short-wave radiation exchange within the LCE has been investigated via ray tracing. At the incidence angle of 19% (design angle), 27% of the radiation within the LCE is absorbed by the absorber plate, resulting in measured and computed total solar energy transmittances of 11.2%/11.7%, respectively. For a typical summer irradiation angle of 60%, 98% of the incident radiation is absorbed by the surfaces at the entrance of the LCE. The corresponding total solar energy transmittance amounts to 2.9%. KW - angle-dependent total solar energy transmittance KW - effective thermal conductivity KW - experimental investigation KW - numerical simulation KW - ray tracing KW - solar active thermal insulation system (SATIS) Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11030123 N1 - Corresponding author: Belal Dawoud VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 22 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gamisch, Bernd A1 - Gaderer, Matthias A1 - Dawoud, Belal T1 - On the Development of Thermochemical Hydrogen Storage: An Experimental Study of the Kinetics of the Redox Reactions under Different Operating Conditions JF - Applied Sciences N2 - This work aims at investigating the reduction/oxidation (redox) reaction kinetics on iron oxide pellets under different operating conditions of thermochemical hydrogen storage. In order to reduce the iron oxide pellets (90% Fe2O3, 10% stabilizing cement), hydrogen (H2) is applied in different concentrations with nitrogen (N2), as a carrier gas, at temperatures between between 700 ∘C and 900 ∘C, thus simulating the charging phase. The discharge phase is triggered by the flow of a mixture out of steam (H2O) and N2 at different concentrations in the same temperature range, resulting in the oxidizing of the previously reduced pellets. All investigations were carried out in a thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA) with a flow rate of 250mL/min. To describe the obtained kinetic results, a simplified analytical model, based on the linear driving force model, was developed. The investigated iron oxide pellets showed a stable redox performance of 23.8% weight reduction/gain, which corresponds to a volumetric storage density of 2.8kWh/(L bulk), also after the 29 performed redox cycles. Recalling that there is no H2 stored during the storage phase but iron, the introduced hydrogen storage technology is deemed very promising for applications in urban areas as day-night or seasonal storage for green hydrogen. KW - hydrogen storage KW - iron/iron oxide KW - reaction kinetics KW - redox reactions Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/app11041623 N1 - Corresponding author: Belal Dawoud VL - 11 IS - 4 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prem, Nina A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Mini-Extruder for 3D Magnetoactive Polymer Printing JF - Advances in Materials Science and Engineering N2 - This work describes the development of a new miniature extruder, essential to cavity-free 3D printing of silicone-based smart materials. This makes the 3D printing of magnetoactive and electroactive polymer soft robotic components and devices directly from CAD data possible. The special feature of such an extruder is that it is designed for use with addition-crosslinking RTV-2 silicones, including solid particulate additives. The extruder merges the respective components automatically during extrusion which obviates the need for premixing and vacuum evacuation. Problems associated with inhomogeneities and unwanted cavity production are consequently eliminated. Rheological details necessary to the design, together with some preliminary performance results, are presented. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8715718 N1 - Corresponding author: Gareth J. Monkman SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - HINDAWI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dechant, Eduard A1 - Fedulov, Feodor A1 - Fetisov, Leonid Y. A1 - Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail T1 - Bandwidth Widening of Piezoelectric Cantilever Beam Arrays by Mass-Tip Tuning for Low-Frequency Vibration Energy Harvesting JF - Applied Science N2 - Wireless sensor networks usually rely on internal permanent or rechargeable batteries as a power supply, causing high maintenance efforts. An alternative solution is to supply the entire system by harvesting the ambient energy, for example, by transducing ambient vibrations into electric energy by virtue of the piezoelectric effect. The purpose of this paper is to present a simple engineering approach for the bandwidth optimization of vibration energy harvesting systems comprising multiple piezoelectric cantilevers (PECs). The frequency tuning of a particular cantilever is achieved by changing the tip mass. It is shown that the bandwidth enhancement by mass tuning is limited and requires several PECs with close resonance frequencies. At a fixed frequency detuning between subsequent PECs, the achievable bandwidth shows a saturation behavior as a function of the number of cantilevers used. Since the resonance frequency of each PEC is different, the output voltages at a particular excitation frequency have different amplitudes and phases. A simple power-transfer circuit where several PECs with an individual full wave bridge rectifier are connected in parallel allows one to extract the electrical power close to the theoretical maximum excluding the diode losses. The experiments performed on two- and three-PEC arrays show reasonable agreement with simulations and demonstrate that this power-transfer circuit additionally influences the frequency dependence of the harvested electrical power. KW - array KW - BAND-PASS FILTERS KW - bandwidth KW - BIMORPH KW - Optimization KW - OUTPUT KW - PERFORMANCE KW - piezoelectric cantilever KW - POWER KW - vibration energy harvesting Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/app7121324 N1 - Corresponding Author: Mikhail Shamonin VL - 7 IS - 12 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris T1 - A Critical View on Environmental and Human Risk Acceptance Criteria JF - International Journal of Environmental Science and Development N2 - Natural and technological hazards have a major impact on environmental and human safety. Risk assessment plays an essential role in the risk management of the effects of such hazards. This contribution summarizes first the general formulation of risk depending on two parameters: hazard probability and associated consequences. Problems faced in industrial applications based on the experience of the author are discussed. Risk acceptance criteria for the contributors to risk i.e. human, economic and environment are critically reviewed. Resilience based criteria are also included and conclusions for future developments are provided. KW - Environmental risk KW - human risk KW - Risk acceptance KW - Risk analysis KW - safety measures Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2017.8.1.921 N1 - Corresponding author: Dimitris Diamantidis VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 62 EP - 66 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kreitmeier, Florian A1 - Chashin, Dmitri V. A1 - Fetisov, Yuri K. A1 - Fetisov, Leonid Y. A1 - Schulz, Irene A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail T1 - Nonlinear Magnetoelectric Response of Planar Ferromagnetic-Piezoelectric Structures to Sub-Millisecond Magnetic Pulses JF - Sensors N2 - The magnetoelectric response of bi- and symmetric trilayer composite structures to pulsed magnetic fields is experimentally investigated in detail. The structures comprise layers of commercially available piezoelectric (lead zirconate titanate) and magnetostrictive (permendur or nickel) materials. The magnetic-field pulses have the form of a half-wave sine function with duration of 450 µs and amplitudes ranging from 500 Oe to 38 kOe. The time dependence of the resulting voltage is presented and explained by theoretical estimations. Appearance of voltage oscillations with frequencies much larger than the reciprocal pulse length is observed for sufficiently large amplitudes (~1-10 kOe) of the magnetic-field pulse. The origin of these oscillations is the excitation of bending and planar acoustic oscillations in the structures. Dependencies of the magnetoelectric voltage coefficient on the excitation frequency and the applied magnetic field are calculated by digital signal processing and compared with those obtained by the method of harmonic field modulation. The results are of interest for developing magnetoelectric sensors of pulsed magnetic fields as well as for rapid characterization of magnetoelectric composite structures. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s121114821 N1 - Corresponding author: Mikhail Shamonin VL - 12 IS - 11 SP - 14821 EP - 14837 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Apelsmeier, Andreas A1 - Gleixner, Ramona A1 - Mayer, Matthias A1 - Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail A1 - Schmauss, Bernhard T1 - Intensity referencing in an extrinsic optical fiber temperature sensor JF - Procedia Engineering N2 - Optical fiber sensors based on intensity measurement require some form of intensity referencing to avoid errors arising from parasitic losses. Known techniques of referencing such as balanced bridge, divided beam systems or two-wavelength referencing are not suitable for low-cost applications since they use relatively complicated optical components such as multiple LED sources, couplers, filters etc. In this work a novel method of referencing in an extrinsic optical fiber sensor system utilizing temperature dependence of absorption edge in a semiconductor crystal is described. The sensor system comprises a single LED source and no optical fiber junctions. The emission spectrum of an LED depends on its temperature. The reference is provided by controlling the temperature of an LED source and transmission measurements with different emission spectra. The entire process is controlled by a microprocessor unit. Performance of a sensor system is investigated and it is shown that the losses in connectors may be compensated for. KW - Extrinsic optical fiber sensor KW - Intensity referencing KW - Temperature measurement KW - Absorption edge KW - Semiconductor KW - Hot-spot measurement Y1 - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2010.09.301 VL - 5 SP - 1095 EP - 1098 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Prem, Nina A1 - Szecsey, Tamara T1 - Smart Stiction JF - Robotics & Automation Engineering Journal N2 - Soft robotics could loosely be described as the engineering science of expanded dexterity through controllable flexibility. The exploitation of controllable compliance through the judicious choice of soft flexible members, as opposed to a finite number of rigid kinematic joints, can result in greater dexterity without compromising simplicity. One example is the replacement of segmented mechanical legs with simple compliant material eruciform prolegs. To achieve this in robotics, without introducing additional mechanical joints, mobile surfaces with switchable coefficients of friction is essential. This paper explains how, using silicone based smart materials, the rapid alternation between kinematic and static friction (stiction) may be achieved. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.19080/RAEJ.2019.04.555641 N1 - Corresponding author: Gareth J. Monkman VL - 4 IS - 4 PB - Juniper Publishers ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Frank T1 - Human Experience Versus Rule Decision at Krones AG JF - Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research N2 - Final assembly at Krones AG must make the best possible use of its production space and meeting the specified customer due dates is critical. Via a self developed simulation tool, the present scheduling procedure is compared with the one by priority rule shortest slack. As a consequence slack should have a higher importance in the planning KW - Simulation of Scheduling KW - Tardiness KW - Unused Area Y1 - 2022 UR - https://biomedres.us/pdfs/BJSTR.MS.ID.006691.pdf U6 - https://doi.org/10.26717/BJSTR.2022.42.006691 SN - 2574 -1241 N1 - Corressponding author: Frank Herrmann VL - 42 IS - 1 SP - 33255 EP - 33260 PB - Biomedical Research Network+ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Göppel, Simon A1 - Frikel, Jürgen A1 - Haltmeier, Markus T1 - Data-Proximal Complementary ℓ1-TV Reconstruction for Limited Data Computed Tomography JF - Mathematics N2 - In a number of tomographic applications, data cannot be fully acquired, resulting in severely underdetermined image reconstruction. Conventional methods in such cases lead to reconstructions with significant artifacts. To overcome these artifacts, regularization methods are applied that incorporate additional information. An important example is TV reconstruction, which is known to be efficient in compensating for missing data and reducing reconstruction artifacts. On the other hand, tomographic data are also contaminated by noise, which poses an additional challenge. The use of a single regularizer must therefore account for both the missing data and the noise. A particular regularizer may not be ideal for both tasks. For example, the TV regularizer is a poor choice for noise reduction over multiple scales, in which case ℓ1 curvelet regularization methods are well suited. To address this issue, in this paper, we present a novel variational regularization framework that combines the advantages of different regularizers. The basic idea of our framework is to perform reconstruction in two stages. The first stage is mainly aimed at accurate reconstruction in the presence of noise, and the second stage is aimed at artifact reduction. Both reconstruction stages are connected by a data proximity condition. The proposed method is implemented and tested for limited-view CT using a combined curvelet–TV approach. We define and implement a curvelet transform adapted to the limited-view problem and illustrate the advantages of our approach in numerical experiments. KW - image reconstruction KW - limited data KW - artifact reduction KW - sparse regularization KW - total variation KW - wedge-adapted curvelets Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/math12101606 SN - 2227-7390 N1 - Corresponding author der OTH Regensburg: Jürgen Frikel (und Markus Haltmeier) VL - 12 IS - 10 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huber, Lea A1 - Heindl, Melanie A1 - Schlosser, Marc A1 - Pfitzner, Arno A1 - Dawoud, Belal T1 - On the Cycle Stability and Macroscopic Structure of Iron Oxide Pellets for Thermochemical Hydrogen Storage: Influence of Water Content during the Pelletizing Process JF - Applied Sciences N2 - Hydrogen storage based on the repeated reduction and oxidation (redox) reactions of iron oxide/iron composites represents a promising technology. This work is dedicated to studying the influence of the amount of water added during the pelletizing process on the cycle stability and structure of iron oxide pellets. The storage composites were prepared from iron oxide (Fe2O3) and 10 wt.-% support material (cement) with different amounts of water (18 and 33 wt.-%) in a laboratory-scale pelletizing disk. To evaluate the cycle stability of the composites, the kinetics of the redox reactions were experimentally measured at 800 ∘ C in an atmosphere of 50% N2 and 50% H2 (reduction) or 50% steam (oxidation), respectively. Moreover, the structure of the pellets was analyzed by micro-computed tomography scans. It turned out that pellets with higher water contents attained faster kinetics and a higher cycle stability. The sample with the least water content (18 wt.-%) needed about 26 min and 19 min to reach a conversion rate of 80% during the reduction and oxidation reactions of the sixth redox cycle, respectively. In contrast, the sample with the highest water content (33 wt.-%) could achieve the same conversion rate after 18 min (reduction) and 13 min (oxidation) during the ninth redox cycle. KW - hydrogen storage KW - redox reactions KW - iron/iron oxide KW - pelletizing process KW - cycle stability KW - water content Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/app13116408 N1 - Corresponding author: Belal Dawoud VL - 13 IS - 11 PB - MDPI CY - 16 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schiek, Roland T1 - Nonlinear refractive index in silica glass JF - Optical Materials Expres N2 - The third-order nonlinear susceptibility of silica glass is measured via self-phase modulation in standard single mode fibers at a wavelength of 1550 nm. To minimize the influence of polarization state changes along the propagation only meter-long fibers were investigated. With pulse durations of picoseconds a quasi-instantaneous nonlinearity with ultrafast electronic and fast nuclear-vibration contributions produces under conditions of negligible dispersion a classic and clean nonlinear phase shift following exactly the shape of the pulse power. The complex pulse envelope was retrieved from frequency optical gating spectrograms. The nonlinear fiber parameter γ could be determined with an accuracy of 3.7 percent. Considering the mode field structure and the doping influence the nonlinear refractive index of silica glass as the fiber base material was found to be n 2 =2.22⋅10 −16 cm 2 W±6.0% for picosecond-long pulses. Comparing nonlinear phase shifts from linear and circular polarized light a nuclear-vibration contribution to the cubic fiber nonlinearity of 25 percent was estimated. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1364/ome.489520 N1 - Corresponding author: Roland Schiek VL - 13 IS - 6 SP - 1727 EP - 1740 PB - Optica ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steininger, Peter A1 - Gaderer, Matthias A1 - Dawoud, Belal T1 - Assessment of the Annual Transmission Heat Loss Reduction of a Refurbished Existing Building with an Advanced Solar Selective Thermal Insulation System JF - Sustainability N2 - A numerical parameter sensitivity analysis of the design parameters of the recently published solar selective thermal insulation system (SATIS) has been carried out to enhance its thermal and optical properties. It turned out that the insulation properties of SATIS can be effectively improved by reducing the length of the glass closure element. Increasing the area share of the light conducting elements (LCEs) and decreasing their length-to-diameter (L/D) ratio were identified as key parameters in order to increase the solar gain. Two SATIS variants were compared with the same wall insulation without SATIS in a yearly energetic performance assessment. The SATIS variant with 10 mm length of the closure element, 44.2% area share of LCE, as well as front and rear diameters of 12 mm/9 mm shows an 11.8% lower transmission heat loss over the heating period than the wall insulation without SATIS. A new methodology was developed to enable the implementation of the computed solar gains of SATIS in 1D simulation tools. The result is a radiant heat flow map for integration as a heat source in 1D simulation models. A comparison between the 1D and 3D models of the inside wall heat fluxes showed an integral yearly agreement of 98%. KW - effective thermal conductivity KW - parameter sensitivity analysis KW - radiant heat flow map KW - solar selective thermal insulation system (SATIS) KW - total solar energy transmittance KW - yearly energetic performance assessment Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137336 N1 - Corresponding author: Belal Dawoud VL - 13 IS - 13 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Said, Nadia A1 - Engelhart, Michael A1 - Kirches, Christian A1 - Körkel, Stefan A1 - Holt, Daniel V. T1 - Applying mathematical optimization methods to an ACT-R instance-based learning model JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Computational models of cognition provide an interface to connect advanced mathematical tools and methods to empirically supported theories of behavior in psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience. In this article, we consider a computational model of instance-based learning, implemented in the ACT-R cognitive architecture. We propose an approach for obtaining mathematical reformulations of such cognitive models that improve their computational tractability. For the well-established Sugar Factory dynamic decision making task, we conduct a simulation study to analyze central model parameters. We show how mathematical optimization techniques can be applied to efficiently identify optimal parameter values with respect to different optimization goals. Beyond these methodological contributions, our analysis reveals the sensitivity of this particular task with respect to initial settings and yields new insights into how average human performance deviates from potential optimal performance. We conclude by discussing possible extensions of our approach as well as future steps towards applying more powerful derivative-based optimization methods. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158832 VL - 11 IS - 7 PB - PLOS ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sindersberger, Dirk A1 - Prem, Nina A1 - Monkman, Gareth J. T1 - Structure formation in low concentration magnetoactive polymers JF - AIP advances N2 - This paper concerns recent research into the autonomous formation of micro-structures in low carbonyl iron powder (CIP) concentration magneto active polymers (MAP). Higher concentrations of CIP show an isotropic distribution of magnetic filler throughout the entire sample, while autonomous structure formation is possible at mass concentrations lower than 3%. The formation of micro-toroids commences as CIP concentration approaches 1% wt. Further development of coherent rings with a defined order follow as CIP concentrations increase toward 2% wt, whilst exceeding 3% wt leads to the same isotropic distribution found in higher concentration MAP. Structured samples containing between 1% wt and 3% wt CIP were investigated using X-Ray tomography where solitary structures could clearly be observed. The ring structures represent microinductivities whose geometries can be manipulated during fabrication. In addition, these structures are magnetic field sensitive. This is not only relevant to applications in the GHz and THz areas but recent research has revealed implications for optical, thermal, acoustic and even chemical MAP sensors. (C) 2019 Author(s). Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5079997 N1 - Corresponding author: Dirk Sindersberger VL - 9 IS - 3 PB - AIP Publishing ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frazzica, Andrea A1 - Brancato, Vincenza A1 - Dawoud, Belal T1 - Unified Methodology to Identify the Potential Application of Seasonal Sorption Storage Technology JF - Energies N2 - In this study, the definition of a new methodology for a preliminary evaluation of the working boundary conditions under which a seasonal thermal energy storage (STES) system operates is described. The approach starts by considering the building features as well as the reference heating system in terms of solar thermal collectors’ technology, ambient heat sinks/source, and space heating distribution systems employed. Furthermore, it is based on a deep climatic analysis of the place where the STES needs to be installed, to identify both winter and summer operating conditions. In particular, the STES energy density is evaluated considering different space heating demands covered by the STES (ranging from 10% up to 60%). The obtained results demonstrate that this approach allows for the careful estimation of the achievable STES density, which is varies significantly both with the space heating coverage guaranteed by the STES as well as with the ambient heat source/sink that is employed in the system. This confirms the need for careful preliminary analysis to avoid the overestimation of the STES material volume. The proposed approach was then applied for different climatic conditions (e.g., Germany and Sweden) and the volume of one of the most attractive composite sorbent materials reported in the literature, i.e., multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)-LiCl, using water as the working fluid, needed for covering the variable space heating demand in a Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB) was calculated. In the case of Swedish buildings, it ranges from about 3.5 m3 when 10% of the space heating demand is provided by the STES, up to 11.1 m3 when 30% of the space heating demand is provided by the STES. KW - seasonal thermal storage KW - composite sorbents KW - operating conditions Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/en13051037 VL - 13 IS - 5 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - MPDI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hager, Markus A1 - Seitz, Jochen A1 - Waas, Thomas T1 - Literature Survey on Recent Progress in Inter-Vehicle Communication Simulations JF - Journal of Transportation Technologies N2 - The vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) technology based on the approved IEEE 802.11p standard and the appendant inter-vehicle communication (IVC) has the potential to dramatically change the way transportation systems work. The fundamental idea is to change the individual behavior of each vehicle by exchanging information among traffic participants to realize a cooperative and more efficient ransportation system. Certainly, the evaluation of such systems is a comprehensive and challenging task in a real world test bed, therefore, simulation frameworks are a key tool to analyze IVC. Several models are needed to emulate the real behavior of a VANET in all aspects as much realistically as necessary. The intention of this survey is to provide a comprehensive overview of publications concerning IVC simulations of the year 2013 and to see how IVC simulation has changed since 2009. Based on this analysis, we will answer the following questions: What simulation techniques are applied to IVC? Which aspects of IVS have been evaluated? What has changed within five years of IVC simulations? We also take a closer look at commonly used software tools and discuss their functionality and drawbacks. Finally, we present open questions concerning IVC simulations. KW - Inter-Vehicle Communication KW - Simulation KW - Survey Y1 - 2015 UR - https://file.scirp.org/pdf/JTTs_2015071315165413.pdf U6 - https://doi.org/10.4236/jtts.2015.53015 VL - Vol. 5 IS - 3 SP - 159 EP - 168 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weber, Felix A1 - Huber, Peter A1 - Borchsenius, Fredrik A1 - Braun, Christian T1 - Performance of TMDI for Tall Building Damping JF - Actuators N2 - This study investigates the vibration reduction of tall wind-excited buildings using a tuned mass damper (TMD) with an inerter (TMDI). The performance of the TMDI is computed as a function of the floor to which the inerter is grounded as this parameter strongly influences the vibration reduction of the building and for the case when the inerter is grounded to the earth whereby the absolute acceleration of the corresponding inerter terminal is zero. Simulations are made for broadband and harmonic excitations of the first three bending modes, and the conventional TMD is used as a benchmark. It is found that the inerter performs best when grounded to the earth because, then, the inerter force is in proportion to the absolute acceleration of only the pendulum mass, but not to the relative acceleration of the two inerter terminals, which is demonstrated by the mass matrix. However, if the inerter is grounded to a floor below the pendulum mass, the TMDI only outperforms the TMD if the inerter is grounded to a floor within approximately the first third of the building’s height. For the most realistic case, where the inerter is grounded to a floor in the vicinity of the pendulum mass, the TMDI performs far worse than the classical TMD. KW - damping KW - inerter KW - simulation KW - tall building KW - TMD KW - TMDI KW - wind excitation Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/act9040139 VL - 9 IS - 4 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - MPDI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abhijit Sen, Kwantlen A1 - Baumgartner, Laura A1 - Heiß, Katharina A1 - Wagner, Cornelia T1 - DevOps paradigm BT - a pedagogical approach to manage and implement IT project JF - Issues in Information Systems N2 - DevOps, the widely used term in software industry, integrates the Development and IT Operations activities to frequently deliver, deploy, and release quality software features. DevOps approach emphasizes collaboration among Developments and IT operations teams throughout System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). The DevOps process is supported by wide variety of tool chains for various phases of SDLC. There exist many DevOps models. However, in this paper authors use a simple four phase pedagogical models to demonstrate principles of DevOps. In this paper authors attempt to show how DevOps principles can effectively be used to manage and implement business problems in classroom setting. Specifically, DevOps methodology is applied to manage develop and implement a small web application. This pedagogical approach is specially aimed at students who do not have prior experiences and skillsets in applying DevOps methodology and associated toolsets to every stages of SDLC. At the conclusion of the project, students gained valuable insights on how to apply DevOps principles to business problems and to select and use commonly used state of the arts tools to plan, manage, build, test, monitor, deploy tasks at every stages of DevOps. The authors also discuss the limitations and practical issues related to implementing DevOps within classroom settings. KW - Continuous delivery KW - Continuous Deployment KW - Continuous integration KW - Continuous Monitoring KW - DevOps KW - SDLC KW - KPIs Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48009/4_iis_2021_117-133 SN - 1529-7314 VL - 22 IS - 4 SP - 110 EP - 125 PB - International Association for Computer Information Systems ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kenner, Susanne A1 - Thaler, Raphael A1 - Kucera, Markus A1 - Volbert, Klaus A1 - Waas, Thomas T1 - Comparison of Smart Grid architectures for monitoring and analyzing power grid data via Modbus and REST JF - EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems N2 - Smart grid, smart metering, electromobility, and the regulation of the power network are keywords of the transition in energy politics. In the future, the power grid will be smart. Based on different works, this article presents a data collection, analyzing, and monitoring software for a reference smart grid. We discuss two possible architectures for collecting data from energy analyzers and analyze their performance with respect to real-time monitoring, load peak analysis, and automated regulation of the power grid. In the first architecture, we analyze the latency, needed bandwidth, and scalability for collecting data over the Modbus TCP/IP protocol and in the second one over a RESTful web service. The analysis results show that the solution with Modbus is more scalable as the one with RESTful web service. However, the performance and scalability of both architectures are sufficient for our reference smart grid and use cases. KW - smart grid KW - real-time monitoring KW - Modbus KW - HTTP performance KW - Intelligentes Stromnetz KW - Referenzmodell KW - Monitoring Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13639-016-0045-7 VL - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bleninger, Sara A1 - Fürnrohr, Michael A1 - Kiesl, Hans A1 - Krämer, Walter A1 - Küchenhoff, Helmut A1 - Burgard, Jan Pablo A1 - Münnich, Ralf A1 - Rupp, Martin T1 - Kommentare und Erwiderung zu: Qualitätszielfunktionen für stark variierende Gemeindegrößen im Zensus 2021 JF - AStA Wirtschafts- und Sozialstatistisches Archiv N2 - Burgard et al. (2020) stellen in ihrem Artikel zu Qualitätszielfunktionen für stark variierende Gemeindegrößen im Zensus 2021 Erweiterungen der Stichproben- und Schätzmethoden des Zensus 2011 vor, die kleine Gemeinden unter 10.000 Einwohnern in den Entscheidungsprozess integrieren. Die Dringlichkeit zur Lösung dieses Problems wurde ebenso im Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts zur Volkszählung 2011 festgestellt. Ziel dieser Erwiderung ist eine eingehende Diskussion der Ergebnisse des vorangegangenen Beitrags mit namhaften Experten auf diesem Gebiet. Insbesondere geht es um eine Einordnung des Artikels in den Wissenschaftskontext (Krämer), die Bedeutung von Nichtstichprobenfehlern für den Zensus (Küchenhoff), den Zensus aus Sicht der Amtsstatistik (Bleninger und Fürnrohr) sowie aus statistisch-methodischer Sicht (Kiesl). Darüber hinaus werden aktuelle Entwicklungen vorgestellt. T2 - Comments and rejoinder: quality measures respecting highly varying community sizes within the 2021 German Census KW - Zensus KW - Ermittlung der Einwohnerzahl KW - Qualitätsmessung KW - Optimale Allokation KW - Total Survey Error Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11943-019-00264-6 VL - 14 SP - 67 EP - 98 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brabenec, Tomas A1 - Poborsky, Frantisek A1 - Saßmannshausen, Sean Patrick T1 - The Difference between Preferred & Common Stocks in Europe from the Market Perspective JF - Journal of Competitiveness N2 - Companies listed on the stock market must devote a great deal of attention to their market position. They must increase their competitive advantage in the undeniably key process of the issuance of stocks. As the issuance of preferred stocks has increased after the last crisis and in the current period of low interest rates in Europe, they are becoming more favoured investment instruments, we decided to analyse the real properties of preferred stocks in Europe in order to increase the efficiency of joint-stock companies. Using a dataset comprising all companies having both common and preferred stocks issued and traded on European markets between 2009- 2016, we determined the relationship of risk (measured by beta coefficients) and price volatility among common and preferred stocks and bonds in Europe. Our findings show beta coefficients of preferred stocks as systematically lower than beta coefficients of common stocks. Considering a difference of up to 10% as negligible, however, preferred stocks showed a similar or higher beta coefficient than corresponding common stocks of the same company in 53% of cases, whereas for 33% of cases, the difference is only ±10%. Coefficients of variation in prices showed a similar relationship, with only a negligible portion of preferred stocks bearing fixed (stable) dividends. This result implies that currently traded preferred stocks in Europe in fact do not possess such characteristics they are typically said to have, and in many cases they incur as comparable a risk as do common stocks. This essential information should help to increase the efficiency and competitiveness of joint-stock companies. KW - preferred stocks KW - common stocks KW - beta coefficient KW - stock valuation KW - competitiveness Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2020.03.04 VL - 12 IS - 3 SP - 64 EP - 81 PB - Tomas Bata University in Zlín ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kurzweil, Peter A1 - Scheuerpflug, Wolfgang T1 - State-of-charge monitoring and battery diagnosis of different lithium ion chemistries using impedance spectroscopy JF - Batteries N2 - For lithium iron phosphate batteries (LFP) in aerospace applications, impedance spectroscopy is applicable in the flat region of the voltage-charge curve. The frequency-dependent pseudocapacitance at 0.15 Hz is presented as useful state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH) indicator. For the same battery type, the prediction error of pseudocapacitance is better than 1% for a quadratic calibration curve, and less than 36% for a linear model. An approximately linear correlation between pseudocapacitance and Ah battery capacity is observed as long as overcharge and deep discharge are avoided. We verify the impedance method in comparison to the classical constant-current discharge measurements. In the case of five examined lithium-ion chemistries, the linear trend of impedance and SOC is lost if the slope of the discharge voltage curve versus SOC changes. With nickel manganese cobalt (NMC), high impedance modulus correlates with high SOC above 70%. KW - battery life testing KW - capacitance KW - lithium-ion battery KW - state-of-charge determination KW - state-of-health KW - pseudocharge KW - impedance spectroscopy KW - aging Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries7010017 VL - 7 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schiek, Roland A1 - Baronio, Fabio T1 - Spatial Akhmediev breathers and modulation instability growth-decay cycles in a quadratic optical medium JF - Physical Review Research N2 - We investigate the spatial nonlinear localization of light on a quasi-plane-wave background with a harmonic perturbation induced by modulation instability in a quadratic nonlinear optical medium. In particular, we demonstrate experimentally the excitation of deterministic Akhmediev breathers and thus the growth-decay dynamics of modulation instability in a LiNbO3 slab waveguide. The results should stimulate new interest in modulation instability, extreme events, turbulence, recurrence, and supercontinuum generation in quadratic nonlinear optics. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.1.032036 VL - 1 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - American Physical Society ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Snarskii, Andrei A. A1 - Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail A1 - Yuskevich, Pavel T1 - Effective medium theory for the elastic properties of composite materials with various percolation thresholds JF - Materials N2 - It is discussed that the classical effective medium theory for the elastic properties of random heterogeneous materials is not congruous with the effective medium theory for the electrical conductivity. In particular, when describing the elastic and electro-conductive properties of a strongly inhomogeneous two-phase composite material, the steep rise of effective parameters occurs at different concentrations. To achieve the logical concordance between the cross-property relations, a modification of the effective medium theory of the elastic properties is introduced. It is shown that the qualitative conclusions of the theory do not change, while a possibility of describing a broader class of composite materials with various percolation thresholds arises. It is determined under what conditions there is an elasticity theory analogue of the Dykhne formula for the effective conductivity. The theoretical results are supported by known experiments and show improvement over the existing approach. The introduction of the theory with the variable percolation threshold paves the way for describing the magnetorheological properties of magnetoactive elastomers. A similar approach has been recently used for the description of magneto-dielectric and magnetic properties. KW - elastic properties KW - effective medium approximation KW - self-consistent KW - random heterogeneous medium KW - two-phase composite material KW - percolation threshold Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13051243 VL - 13 IS - 5 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - MPDI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gerhards, Helene ED - Mauer, Heike ED - Leinius, Johanna ED - Gerhards, Helene T1 - Von Patient*innenzellen und Patient*innenzahlen BT - Intersektionale Perspektiven auf biomedizinische Forschung T2 - Intersektionalität und Postkolonialität ; kritische feministische Perspektiven auf Politik und Macht Y1 - 2021 SN - 9783847424550 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3224/84742455 SP - 181 EP - 203 PB - Verlag Barbara Budrich CY - Opladen; Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kostrov, Sergei A. A1 - Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail A1 - Stepanov, Gennady V. A1 - Kramarenko, Elena Yu T1 - Magnetodielectric Response of Soft Magnetoactive Elastomers: Effects of Filler Concentration and Measurement Frequency JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - The magnetodielectric response of magnetoactive elastomers (MAEs) in its dependence on filler concentration, magnetic field, and test frequency is studied experimentally. MAEs are synthesized on the basis of a silicone matrix filled with spherical carbonyl iron particles characterized by a mean diameter of 4.5 mu m. The concentration of the magnetic filler within composite materials is equal to 70, 75, and 80 mass%. The effective lossless permittivity epsilon as well as the dielectric loss tan grow significantly when the magnetic field increases. The permittivity increases and the dielectric loss decreases with increasing filler concentration. In the measurement frequency range between 1 kHz and 200 kHz, the frequency hardly affects the values of epsilon and tan in the absence of a magnetic field. However, both parameters decrease considerably with the growing frequency in a constant magnetic field. The more strongly the magnetic field is applied, the larger the change in permittivity and loss tangent at the same test frequency is observed. An equivalent circuit formulation qualitatively describes the main tendencies of the magnetodielectric response. KW - dielectric loss KW - magnetic filler KW - MAGNETIC-FIELD KW - magnetoactive elastomers KW - magnetodielectric effect KW - permittivity Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092230 VL - 20 IS - 9 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zucchi, Jose William A1 - Franco, Estefania Aparecida Thome A1 - Schreck, Thomas A1 - Castro Silva, Maria Helena A1 - Migliorini, Sandro Rogério dos Santos A1 - Garcia, T. A1 - Mota, G. A. F. A1 - de Morais, Bruna Evelyn Bueno A1 - Machado, L. H. S. A1 - Batista, A. N. R. A1 - de Pavia, Sergio A1 - de Godoy, I. A1 - Tanni, Suzana T1 - Different Clusters in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) BT - A Two-Center Study in Brazil JF - International Journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease N2 - Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has a functional definition. However, differences in clinical characteristics and systemic manifestations make COPD a heterogeneous disease and some manifestations have been associated with different risks of acute exacerbations, hospitalizations, and death. Objective: Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate possible clinical clusters in COPD at two study centers in Brazil and identify the associated exacerbation and mortality rate during 1 year of follow-up. Methods: We included patients with COPD and all underwent an evaluation composed of the Charlson Index, body mass index (BMI), current pharmacological treatment, smoking history (packs-year), history of exacerbations/hospitalizations in the last year, spirometry, six-minute walking test (6MWT), quality of life questionnaires, dyspnea, and hospital anxiety and depression scale. Blood samples were also collected for measurements of C-reactive protein (CRP), blood gases, laboratory analysis, and blood count. For the construction of the clusters, 13 continuous variables of clinical importance were considered: hematocrit, CRP, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein, absolute number of peripheral eosinophils, age, pulse oximetry, BMI, forced expiratory volume in the first second, dyspnea, 6MWD, total score of the Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire and packs-year of smoking. We used the Ward and K-means methods and determined the best silhouette value to identify similarities of individuals within the cluster (cohesion) in relation to the other clusters (separation). The number of clusters was determined by the heterogeneity values of the cluster, which in this case was determined as four clusters. Results: We evaluated 301 COPD patients and identified four different groups of COPD patients. The first cluster (203 patients) was characterized by fewer symptoms and lower functional severity of the disease, the second cluster by higher values of peripheral eosinophils, the third cluster by more systemic inflammation and the fourth cluster by greater obstructive severity and worse gas exchange. Cluster 2 had an average of 959 3 peripheral eosinophils, cluster 3 had a higher prevalence of nutritional depletion (46.1%), and cluster 4 had a higher BODE index. Regarding the associated comorbidities, we found that only obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and pulmonary thromboembolism were more prevalent in cluster 4. Almost 50% of all patients presented an exacerbation during 1 year of follow-up. However, it was higher in cluster 4, with 65% of all patients having at least one exacerbation. The mortality rate was statistically higher in cluster 4, with 26.9%, vs 9.6% in cluster 1. Conclusion: We could identify four clinical different clusters in these COPD populations, that were related to different clinical manifestations, comorbidities, exacerbation, and mortality rate. We also identified a specific cluster with higher values of peripheral eosinophils. KW - AIRWAY DISEASE KW - BIOMARKERS KW - BLOOD EOSINOPHILS KW - cluster analysis KW - COMORBIDITIES KW - COPD KW - COPD phenotype KW - Dyspnea KW - eosinophils KW - Identification KW - Impact KW - inflammation KW - lung function KW - Overlap syndrome KW - Prevention Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S268332 VL - 15 SP - 2847 EP - 2856 PB - Dove Medical Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rösl, Gerhard A1 - Seitz, Franz A1 - Tödter, Karl-Heinz T1 - The Cost of Overcoming the Zero Lower-Bound: A Welfare Analysis JF - Economies N2 - To broaden the operational scope of monetary policy, several authors suggest cash abolition as an appropriate means of breaking through the zero lower-bound. We argue that the welfare costs of bypassing the zero lower-bound by getting rid of cash entirely are analytically equivalent to negative interest rates on cash holdings. Using a money-in-the-utility-function model, we measure in two ways the welfare loss consumers as money holders would be forced to bear once the zero lower-bound is broken: in terms of the amount needed to compensate consumers (compensated variation), and as excess burden (deadweight loss) imposed on the economy as a whole. We calibrated the model for the euro area and for Germany. Our findings suggest that the welfare losses of negative interest rates incurred by consumers as holders of cash and transaction balances (M3) are large and enduring, notably if implemented in the current low-interest rate environment. KW - compensating variation KW - deadweight loss KW - money in utility KW - negative interest rates KW - welfare loss KW - zero lower-bound Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/economies7030067 VL - 7 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vérez, David A1 - Borri, Emiliano A1 - Crespo, Alicia A1 - Zsembinszki, Gabriel A1 - Dawoud, Belal A1 - Cabeza, Luisa F. T1 - Experimental Study of a Small-Size Vacuum Insulated Water Tank for Building Applications JF - Sustainability N2 - Insulation of thermal energy storage tanks is fundamental to reduce heat losses and to achieve high energy storage efficiency. Although water tanks were extensively studied in the literature, the enhancement of the insulation quality is often overlooked. The use of vacuum insulation has the potential to significantly reduce heat losses without affecting the dimension of the storage system. This paper shows for the first time the results of the heat losses tests done for a 0.535 m3 water tank for residential building applications built with a double wall vacuum insulation. The different tests show that the rate of heat losses strictly depends on the temperature distribution inside the tank at the beginning of the experiment. Compared to a conventional water tank insulated with conventional materials, the U-value of the lateral surface was reduced by almost three times (from 1.05 W/K·m2 to 0.38 W/K·m2) using vacuum insulation. However, the bottom part, which is usually used to place the support parts and the piping, is the critical design part of those tanks acting as a thermal bridge with the ambient and enhancing heat losses. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105329 VL - 13 IS - 10 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kurzweil, Peter A1 - Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail T1 - State-of-Charge Monitoring by Impedance Spectroscopy during Long-Term Self-Discharge of Supercapacitors and Lithium-Ion Batteries JF - Batteries N2 - Frequency-dependent capacitance C(ω) is a rapid and reliable method for the determination of the state-of-charge (SoC) of electrochemical storage devices. The state-of-the-art of SoC monitoring using impedance spectroscopy is reviewed, and complemented by original 1.5-year long-term electrical impedance measurements of several commercially available supercapacitors. It is found that the kinetics of the self-discharge of supercapacitors comprises at least two characteristic time constants in the range of days and months. The curvature of the Nyquist curve at frequencies above 10 Hz (charge transfer resistance) depends on the available electric charge as well, but it is of little use for applications. Lithium-ion batteries demonstrate a linear correlation between voltage and capacitance as long as overcharge and deep discharge are avoided. KW - aging KW - capacitance KW - self-discharge KW - state-of-charge monitoring KW - supercapacitor Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries4030035 VL - 4 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - MPDI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Keller, Helena A1 - Greim, Markus A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - 27th Conference and Workshop on Rheology of Building Materials, Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule (OTH) Regensburg, Germany, March 7 – 8, 2018 BT - Conference report JF - Applied Rheology Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/arh-2018-0005 VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 56 EP - 58 PB - De Gruyter ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fuersattel, Peter A1 - Plank, Claus A1 - Maier, Andreas A1 - Riess, Christian T1 - Accurate laser scanner to camera calibration with application to range sensor evaluation JF - IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications N2 - Multi-modal sensory data plays an important role in many computer vision and robotics tasks. One popular multi-modal pair is cameras and laser scanners. To overlay and jointly use the data from both modalities, it is necessary to calibrate the sensors, i.e., to obtain the spatial relation between the sensors. Computing such a calibration is challenging as both sensors provide quite different data: cameras yield color or brightness information, laser scanners yield 3-D points. However, several laser scanners additionally provide reflectances, which turn out to make calibration to a camera well feasible. To this end, we first estimate a rough alignment of the coordinate systems of both modalities. Then, we use the laser scanner reflectances to compute a virtual image of the scene. Stereo calibration on the virtual image and the camera image are then used to compute a refined, high-accuracy calibration. It is encouraging that the accuracies in our experiments are comparable to camera-camera stereo setups and outperform another of other target-based calibration approach. This shows that the proposed algorithm reliably integrates the point cloud with the intensity image. As an example application, we use the calibration results to obtain ground-truth distance images for range cameras. Furthermore, we utilize this data to investigate the accuracy of the Microsoft Kinect V2 time-of-flight and the Intel RealSense R200 structured light camera. KW - Kinect V2 KW - Laser scanner KW - Range camera KW - RealSense R200 Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s41074-017-0032-5 VL - 9 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jost, Felix A1 - Kudruss, Manuel A1 - Koerkel, Stefan A1 - Walter, Sebastian F. T1 - A computational method for key-performance-indicator-based parameter identification of industrial manipulators JF - Journal of mathematics in Industry N2 - We present a novel derivative-based parameter identification method to improve the precision at the tool center point of an industrial manipulator. The tool center point is directly considered in the optimization as part of the problem formulation as a key performance indicator. Additionally, our proposed method takes collision avoidance as special nonlinear constraints into account and is therefore suitable for industrial use. The performed numerical experiments show that the optimum experimental designs considering key performance indicators during optimization achieve a significant improvement in comparison to other methods. An improvement in terms of precision at the tool center point of 40% to 44% was achieved in experiments with three KUKA robots and 90 notional manipulator models compared to the heuristic experimental designs chosen by an experimenter as well as 10% to 19% compared to an existing state-of-the-art method. KW - ACCURACY KW - collision avoidance KW - CONFIGURATIONS KW - industrial manipulators KW - key performance indicator KW - optimum experimental design KW - parameter identification KW - quantity of interest KW - ROBOT CALIBRATION Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13362-017-0039-7 VL - 7 IS - 9 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maas, Roland A1 - Huemmer, Christian A1 - Sehr, Armin A1 - Kellermann, Walter T1 - A Bayesian view on acoustic model-based techniques for robust speech recognition JF - EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing N2 - This article provides a unifying Bayesian view on various approaches for acoustic model adaptation, missing feature, and uncertainty decoding that are well-known in the literature of robust automatic speech recognition. The representatives of these classes can often be deduced from a Bayesian network that extends the conventional hidden Markov models used in speech recognition. These extensions, in turn, can in many cases be motivated from an underlying observation model that relates clean and distorted feature vectors. By identifying and converting the observation models into a Bayesian network representation, we formulate the corresponding compensation rules. We thus summarize the various approaches as approximations or modifications of the same Bayesian decoding rule leading to a unified view on known derivations as well as to new formulations for certain approaches. KW - APPROXIMATION KW - Bayesian network KW - CLASSIFICATION KW - COMPENSATION KW - FEATURE ENHANCEMENT KW - HMM ADAPTATION KW - LINEAR-REGRESSION KW - Missing feature KW - Model adaptation KW - PREDICTION KW - Reverberation KW - Robust automatic speech recognition KW - SUM KW - Uncertainty decoding Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-015-0287-x VL - 103 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chee, See Wee A1 - Kammler, Martin A1 - Graham, Jeremy A1 - Gignac, Lynne A1 - Reuter, Mark C. A1 - Hull, Robert A1 - Ross, Frances M. T1 - Directed Self-Assembly of Ge Quantum Dots Using Focused Si2+ Ion Beam Patterning JF - scientific reports N2 - We show that templating a Si surface with a focused beam of Si2+ or Si+ ions can create suitable nucleation sites for the subsequent growth of self-assembled Ge quantum dots by chemical vapor deposition. To determine the mechanism of patterning we use atomic force microscopy to show that, similar to Ga+ patterning, the formation of a surface pit is required to enable control over Ge quantum dot locations. We find that relatively high implantation doses are required to achieve patterning, and these doses lead to amorphization of the substrate. We assess the degree to which the substrate crystallinity can be recovered by subsequent processing. Using in situ transmission electron microscopy heating experiments we find that recrystallization is possible at the growth temperature of the Ge quantum dots, but defects remain that follow the pattern of the initial implantation. We discuss the formation mechanism of the defects and the benefits of using Si ions for patterning both defects and quantum dots on Si substrates. KW - ARRAYS KW - AU KW - DAMAGE KW - GROWTH KW - IMPLANTATION KW - NUCLEATION KW - RECOVERY KW - silicon KW - TECHNOLOGY Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27512-z VL - 8 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Räsänen, Esa A1 - Pulkkinen, Otto A1 - Virtanen, Tuomas A1 - Zollner, Manfred A1 - Hennig, Holger T1 - Fluctuations of hi-hat timing and dynamics in a virtuoso drum track of a popular music recording JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Long-range correlated temporal fluctuations in the beats of musical rhythms are an inevitable consequence of human action. According to recent studies, such fluctuations also lead to a favored listening experience. The scaling laws of amplitude variations in rhythms, however, are widely unknown. Here we use highly sensitive onset detection and time series analysis to study the amplitude and temporal fluctuations of Jeff Porcaro's one-handed hi-hat pattern in "I Keep Forgettin'"-one of the most renowned 16th note patterns in modern drumming. We show that fluctuations of hi-hat amplitudes and interbeat intervals (times between hits) have clear long-range correlations and short-range anticorrelations separated by a characteristic time scale. In addition, we detect subtle features in Porcaro's drumming such as small drifts in the 16th note pulse and non-trivial periodic two-bar patterns in both hi-hat amplitudes and intervals. Through this investigation we introduce a step towards statistical studies of the 20th and 21st century music recordings in the framework of complex systems. Our analysis has direct applications to the development of drum machines and to drumming pedagogy. KW - Humans KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Music Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127902 VL - 10 IS - 6 PB - PLOS ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Campos Silva, Elen Farinelli A1 - Baima, Julio Pinheiro A1 - Ribeiro de Barros, Jaqueline A1 - Tanni, Suzana A1 - Schreck, Thomas A1 - Saad-Hossne, Rogerio A1 - Sassaki, Ligia Yukie T1 - Risk factors for ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer A retrospective cohort study BT - A retrospective cohort study JF - Medicine N2 - Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. The study aims to identify the risk factors for ulcerative colitis-colorectal cancer and to perform a survival curve analysis of the outcome. This retrospective cohort study included 254 patients from March 2016 to October 2017. Age, age at diagnosis, follow-up time, smoking status, and family history of colorectal cancer were analyzed as risk factors for colorectal cancer. The mean patient age was 46.6 +/- 16.9 years; 5.5% of the patients were smokers and 49.6% had pancolitis. Six patients (2.36%) had colorectal cancer, which was associated with age at diagnosis (odds/hazard ratio 1.059 [95% confidence interval: 1.001-1.121];P = .04), family history of colorectal cancer (12.992 [1.611-104.7];P = .02), and follow-up time (0.665 [0.513-0.864];P = .002). Active smoking was the main identified risk factor, after both logistic (8.477 [1.350-53.232];P = .02) and Cox proportional-hazards (32.484 [2.465-428.1];P = .008) regression analysis. The risk of colorectal cancer was 3.17% at 10 years and 4.26% at 20 years of follow-up. Active smoking and family history were identified as risk factors for colorectal cancer. These findings should aid the early identification of patients who require vigorous surveillance, and prevent exposure to risk factors. KW - ALCOHOL KW - colorectal cancer KW - CONSENSUS KW - INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE KW - MECHANISMS KW - METAANALYSIS KW - NATURAL-HISTORY KW - PREVALENCE KW - PROGRESSION KW - risk factors KW - smoking KW - ulcerative colitis Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000021686 VL - 99 IS - 32 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Lippincott ER - TY - JOUR A1 - De, Sangita A1 - Niklas, Michael A1 - Brian, Rooney A1 - Mottok, Jürgen A1 - Brada, Premek T1 - Semantic Mapping of Component Framework Interface Ontologies for Interoperability of Vehicle Applications JF - Procedia Computer Science N2 - Over the past few years, ontology merging, and ontology semantic alignment has gained significant interest as research topics in automotive application domain for finding solutions to semantic data heterogeneity. To accomplish the complex and novel vehicle service requirements such as autonomous driving, V2X (Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication), etc. the automotive applications involve collaborations of several platform-specific data from heterogeneous enterprises component frameworks and consequently there has been increase in data interoperability issues. At the application component level, data interoperability relies on the semantic alignment or mapping between the various component framework interfaces data models represented as XML schemas (XSD). With the XML schemas being the preferred standard for the interface description exchange between most of the automotive application domain components, however, the data interoperability between the semantically equivalent but structurally different data constructs of multiple heterogeneous XSDs stands as a challenge in the absence of an ontology-based approach. To confront this crucial requirement for data interoperability and to increase in effect the reuse of existing components through their interfaces, we propose an approach to semantically map the various component framework interface data models when expressed as ontology schemas, based on the exploration of semantic synergies. The transformation between XSD and RDF (Resource Description Framework) schema representations and the use of queries over the ontology schemas for semantic mapping are demonstrated including a real-world case study. KW - component KW - interface KW - mapping KW - ontology KW - semantic Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.03.151 VL - 170 IS - 2 SP - 813 EP - 818 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rogge, Alize A. A1 - Baur, Isabel A1 - Blettner, Gabriele A1 - Holtkamp, Ulrike A1 - Horneber, Markus A1 - Jahn, Patrick A1 - Joos, Stefanie A1 - Keberle, Silva A1 - Kettelgerdes, Anita A1 - Klemperer, David A1 - Laengler, Alfred A1 - Voiss, Petra A1 - Weis, Joachim A1 - Witt, Claudia M. T1 - Defining Criteria for Guiding Cancer Patients to Find a Reputable Complementary Medicine Provider BT - Results of a Literature Review and a Consensus Procedure JF - Patient Preference and Adherence N2 - Purpose: Even in cases of positive evidence for complementary medicine (CM) therapies, it is still difficult for cancer patients to identify reputable providers. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a criteria list to provide guidance to cancer patients seeking a reputable CM provider. Methods: The design combined a literature review, an expert consensus procedure (n=15) and an assessment from three stakeholder perspectives (patients (n=18), CM providers (n=26) and oncology physicians (n=20)). Results: A total of 30 existing CM criteria were extracted from the literature, and 12 more were added by the experts. The main challenge was to define criteria that could easily be applied by the patients. A final comprehensive list of 8 criteria guiding cancer patients to find a reputable CM provider was developed. Conclusion: Health professionals and cancer information services might find the criteria list helpful when aiming to strengthen patients' awareness of quality-related factors associated with CM providers. The criteria developed might be helpful when standards are established for quality assurance in CM in oncology. KW - complementary medicine KW - healthcare quality assurance KW - neoplasms KW - patient-centered care KW - standards Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S230705 VL - 14 SP - 747 EP - 755 PB - DOVE MEDICAL PRESS ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prantl, Lukas A1 - Eigenberger, Andreas A1 - Gehmert, Sebastian A1 - Haerteis, Silke A1 - Aung, Thiha A1 - Rachel, Reinhard A1 - Jung, Ernst Michael A1 - Felthaus, Oliver T1 - Enhanced Resorption of Liposomal Packed Vitamin C Monitored by Ultrasound JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine N2 - Vitamin C is an essential nutrient for humans and is involved in a plethora of health-related functions. Several studies have shown a connection between vitamin C intake and an improved resistance to infections that involves the immune system. However, the body cannot store vitamin C and both the elevated oral intake, and the intravenous application have certain disadvantages. In this study, we wanted to show a new formulation for the liposomal packaging of vitamin C. Using freeze etching electron microscopy, we show the formed liposomes. With a novel approach of post-processing procedures of real-time sonography that combines enhancement effects by contrast-like ultrasound with a transducer, we wanted to demonstrate the elevated intestinal vitamin C resorption on four participants. With the method presented in this study, it is possible to make use of the liposomal packaging of vitamin C with simple household materials and equipment for intake elevation. For the first time, we show the enhanced resorption of ingested liposomes using microbubble enhanced ultrasound imaging. KW - ASCORBIC-ACID KW - CEUS KW - CONTRAST AGENT KW - CULTURES KW - DEFICIENCY KW - enhanced resorption KW - GULO KW - immune system KW - liposomal packing KW - MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION KW - OXIDATIVE STRESS KW - PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE KW - sonography KW - vitamin C Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9061616 VL - 9 IS - 6 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huss, Sorin A. A1 - Stein, Oliver T1 - A Novel Design Flow for a Security-Driven Synthesis of Side-Channel Hardened Cryptographic Modules JF - Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications N2 - Over the last few decades, computer-aided engineering (CAE) tools have been developed and improved in order to ensure a short time-to-market in the chip design business. Up to now, these design tools do not yet support an integrated design strategy for the development of side-channel-resistant hardware implementations. In order to close this gap, a novel framework named AMASIVE (Adaptable Modular Autonomous SIde-Channel Vulnerability Evaluator) was developed. It supports the designer in implementing devices hardened against power attacks by exploiting novel security-driven synthesis methods. The article at hand can be seen as the second of the two contributions that address the AMASIVE framework. While the first one describes how the framework automatically detects vulnerabilities against power attacks, the second one explains how a design can be hardened in an automatic way by means of appropriate countermeasures, which are tailored to the identified weaknesses. In addition to the theoretical introduction of the fundamental concepts, we demonstrate an application to the hardening of a complete hardware implementation of the block cipher PRESENT. KW - side-channel analysis KW - secure CAE design Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/jlpea7010004 SN - 2079-9268 VL - 7 IS - 1 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Baumann, Timo A1 - Bangalore, Srinivas A1 - Hirschberg, Julia ED - Federico, Marcello ED - Stüker, Sebastian ED - Yvon, François T1 - Towards Simultaneous Interpreting: The Timing of Incremental Machine Translation and Speech Synthesis T2 - Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation. Papers. Lake Tahoe, December 4th and 5th, 2014 N2 - In simultaneous interpreting, human experts incrementally construct and extend partial hypotheses about the source speaker’s message, and start to verbalize a corresponding message in the target language, based on a partial translation – which may have to be corrected occasionally. They commence the target utterance in the hope that they will be able to finish understanding the source speaker’s message and determine its translation in time for the unfolding delivery. Of course, both incremental understanding and translation by humans can be garden-pathed, although experts are able to optimize their delivery so as to balance the goals of minimal latency, translation quality and high speech fluency with few corrections. We investigate the temporal properties of both translation input and output to evaluate the tradeoff between low latency and translation quality. In addition, we estimate the improvements that can be gained with a tempo-elastic speech synthesizer. KW - incremental processing KW - speech synthesis KW - timing KW - simultaneous interpreting Y1 - 2014 UR - https://aclanthology.org/2014.iwslt-papers.2.pdf SP - 163 EP - 168 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meyer-Sickendiek, Burkhard A1 - Hussein, Hussein A1 - Baumann, Timo T1 - Towards the Creation of a Poetry Translation Mapping System JF - Archives of Data Science, Series A N2 - The translation of poetry is a complex, multifaceted challenge: the translated text should communicate the same meaning, similar metaphoric expressions, and also match the style and prosody of the original poem. Research on machine poetry translation is existing since 2010, but for four reasons it is still rather insufficient: 1. The few approaches existing completely lack any knowledge about current developments in both lyric theory and translation theory. 2. They are based on very small datasets. 3. They mostly ignored the neural learning approach that superseded the long-standing dominance of phrase-based approaches within machine translation. 4. They have no concept concerning the pragmatic function of their research and the resulting tools. Our paper describes how to improve the existing research and technology for poetry translations in exactly these four points. With regards to 1) we will describe the “Poetics of Translation”. With regards to 2) we will introduce the Worlds largest corpus for poetry translations from lyrikline. With regards to 3) we will describe first steps towards a neural machine translation of poetry. With regards to 4) we will describe first steps towards the development of a poetry translation mapping system. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5445/KSP/1000087327/21 SN - 2363-9881 VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Towards the Creation of a Poetry Translation Mapping System ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weber, Felix A1 - Borchsenius, Fredrik A1 - Distl, Johann A1 - Braun, Christian T1 - Performance of Numerically Optimized Tuned Mass Damper with Inerter (TMDI) JF - Applied Sciences N2 - In recent years, the Tuned Mass Damper with inerter (TMDI) has received significant attention. The inerter is defined to exert a force that is in proportion to the relative acceleration of the two inerter terminals. Here, two TMDI topologies are investigated. The conventional topology is given by the inerter being in parallel to the spring and viscous damper of the TMDI. The other topology is the serial arrangement of spring, inerter and viscous damper being in parallel to the stiffness of the mass spring oscillator of the TMDI. While the first topology intends to increase the inertial force of the TMDI, the second topology aims at producing an additional degree of freedom. The considered TMDI concepts are simulated for harmonic and random excitations, with parameters set according to those described in the literature and with numerically optimized parameters which minimize the primary structure displacement response. The classical TMD is used as a benchmark. The findings are twofold. The conventional TMDI with typical inertance ratio of 1% and the very small value of 0.02% performs significantly worse than the classical TMD with the same mass ratio. In contrast, the TMDI with an additional degree of freedom can improve the mitigation of the primary structure if the inertance ratio is set very small and if the TMDI parameters are numerically optimized. KW - damping KW - inerter KW - optimization KW - TMD KW - TMDI KW - vibration Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/app12126204 VL - 12 IS - 12 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Baumann, Timo A1 - Meyer-Sickendiek, Burkhard ED - Krauwer, Steven ED - Fišer, Darja T1 - Deep Learning meets Post-modern Poetry T2 - TwinTalks 2020: Understanding and Facilitating Collaboration in Digital Humanities 2020, proceedings of the Twin Talks 2 and 3 workshops at DHN 2020 and DH 2020, Ottawa Canada and Riga Latvia, July 23 and October 20, 2020 N2 - We summarize our project Rhythmicalizer in which we analyze a corpus of post-modern poetry in a combination of qualitative hermeneutical and computational methods, as we have run the project over the course of the past three years (and preparing it for some time before that). Interdisciplinary work is always challenging and we here focus on some of the highlights of our collaboration. KW - Literary Studies KW - Machine Learning KW - Meta-Research Y1 - 2020 UR - http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2717/paper03.pdf SN - 1613-0073 SP - 30 EP - 36 PB - RWTH Aachen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bayerstadler, Andreas A1 - Becquin, Guillaume A1 - Binder, Julia A1 - Botter, Thierry A1 - Ehm, Hans A1 - Ehmer, Thomas A1 - Erdmann, Marvin A1 - Gaus, Norbert A1 - Harbach, Philipp A1 - Hess, Maximilian A1 - Klepsch, Johannes A1 - Leib, Martin A1 - Luber, Sebastian A1 - Luckow, Andre A1 - Mansky, Maximilian A1 - Mauerer, Wolfgang A1 - Neukart, Florian A1 - Niedermeier, Christoph A1 - Palackal, Lilly A1 - Pfeiffer, Ruben A1 - Polenz, Carsten A1 - Sepulveda, Johanna A1 - Sievers, Tammo A1 - Standen, Brian A1 - Streif, Michael A1 - Strohm, Thomas A1 - Utschig-Utschig, Clemens A1 - Volz, Daniel A1 - Weiss, Horst A1 - Winter, Fabian T1 - Industry quantum computing applications JF - EPJ Quantum Technology N2 - Quantum computing promises to overcome computational limitations with better and faster solutions for optimization, simulation, and machine learning problems. Europe and Germany are in the process of successfully establishing research and funding programs with the objective to dvance the technology’s ecosystem and industrialization, thereby ensuring digital sovereignty, security, and competitiveness. Such an ecosystem comprises hardware/software solution providers, system integrators, and users from research institutions, start-ups, and industry. The vision of the Quantum Technology and Application Consortium (QUTAC) is to establish and advance the quantum computing ecosystem, supporting the ambitious goals of the German government and various research programs. QUTAC is comprised of ten members representing different industries, in particular automotive manufacturing, chemical and pharmaceutical production, insurance, and technology. In this paper, we survey the current state of quantum computing in these sectors as well as the aerospace industry and identify the contributions of QUTAC to the ecosystem. We propose an application-centric approach for the industrialization of the technology based on proven business impact. This paper identifies 24 different use cases. By formalizing high-value use cases into well-described reference problems and benchmarks, we will guide technological progress and eventually commercialization. Our results will be beneficial to all ecosystem participants, including suppliers, system integrators, software developers, users, policymakers, funding program managers, and investors. KW - Benchmarks KW - Industry application KW - Quantum computing KW - QUTAC KW - Reference problems Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-021-00114-x VL - 8 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pit, Sabrina A1 - Fisk, Malcolm A1 - Freihaut, Winona A1 - Akintunde, Fashola A1 - Aloko, Bamidele A1 - Berge, Britta A1 - Burmeister, Anne A1 - Ciacâru, Adriana A1 - Deller, Jürgen A1 - Dulmage, Rae A1 - Han, Tae Hwa A1 - Hao, Qiang A1 - Honeyman, Peter A1 - Huber, Peter C. A1 - Linner, Thomas A1 - Lundberg, Stefan A1 - Nwamara, Mofoluwaso A1 - Punpuing, Kamolpun A1 - Schramm, Jennifer A1 - Yamada, Hajime A1 - Yap, Jason C. H. T1 - COVID-19 and the ageing workforce: global perspectives on needs and solutions across 15 countries JF - International Journal for Equity in Health volume N2 - BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has a direct impact on the employment of older people. This adds to the challenge of ageism. The World Health Organization has started a worldwide campaign to combat ageism and has called for more research and evidence-based strategies that have the potential to be scaled up. This study specifically aims to identify solutions to combat the adverse effects of COVID-19 on the global ageing workforce. METHODS: We present 15 case studies from different countries and report on what those countries are doing or not doing to address the impact of COVID-19 on ageing workers. RESULTS: We provide examples of how COVID-19 influences older people's ability to work and stay healthy, and offer case studies of what governments, organizations or individuals can do to help ensure older people can obtain, maintain and, potentially, expand their current work. Case studies come from Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Germany, Israel, Japan, Nigeria, Romania, Singapore, Sweden, South Korea, Thailand, United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US). Across the countries, the impact of COVID-19 on older workers is shown as widening inequalities. A particular challenge has arisen because of a large proportion of older people, often with limited education and working in the informal sector within rural areas, e.g. in Nigeria, Thailand and China. Remedies to the particular disadvantage experienced by older workers in the context of COVID are presented. These range from funding support to encouraging business continuity, innovative product and service developments, community action, new business models and localized, national and international actions. The case studies can be seen as frequently fitting within strategies that have been proven to work in reducing ageism within the workplace. They include policy and laws that have increased benefits to workers during lockdowns (most countries); educational activities such as coaching seniorpreneurship (e,g, Australia); intergenerational contact interventions such as younger Thai people who moved back to rural areas and sharing their digital knowledge with older people and where older people reciprocate by teaching the younger people farming knowledge. CONCLUSION: Global sharing of this knowledge among international, national and local governments and organizations, businesses, policy makers and health and human resources experts will further understanding of the issues that are faced by older workers. This will facilitate the replication or scalability of solutions as called for in the WHO call to combat ageism in 2021. We suggest that policy makers, business owners, researchers and international organisations build on the case studies by investing in evidence-based strategies to create inclusive workplaces. Such action will thus help to challenge ageism, reduce inequity, improve business continuity and add to the quality of life of older workers. KW - Aged KW - Aging KW - Communicable Disease Control KW - COVID-19 KW - Humans KW - Quality of Life KW - SARS-CoV-2 KW - United States KW - Workforce Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-021-01552-w VL - 20 SP - 1 EP - 22 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Göppel, Simon A1 - Frikel, Jürgen A1 - Haltmeier, Markus T1 - Feature Reconstruction from Incomplete Tomographic Data without Detour JF - Mathematics N2 - In this paper, we consider the problem of feature reconstruction from incomplete X-ray CT data. Such incomplete data problems occur when the number of measured X-rays is restricted either due to limit radiation exposure or due to practical constraints, making the detection of certain rays challenging. Since image reconstruction from incomplete data is a severely ill-posed (unstable) problem, the reconstructed images may suffer from characteristic artefacts or missing features, thus significantly complicating subsequent image processing tasks (e.g., edge detection or segmentation). In this paper, we introduce a framework for the robust reconstruction of convolutional image features directly from CT data without the need of computing a reconstructed image first. Within our framework, we use non-linear variational regularization methods that can be adapted to a variety of feature reconstruction tasks and to several limited data situations. The proposed variational regularization method minimizes an energy functional being the sum of a feature dependent datafitting term and an additional penalty accounting for specific properties of the features. In our numerical experiments, we consider instances of edge reconstructions from angular under-sampled data and show that our approach is able to reliably reconstruct feature maps in this case. KW - Computed tomography KW - Radon transform KW - reconstruction KW - limited data KW - sparse data KW - feature reconstruction, KW - edge detection Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/math10081318 VL - 10 IS - 8 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Christ, Andreas A1 - Brecht, Benjamin A1 - Mauerer, Wolfgang A1 - Silberhorn, Christine T1 - Theory of quantum frequency conversion and type-II parametric down-conversion in the high-gain regime JF - New Journal of Physics N2 - Frequency conversion (FC) and type-II parametric down-conversion (PDC) processes serve as basic building blocks for the implementation of quantum optical experiments: type-II PDC enables the efficient creation of quantum states such as photon-number states and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR)-states. FC gives rise to technologies enabling efficient atom–photon coupling, ultrafast pulse gates and enhanced detection schemes. However, despite their widespread deployment, their theoretical treatment remains challenging. Especially the multi-photon components in the high-gain regime as well as the explicit time-dependence of the involved Hamiltonians hamper an efficient theoretical description of these nonlinear optical processes. In this paper, we investigate these effects and put forward two models that enable a full description of FC and type-II PDC in the high-gain regime. We present a rigorous numerical model relying on the solution of coupled integro-differential equations that covers the complete dynamics of the process. As an alternative, we develop a simplified model that, at the expense of neglecting time-ordering effects, enables an analytical solution. While the simplified model approximates the correct solution with high fidelity in a broad parameter range, sufficient for many experimental situations, such as FC with low efficiency, entangled photon-pair generation and the heralding of single photons from type-II PDC, our investigations reveal that the rigorous model predicts a decreased performance for FC processes in quantum pulse gate applications and an enhanced EPR-state generation rate during type-II PDC, when EPR squeezing values above 12 dB are considered. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/15/5/053038 VL - 15 IS - 5 PB - IOP ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rohde, Peter P. A1 - Mauerer, Wolfgang A1 - Silberhorn, Christine T1 - Spectral structure and decompositions of optical states, and their applications JF - New Journal of Physics N2 - We discuss the spectral structure and decomposition of multi-photon states. Ordinarily 'multi-photon states' and 'Fock states' are regarded as synonymous. However, when the spectral degrees of freedom are included this is not the case, and the class of 'multi-photon' states is much broader than the class of 'Fock' states. We discuss the criteria for a state to be considered a Fock state. We then address the decomposition of general multi-photon states into bases of orthogonal eigenmodes, building on existing multi-mode theory, and introduce an occupation number representation that provides an elegant description of such states. This representation allows us to work in bases imposed by experimental constraints, simplifying calculations in many situations. Finally we apply this technique to several example situations, which are highly relevant for state of the art experiments. These include Hong–Ou–Mandel interference, spectral filtering, finite bandwidth photo-detection, homodyne detection and the conditional preparation of Schrödinger kitten and Fock states. Our techniques allow for very simple descriptions of each of these examples. Y1 - 2007 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/9/4/091 VL - 9 IS - 4 PB - IOP Publishing ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ramsauer, Ralf A1 - Kiszka, Jan A1 - Mauerer, Wolfgang ED - Keil, Sophia ED - Lasch, Rainer ED - Lindner, Fabian ED - Lohmer, Jacob T1 - A Novel Software Architecture for Mixed Criticality Systems T2 - Digital Transformation in Semiconductor Manufacturing: Proceedings of the 1st and 2nd European Advances in Digital Transformation Conference, EADTC 2018, Zittau, Germany and EADTC 2019, Milan, Italy N2 - The advent of multi-core CPUs in nearly all embedded markets has prompted an architectural trend towards combining safety critical and uncritical software on single hardware units. We present a novel architecture for mixed criticality systems based on Linux that allows us to consolidate critical and uncritical parts onto a single hardware unit. CPU virtualisation extensions enable strict and static partitioning of hardware by direct assignment of resources, which allows us to boot additional operating systems or bare metal applications running aside Linux. The hypervisor Jailhouse is at the core of the architecture and ensures that the resulting domains may serve workloads of different criticality and can not interfere in an unintended way. This retains Linux’s feature-richness in uncritical parts, while frugal safety and real-time critical applications execute in isolated domains. Architectural simplicity is a central aspect of our approach and a precondition for reliable implementability and successful certification. While standard virtualisation extensions provided by current hardware seem to suffice for a straight forward implementation of our approach, there are a number of further limitations that need to be worked around. This paper discusses the arising issues, and evaluates the suitability of our approach for real-world safety and real-time critical scenarios. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48602-0_11 SP - 121 EP - 128 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frazzica, Andrea A1 - Palomba, Valeria A1 - Dawoud, Belal T1 - Thermodynamic Performance of Adsorption Working Pairs for Low-Temperature Waste Heat Upgrading in Industrial Applications JF - Applied Sciences N2 - The present work aims at the thermodynamic analysis of different working pairs in adsorption heat transformers (AdHT) for low-temperature waste heat upgrade in industrial processes. Two different AdHT configurations have been simulated, namely with and without heat recovery between the adsorbent beds. Ten working pairs, employing different adsorbent materials and four different refrigerants, have been compared at varying working boundary conditions. The effects of heat recovery and the presence of a temperature gradient for heat transfer between sinks/sources and the AdHT components have been analyzed. The achieved results demonstrate the possibility of increasing the overall performance when internal heat recovery is implemented. They also highlight the relevant role played by the existing temperature gradient between heat transfer fluids and components, that strongly affect the real operating cycle of the AdHT and thus its expected performance. Both extremely low, i.e., 40-50 degrees C, and low (i.e., 80 degrees C) waste heat source temperatures were investigated at variable ambient temperatures, evaluating the achievable COP and specific energy. The main results demonstrate that optimal performance can be achieved when 40-50 K of temperature difference between waste heat source and ambient temperature are guaranteed. Furthermore, composite sorbents demonstrated to be the most promising adsorbent materials for this application, given their high sorption capacity compared to pure adsorbents, which is reflected in much higher achievable specific energy. KW - adsorption KW - efficiency KW - heat transformer KW - heat upgrading KW - waste heat KW - working pairs Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083389 VL - 11 IS - 8 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Walter, Stefanie A1 - Schwanzer, Peter A1 - Hagen, Gunter A1 - Haft, Gerhard A1 - Rabl, Hans-Peter A1 - Dietrich, Markus A1 - Moos, Ralf T1 - Modelling the Influence of Different Soot Types on the Radio-Frequency-Based Load Detection of Gasoline Particulate Filters JF - Sensors N2 - Gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) are an appropriate means to meet today's emission standards. As for diesel applications, GPFs can be monitored via differential pressure sensors or using a radio-frequency approach (RF sensor). Due to largely differing soot properties and engine operating modes of gasoline compared to diesel engines (e.g., the possibility of incomplete regenerations), the behavior of both sensor systems must be investigated in detail. For this purpose, extensive measurements on engine test benches are usually required. To simplify the sensor development, a simulation model was developed using COMSOL Multiphysics((R)) that not only allowed for calculating the loading and regeneration process of GPFs under different engine operating conditions but also determined the impact on both sensor systems. To simulate the regeneration behavior of gasoline soot accurately, an oxidation model was developed. To identify the influence of different engine operating points on the sensor behavior, various samples generated at an engine test bench were examined regarding their kinetic parameters using thermogravimetric analysis. Thus, this compared the accuracy of soot mass determination using the RF sensor with the differential pressure method. By simulating a typical driving condition with incomplete regenerations, the effects of the soot kinetics on sensor accuracy was demonstrated exemplarily. Thereby, the RF sensor showed an overall smaller mass determination error, as well as a lower dependence on the soot kinetics. KW - diesel particulate filter (DPF) KW - EMISSIONS KW - finite element method (FEM) KW - FLOW KW - gasoline particulate filter (GPF) KW - PRESSURE-DROP KW - radio frequency (RF) KW - REGENERATION KW - soot mass determination KW - STORAGE Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s20092659 VL - 20 IS - 9 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wunderlich, Lukas A1 - Hausler, Peter A1 - Maerkl, Susanne A1 - Bierl, Rudolf A1 - Hirsch, Thomas T1 - Nanoparticle Determination in Water by LED-Excited Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging JF - Chemosensors N2 - The increasing popularity of nanoparticles in many applications has led to the fact that these persistent materials pollute our environment and threaten our health. An online sensor system for monitoring the presence of nanoparticles in fresh water would be highly desired. We propose a label-free sensor based on SPR imaging. The sensitivity was enhanced by a factor of about 100 by improving the detector by using a high-resolution camera. This revealed that the light source also needed to be improved by using LED excitation instead of a laser light source. As a receptor, different self-assembled monolayers have been screened. It can be seen that the nanoparticle receptor interaction is of a complex nature. The best system when taking sensitivity as well as reversibility into account is given by a dodecanethiol monolayer on the gold sensor surface. Lanthanide-doped nanoparticles, 29 nm in diameter and with a similar refractive index to the most common silica nanoparticles were detected in water down to 1.5 mu g mL(-1). The sensor can be fully regenerated within one hour without the need for any washing buffer. This sensing concept is expected to be easily adapted for the detection of nanoparticles of different size, shape, and composition, and upon miniaturization, suitable for long-term applications to monitor the quality of water. KW - ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES KW - imaging KW - nanoparticle KW - plasmon resonance KW - REFRACTIVE-INDEX KW - sensor KW - surface Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9070175 SN - 2227-9040 VL - 9 IS - 7 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Treutwein, Marius A1 - Löschel, Rainer A1 - Hipp, Matthias A1 - Kölbl, Oliver A1 - Dobler, Barbara T1 - Secondary malignancy risk for patients with localized prostate cancer after intensity-modulated radiotherapy with and without flattening filter JF - The Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics (JACMP) N2 - Men treated for localized prostate cancer by radiotherapy have often a remaining life span of 10 yr or more. Therefore, the risk for secondary malignancies should be taken into account. Plans for ten patients were evaluated which had been performed on an Oncentra (R) treatment planning system for a treatment with an Elekta Synergy (TM) linac with Agility (TM) head. The investigated techniques involved IMRT and VMTA with and without flattening filter. Different dose response models were applied for secondary carcinoma and sarcoma risk in the treated region and also in the periphery. As organs at risk we regarded for carcinoma risk urinary bladder, rectum, colon, esophagus, thyroid, and for sarcoma risk bone and soft tissue. The excess absolute risk (EAR) was found very similar in the treated region for both techniques (IMRT and VMAT) and also for both with and without flattening filter. The secondary sarcoma risk resulted about one magnitude smaller than the secondary carcinoma risk. The EAR to the peripheral organs was statistically significant reduced by application of the flattening filter free mode concerning the flattening filter as main source of scattered dose. Application of flattening filter free mode can thus support to reduce second malignancy risk for patients with localized prostate cancer. KW - 2ND PRIMARY CANCERS KW - ARC THERAPY VMAT KW - BEAM KW - CARCINOMA KW - flattening filter free KW - IMPACT KW - IMRT KW - localized prostate cancer KW - PHOTON KW - RADIATION-THERAPY KW - RECTAL-CANCER KW - secondary malignancy risk KW - SOFT-TISSUE SARCOMA KW - VMAT Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/acm2.13088 VL - 21 IS - 12 SP - 197 EP - 205 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Terbrack, Hajo A1 - Claus, Thorsten A1 - Herrmann, Frank T1 - Energy-Oriented Production Planning in Industry BT - A Systematic Literature Review and Classification Scheme JF - Sustainability N2 - Scarcity of resources, structural change during the further development of renewable energy sources, and their corresponding costs, such as increasing resource costs or penalties due to dirty production, lead industrial firms to adapt ecological actions. In this regard, research on energy utilization in production planning has received increased attention in the last years, resulting in a large number of research articles so far. With the paper at hand, we review the literature on energy-oriented production planning. The aim of this study is to derive similar core issues and related properties along energy-oriented models within hierarchical production planning. For this, we carry out a systematic literature review and analyze and synthesize 375 research articles. We classify the underlying literature with a novel two-dimensional classification scheme and identify three key topics and five frequently found characteristics, which are presented in detail throughout this article. Based on these results, we state several potentials for further research. KW - BI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION KW - EFFICIENT MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION KW - ELECTRICITY DEMAND RESPONSE KW - energy KW - FLEXIBLE JOB-SHOP KW - GREEN SCHEDULING OPTIMIZATION KW - HYBRID FLOW-SHOP KW - literature review KW - LOT-SIZING PROBLEM KW - MANUFACTURING SYSTEM KW - MULTIPURPOSE BATCH PLANTS KW - production planning KW - RENEWABLE ENERGY Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313317 VL - 13 IS - 23 SP - 1 EP - 32 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bender, Guzide A1 - Fahrioglu Yamaci, Rezan A1 - Taneri, Bahar T1 - CRISPR and KRAS: a match yet to be made JF - Journal of biomedical science N2 - CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) systems are one of the most fascinating tools of the current era in molecular biotechnology. With the ease that they provide in genome editing, CRISPR systems generate broad opportunities for targeting mutations. Specifically in recent years, disease-causing mutations targeted by the CRISPR systems have been of main research interest; particularly for those diseases where there is no current cure, including cancer. KRAS mutations remain untargetable in cancer. Mutations in this oncogene are main drivers in common cancers, including lung, colorectal and pancreatic cancers, which are severe causes of public health burden and mortality worldwide, with no cure at hand. CRISPR systems provide an opportunity for targeting cancer causing mutations. In this review, we highlight the work published on CRISPR applications targeting KRAS mutations directly, as well as CRISPR applications targeting mutations in KRAS-related molecules. In specific, we focus on lung, colorectal and pancreatic cancers. To date, the limited literature on CRISPR applications targeting KRAS, reflect promising results. Namely, direct targeting of mutant KRAS variants using various CRISPR systems resulted in significant decrease in cell viability and proliferation in vitro, as well as tumor growth inhibition in vivo. In addition, the effect of mutant KRAS knockdown, via CRISPR, has been observed to exert regulatory effects on the downstream molecules including PI3K, ERK, Akt, Stat3, and c-myc. Molecules in the KRAS pathway have been subjected to CRISPR applications more often than KRAS itself. The aim of using CRISPR systems in these studies was mainly to analyze the therapeutic potential of possible downstream and upstream effectors of KRAS, as well as to discover further potential molecules. Although there have been molecules identified to have such potential in treatment of KRAS-driven cancers, a substantial amount of effort is still needed to establish treatment strategies based on these discoveries. We conclude that, at this point in time, despite being such a powerful directed genome editing tool, CRISPR remains to be underutilized for targeting KRAS mutations in cancer. Efforts channelled in this direction, might pave the way in solving the long-standing challenge of targeting the KRAS mutations in cancers. KW - Animals KW - Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats KW - Humans KW - Mice KW - Mutation KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/therapeutic use Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-021-00772-0 VL - 28 SP - 1 EP - 25 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Treutwein, Marius A1 - Steger, Felix A1 - Löschel, Rainer A1 - Kölbl, Oliver A1 - Dobler, Barbara T1 - The influence of radiotherapy techniques on the plan quality and on the risk of secondary tumors in patients with pituitary adenoma JF - BMC cancer N2 - BACKGROUND: This planning study compares different radiotherapy techniques for patients with pituitary adenoma, including flatness filter free mode (FFF), concerning plan quality and secondary malignancies for potentially young patients. The flatness filter has been described as main source of photon scatter. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eleven patients with pituitary adenoma were included. An Elekta Synergy™ linac was used in the treatment planning system Oncentra® and for the measurements. 3D plans, IMRT, and VMAT plans and non-coplanar varieties were considered. The plan quality was evaluated regarding homogeneity, conformity, delivery time and dose to the organs at risk. The secondary malignancy risk was calculated from dose volume data and from measured dose to the periphery using different models for carcinoma and sarcoma risk. RESULTS: The homogeneity and conformity were nearly unchanged with and without flattening filter, neither was the delivery time found substantively different. VMAT plans were more homogenous, conformal and faster in delivery than IMRT plans. The secondary cancer risk was reduced with FFF both in the treated region and in the periphery. VMAT plans resulted in a higher secondary brain cancer risk than IMRT plans, but the risk for secondary peripheral cancer was reduced. Secondary sarcoma risk plays a minor role. No advantage was found for non-coplanar techniques. The FFF delivery times were not shortened due to additional monitor units needed and technical limitations. The risk for secondary brain cancer seems to depend on the irradiated volume. Secondary sarcoma risk is much smaller than carcinoma risk in accordance to the results of the atomic bomb survivors. The reduction of the peripheral dose and resulting secondary malignancy risk for FFF is statistically significant. However, it is negligible in comparison to the risk in the treated region. CONCLUSION: Treatments with FFF can reduce secondary malignancy risk while retaining similar quality as with flattening filter and should be preferred. VMAT plans show the best plan quality combined with lowest peripheral secondary malignancy risk, but highest level of second brain cancer risk. Taking this into account VMAT FFF seems the most advantageous technique for the treatment of pituitary adenomas with the given equipment. KW - Adenoma/radiotherapy KW - Age Factors KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Pituitary Neoplasms/radiotherapy KW - Radiotherapy Dosage KW - risk factors Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-020-6535-y VL - 20 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grabitz, Peter A1 - Friedmann, Zoe A1 - Gepp, Sophie A1 - Hess, Leonard U. A1 - Specht, Lisa A1 - Struck, Maja A1 - Tragert, Sophie Kira A1 - Walther, Tobias A1 - Klemperer, David T1 - Quantity and quality of conflict of interest policies at German medical schools BT - a cross-sectional study and survey JF - BMJ open N2 - OBJECTIVES: To assess the quantity and evaluate the quality of policies and curricula focusing on conflicts of interests (COI) at medical schools across Germany. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study, survey of medical schools, standardised web search. SETTING: Medical schools, Germany. PARTICIPANTS: 38 German medical schools. - INTERVENTIONS: We collected relevant COI policies, including teaching activities, by conducting a search of the websites of all 38 German medical schools using standardised keywords for COI policies and teaching. Further, we surveyed all medical schools' dean's offices. Finally, we adapted a scoring system for results we obtained with 13 categories based on prior similar studies. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Presence or absence of COI-related policies, including teaching activities at medical school. The secondary outcome was the achieved score on a scale from 0 to 26, with high scores representing restrictive policies and sufficient teaching activities. RESULTS: We identified relevant policies for one medical school via the web search. The response rate of the deans' survey was 16 of 38 (42.1%). In total, we identified COI-related policies for 2 of 38 (5.3%) German medical schools, yet no policy was sufficient to address all COI-related categories that were assessed in this study. The maximum score achieved was 12 of 26. 36 (94.7%) schools scored 0. No medical school reported curricular teaching on COI. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate a low level of action by medical schools to protect students from undue commercial influence. No participating dean was aware of any curriculum or instruction on COI at the respective school and only two schools had policies in place. The German Medical Students Association and international counterparts have called for a stronger focus on COI in the classroom. We conclude that for German medical schools, there is still a long way to go. KW - Conflict of Interest KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Curriculum KW - Germany KW - Humans KW - Policy KW - Schools, Medical Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039782 VL - 10 IS - 9 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - BMJ Publishing Group ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Feld, Sebastian A1 - Roch, Christoph A1 - Gabor, Thomas A1 - Seidel, Christian A1 - Neukart, Florian A1 - Galter, Isabella A1 - Mauerer, Wolfgang A1 - Linnhoff-Popien, Claudia T1 - A Hybrid Solution Method for the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem Using a Quantum Annealer JF - Frontiers in ICT N2 - he Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) is an NP-optimization problem (NPO) that has been of great interest for decades for both, science and industry. The CVRP is a variant of the vehicle routing problem characterized by capacity constrained vehicles. The aim is to plan tours for vehicles to supply a given number of customers as efficiently as possible. The problem is the combinatorial explosion of possible solutions, which increases superexponentially with the number of customers. Classical solutions provide good approximations to the globally optimal solution. D-Wave's quantum annealer is a machine designed to solve optimization problems. This machine uses quantum effects to speed up computation time compared to classic computers. The problem on solving the CVRP on the quantum annealer is the particular formulation of the optimization problem. For this, it has to be mapped onto a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problem. Complex optimization problems such as the CVRP can be translated to smaller subproblems and thus enable a sequential solution of the partitioned problem. This work presents a quantum-classic hybrid solution method for the CVRP. It clarifies whether the implementation of such a method pays off in comparison to existing classical solution methods regarding computation time and solution quality. Several approaches to solving the CVRP are elaborated, the arising problems are discussed, and the results are evaluated in terms of solution quality and computation time. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fict.2019.00013 VL - 6 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Frontiers ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Drechsler, Jörg A1 - Kiesl, Hans A1 - Meinfelder, Florian A1 - Raghunathan, Trivellore E. A1 - Rubin, Donald B. A1 - Schenker, Nathaniel A1 - Zell, Elizabeth R. T1 - In Memory of Professor Susanne Rässler JF - Journal of Official Statistics Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2478/jos-2019-0013 VL - 35 IS - 1 SP - 285 EP - 286 PB - de Gruyter ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rill, Georg T1 - Reducing the cornering resistance by torque vectoring (X International Conference on Structural Dynamics, EURODYN 2017) JF - Procedia Engineering N2 - Usually, torque vectoring is used to reduce a significant understeer behavior at high speed cornering. Thus, providing larger vehicles with a sportive touch. Even on typical front wheel driven cars torque vectoring control is available now. Torque vectoring is nearly a standard on electric driven vehicles. Complex control and optimization strategies are applied to improve the maneuverability in particular or to enhance the driving behavior and reduce the energy consumption in addition. This paper shows, that a quite simple strategy will enhance the maneuverability and simultaneously reduce the cornering resistance in sharp bends. At first, a case study with a fully non-linear and three-dimensional vehicle model is performed. It turned out that a full drive torque shift to the outer wheels improves the maneuverability and reduces the cornering resistance in addition. This results are verified by an optimization performed with a simpler four-wheeled handling model. Here, the front steering angles and the driving torques at each of the four wheels are considered as free parameters. Minimizing the cornering resistance by taking the equations of motion for the four-wheeled handling model as constraints will deliver an optimal set of parameters then. KW - Constrained Optimization KW - Cornering Resistance KW - Four-wheeled Handling Model KW - Three-dimensional Vehicle Model KW - Torque Vectoring Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.09.393 VL - 199 SP - 3284 EP - 3289 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maier, Johannes A1 - Knott, Bernadette A1 - März, Manuel A1 - Löschel, Rainer A1 - Kölbl, Oliver A1 - Dobler, Barbara T1 - Simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) radiation therapy of right sided breast cancer with and without flattening filter - A treatment planning study JF - Radiation oncology N2 - Background: The aim of the study was to compare the two irradiation modes with (FF) and without flattening filter (FFF) for three different treatment techniques for simultaneous integrated boost radiation therapy of patients with right sided breast cancer. Methods: An Elekta Synergy linac with Agility collimating device is used to simulate the treatment of 10 patients. Six plans were generated in Monaco 5.0 for each patient treating the whole breast and a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) volume: intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and a tangential arc VMAT (tVMAT), each with and without flattening filter. Plan quality was assessed considering target coverage, sparing of the contralateral breast, the lungs, the heart and the normal tissue. All plans were verified by a 2D-ionisation-chamber-array and delivery times were measured and compared. The Wilcoxon test was used for statistical analysis with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Significantly best target coverage and homogeneity was achieved using VMAT FFF with V95% = (98.7 +/- 0.8) % and HI = (8.2 +/- 0.9) % for the SIB and V95% = (98.3 +/- 0.7) % for the PTV, whereas tVMAT showed significantly lowest doses to the contralateral organs at risk with a D-mean of (0.7 +/- 0.1) Gy for the contralateral lung, (1.0 +/- 0.2) Gy for the contralateral breast and (1.4 +/- 0.2) Gy for the heart. All plans passed the gamma evaluation with a mean passing rate of (99.2 +/- 0.8) %. Delivery times were significantly reduced for VMAT and tVMAT but increased for IMRT, when FFF was used. Lowest delivery times were observed for tVMAT FFF with (1:20 +/- 0:07) min. Conclusion: Balancing target coverage, OAR sparing and delivery time, VMAT FFF and tVMAT FFF are considered the preferable of the investigated treatment options in simultaneous integrated boost irradiation of right sided breast cancer for the combination of an Elekta Synergy linac with Agility and the treatment planning system Monaco 5.0. KW - 3D-CRT KW - CONSERVING THERAPY KW - FIELD KW - IMRT KW - Radiotherapy KW - VMAT Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13014-016-0687-6 VL - 11 PB - BMC, Part of Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - da Silva Mota, Fabio Antonio A1 - Hinckel, Jose Nivaldo A1 - Rocco, Evandro Marconi A1 - Schlingloff, Hanfried T1 - Trajectory Optimization of Launch Vehicles Using Object-oriented Programming JF - Journal of aerospace technology and management N2 - The aim of this study is to model launch vehicles with focus on 3-DOF trajectory optimization using a modular approach. Despite the large number of operational launch vehicles, they usually consist of basic components and subsystems. In other words, a launch vehicle is an assembly of stages, which in turn is divided into propellant system and engine, and the engine is an assembly of basic components such as pumps, turbines, combustion chamber, and nozzle. To allow future extension and reuse of the codes, a modular structure using object-oriented programming is used. Two formulations of state equations of the trajectory and two optimization methods are described. The launch vehicle performance will be measured by payload mass for a given mission. The simulations of the VLS-1, Ariane 5 and VLS-Alfa were performed and showed good agreement with the literature. KW - Launch vehicle KW - Object-oriented programming KW - Optimization KW - Trajectory Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5028/jatm.v10.948 VL - 10 PB - Institute of Aeronautics and Space ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Fillenberg, Barbara T1 - Akademisierung des Hebammenwesens: Eine empirische Studie am Beispiel Bayerns. - (L'AGENda ; Bd. 12) N2 - Bayern hat als letztes Bundesland die Vollakademisierung des Hebammenberufs umgesetzt. Diese Umbruchsphase beschreibt die Studie HebSzen im vorliegenden Band. Die Autorin geht dabei der Frage nach dem Verhältnis von außerklinischem Hebammenwissen und akademischer Lehre nach. Empirisch erforscht sie, wie praktisch konserviertes Wissen bisher in die Lehre eingeflossen ist und in Zukunft im Hochschulkontext weitergegeben werden kann. KW - außerklinische Geburtshilfe KW - hebammengeleitete Geburtshilfe KW - mixed-method KW - Praxisanleitung KW - primärqualifizierendes Hebammenstudium Y1 - 2023 SN - 9783847426684 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3224/84742668 PB - Verlag Barbara Budrich CY - Opladen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zahneisen, Anton ED - Weber, Karsten ED - Haug, Sonja ED - Lauer, Norina ED - Mohr, Christa ED - Pfingsten, Andrea ED - Raptis, Georgios ED - Bahr, Gudrun T1 - 9x Ofra: Technikunterstütztes Wohnen als Beitrag zur Verbesserung der kommunalen Daseinsvorsorge T2 - Digitale Technik für ambulante Pflege und Therapie II - Impulse für die Praxis T3 - Regensburger Beiträge zur Digitalisierung des Gesundheitswesens - 3 Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.14361/9783839467275-017 SP - 199 EP - 216 PB - transcript CY - Bielefeld ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Frank T1 - Using Optimization Models for Scheduling in Enterprise Resource Planning Systems JF - Systems N2 - Companies often use specially-designed production systems and change them from time to time. They produce small batches in order to satisfy specific demands with the least tardiness. This imposes high demands on high-performance scheduling algorithms which can be rapidly adapted to changes in the production system. As a solution, this paper proposes a generic approach: solutions were obtained using a widely-used commercially-available tool for solving linear optimization models, which is available in an Enterprise Resource Planning System (in the SAP system for example) or can be connected to it. In a real-world application of a flow shop with special restrictions this approach is successfully used on a standard personal computer. Thus, the main implication is that optimal scheduling with a commercially-available tool, incorporated in an Enterprise Resource Planning System, may be the best approach. KW - scheduling KW - optimization model KW - real world application KW - enterprise resource planning system KW - material requirements planning II KW - priority rules Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/systems4010015 VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stumvoll (später: Plach), Ulrike A1 - Claus, Thorsten T1 - Challenges while Updating Planning Parameters of an ERP System and How a Simulation-Based Support System Can Support Material Planners JF - Systems N2 - In an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system, production planning is influenced by a variety of parameters. Previous investigations show that setting parameter values is highly relevant to a company’s target system. Parameter settings should be checked and adjusted, e.g., after a change in environmental factors, by material planners. In practice, updating the parameters is difficult due to several reasons. This paper presents a simulation-based decision support system, which helps material planners in all stages of decision-making processes. It will present the system prototype’s user interface and the results of applying the system to a case study. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/systems4010010 VL - 4 IS - 1 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stein, Oliver T1 - The Fourier expansion of Hecke operators for vector-valued modular forms JF - Functiones et Approximatio Commentarii Mathematici N2 - We compute the Fourier expansion of Hecke operators on vector-valued modular forms for the Weil representation associated to a lattice L. The Hecke operators considered in this paper include operators T(p^2l) where p is a prime dividing the level of the lattice L. Additionally, an explicit formula for a general type of Gauss sum associated to a lattice L drops out as a by-product. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7169/facm/2015.52.2.4 SN - 2080-9433 N1 - Correction and addendum to: The Fourier expansion of Hecke operators for vector-valued modular forms unter: https://doi.org/10.7169/facm/1969 We correct a mistake in [St] leading to erroneous formulas in Theorems 5.2 and 5.4. As an immediate corollary of a formula in [BCJ] we give a formula which relates the Hecke operators T(p2)∘T(p2l−2), T(p2l) and T(p2l−4) and comment on it. VL - 52 IS - 2 SP - 229 EP - 252 PB - Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science CY - Poznań ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kucera, Markus T1 - On end-to-end safety for mobile COTS devices JF - Advances in Computer Science : an International Journal N2 - Today, ubiquitous mobile devices have not only arrived but entered the safety critical domain. There, systems are about to be controlled where human health or even human life is put at risk. For example, in automation systems first ideas surface to control parts of the system via a COTS smartphone. Another example is the idea to control the autonomous parking function of a car via a COTS smartphone too. As beneficial and convenient these ideas are on the first thought, on the second thought, dangers of these approaches become obvious. Especially in case of failures the system’s safety has to be maintained. The open question is how to achieve this mandatory requirement with COTS components, e.g. smartphones that are not developed following the development process necessary for safetycritical systems. This paper presents a concept to reliably detect human interaction while activating safety critical functions via COTS mobile devices. Thus a means is provided to detect erroneous activation requests for the safetycritical function. KW - Safety KW - Smartphone KW - Automotive KW - Control Y1 - 2015 UR - http://www.acsij.org/acsij/article/view/64 SN - 2322-5157 VL - 4 IS - 5 SP - 107 EP - 109 PB - ACSIJ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudolph, Clarissa T1 - Old wine in new wineskins? BT - Labour market reforms in Germany and its impact on women JF - AG About Gender : International Journal of gender studies N2 - In the mid 2000s, a fundamental labour market reform has been carried out in Germany. The so-called Hartz-reforms were supposed to implement the paradigms of “activation” and “individual responsibility”. It was also discussed, whether in this context the “adult worker model” and more gender equality in the labour market should and could be achieved. This article clarifies the reforms ambivalent impact on women: there is a stronger but only partial labour market inclusion predominantly into the low-wage sector. Women´s responsibility in private care remains unchanged. Besides, in both fields, gender equality is not only a matter of quantity but also of quality. In other words, it is not about work inclusion at any cost, but rather the circumstances for female employment must be critically analyzed. The labour market reforms have so far done little to oppose the gender specific structures of the labour market. KW - Gender Equality KW - Labour Market Reforms, KW - Gender Models KW - Low Wage Sector Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.15167/2279-5057/ag.2013.2.4.84 SN - 2279-5057 VL - 2 IS - 4 SP - 76 EP - 94 PB - Genova University Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cichy, Ireneusz A1 - Kruszwicka, Agnieszka A1 - Palus, Patrycja A1 - Przybyla, Tomasz A1 - Schliermann, Rainer A1 - Wawrzyniak, Sara A1 - Klichowski, Michal A1 - Rokita, Andrzej T1 - Physical Education with Eduball Stimulates Non-Native Language Learning in Primary School Students JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health) N2 - Although the neuronal mechanisms of action and cognition are related, the division of intellectual and physical lessons is standard in schools. This is surprising, because numerous studies show that integrating physical education (PE) with teaching content stimulates critical skills. For example, several experiments indicate that Eduball-based PE (i.e., lessons in a sports hall during which students play team mini-games with educational balls with printed letters, numbers, and other signs) develops mathematical and language competencies. At the same time, the Eduball method does not slow down learners' physical development. However, we have little knowledge about the effects of such techniques on non-native language learning. Consequently, the absence of incorporating core academic subjects into PE in dual-language schools or during foreign language education is exceptionally high. Here, we replicated the Eduball experiment, but with the goal of testing this method for non-native language learning. Thus, the intervention occurred in a dual-language primary school and we evaluated second language (L2) learning. As before, we used the technique of parallel groups (experimental and control); in both groups, there were three 45-min PE classes per week. In the experimental class, two of them were held using Eduball. After a half-year experiment, children from the experimental group (one second-grade, N = 14) improved their non-native language skills significantly more than their peers from the control group (one second-grade, N = 12). These findings demonstrate that Eduball-type intervention stimulates non-native language learning in children. Hence, our report suggests that specific body training forms can support L2 learning. KW - Child KW - Humans KW - Language KW - Learning KW - Physical Education and Training KW - Schools KW - Students Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138192 VL - 19 IS - 13 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schlegl, Peter A1 - Robatzek, Patrick A1 - Kucera, Markus A1 - Volbert, Klaus A1 - Waas, Thomas T1 - Performance analysis of mobile radio for automatic control in smart grids JF - International Journal of Advancements in Electronics and Electrical Engineering N2 - In the context of a "Smart Grid" research project, together with industrial partners, the OTH-Regensburg realized an intelligent medium-voltage grid in the local area. Goal was to improve the current voltage regulation and to counter the problems with inconsistent energy feed-in of decentralized renewable energy producers. In this paper we discuss the possibilities of using 3rd generation (3G) cellular networks (UMTS) as basic technology to communicate the voltage-levels within a medium-voltage grid. We build an experimental hardware setup to generate data-traffic as specified for the smart grid. By analyzing the performance of 3G cellular networks in terms of transmission latency and rate of failure, we tried to evaluate the usability of this technology for such critical data exchange. Though mobile communication in its structure is not specified for the use of transmitting such infrastructure critical data, the results show a promising high reliability with low transmission latency. The experiments served just to test a fragment of the conditions of use in a real scenario. An expanded test scope is needed to further analyze the performance of mobile radio for automatic control in smart grids. In the end the results discussed in this paper led to a successful prototype of an intelligent medium-voltage grid with mobile radio as communication technology KW - mobile radio KW - cellular data transmission KW - 3G KW - 4G KW - Smart Grid KW - communication Y1 - 2014 UR - http://journals.theired.org/journals/paper/details/5456.html SN - 2319-7498 VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 69 EP - 75 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schliermann, Rainer A1 - Stolz, Isabel A1 - Anneken, Volker T1 - The sports background, personality, attitudes, and social competencies of coaches and assistant coaches in the ‘Just Soccer’ program for pupils with intellectual disabilities JF - Human Movement N2 - The purpose of this study was to empirically analyze the sports background, personality dimensions, attitudes, and social competencies of adult head coaches and young assistant coaches involved in the German Einfach Fußball ( Just Soccer) program, which promotes the participation of pupils with intellectual disabilities in soccer/sports and society. Methods. The study recruited 28 head coaches and 29 assistant coaches who completed a questionnaire battery of standardized instruments (NEO Five-Factor Inventory, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, Social Self-Efficacy) as well as self-developed instruments. Analysis of the data involved descriptive and inferential statistical procedures. A descriptive comparison of the assistant coaches with a normative sample of males aged 16–20 years was performed. Results. The head coaches were found with little soccer/sports experience with persons with disabilities prior to participation in the Just Soccer program. However, the majority were familiar with these persons through personal/vocational contacts. Overall, the head coaches were differentiated by formal coaching levels and playing backgrounds, with very few holding any additional formal qualifications in special education. The assistant coaches pre sented below average scores in the analyzed five personality dimensions when compared with the normative sample. Their attitudes and social competencies did not change during their 8-month involvement in Just Soccer . Conclusions. The findings highlight the important role of the coaching staff in the success of the Just Soccerprogram. coaches involved in such activities should be familiarized with needs of people with disabilities, be stress-resistant, and possess a balanced set of personality traits. In addition, the results suggest that such individuals should be coaches/players from conventional soccer clubs instead of special school physical education teachers. KW - participation KW - inclusion KW - soccer KW - disabilities KW - personality KW - attitudes Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/humo-2015-0009 SN - 1732-3991 VL - 15 IS - 3 SP - 177 EP - 185 PB - Versita CY - Warsaw ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Middel, Luise A1 - Popp, Christof A1 - Raptis, Georgios A1 - Sutter, Tamara A1 - Gutbrod, Max T1 - Konzeption und Aufbau einer technischen Telepräsenzrobotik-Plattform für die Unterstützung von Schlaganfallpatient*innen in der Pflege, Logopädie und Physiotherapie T2 - Digitale Technik für ambulante Pflege und Therapie Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783839462355-002 SP - 19 EP - 58 PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Högele, Wolfgang A1 - Löschel, Rainer A1 - Dobler, Barbara A1 - Kölbl, Oliver A1 - Zygmanski, Piotr T1 - Bayesian estimation applied to stochastic localization with constraints due to interfaces and boundaries JF - Mathematical Problems in Engineering N2 - Purpose We present a systematic Bayesian formulation of the stochastic localization/triangulation problem close to constraining interfaces. Methods For this purpose, the terminology of Bayesian estimation is summarized suitably for applied researchers including the presentation of Maximum Likelihood (ML), Maximum A Posteriori (MAP), and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) estimation. Explicit estimators for triangulation are presented for the linear 2D parallel beam and the nonlinear 3D cone beam model. The priors in MAP and MMSE optionally incorporate (A) the hard constraints about the interface and (B) knowledge about the probability of the object with respect to the interface. All presented estimators are compared in several simulation studies for live acquisition scenarios with 10,000 samples each. Results First, the presented application shows that MAP and MMSE perform considerably better, leading to lower Root Mean Square Errors (RMSEs) in the simulation studies compared to the ML approach by typically introducing a bias. Second, utilizing priors including (A) and (B) is very beneficial compared to just including (A). Third, typically MMSE leads to better results than MAP, by the cost of significantly higher computational effort. Conclusion Depending on the specific application and prior knowledge, MAP and MMSE estimators strongly increase the estimation accuracy for localization close to interfaces. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/960421 SN - 1563-5147 VL - 213 PB - HIndawi ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frikel, Jürgen T1 - Sparse regularization in limited angle tomography JF - Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis N2 - We investigate the reconstruction problem of limited angle tomography. Such problems arise naturally in applications like digital breast tomosynthesis, dental tomography, electron microscopy, etc. Since the acquired tomographic data is highly incomplete, the reconstruction problem is severely ill-posed and the traditional reconstruction methods, e.g. filtered backprojection (FBP), do not perform well in such situations. To stabilize the reconstruction procedure additional prior knowledge about the unknown object has to be integrated into the reconstruction process. In this work, we propose the use of the sparse regularization technique in combination with curvelets. We argue that this technique gives rise to an edge-preserving reconstruction. Moreover, we show that the dimension of the problem can be significantly reduced in the curvelet domain. To this end, we give a characterization of the kernel of the limited angle Radon transform in terms of curvelets and derive a characterization of solutions obtained through curvelet sparse regularization. In numerical experiments, we will show that the theoretical results directly translate into practice and that the proposed method outperforms classical reconstructions. KW - Curvelets KW - Dimensionality reduction KW - limited angle tomography KW - Radon transform KW - Sparse regularization Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acha.2012.03.005 VL - 34 IS - 1 SP - 117 EP - 141 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kral, Christian A1 - Haumer, Anton ED - Schmidt, Matthias T1 - Object Oriented Modeling of Rotating Electrical Machines T2 - Advances in Computer Science and Engineering Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-953-307-173-2 SN - 978-953-51-5990-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5772/15898 SP - 135 EP - 160 PB - IntechOpen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Trost, Marco A1 - Claus, Thorsten A1 - Herrmann, Frank T1 - Social Sustainability in Production Planning: A Systematic Literature Review JF - Sustainability N2 - Sustainable production includes economic, environmental, and social aspects. However, social sustainability has received less attention, especially compared to the economic aspects. Next to technical and organizational measures, social improvements within supply chains can also be achieved through suitable production planning. Within production planning, production programs are determined, and the assignment of available resources (e.g., employees) is specified. Thus, the utilization and workload of employees are defined. This systematic literature review investigates to what extent such employee-related social aspects are reflected in production planning and discusses whether economic aspects dominate them. For this, a Scopus database search was carried out and 76 identified approaches were analyzed and categorized regarding the occurring employee-related social aspects and their implementation. Thus far, the approaches mainly consider single aspects on single planning levels. A consideration of a broad set of aspects along the entire production planning has rarely been studied. In particular, health and safety aspects are considered on the levels of assembly line balancing and job rotation. However, their impact is primarily determined by the specific settings of the decision-maker. To support decision-makers, only a few studies have investigated the effects based on real application scenarios. Further potential might be an extended modeling of social and economic interdependencies and a consideration of employee-related social aspects in medium- to long-term production planning. KW - ASSEMBLY-LINE KW - employee KW - ERGONOMIC RISKS KW - FATIGUE KW - FLOWSHOP SCHEDULING PROBLEM KW - JOB ROTATION SCHEDULES KW - LINE BALANCING PROBLEM KW - literature review KW - MODEL KW - MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS KW - production planning KW - social sustainability KW - SUPPLY CHAIN KW - WORKER ASSIGNMENT Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/su14138198 VL - 14 IS - 13 SP - 1 EP - 31 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maerz, Manuel A1 - Treutwein, Marius A1 - Nabo, Jan A1 - Dobler, Barbara T1 - Three-dimensional printers applied for the production of beam blocks in total body irradiation treatment JF - Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics N2 - Purpose: Total body irradiation (TBI) in extended source surface distance (SSD) is a common treatment technique before hematopoietic stem cell transplant. The lungs are organs at risk, which often are treated with a lower dose than the whole body. Methods: This can be achieved by the application of blocks. Three-dimensional (3D) printers are a modern tool to be used in the production process of these blocks. Results: We demonstrate the applicability of a specific printer and printing material, describe the process, and evaluate the accuracy of the product. Conclusion: The blocks and apertures were found to be applicable in clinical routine. KW - 3D printer KW - electron beam apertures KW - photon beam blocks KW - Radiotherapy KW - STEM-CELL TRANSPLANTATION KW - TBI KW - total body irradiation Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/acm2.13592 VL - 23 IS - 5 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Wiley ER - TY - GEN ED - Weber, Karsten ED - Haug, Sonja ED - Lauer, Norina ED - Meussling-Sentpali, Annette ED - Mohr, Christa ED - Pfingsten, Andrea ED - Raptis, Georgios ED - Bahr, Gudrun T1 - Digitale Technik für ambulante Pflege und Therapie BT - Herausforderungen, Lösungen, Anwendungen und Forschungsperspektiven N2 - Jedes Jahr erleiden 270.000 Menschen in Deutschland einen Schlaganfall. In vielen Fällen können die betroffenen Personen wieder nach Hause zurückkehren und ihr Leben fortführen, benötigen dabei aber ambulante Pflege- und Therapiemaßnahmen. Gerade in ländlichen Regionen bringt dies erhebliche Herausforderungen mit sich, denen sich neue Technologien und die Digitalisierung entgegenstellen. Die Beiträger*innen des Bandes diskutieren erste Ergebnisse des Projekts »DeinHaus 4.0 Oberpfalz« aus interdisziplinärer Sicht, bei dem die Möglichkeit des Einsatzes von Telepräsenzrobotern zur Unterstützung ambulanter Pflege- und Therapiemaßnahmen untersucht wird. T3 - Regensburger Beiträge zur Digitalisierung des Gesundheitswesens - 1 KW - Pflege KW - Gesundheit KW - Technik KW - Telepräsenzroboter KW - Schlaganfall Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.transcript-verlag.de/978-3-8376-6235-1 SN - 978-3-8376-6235-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.14361/9783839462355 N1 - Gefördert durch das Bayerische Staatsministerium für Gesundheit und Pflege in der Projektreihe DeinHaus 4.0 PB - Transcript CY - Bielefeld ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nadzharyan, Timur A. A1 - Shamonin (Chamonine), Mikhail A1 - Kramarenko, Elena Yu T1 - Theoretical Modeling of Magnetoactive Elastomers on Different Scales: A State-of-the-Art Review JF - Polymers N2 - A review of the latest theoretical advances in the description of magnetomechanical effects and phenomena observed in magnetoactive elastomers (MAEs), i.e., polymer networks filled with magnetic micro- and/or nanoparticles, under the action of external magnetic fields is presented. Theoretical modeling of magnetomechanical coupling is considered on various spatial scales: from the behavior of individual magnetic particles constrained in an elastic medium to the mechanical properties of an MAE sample as a whole. It is demonstrated how theoretical models enable qualitative and quantitative interpretation of experimental results. The limitations and challenges of current approaches are discussed and some information about the most promising lines of research in this area is provided. The review is aimed at specialists involved in the study of not only the magnetomechanical properties of MAEs, but also a wide range of other physical phenomena occurring in magnetic polymer composites in external magnetic fields. KW - magnetodeformation KW - magnetorheological effect KW - mechanical properties KW - magnetic particles KW - theoretical modeling KW - magnetorheological elastomersn KW - magnetoactive elastomers Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14194096 VL - 14 IS - 19 SP - 1 EP - 42 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cheong, Kuan Yew A1 - Aw, Kean A1 - Karimov, Khasan S. A1 - Zhao, Feng A1 - Mahroof-Tahir, Mohammad A1 - Schreiner, Rupert T1 - Advances in Smart Materials and Applications JF - Advances in Materials Science and Engineering N2 - This is one of a series of special issues published in Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, focusing on the latest advances of smart materials and their applications. Evolution of engineering materials is strongly depending on the growing transformation of complexity in engineering products. New materials being designed are required to provide specific properties and demonstrate certain functional characteristics by manipulating their dimension, chemistry, and structure through various advanced technologies. Therefore, “smartness” of a material has become the topic of interest. Properties of smart materials may change accordingly to the applied external stimuli. Under the direction of the editorial team, we showcase advances of organic and inorganic based smart materials and their applications in areas of specific interest such as energy, environment, and health. A total of 9 articles are published in this special issue. Six articles are focused on production, synthesis, and optimization of smart materials; and the remaining are dedicated to application of smart materials. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/517342 PB - Hindawi ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jain, Brijnesh A1 - Froese, Vincent A1 - Schultz, David T1 - An average-compress algorithm for the sample mean problem under dynamic time warping JF - Journal of Global Optimization N2 - Computing a sample mean of time series under dynamic time warping is NP-hard. Consequently, there is an ongoing research effort to devise efficient heuristics. The majority of heuristics have been developed for the constrained sample mean problem that assumes a solution of predefined length. In contrast, research on the unconstrained sample mean problem is underdeveloped. In this article, we propose a generic average-compress (AC) algorithm to address the unconstrained problem. The algorithm alternates between averaging (A-step) and compression (C-step). The A-step takes an initial guess as input and returns an approximation of a sample mean. Then the C-step reduces the length of the approximate solution. The compressed approximation serves as initial guess of the A-step in the next iteration. The purpose of the C-step is to direct the algorithm to more promising solutions of shorter length. The proposed algorithm is generic in the sense that any averaging and any compression method can be used. Experimental results show that the AC algorithm substantially outperforms current state-of-the-art algorithms for time series averaging. KW - Time series averaging KW - Fréchet function KW - Heuristic KW - Nonconvex optimization Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10898-023-01294-9 PB - Springer ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Maiwald, Frederik A1 - Kroth, Lea A1 - Laskin, Alexander A1 - Hierl, Stefan A1 - Schmidt, Michael T1 - Enlarging the process window in absorber-free laser transmission welding of polymer foils using tailored laser intensity distribution T2 - Procedia CIRP N2 - Absorber-free laser transmission welding enables precise and clean joining of polymer foils without absorbent additives or adhesives. It is well suited for applications in medical technology and food industry, which impose high demands on process reliability. To achieve a large process window and thus a reliable process, a homogeneous weld seam temperature is desirable. For this purpose, the intensity distribution of the laser beam is adapted locally by refractive beam shaping optics. Using a donut-shaped intensity distribution, the weld seam temperature is homogenized. Thus, the process window for welding polypropylene or polyethylene foils is enlarged up to a factor of 4 compared to a conventional, Gaussian-shaped distribution. This enables the reliable welding of even 85 µm thin foils, which could only be welded to a limited extent with a conventional laser intensity distribution. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2024.08.159 N1 - accepted by publisher VL - 124 SP - 489 EP - 493 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sommoggy, Julia A1 - Grepmeier, Eva-Maria A1 - Apfelbacher, Christian A1 - Brandstetter, Susanne A1 - Curbach, Janina T1 - Pediatricians’ experiences of managing outpatient care during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study in Germany JF - Frontiers in Pediatrics N2 - Background: Pediatricians are important sources of information for parents regarding their children's health. During the COVID-19 pandemic, pediatricians faced a variety of challenges regarding information uptake and transfer to patients, practice organization and consultations for families. This qualitative study aimed at shedding light on German pediatricians’ experiences of providing outpatient care during the first year of the pandemic. Methods: We conducted 19 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with pediatricians in Germany from July 2020 to February 2021. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, pseudonymized, coded, and subjected to content analysis. Results: Pediatricians felt able to keep up to date regarding COVID-19 regulations. However, staying informed was time consuming and onerous. Informing the patients was perceived as strenuous, especially when political decisions had not been officially communicated to pediatricians or if the recommendations were not supported by the professional judgment of the interviewees. Some felt that they were not taken seriously or adequately involved in political decisions. Parents were reported to consider pediatric practices as sources of information also for non-medical inquiries. Answering these questions was time consuming for the practice personnel and involved non-billable hours. Practices had to adapt their set-up and organization immediately to the new circumstances of the pandemic, which proved costly and laborious as well. Some changes in the organization of routine care, such as the separation of appointments for patients with acute infection from preventive appointments, were perceived as positive and effective by some study participants. Telephone and online consultations were established at the beginning of the pandemic and considered helpful for some situations, whereas for others these methods were deemed insufficient (e.g. for examinations of sick children). All pediatricians reported reduced utilization mainly due to a decline in acute infections. However, preventive medical check-ups and immunization appointments were reported to be mostly attended. Conclusion: Positive experiences of reorganizing pediatric practice should be disseminated as “best practices” in order to improve future pediatric health services. Further research could show how some of these positive experiences in reorganizing care during the pandemic are to be maintained by pediatricians in the future. KW - COVID-19 KW - pediatric care KW - outpatient care KW - content analysis KW - pandemic Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2023.1127238 VL - 11 PB - frontiers ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Johannsen, Florian A1 - Zellner, Gregor A1 - Griesberger, Philipp T1 - Creating a Functional Interdependency Map for Supporting the “Act of Improvement” in Business Process Improvement Projects JF - International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology (IJSSMET) N2 - Business process improvement (BPI) is of high priority for practitioners. But especially the most value-adding phase in a BPI project, namely the “act of improvement”, is insufficiently supported despite the many existing methods and techniques. Until now, it is largely unclear as to what degree existing BPI techniques support each other and are interrelated with one another. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the functional interdependencies between BPI techniques to get a better understanding for the beneficial synergies between the BPI techniques and to provide a basis for purposefully combining them within projects. Based on the functional interdependencies, a graphical “Functional Interdependency Map” is developed and its usability demonstrated in an experiment. The paper is valuable for academics and practitioners alike because the impact of BPI on organizational performance is high. KW - BPI Technique KW - Business Process KW - Case Study KW - Conceptual Model KW - Design Science KW - Experiment KW - Map KW - Metamodel Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4018/IJSSMET.295557 SN - 1947-959X VL - 13 IS - 1 PB - IGI Global ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kral, Christian A1 - Haumer, Anton A1 - Kapeller, Hansjörg A1 - Pirker, Franz T1 - Design and Thermal Simulation of Induction Machines for Traction in Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles JF - World Electric Vehicle Journal N2 - An electric traction machine for an electric or a hybrid electric vehicle is usually designed for a specific operating point or cycle. For such an operating point or cycle, the masses and the cooling circuit of the electric machine determine the time dependent temperature distribution within the machine. For a specific load cycle, the thermal simulation of the machine can reveal possible mass and size reductions for a given insulation class of the machine. In addition, such simulations allow the comparison of various cooling concepts. In the machine design process, the first step is a conventional electromagnetic machine design. From the geometric data of this design and the material properties, the parameters of a thermal equivalent circuit can be derived. The differential and algebraic equations of the thermal equivalent circuit are solved by a simulation tool to predict the temperatures of the critical parts in the electric machine. A thermal equivalent circuit is accurate enough to predict the thermal behavior of the critical parts in the electric machine, and yet not too complex, to obtain simulation results with moderate numerical effort. This enables an iterative design process to optimize the drive. KW - Induction Motor KW - Electric Drive KW - Modeling KW - Simulation KW - Thermal Management Y1 - 2007 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj1010190 SN - 2032-6653 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 190 EP - 196 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stadler, Sebastian A1 - Cornet, Henriette A1 - Frenkler, Fritz T1 - Assessing Heuristic Evaluation in Immersive Virtual Reality: A Case Study on Future Guidance Systems JF - Multimodal Technologies and Interaction N2 - A variety of evaluation methods for user interfaces (UI) exist such as usability testing, cognitive walkthrough, and heuristic evaluation. However, UIs such as guidance systems at transit hubs must be evaluated in their intended application field to allow the effective and valid identification of usability flaws. However, what if evaluations are not feasible in real environments, or laboratorial conditions cannot be ensured? Based on adapted heuristics, in the present study, the method of heuristic evaluation is combined with immersive Virtual Reality (VR) for the identification of usability flaws of dynamic guidance systems (DGS) at transit hubs. The study involved usability evaluations of nine DGS concepts using the newly proposed method. The results show that compared to computer-based heuristic evaluations, the use of immersive VR led to the identification of an increased amount of “severe” usability flaws as well as overall usability flaws. Within a qualitative assessment, immersive VR is validated as a suitable tool for conducting heuristic evaluations involving significant advantages such as the creation of realistic experiences in laboratorial conditions. Future work seeks to further prove the suitability of using immersive VR for heuristic evaluations and compare the proposed method to other evaluative methods. KW - virtual reality KW - heuristic evaluation KW - human-computer interaction KW - user interfaces KW - guidance system Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/mti7020019 SN - 2414-4088 VL - 7 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cornet, Henriette A1 - Stadler, Sebastian A1 - Kong, Penny A1 - Marinkovic, Goran A1 - Frenkler, Fritz A1 - Sathikh, Peer Mohideen T1 - User-centred design of autonomous mobility for public transportation in Singapore JF - Transportation Research Procedia N2 - The paper presents a set of methods for user-centred design of autonomous mobility for public transportation in the context of a multi-disciplinary research programme in Singapore, called TUMCREATE. While traffic engineers plan the operation of the new mobility system, the Industrial Designers of TUMCREATE take on the role of designing the autonomous vehicles (AVs) and infrastructure for greater comfort and a positive travel experience for users. Tasks have been identified to promote user acceptance and facilitate the operation of autonomously driven vehicles for public transport. To fulfil these tasks, conventional design methods have been enhanced with Virtual Reality (VR) technology and with simulations developed by the computer scientists of TUMCREATE. Since public transportation is a complex and broad area, it cannot be investigated with a single design method. First results showed that conventional methods that consider the Universal Design principles guarantee the accessibility, usability and understandability of AVs and stations. VR has been identified as a suitable tool for Industrial Designers to evaluate communication concepts between AVs and pedestrians. This confirms that digital tools (i.e. VR) enhance conventional design methods, especially with regard to technologies that are not available on the market yet (e.g. AVs) KW - user-centred design KW - public transportation KW - autonomous mobility KW - design methods Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2019.09.038 SN - 2352-1465 VL - 41 SP - 191 EP - 203 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pourshahidi, Ali Mohammad A1 - Jean, Neha A1 - Kaulen, Corinna A1 - Jakobi, Simon A1 - Krause, Hans-Joachim T1 - Impact of Particle Size on the Nonlinear Magnetic Response of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles during Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection JF - Sensors N2 - Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), particularly iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), play a pivotal role in biomedical applications ranging from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancement and cancer hyperthermia treatments to biosensing. This study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and application of IONPs with two different size distributions for frequency mixing magnetic detection (FMMD), a technique that leverages the nonlinear magnetization properties of MNPs for sensitive biosensing. IONPs are synthesized through thermal decomposition and subsequent growth steps. Our findings highlight the critical influence of IONP size on the FMMD signal, demonstrating that larger particles contribute dominantly to the FMMD signal. This research advances our understanding of IONP behavior, underscoring the importance of size in their application in advanced diagnostic tools. KW - frequency mixing magnetic detection KW - magnetic nanoparticles KW - magnetic particle spectroscopy KW - magnetic biosensing KW - thermal decomposition KW - iron oxide nanoparticles KW - MNP characterization Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s24134223 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 24 IS - 13 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stadler, Sebastian A1 - Cornet, Henriette A1 - Frenkler, Fritz ED - Boess, S. ED - Cheung, M ED - Cain, R. T1 - Collecting People’s Preferences in Immersive Virtual Reality: A Case Study on Public Spaces in Singapore, Germany, and France T2 - Synergy - DRS International Conference 2020, 11-14 August, held online N2 - In the design of urban public spaces, the inclusion of diverse voices enhances the development of products and services by synchronising designer expertise with people’s preferences. Multiple participatory methods exist, each with their respective benefits and drawbacks in terms of the quality of results, time and cost needed for preparing and conducting studies, and knowledge required for participation. Providing more concrete representations of abstract or intangible design concepts would be beneficial for laypeople unfamiliar with design or the case study. We propose a Virtual Reality (VR) platform to discover subjective preferences on public waiting rooms through immersive design experiences. The VR platform was tested with 463 participants with variety in age and cultural background. Following a qualitative data analysis, we discuss the suitability of our VR platform for fostering inclusive participation and how it impacts the role of the designer, as well as propose design guidelines for future VR studies. KW - virtual reality KW - participatory design method KW - user preferences KW - design guidelines Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2020.308 SP - 1185 EP - 1200 PB - Design Research Society ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Himmelein, Susanne A1 - Perez Ruiz de Garibay, Aritz A1 - Brandel, Veronika A1 - Zierfuß, Frank A1 - Bingold, Tobias Michael T1 - The ADVanced Organ Support (ADVOS) hemodialysis system removes IL-6: an in vitro proof-of-concept study JF - Intensive care medicine experimental N2 - BACKGROUND IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine modulating inflammation and metabolic pathways. Its proinflammatory effect plays a significant role in organ failure pathogenesis, commonly elevated in systemic inflammatory conditions. Extracorporeal blood purification devices, such as the Advanced Organ Support (ADVOS) multi hemodialysis system, might offer potential in mitigating IL-6's detrimental effects, yet its efficacy remains unreported. METHODS We conducted a proof-of-concept in vitro study to assess the ADVOS multi system's efficacy in eliminating IL-6. Varying concentrations of IL-6 were introduced into a swine blood model and treated with ADVOS multi for up to 12 h, employing different blood and concentrate flow rates. IL-6 reduction rate, clearance, and dynamics in blood and dialysate were analyzed. RESULTS IL-6 clearance rates of 0.70 L/h and 0.42 L/h were observed in 4 and 12-h experiments, respectively. No significant differences were noted across different initial concentrations. Reduction rates ranged between 40 and 46% within the first 4 h, increasing up to 72% over 12 h, with minimal impact from flow rate variations. Our findings suggest that an IL-6-albumin interaction and convective filtration are implicated in in vitro IL-6 elimination with ADVOS multi. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time an efficient and continuous in vitro removal of IL-6 by ADVOS multi at low blood flow rates. Initial concentration-dependent removal transitions to more consistent elimination over time. Further clinical investigations are imperative for comprehensive data acquisition. KW - Extracorporeal blood purification KW - Albumin dialysis KW - Multiple organ failure, KW - Advanced organ support KW - IL-6 KW - Cytokines Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40635-024-00652-5 SN - 2197-425X VL - 12 IS - 1 PB - SpringerOpen CY - Berlin ; Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Uhrhan, Katja A1 - Schwindt, Esther A1 - Witte, Hartmut T1 - Fabrication and Dielectric Validation of an Arm Phantom for Electromyostimulation JF - Bioengineering N2 - Electromyostimulation (EMS) is an up-and-coming training method that demands further fundamental research regarding its safety and efficacy. To investigate the influence of different stimulation parameters, electrode positions and electrode sizes on the resulting voltage in the tissue, a tissue mimicking phantom is needed. Therefore, this study describes the fabrication of a hydrogel arm phantom for EMS applications with the tissue layers of skin, fat, blood and muscle. The phantom was dielectrically validated in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 100 Hz. We also conducted electromyography (EMG) recordings during EMS on the phantom and compared them with the same measurements on a human arm. The phantom reproduces the dielectric properties of the tissues with deviations ranging from 0.8% to more than 100%. Although we found it difficult to find a compromise between mimicking the permittivity and electrical conductivity at the same time, the EMS-EMG measurements showed similar waveforms (1.9-9.5% deviation) in the phantom and human. Our research contributes to the field of dielectric tissue phantoms, as it proposes a multilayer arm phantom for EMS applications. Consequently, the phantom can be used for initial EMS investigations, but future research should focus on further improving the dielectric properties. KW - tissue phantom KW - electromyostimulation KW - electrical muscle stimulation KW - dielectric validation KW - electromyography Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11070724 SN - 2306-5354 VL - 11 IS - 7 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rösl, Gerhard A1 - Seitz, Franz T1 - Uncertainty, politics, and crises: The case for cash JF - Latin American Journal of Central Banking N2 - We analyze the repercussions of different kinds of uncertainty on cash demand, including uncertainty of cashless infrastructures, confidence crises of the financial system, natural disasters, political uncertainties, and inflationary crises. Based on a comprehensive literature survey and complemented by case studies, we derive a classification scheme how cash holdings typically evolved in each of these types of uncertainty over the past 30 years by separating between demand for domestic and international cash as well as between transaction and store of value balances. Hereby, we focus on the stabilizing macroeconomic properties of cash and recommendguidelines for cash supply by central banks and the banking system. Finally, we exemplify ouranalysis with five case studies from the developing world, namely Venezuela, Zimbabwe, Afghanistan, Iraq, and Libya. KW - Cash KW - Banknotes KW - Money KW - Crises KW - Stabilization KW - Uncertainty Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.latcb.2024.100128 SN - 2666-1438 VL - 5 IS - 3 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Laux, Lea A1 - Erdődi, László A1 - Selgrad, Kai T1 - Trust as the Elephant in the Room: Security Evaluation of Decentralized Online Social Networks with Mastodon T2 - Norsk IKT-konferanse for forskning og utdanning N2 - Federated online social networks are an alternative to centralized and often profit-driven social networks. Instead of providing exactly one main platform, federated and decentralized approaches consist of multiple platforms, nodes or instances, leading to new challenges for guaranteeing confidentiality, integrity and availability. In addition, privacy is taken into close consideration due to the sensitive nature of processed personal data and the purpose of online social networks as well as the user behavior on social media. The recent popularity and broad use of the federated micro-blogging platform Mastodon issues the matter of security and privacy challenges for this type of architecture and the specific platform as well. Mastodon is part of a larger network called Fediverse with several platforms with different purposes. Communication and interoperability between Fediverse platforms is mostly achieved by ActivityPub protocol as standard for decentralized social networking, defined by W3C. We analyze Mastodon as the currently most prominent and largest example of a Fediverse platform. Therefore, we perform tests for typical types of software vulnerabilities as well as evaluate common security challenges built into its design. As a result, we identify trust as security principle as critical issue, leading to multiple weak points such as enabling attackers and malicious actors to spread misleading information as well as network availability impacts. We suggest possible solutions customized to our findings as well as general security recommendations when building a federated online social network such as the Fediverse KW - Federated Online Social Networks KW - Security Evaluation KW - Security Design Review Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.ntnu.no/ojs/index.php/nikt/article/view/5653 IS - 3 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zwingel, Maximilian A1 - Kedilioglu, Oguz A1 - Reitelshöfer, Sebastian A1 - Mauerer, Wolfgang T1 - Optimization Problems in Production and Planning: Approaches and Limitations in View of Possible Quantum Superiority T2 - Annals of Scientific Society for Assembly, Handling and Industrial Robotics 2023 Y1 - 2023 SN - 9783031740091 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schiering, Nadine A1 - Eichstädt, Sascha A1 - Heizmann, Michael A1 - Koch, Wolfgang A1 - Schneider, Linda-Sophie A1 - Scheele, Stephan A1 - Sommer, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Modelling of measuring systems – From white box models to cognitive approaches JF - Measurement: Sensors N2 - Mathematical models of measuring systems and processes play an essential role in metrology and practical measurements. They form the basis for understanding and evaluating measurements, their results and their trustworthiness. Classic analytical parametric modelling is based on largely complete knowledge of measurement technology and the measurement process. But due to digital transformation towards the Internet of Things (IIoT) with an increasing number of intensively and flexibly networked measurement systems and consequently ever larger amounts of data to be processed, data-based modelling approaches have gained enormous importance. This has led to new approaches in measurement technology and industry like Digital Twins, Self-X Approaches, Soft Sensor Technology and Data and Information Fusion. In the future, data-based modelling will be increasingly dominated by intelligent, cognitive systems. Evaluating of the accuracy, trustworthiness and the functional uncertainty of the corresponding models is required. This paper provides a concise overview of modelling in metrology from classical white box models to intelligent, cognitive data-driven solutions identifying advantages and limitations. Additionally, the approaches to merge trustworthiness and metrological uncertainty will be discussed. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measen.2024.101503 SN - 2665-9174 PB - Elsevier BV ER -