TY - JOUR A1 - Pourshahidi, Ali Mohammad A1 - Jean, Neha A1 - Kaulen, Corinna A1 - Jakobi, Simon A1 - Krause, Hans-Joachim T1 - Impact of Particle Size on the Nonlinear Magnetic Response of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles during Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection JF - Sensors N2 - Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), particularly iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), play a pivotal role in biomedical applications ranging from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancement and cancer hyperthermia treatments to biosensing. This study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and application of IONPs with two different size distributions for frequency mixing magnetic detection (FMMD), a technique that leverages the nonlinear magnetization properties of MNPs for sensitive biosensing. IONPs are synthesized through thermal decomposition and subsequent growth steps. Our findings highlight the critical influence of IONP size on the FMMD signal, demonstrating that larger particles contribute dominantly to the FMMD signal. This research advances our understanding of IONP behavior, underscoring the importance of size in their application in advanced diagnostic tools. KW - frequency mixing magnetic detection KW - magnetic nanoparticles KW - magnetic particle spectroscopy KW - magnetic biosensing KW - thermal decomposition KW - iron oxide nanoparticles KW - MNP characterization Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s24134223 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 24 IS - 13 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stadler, Sebastian A1 - Cornet, Henriette A1 - Frenkler, Fritz ED - Boess, S. ED - Cheung, M ED - Cain, R. T1 - Collecting People’s Preferences in Immersive Virtual Reality: A Case Study on Public Spaces in Singapore, Germany, and France T2 - Synergy - DRS International Conference 2020, 11-14 August, held online N2 - In the design of urban public spaces, the inclusion of diverse voices enhances the development of products and services by synchronising designer expertise with people’s preferences. Multiple participatory methods exist, each with their respective benefits and drawbacks in terms of the quality of results, time and cost needed for preparing and conducting studies, and knowledge required for participation. Providing more concrete representations of abstract or intangible design concepts would be beneficial for laypeople unfamiliar with design or the case study. We propose a Virtual Reality (VR) platform to discover subjective preferences on public waiting rooms through immersive design experiences. The VR platform was tested with 463 participants with variety in age and cultural background. Following a qualitative data analysis, we discuss the suitability of our VR platform for fostering inclusive participation and how it impacts the role of the designer, as well as propose design guidelines for future VR studies. KW - virtual reality KW - participatory design method KW - user preferences KW - design guidelines Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2020.308 SP - 1185 EP - 1200 PB - Design Research Society ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Himmelein, Susanne A1 - Perez Ruiz de Garibay, Aritz A1 - Brandel, Veronika A1 - Zierfuß, Frank A1 - Bingold, Tobias Michael T1 - The ADVanced Organ Support (ADVOS) hemodialysis system removes IL-6: an in vitro proof-of-concept study JF - Intensive care medicine experimental N2 - BACKGROUND IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine modulating inflammation and metabolic pathways. Its proinflammatory effect plays a significant role in organ failure pathogenesis, commonly elevated in systemic inflammatory conditions. Extracorporeal blood purification devices, such as the Advanced Organ Support (ADVOS) multi hemodialysis system, might offer potential in mitigating IL-6's detrimental effects, yet its efficacy remains unreported. METHODS We conducted a proof-of-concept in vitro study to assess the ADVOS multi system's efficacy in eliminating IL-6. Varying concentrations of IL-6 were introduced into a swine blood model and treated with ADVOS multi for up to 12 h, employing different blood and concentrate flow rates. IL-6 reduction rate, clearance, and dynamics in blood and dialysate were analyzed. RESULTS IL-6 clearance rates of 0.70 L/h and 0.42 L/h were observed in 4 and 12-h experiments, respectively. No significant differences were noted across different initial concentrations. Reduction rates ranged between 40 and 46% within the first 4 h, increasing up to 72% over 12 h, with minimal impact from flow rate variations. Our findings suggest that an IL-6-albumin interaction and convective filtration are implicated in in vitro IL-6 elimination with ADVOS multi. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time an efficient and continuous in vitro removal of IL-6 by ADVOS multi at low blood flow rates. Initial concentration-dependent removal transitions to more consistent elimination over time. Further clinical investigations are imperative for comprehensive data acquisition. KW - Extracorporeal blood purification KW - Albumin dialysis KW - Multiple organ failure, KW - Advanced organ support KW - IL-6 KW - Cytokines Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40635-024-00652-5 SN - 2197-425X VL - 12 IS - 1 PB - SpringerOpen CY - Berlin ; Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Uhrhan, Katja A1 - Schwindt, Esther A1 - Witte, Hartmut T1 - Fabrication and Dielectric Validation of an Arm Phantom for Electromyostimulation JF - Bioengineering N2 - Electromyostimulation (EMS) is an up-and-coming training method that demands further fundamental research regarding its safety and efficacy. To investigate the influence of different stimulation parameters, electrode positions and electrode sizes on the resulting voltage in the tissue, a tissue mimicking phantom is needed. Therefore, this study describes the fabrication of a hydrogel arm phantom for EMS applications with the tissue layers of skin, fat, blood and muscle. The phantom was dielectrically validated in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 100 Hz. We also conducted electromyography (EMG) recordings during EMS on the phantom and compared them with the same measurements on a human arm. The phantom reproduces the dielectric properties of the tissues with deviations ranging from 0.8% to more than 100%. Although we found it difficult to find a compromise between mimicking the permittivity and electrical conductivity at the same time, the EMS-EMG measurements showed similar waveforms (1.9-9.5% deviation) in the phantom and human. Our research contributes to the field of dielectric tissue phantoms, as it proposes a multilayer arm phantom for EMS applications. Consequently, the phantom can be used for initial EMS investigations, but future research should focus on further improving the dielectric properties. KW - tissue phantom KW - electromyostimulation KW - electrical muscle stimulation KW - dielectric validation KW - electromyography Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11070724 SN - 2306-5354 VL - 11 IS - 7 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rösl, Gerhard A1 - Seitz, Franz T1 - Uncertainty, politics, and crises: The case for cash JF - Latin American Journal of Central Banking N2 - We analyze the repercussions of different kinds of uncertainty on cash demand, including uncertainty of cashless infrastructures, confidence crises of the financial system, natural disasters, political uncertainties, and inflationary crises. Based on a comprehensive literature survey and complemented by case studies, we derive a classification scheme how cash holdings typically evolved in each of these types of uncertainty over the past 30 years by separating between demand for domestic and international cash as well as between transaction and store of value balances. Hereby, we focus on the stabilizing macroeconomic properties of cash and recommendguidelines for cash supply by central banks and the banking system. Finally, we exemplify ouranalysis with five case studies from the developing world, namely Venezuela, Zimbabwe, Afghanistan, Iraq, and Libya. KW - Cash KW - Banknotes KW - Money KW - Crises KW - Stabilization KW - Uncertainty Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.latcb.2024.100128 SN - 2666-1438 VL - 5 IS - 3 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Laux, Lea A1 - Erdődi, László A1 - Selgrad, Kai T1 - Trust as the Elephant in the Room: Security Evaluation of Decentralized Online Social Networks with Mastodon T2 - Norsk IKT-konferanse for forskning og utdanning N2 - Federated online social networks are an alternative to centralized and often profit-driven social networks. Instead of providing exactly one main platform, federated and decentralized approaches consist of multiple platforms, nodes or instances, leading to new challenges for guaranteeing confidentiality, integrity and availability. In addition, privacy is taken into close consideration due to the sensitive nature of processed personal data and the purpose of online social networks as well as the user behavior on social media. The recent popularity and broad use of the federated micro-blogging platform Mastodon issues the matter of security and privacy challenges for this type of architecture and the specific platform as well. Mastodon is part of a larger network called Fediverse with several platforms with different purposes. Communication and interoperability between Fediverse platforms is mostly achieved by ActivityPub protocol as standard for decentralized social networking, defined by W3C. We analyze Mastodon as the currently most prominent and largest example of a Fediverse platform. Therefore, we perform tests for typical types of software vulnerabilities as well as evaluate common security challenges built into its design. As a result, we identify trust as security principle as critical issue, leading to multiple weak points such as enabling attackers and malicious actors to spread misleading information as well as network availability impacts. We suggest possible solutions customized to our findings as well as general security recommendations when building a federated online social network such as the Fediverse KW - Federated Online Social Networks KW - Security Evaluation KW - Security Design Review Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.ntnu.no/ojs/index.php/nikt/article/view/5653 IS - 3 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zwingel, Maximilian A1 - Kedilioglu, Oguz A1 - Reitelshöfer, Sebastian A1 - Mauerer, Wolfgang T1 - Optimization Problems in Production and Planning: Approaches and Limitations in View of Possible Quantum Superiority T2 - Annals of Scientific Society for Assembly, Handling and Industrial Robotics 2023 Y1 - 2023 SN - 9783031740091 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schiering, Nadine A1 - Eichstädt, Sascha A1 - Heizmann, Michael A1 - Koch, Wolfgang A1 - Schneider, Linda-Sophie A1 - Scheele, Stephan A1 - Sommer, Klaus-Dieter T1 - Modelling of measuring systems – From white box models to cognitive approaches JF - Measurement: Sensors N2 - Mathematical models of measuring systems and processes play an essential role in metrology and practical measurements. They form the basis for understanding and evaluating measurements, their results and their trustworthiness. Classic analytical parametric modelling is based on largely complete knowledge of measurement technology and the measurement process. But due to digital transformation towards the Internet of Things (IIoT) with an increasing number of intensively and flexibly networked measurement systems and consequently ever larger amounts of data to be processed, data-based modelling approaches have gained enormous importance. This has led to new approaches in measurement technology and industry like Digital Twins, Self-X Approaches, Soft Sensor Technology and Data and Information Fusion. In the future, data-based modelling will be increasingly dominated by intelligent, cognitive systems. Evaluating of the accuracy, trustworthiness and the functional uncertainty of the corresponding models is required. This paper provides a concise overview of modelling in metrology from classical white box models to intelligent, cognitive data-driven solutions identifying advantages and limitations. Additionally, the approaches to merge trustworthiness and metrological uncertainty will be discussed. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measen.2024.101503 SN - 2665-9174 PB - Elsevier BV ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Groten, Damian A1 - Ortner, Martina A1 - Rudolph, Clarissa T1 - Interdisziplinäre Untersuchungen der extremen Rechten in Bayern – Start des Forschungsverbundes ForGeRex JF - ZRex – Zeitschrift für Rechtsextremismusforschung Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3224/zrex.v4i2.08 SN - 2701-9624 VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 266 EP - 268 PB - Verlag Barbara Budrich ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Brandstetter, Manuela ED - Peer, Christian T1 - Empowerment - Wer ermächtigt wen nachhaltig? Ein Klärungsversuch T2 - Urbane Transformation durch soziale Innovation N2 - Empowerment bzw. Ermächtigung ist seit den 1980ern in internationalen und nationalen Diskursen als einflussreiches, transdisziplinäres Konzept quer zu wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen und gesellschaftlichen Funktionssystemen gut bekannt. Es thematisiert soziale Ungleichheiten und zielt auf deren Überwindung. Anhand eines konkreten Beispiels wird im folgenden Beitrag gezeigt, wie Empowerment-Ansätze implementiert werden und an ihren Ansprüchen auch scheitern können. In refeudalisierenden Praxen der Statuszuweisung zeigt sich, dass Ermächtigungsansätze auch ausschließend wirken und Ungleichheiten verschärfen können. Transformationsvorhaben aus Gemeinwohl‑Ökonomie, aus sozial-ökologisch nachhaltigem Handeln gleichermaßen wie aus regionaler und urbaner Planung mit Ermächtigungsanspruch können diesem Risiko aufsitzen, so die These dieses Beitrags. KW - Aushandlung KW - Gemeinwohl KW - Gerechtigkeit KW - Kapital KW - Soziales KW - Wirksamkeit Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-80767 SN - 978-3-85448-064-8_4 SP - 25 EP - 32 PB - TU Wien Academic Press CY - Wien ER -