TY - CHAP A1 - Neidhart, Thomas ED - Wegener, Thomas T1 - Bodenphysikalische und bodenmechanische Anforderungen an ZFSV (Flüssigboden) als Bettungsmaterialien erdverlegter Hochspannungsleitungen T2 - Rohrleitungen in digitalen Arbeitswelten : Tagungsband zum 31. Oldenburger Rohrleitungsforum 2017 Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-3-8027-2865-5 SP - 337 PB - Vulkan Verlag CY - Essen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang ED - Mähner, Dietmar ED - Beisler, Matthias ED - Heimbecher, Frank T1 - Durable and Sustainable Shotcrete – Requirements Concerning Workability and Early Strength Development T2 - Shotcrete for Underground Support XIII : New Developments in Rock Engineering, Tunneling, Underground Space and Deep Excavation [Conference Sept. 3-6, 2017] N2 - Nowadays there is a special need to develop “new” construction materials to reduce the environmental footprint of structures. Investigations focus on durability of constructions and the use of sustainable materials and the reduction of CO2 emission (especially of the binder). Constructions have to be sustainable and durable. This will lead to low maintenance work and costs as well as a good life cycle performance. The aim of the Austrian research project „Advanced and Sustainable Shotcrete - ASSpC“ is to improve shotcrete mix design regarding durability and sustainability. There are different ways which may lead to success, one possibility is to replace part of the clinker content in the binder with supplementary cementitious materials. But it is crucial that new mix designs fulfil the technical requirements on site concerning workability and early age strength development, too. One central issue of the research project is to investigate how the pumpability of shotcrete can be determined in lab. At the moment there is no proven method available to measure the pumpability of shotcrete. Several test methods are used to determine the stability, tendency to segregation, bleeding and of course the consistency of concrete. Common test methods like the spread flow table and V-funnel flow time are used as well as two point test methods like the concrete rheometer eBT2 and Sliper. The segregation tendency is evaluated by the filter pressing test and the bucket setting test. Results from lab will be compared to results from site to define threshold values and parameters which describe the pumping characteristics of shotcrete base mix. In addition to that the early age strength development of the shotcrete mix design is investigated with the Minishot System designed by Sika. The shotcrete system is downscaled to a mini spray unit. In opposite to common test methods it is not necessary to mix the accelerator into the cement paste or mortar, but it will be added at the nozzle. The paste is sprayed by a downscaled nozzle and thus a realistic shear stress can be achieved. The paste is applied to a pulsment ultrasound spectrometer and the shear modulus development is measured continuously over time. The results can be linked to the strength development of shotcrete. The paper presents the tests procedures mentioned above in detail as well as first results with different shotcrete mix-designs. Y1 - 2017 UR - https://dc.engconfintl.org/shotcrete_xiii/7/ ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wolfrum, Dominik A1 - Neidhart, Thomas T1 - Kontaktverhalten zwischen warmgehenden Rohren und ZFSV T2 - 4. Flüssigbodentagung D-A-CH : zum aktuellen Stand der Wissenschaft, Forschung und Entwicklung ; Koblenz 22.02.2017 Y1 - 2017 UR - https://idw-online.de/de/attachmentdata56257.pdf ER - TY - GEN ED - Kusterle, Wolfgang ED - Teubert, Oliver ED - Greim, Markus T1 - Rheologische Messungen an Baustoffen 2018: Tagungsband zum 27. Workshop und Kolloquium, 7. und 8. März an der OTH Regensburg KW - Baustoff KW - Rheologische EIgenschaft Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-7469-1878-5 PB - tredition CY - Hamburg ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Ottl, Andreas A1 - Rieger, Walter T1 - Reinigung der Laderäume von Binnenschiffe nach Düngemitteltransporten Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.bestellen.bayern.de/application/eshop_app000002?SID=1280764195&ACTIONxSESSxSHOWPIC(BILDxKEY:%27stmuv_abfall_004%27,BILDxCLASS:%27Artikel%27,BILDxTYPE:%27PDF%27) ER - TY - GEN A1 - Neidhart, Thomas T1 - Einführung in die Thematik "Zulassungen" und das Fräs-Misch-Injektionsverfahren (FMI) T2 - 11.Tiefbaufachtagung in Dresden, 08. - 09-02.2017 Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thiel, Charlotte A1 - Goetzfried, Franz Xaver A1 - Gehlen, Christoph T1 - Physikalische und chemische Auswirkungen von tauenden Chloriden auf Betone von Verkehrsbauwerken JF - Straße und Autobahn N2 - Zur Untersuchung des Einflusses von Loesungen der Tausalze Natriumchlorid, Calciumchlorid und Magnesiumchlorid auf die Dauerhaftigkeit von Beton wurden unter praxisnahen Bedingungen im Labor Betonprobekoerper, mit typischen Qualitaeten fuer Verkehrsbauwerke, unterschiedlichen Belastungszyklen unterzogen. Auch bei extremer Belastung durch wiederholte Nass- und Trockenphasen mit anschliessenden zyklischen Frost-Tau-Wechseln waren die physikalischen und chemischen Auswirkungen auf die Betone gering. Die festgestellten Unterschiede der verschiedenen Tausalze im Schaedigungsverhalten sind fuer die Praxis vernachlaessigbar. Fuer die Winterdienstpraxis laesst sich die Schlussfolgerung ziehen, dass zur Herstellung von Feuchtsalz im Hinblick auf die Dauerhaftigkeit von Strassenbeton und XF4-Beton die Loesungen der Chloride von Natrium, Calcium und Magnesium gleichermassen geeignet sind. Auch bei vorbeugender Fluessigstreuung mit NaCl-Sole ist auf Fahrbahnen mit normkonform zusammengesetztem Beton lediglich ein extrem geringer Angriff zu erwarten. (A) ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: To investigate the influence of solutions of the de-icing salts sodium chloride, calcium chloride and magnesium chloride onto the durability of concrete, concrete specimens, with typical qualities for roads and bridges, were subjected to different load cycles under practical conditions. Also in the case of extreme load through repeated wet and dry phases with subsequent cyclical freeze-thaw-attack the physical and chemical effects on the concrete were low. The found differences of the different de-icing salts in the damage behaviour are negligible for the practice. The results prove that for the generation of pre-wetted salt, the solutions of the chlorides of sodium, calcium and magnesium are equally suitable with regard to the durability of concrete used in road construction and of XF4 concrete. Also in the case of preventive liquid spraying with NaCI-brine only an extremely small attack is to be expected on roads constructed with concrete conform to the current standards. Y1 - 2013 VL - 64 IS - 9 SP - 684 EP - 688 PB - Kirschbaum ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kessler, Sylvia A1 - Thiel, Charlotte A1 - Grosse, Christian U. A1 - Gehlen, Christoph T1 - Effect of freeze–thaw damage on chloride ingress into concrete JF - Materials and Structures N2 - In cold climates, reinforced concrete structures (RCSs) are frequently and severely damaged by freeze–thaw (FT) and deicing-salt attack during winter periods. FT action can also cause additional water uptake known as frost suction. If a critical degree of water saturation is exceeded, severe deterioration of the microstructure of the concrete is likely, enhancing chloride ingress and increasing the probability of corrosion of its reinforcement. We present herein a test method to characterize the resistance of concrete to FT and chloride ingress. Chloride migration tests were performed on concretes with different degrees of FT deterioration, with and without deicing agents. The performance of RCSs is decisively affected under these combined actions. Quantitative description of the resulting FT damage is achieved using ultrasonic measurements and resonance frequency analysis. The test results confirm that the latter nondestructive test method provides more reliable evaluation of FT damage compared with usual ultrasonic pulse velocity measurements. Different concretes with supplementary cementitious materials and different degrees of FT deterioration with and without deicing agents were tested. While concrete made with air-entraining agents clearly showed the best FT resistance, concrete with ground-granulated blast-furnace slag showed superior resistance to both chloride migration and FT attack, both being positively affected by appropriate curing conditions. KW - Chloride ingress KW - Combined environmental attack KW - Freeze–thaw damage KW - Resonance frequency analysis KW - Ultrasonic measurement Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-016-0984-4 VL - 50 IS - 2 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Olsson, Nilla A1 - Abdul Wahid, Fatmawati A1 - Nilsson, Lars-Olof A1 - Thiel, Charlotte A1 - Wong, Hong S. A1 - Baroghel-Bouny, Véronique T1 - Wick action in mature mortars with binary cements containing slag or silica fume - The relation between chloride and moisture transport properties under non-saturated conditions JF - Cement and Concrete Research N2 - Moisture and ionic transport under non-saturated condition is an important, but poorly understood transport phenomena particularly for mature systems containing supplementary cementitious materials. This paper investigates the moisture and chloride profiles of 3-year old mortars containing Portland cement (OPC), slag and silica fume (SF) after long-term (30–48 months) wick action exposure in 1.09 M NaCl solution. Moisture profiles were measured with ¹H NMR relaxometry and chloride profiles with microXRF. The measured profiles were discussed in relation to moisture dependent material properties such as chloride diffusion coefficients, moisture diffusion coefficients, and desorption isotherms. Results show that the combination of different cementitious materials, e.g. the cementitious binder, is the key factor affecting chloride penetration depth. The cementitious binder also strongly affects chloride diffusion coefficient, moisture diffusion coefficient and chloride binding properties, which are all important parameters for the prediction of chloride ingress. KW - Chloride KW - Durability KW - Long-Term Performance KW - Microstructure KW - Transport properties Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.06.006 VL - 111 IS - September SP - 94 EP - 103 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Van den Heede, Philip A1 - Thiel, Charlotte A1 - De Belie, Nele T1 - Natural and accelerated carbonation behaviour of high-volume fly ash (HVFA) mortar: Effects on internal moisture, microstructure and carbonated phase proportioning JF - Cement and Concrete Composites N2 - Binders with large portions of carbon-intensive Portland cement replaced by supplementary cementitious materials (e.g. fly ash) are more susceptible to carbonation mainly due to their lower CO2 buffering capacity. This conclusion is usually drawn from accelerated experiments at elevated CO2 levels involving processes that seriously differ from natural carbonation. The resulting presence of H2O reactant in the pore system and the carbonated microstructure itself may be very different. In this paper, these phenomena were investigated for High-Volume Fly Ash (HVFA) mortar via carbonation tests at ±0.04% CO2 (natural carbonation), 1% CO2 and 10% CO2. Internal humidity sensor monitoring and 1H NMR relaxometry revealed the highest water vapour and liquid water contents after carbonation at 10% CO2. Carbonation at 10% CO2 results in a coarser pore structure than carbonation at 1% CO2, and this probably due to a higher degree of C–S–H carbonation. KW - 1H NMR relaxometry KW - Carbonation KW - Mercury intrusion porosimetry KW - Moisture sensors KW - Multi-ring electrodes KW - Thermogravimetric analysis Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103713 VL - 113 IS - October PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Spirkl, Florian A1 - Neidhart, Thomas ED - Moormann, Christian ED - Vogt-Breyer, Carola T1 - Lastaufteilung in Lastverteilungsschichten über Stabilisierungssäulen T2 - 13. Kolloquium Bauen in Boden und Fels, Fachtagung über aktuelle Herausforderungen der Geotechnik: Tagungshandbuch 2022, 1. und 2. Februar 2022, Ostfildern N2 - Stabilisierungssäulen mit darüberliegender Lastverteilungsschicht stellen eine wirtschaftliche, technisch sichere Alternative zur klassischen Tiefgründungen dar. Dabei ist eine möglichst genaue Kenntnis über die Aufteilung der Lasten zwischen Säulen und Weichschicht erforderlich. Für die Quantifizierung der Lastverteilung wurden schon eine Vielzahl an Berechnungsansätze entwickelt. Zunächst wird eine Auswahl an Ansätzen vorgestellt, die eine direkte Berechnung der Lastumlagerung ermöglichen. Diese Berechnungsansätze werden anhand der zu Grunde liegenden Modelle und Randbedingungen sowie der prognostizierten Lastumlagerung verglichen. Anschließend werden die direkten Ansätze mit Berechnungen der Last-Transfer-Methode und der Finite-Element-Methode verglichen. Abschließend wird detailliert auf die FE-Berechnungen, insbesondere die Lastumlagerung für Lastverteilungsschichten geringer Mächtigkeiten, eingegangen. Dabei konnte eine sehr gute Übereinstimmung des vorgestellten Ansatzes mit den Ergebnissen der Finite-Element-Methode erzielt werden. Y1 - 2022 SP - 287 EP - 297 PB - expert CY - Tübingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thiel, Charlotte A1 - Skarabis, Jens A1 - Gehlen, Christoph A1 - Goetzfried, Franz Xaver T1 - Einfluss des Sulfatgehalts von Tausalzen auf den Frost-Tausalz-Widerstand von Betonen im Bereich der Bundesfernstraßen JF - Straße und Autobahn Y1 - 2010 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350344182_Einfluss_des_Sulfatgehalts_von_Tausalzen_auf_den_Frost-Tausalz-Widerstand_von_Betonen_im_Bereich_der_Bundesfernstrassen IS - 11 SP - 811 EP - 815 PB - Kirschbaum ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Thiel, Charlotte A1 - Holme, L. A1 - Erlacher, L. A1 - Gehlen, Christoph ED - Adelaide Araújo, Maria ED - Van Tittelboom, Kim T1 - Effect of real climatic conditions on freeze-thaw induced damage of concrete T2 - Durable Concrete for Infrastructure under Severe Conditions : Smart admixtures, self-responsiveness and nano-additions, Proceedings 10-11 September 2019, Ghent, Belgium N2 - The analysis of German weather data from 1996 to 2019 reveals a development in climate towards freeze-thaw exposure conditions which are detrimental to concrete durability. This trend may intensify freeze-thaw attack in future and lead to more internal and/or external damage in concrete structures. This contribution considers the inclusion of real climate conditions in laboratory simulations. Weather data were recorded and compared with depth-resolved measurements of humidity and temperature in concrete samples stored at the median site of an expressway. The strength of attack depends mainly on the amount of damaging freeze-thaw cycles (minimum temperature <-5°C in combination with moisture). In addition, the salt content of the contact water, minimum temperature and thickness of the ice layer on the concrete surface are decisive. Experiments show that internal and to a minor degree also external damage increase due to lower heating rates. The exposure of the sample itself (i.e. compass direction and removal of snow) affects the resulting damage evolution significantly. In order to save resources and enable the production of more sustainable concrete structures, current accelerated tests need to be adapted to real climatic conditions. 1. Introduction Adaptation to climate change and the associated extreme weather events represents a crucial challenge for our society. The durability of concrete, the most frequently used building material, is highly dependent on the local environment of concrete structures. In the case of a freeze-thaw de-icing salt attack, this is given by essentially the number of frost-thaw cycles (FTC) relevant to damage, the minimum temperature, the thickness of the ice layer, the moisture conditions and the concentration of salt. By investigating the interdependencies, the depth of scaling of the concrete surface per winter period can be predicted as a function of parameters accounting for the different effects of the concrete composition (air content, w/b ratio and binder type), curing time, carbonation and the duration and formation of damaging freeze-thaw cycles, [1, 2]. In order to quantify the individual effects and map them in an engineering model, a large number of laboratory tests are necessary. For this purpose, a known freeze-thaw cycle usually has to be modified. While it is already known that the cooling rate [3] and holding time at minimum temperature [4] affect scaling development, we investigated the effect of different heating rates on scaling on freeze-thaw de-icing salt attack. KW - Freeze-thaw deicing salt attack KW - heating rate KW - field exposure KW - climate weather data KW - moisture uptake Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.sintef.no/globalassets/project/lorcenis/completed-proceedings_version20191025_lorceniswebsite.pdf SN - 978-9-463-88638-3 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Thiel, Charlotte A1 - Gehlen, Christoph T1 - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Magnetic Resonance Imaging T2 - Methods of Measuring Moisture in Building Materials and Structures N2 - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) enables to quantify the hydrogen nuclei in a sample and thus indirectly the water content. Here, hydrogen nuclei are put in oscillation (resonance) by applying a magnetic field and additional irradiation with pulsed electromagnetic waves of certain frequencies. In case all hydrogen nuclei of a sample are exclusively bound in water molecules, the resulting initial amplitude of the detected NMR signal is directly proportional to the water content. The subsequent attenuation of the oscillation is caused by relaxation mechanisms and provides information on the mobility and thus the binding states of the hydrogen nuclei. Therefore even the pore size distribution can be determined in completely water-saturated samples. If the magnetic field is graded, images can be created based on spatially resolved nuclei density distributions (MRI). Depending on the research objective, tailored choice of equipment and settings can be used to qualitatively and mostly quantitatively analyze almost every moisture-related problem. The article gives an overview of the existing NMR methods, equipment, influencing parameters, calibration techniques, applications and limitations. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74231-1_13 SP - 99 EP - 108 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gehlen, Christoph A1 - Thiel, Charlotte A1 - Stengel, Thorsten T1 - Ökobilanz für die Herstellung und Nutzung eines Autobahnabschnitts JF - Griffig : Aktuelles über Verkehrsflächen aus Beton N2 - Im Rahmen einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung hat sich u.a. Deutschland dazu verpflichtet, klimaschädigende Emissionen zu reduzieren. Luftschadstoffe werden zu erheblichen Teilen durch den Straßenverkehr verursacht. Die potentiellen Umweltwirkungen, die bei der Herstellung und Nutzung eines 1 km langen Autobahnabschnitts mit vier verschiedenen Oberbauarten wurden in einer Ökobilanz ermittelt und miteinander verglichen. Durch Berücksichtigung der Verkehrsbelastung während einer dreißigjährigen Nutzungsdauer werden die Auswirkungen des Treibstoffverbrauchs verdeutlicht. Mögliche Einsparpotentiale werden dargelegt. Y1 - 2010 UR - https://www.guetegemeinschaft-beton.de/fileadmin/guetegemeinschaft-beton-de/media/Redaktion/PDF-Dateien/Griffig_1_2010_Ansichts.pdf IS - 1 SP - 16 PB - Gütegemeinschaft Verkehrsflächen aus Beton e.V. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lataste, Jean-François A1 - Hansen, Kurt Kielsgaard A1 - Nilsson, Lars-Olof A1 - Thiel, Charlotte A1 - Schießl-Pecka, Angelika A1 - Göller, Arndt A1 - Gehlen, Christoph T1 - Spatial Distributions T2 - Methods of Measuring Moisture in Building Materials and Structures N2 - In many applications moisture measurements are made to estimate the moisture differences between different points in a structure. Here, it is often more important to use a “simple” method that is easy and rapid to use in many points instead of necessarily obtain the exact moisture level in each point. The objective with “moisture indications” like that could very well be to select points where more accurate moisture measurements are to be made. The measuring principle to apply is of course a trade-off between accuracy and simplicity. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74231-1_19 SP - 173 EP - 190 PB - Springer ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gehlen, Christoph A1 - Thiel, Charlotte T1 - Specification of building materials for in service durability T2 - Proceedings ICSBM 2019: 2nd international conference of sustainable building materials, 2019, Eindhoven N2 - To assess whether a structural element made of a given building material can withstand the expected mechanical load and environmental exposure in service, designers need information on the material resistances and loads as well as the local conditions. The durability of a building material in the structure can only be assessed if these factors are taken into account. Usually, the material resistances are obtained from laboratory tests. However, the performance of materials under standardized laboratory conditions differs from those occurring in the field. This paper considers this assessment problem and develops a solution strategy based on carbonation-induced corrosion as an example. Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-90-386-4898-9 SP - 31 EP - 40 PB - Technische Universiteit Eindhoven CY - Eindhoven ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hansen, Kurt Kielsgaard A1 - Lataste, Jean-François A1 - Thiel, Charlotte T1 - ND-Methods - From a Surface T2 - Methods of Measuring Moisture in Building Materials and Structures N2 - A complicated application is to measure a moisture distribution with depth from a surface non-destructively. Only a few methods are suitable for such a case. KW - Complicated Applications KW - Electrical Resistivity Tomography KW - Gray Straight Line KW - Integral Moisture Content KW - Resistivity Distribution Model Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74231-1_21 SP - 193 EP - 198 PB - Springer ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nilsson, Lars-Olof A1 - Agostini, Franck A1 - Thiel, Charlotte T1 - Installation of Probes T2 - Methods of Measuring Moisture in Building Materials and Structures KW - Evaporable Water Content KW - Large Moisture Gradient KW - Mortar Coupling KW - Roof Park KW - Wooden Rings Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74231-1_23 SP - 207 EP - 219 PB - Springer ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Thiel, Charlotte A1 - Schoen, Alex A1 - Gehlen, Christoph T1 - Einfluss der CO2-Permeation auf die Carbonatisierung zementgebundener Baustoffe T2 - Tagungsbericht: Ibausil, 20. Internationale Baustofftagung, 12.-14. September 2018, Weimar Y1 - 2018 SP - 153 EP - 161 PB - Bauhaus-Universität Weimar ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Thiel, Charlotte A1 - Lowke, Dirk A1 - Gehlen, Christoph T1 - Effect of minimum temperature, salt and moisture content on concrete under freeze-thaw deicing salt attack T2 - ICDC 2012 : International Congress on Durability of Concrete; Trondheim, Norway, 18-21 June 2012 N2 - While in the field of reinforcement corrosion service life prediction is well-established, there is still need for a user-friendly design model in the field of freeze-thaw deicing salt attack. This attack is one of the major causes of damage to concrete structures in cold climates. The degree of moisture during the first freeze-thaw-cycles exceeds moisture saturation by capillary suction and diffusion. When a critical degree of saturation is reached before freezing damage occurs immediately. As a consequence, depending on the concrete resistance (e.g. pore structure of the concrete) and the severeness of the freeze-thaw load (e.g. minimum temperature, moisture offer and salt concentration), a certain number of freeze-thaw cycles is needed before damage occurs (initial phase). The main exposure parameters influencing the initial phase as well as the subsequent evolution of damage (deterioration phase) are the minimum temperature as well as the salt and moisture content. These factors were determined by single-sided NMR, gravimetry and mercury intrusion porosimetry respectively. Three different concrete compositions were exposed to freeze-thaw deicing salt load at different minimum temperatures. To investigate the influence of the initial moisture content concrete specimens were continuously exposed to freeze-thaw load while other specimens from the same batch were exposed to alternating freeze-thaw exposure with intermediate dry periods. It was found that the minimum temperature and intermediate dry periods had a significant influence on the initial phase as well as on the degradation phase. In addition, higher chloride content in the near-surface concrete reduced the scaling rate. The chloride content under freeze-thaw exposure with 3% NaCl solution in laboratory significantly exceeded typical contents due to capillary suction and diffusion. Increasing the minimum temperature increased the chloride content. The investigations form the basis for service life prediction of concrete towards freeze-thaw deicing salt attack. KW - freeze-thaw deicing salt attack KW - moisture movement Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.3243.9367 PB - Norwegian Concrete Association ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Thiel, Charlotte A1 - Beddoe, Robin E. A1 - Lowke, Dirk A1 - Gehlen, Christoph T1 - Accelerated carbonation: changes in water transport, porosity and phases of mortar due to different CO 2 pressures T2 - Proceedings of the 10th fib International PhD Symposium in Civil Engineering, July 21 to 23, 2014, Québec, Canada N2 - Currently, the carbonation resistance of concrete is assessed on the basis of accelerated tests performed with high (unrealistic) CO2 concentrations. It remains unclear whether these high concentrations reflect the processes occurring under natural conditions and enable the accurate prediction of field behaviour. To develop future test procedures with higher reliability, it is necessary to deepen the knowledge on the mechanisms of carbonation. Thin slices of mortar were stored in a gaseous mixture of 2 % CO2 and 98 % N2 at atmospheric pressure or 5 bar. IH-NMR equipment was used to detennine moisture profiles with aresolution of 0.2 mm. At 5 bar a drying front at the near-surface region of the mortar discs severely inhibited the progression of the carbonation reactions. This effect was prevented by exposure to altemating cycles of pressure and storage at atmospheric pressure (65%RH) which significantly increased the rate of carbonation, but was too severe to resolve the effect of cement type on carbonation resistance. Furthermore , the evolution of water beyond the carbonation front of mortar sampies under accelerated concentration and at atmospheric pressure was clearly visible. This may lead to an overestimation of carbonation resistance of sampies tested under accelerated conditions at the optimal relative humidity for natural carbonation (50-70% RH). Y1 - 2014 UR - https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/doc/1230854/1230854.pdf SP - 217 EP - 221 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Thiel, Charlotte A1 - Beddoe, Robin E. T1 - Investigating the role of moisture on concrete carbonation using single-sided H-NMR T2 - International RILEM Conference on Materials, Systems and Structures in Civil Engineering 2016 - Conference segment on Moisture in Materials and Structures, 22-24 August 2016, Lyngby, Denmark N2 - Accelerated test methods are commonly used in order to predict concrete carbonation in natural concentrations. Here, specimens are carbonated at high CO 2 concentrations at a specified temperature and relative humidity. However, the transfer of laboratory results to field behaviour remains difficult because CO 2 transport is affected by the original moisture content of the specimens and additional moisture formed by the carbonation reaction. Therefore knowledge on moisture transport and content during carbonation is required. Specimens made with Ordinary Portland cement and a water/cement ratio 0.50 were exposed to 0.05, 2 and 10 vol.% CO 2 for 28 days. Single-sided NMR moisture profiles were determined before, during and after carbonation. It is shown that moisture content increases due to carbonation at high CO 2 10 %) in the beginning of the exposure. An increase in capillary pore water in front and behind the carbonation front could be observed even after 28d. During natural carbonation moisture changes are mainly due to the change in porosity produced by the carbonation reactions. It is shown that changes in phase composition and thus porosity dominate the carbonation process in cement-based materials. Therefore, the suitability of high CO 2 concentrations is limited for an accelerated test that reflects field condition. Single-sided 1 H NMR proved to be a valuable tool to investigate moisture transport in concrete non-destructively. Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-2-35158-171-1 SP - 261 EP - 268 PB - RILEM Publications S.A.R.L. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Thiel, Charlotte A1 - Lowke, Dirk A1 - Gehlen, Christoph T1 - Detection of Transport Processes during Freeze-Thaw Deicing Salt Attack Using Single-Sided NMR T2 - Microstructural-related durability of cementitious composites : Second International Conference on Microstructural-related Durability of Cementitious Composites, 11 - 13 April 2012, Amsterdam N2 - Damage of concrete structures exposed to a combined freeze-thaw deicing salt attack (FTDSA) is one of the major deterioration mechanisms in cold climates. Before damage occurs, concrete structures subjected to freeze-thaw cycles (FTC) in the presence of water or deicing salt solution exhibit fast moisture uptake known as frost suction. There is still need for research in describing and modelling the mechanisms that lead to freeze-thaw induced surface scaling of concrete. Therefore, the moisture transport under FTDSA was investigated using single-sided 1 H NMR. The technique enables the observation of dynamic transport processes of water inside the sample non-destructively. Furthermore, porosity and pore size distribution of water saturated samples can be determined. The method also provides information on the mobility of water, i.e. water in capillaries or in gel pores. Water redistribution in pores as well as changes in the pore structure inside the near surface concrete sample under FTDSA were observed with single-sided 1 H NMR. The measurements confirmed the additional saturation of gel pores during thawing previously described by the micro ice lens model. The results are discussed within the context of the mechanisms of freeze-thaw deicing salt attack of concrete and contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that lead to freeze-thaw deterioration of concrete. Y1 - 2012 PB - RILEM ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Thiel, Charlotte A1 - Keßler, Sylvia A1 - Chillé, R. A1 - Gehlen, Christoph T1 - Effect of internal freeze-thaw deterioration on chloride migration in concrete T2 - Life-Cycle and Sustainability of Civil Infrastructure Systems : proceedings of the third International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering, Vienna, Austria, 3 - 6 October 2012 N2 - Depending on the specific exposure conditions, reinforced concrete structures (RCS) are simultaneously subjected to different physical and chemical loads. While in the field of reinforcement corrosion, service life prediction based on full-probabilistic models is well-established, the consequences of combined attack have been neglected until now. The most frequent “load” combination on RCS in cold climates are freeze-thaw attack which can lead to inner or outer damage and chloride ingress which can lead to reinforcement corrosion. In an experimental study four different concrete compositions are exposed either to a defined freeze-thaw attack or stored in moist environment. Afterwards, the chloride migration coefficient of the specimens which were both exposed to freeze-thaw-cycles and not, was determined with a modified rapid chloride migration test. The results clearly show an influence of freeze-thaw-induced internal damage on chloride ingress depending on concrete composition. Y1 - 2012 PB - CRC Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Franke, Wolfram A1 - Thiel, Charlotte A1 - Duran, F. A1 - Gehlen, Christoph T1 - Effect of Calcium Nitrate on the freeze-thaw-resistance of concrete T2 - Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress on Concrete Durability, 2, 2014, New Delhi N2 - Concrete in cold climates is not only exposed to cold weather while concreting but also to freeze-thaw cycles during its lifetime. Thus not only the concrete production needs to be adjusted to the environmental conditions but also the mixture has to be durable and resist the environmental impacts. Commonly an air entraining agent is used to interrupt the capillary pore system and to provide further space for the freezing water to expand. The downside of this approach is a loss in compressive strength. Within this paper the effect of simultaneous use of air entraining agent and calcium nitrate is discussed. It is shown that calcium nitrate can counteract strength loss due to the air entraining agent without reducing the durability gain in the same extent. A certain combination of calcium nitrate and air entraining agent can also be used to increase the freeze-thaw-resistance. KW - air entrainer KW - calcium nitrate KW - Durability KW - freeze-thaw-resistance Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hansen, Kurt Kielsgaard A1 - Lataste, Jean-François A1 - Nilsson, Lars-Olof A1 - Thiel, Charlotte A1 - Michel, Alexander T1 - Specimen or Core; In the Laboratory T2 - Methods of Measuring Moisture in Building Materials and Structures : State-of-the-Art Report of the RILEM Technical Committee 248-MMB N2 - When also the sides, of a specimen or a core from a structure, are available during the moisture measurement procedure numerous techniques are applicable compared with when only the exposed surface is available. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74231-1_24 SP - 221 EP - 228 PB - Springer ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Thiel, Charlotte A1 - Lowke, Dirk A1 - Gehlen, Christoph T1 - Praxisgerechte Modellierung des Schädigungsverlaufs von Betonen unter Frost-Tausalz-Angriff -Einfluss der Austrocknung T2 - Tagungsbericht / IBAUSIL, 18. Internationale Baustofftagung : 12.-15. September 2012, Weimar, Band 2 Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-3-00-034075-8 PB - Bauhaus-Univ. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Thiel, Charlotte A1 - Stengel, Thorsten T1 - Nachhaltigkeitsaspekte von Oberbauweisen aus Asphalt und Beton T2 - 10. Münchener Baustoffseminar GRIFFIG - LEISE - DAUERHAFT, Asphalt und Beton im Straßenbau, 10, 2012, München Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Thiel, Charlotte A1 - Gehlen, Christoph T1 - Compliance testing for probabilistic durability design purposes T2 - Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering (IALCCE 2018), 28-31 October 2018, Ghent, Belgium Y1 - 2018 PB - Taylor & Francis ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mühlbauer, Simon A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Schneider, Josef T1 - Seismic Assessment and Retrofitting Of Damaged Quarry Stone Buildings in Nepal T2 - Proceedings of 2nd the International Conference on Civil Engineering Fundamentals and Applications (ICCEFA'21): Virtual Conference - November 21 - 23, 2021 N2 - The scope of this contribution is to provide and analyse a rehabilitation concept for typical brick residential buildings in Nepal damaged after the spring 2015 earthquake of magnitude 7.8. Development workers of Engineers Without Borders Germany travelled the same year to the village of Lurpung, southeast of Kathmandu to inspect damages and recommended primary approaches for the earthquake-resistant reconstruction of residential buildings [1]. A detailed restructuring concept is developed herein based on the aforementioned recommended approaches and optimized in terms of time and cost based on information reflecting site conditions and experience. For this purpose, a horizontal timber bracing has been designed, which consists to a large extent of local existing materials. It is demonstrated that the strengthening can be applied in an area of high seismic activity and to simple quarry stone masonry buildings typical for Nepal. In a first stage, a detailed FE-model was developed, focusing on a realistic load-bearing behaviour of a representative typical structure. Thereby it is ensured that the most accurate internal forces and stresses can be obtained from the FEM analyses for further verification and retrofitting. Following the modelling, the equivalent static horizontal forces as a result of the relevant response spectrum are generated using the FE-software. Based on this procedure and with reference to Eurocode EN 1995 [2] for timber structures, the bracing system has been dimensioned for the maximum normal force resulting from the earthquake with a return period of 225 years corresponding to a peak ground acceleration of 0.35g. The considered earthquake reflects the regional seismicity described herein by a respective response spectrum with regard to the seismic provisions of Eurocode EN 1998 [3]. The reduced return period of 225 years compared to 475 years applied in design is selected in order to reflect a more reluctant safety target for existing structures [4]. The respective seismic hazard analysis is taken from Pradhan [5] and Chaulagain [6] and represents site specific conditions. The improvement of the overall load-bearing behaviour influenced by the bracing, is subsequently checked by verifying the masonry walls using the Eurocode for masonry EN 1996 [7]. The material resistance parameters are taken from local studies and related testing outcomes [8]. The obtained structural analysis results show that wall shear capacity is utilized up to a ratio of 65% and the wall bending capacity is exceeded by 72%. However, when compared with the original building, it can be determined that the mutual floor displacements can be reduced by a factor of up to 4.3 due to the proposed bracing system. Consequently, further retrofitting measures are recommended for the masonry. In that respect lower reliability levels can be of interest since a “discount” in the safety requirements for existing structures, however by fulfilling acceptable human safety levels, is usually unavoidable due to economical constraints. The contribution leads to the conclusion that by retaining the static replacement system in the form of a truss, but adapting the building materials used, the basic functionality of the xamined system can be provided. Although the FEM calculations have demonstrated satisfactory results further experimental campaigns are necessary to define the material properties of the considered typical building structures with respect to the analysed failure modes. The proposed approach supports efficient design of interventions in post-earthquake phases. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.11159/iccefa21.110 PB - Avestia Publishing ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris T1 - Snow Load Monitoring - Measure to Control Reliability of the Roof of a Stadium T2 - International Conference Structural Reliability & Modelling in Mechanics, 24.-25.05.2018, Ostrava, Czech Republic N2 - This contribution shows how monitoring can be used to control reliability of a structure not complying with the requirements of Eurocodes. A general methodology to obtain cost-optimal decisions using limit state design, probabilistic reliability analysis and cost estimates is utilised in a full-scale case study dealing with the roof of a stadium located in Northern Italy. The results demonstrate the potential of monitoring systems and probabilistic reliability analysis to support decisions regarding safety measures such as snow removal, or temporary closure of the stadium. KW - Cost optimisation KW - decision making criteria KW - Eurocodes KW - monitoring KW - reliability analysis KW - snow load KW - stadium roof KW - standard Y1 - 2018 UR - www.researchgate.net/publication/325569518_Snow_Load_Monitoring_-_Measure_to_Control_Reliability_of_the_Roof_of_a_Stadium ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grimm, Sebastian A1 - Huther, Heiko A1 - Neidhart, Thomas A1 - Weidlich, Ingo T1 - Einsatz fließfähiger Verfüllstoffe zur KMR-Verlegung in Gräben und Haubenkanälen JF - Bbr : Leitungsbau, Brunnenbau, Geothermie N2 - Zeitweise fließfähige, selbstverdichtende Verfüllbaustoffe (ZFSV) sind zwar seit Jahrzehnten bei zahlreichen Gewerken im Einsatz - in der Fernwärmebranche hingegen sind sie bis heute erst in Ansätzen etabliert. Auf Grundlage einer Befragung von AGFW-Mitgliedem wurden Vorbehalte und Hindernisse identifiziert, die einer breiten Anwendung von ZFSV im Wege stehen. Im Rahmen eines anschließenden, vom Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) geförderten Forschungsvorhabens untersuchten der AGFW Energieeffizienzverband für Wärme, Kälte und KWK, die Hochschule OTH.R und die GEF Ingenieur AG systematisch die fernwärmerelevanten Eigenschaften von ZFSV. Neben der Prüfung grundlegender Materialeigenschaften wurden hierbei auch Laborversuche sowie ein Feldversuch durchgeführt. Nach den bisherigen Erkenntnissen lassen sich die Ergebnisse aus den Laboruntersuchungen auf das Feld übertragen. Demnach erfüllt ZFSV die notwendigen Anforderungen, um bei richtiger Anwendung im Fernwärmeleitungsbau eingesetztzu werden. Für den Umgang mit ZFSV bieten die von der Forschungsgesellschaft für Straßen- und Verkehrswesen erstellten "Hinweise für die Herstellung und Verwendung von zeitweise fließfähigen, selbstverdichtenden Verfüllbaustoffen im Erdbau (H ZFSV)" eine gute Grundlage. Die darin enthaltenen Empfehlungen und Besonderheiten im Umgang mit ZFSV, die bereits Ansätze zu deren Einsatz im Fernwärmebereich liefern, wurden im Projekt berücksichtigt und im Abschlussbericht um die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse erweitert. Der Abschlussbericht des Forschungsvorhabens, der in Kürze veröffentlicht wird, wird vor allem die Fernwärmespezifischen Details zu notwendigen Anforderungen, entsprechenden Prüfverfahren sowie Besonderheiten im Baustellenablauf darstellen. Weiterhin wird ein Vorschlag für einen LV-Text (LV = Leistungsverzeichnis) erstellt, der ebenso im Abschlussbericht enthalten sein wird wie weitere Details zu bautechnischen, sicherheitstechnischen, ökologischen und ökonomischen Auswirkungen, die der Einsatz von ZFSV mit sich bringen kann. KW - Baustoff KW - Energieeffizienz KW - Erdbau KW - Feldversuch KW - Fernwärme KW - Forschungsvorhaben KW - Graben KW - Kälte KW - Laboruntersuchung KW - Laborversuch KW - Materialeigenschaft KW - Prüfverfahren KW - Verkehrswesen KW - Wärme Y1 - 2017 SN - 1611-1478 VL - 68 IS - 5 SP - 18 EP - 25 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schermer, Detleff T1 - Bemessung nach Eurocode 6 JF - Deutsches Ingenieurblatt / Bauplaner Y1 - 2016 UR - https://www.ingenieurbau-online.de/fachartikel/artikeldetail/bemessung-nach-eurocode-6 SN - 0946-2422 SN - 2365-192X IS - 9, Supplement SP - 14 EP - 15 PB - Schiele & Schön CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schermer, Detleff T1 - Extrem beansprucht - der Sockelbereich monolithischer Wandkonstruktionen JF - BauPlaner Special Y1 - 2020 IS - 9 SP - 6 EP - 7 PB - Schiele & Schön CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schermer, Detleff T1 - Lösungen im Bereich Statik JF - Deutsches Ingenieurblatt Y1 - 2018 VL - 25 IS - 10 SP - 6 EP - 7 PB - Schiele & Schön CY - Berlin ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Philipp, Markus T1 - Praxishandbuch Allplan 2020 N2 - Das Allplan-Praxisbuch für Architekten und Bauingenieure Dieses Standardwerk in nun 9. Auflage richtet sich an Architekten und Bauingenieure, die ihre Planungsprozesse mit Allplan realisieren möchten. Es beschreibt Funktionen und Abläufe, die für das optimale Arbeiten mit der CAD-Software wesentlich sind. Das Praxisbuch wendet sich gleichermaßen an Einsteiger und Profis, die den Umgang mit Allplan erlernen oder vertiefen möchten. Anhand des durchgängigen Beispielprojekts eines Wohn- und Geschäftshauses werden die einzelnen Planungsschritte demonstriert: von der Aufbereitung des Lageplans und dem Erstellen des Gebäudemodells über Schnitte, Ansichten und Reports bis hin zum Planlayout und der Ausgabe auf Papier oder als Datei. Zu den neuen und überarbeiteten Funktionen aus Allplan 2020, die in dieser Auflage behandelt werden, zählen u.a. Entwicklungen aus den Bereichen 3D-Modellierung, Ebenen, assoziative Bemaßung, Visualisierung, BIM und UTM-Daten-Import. Im Internet stehen die Daten aller im Buch beschriebenen Beispiele und weitere Informationen zur Verfügung. Auf der Allplan-Website können Sie sich eine kostenfreie 30-Tage-Demo-Vollversion von Allplan 2020 herunterladen. KW - CAD-Software KW - dreidimensionales Modell KW - Gebäudemodell KW - Handbuch KW - Internet KW - Visualisierung KW - WebSite Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-446-46421-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3139/9783446464216 PB - Hanser CY - München ET - 9., überarbeitete Auflage ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Philipp, Markus T1 - Praxishandbuch Allplan 2018 N2 - Das Praxisbuch für alle Architekten und Bauingenieure, die mit Allplan ihre Planungsprozesse realisieren wollen Dieses Standardwerk in nun achter Auflage beschreibt alle Funktionen und Abläufe, die für das optimale Arbeiten mit Allplan 2018 wesentlich sind. Es wendet sich an Einsteiger wie auch an Profis, die den Umgang mit Allplan erlernen oder vertiefen möchten. Anhand eines durchgängigen Beispielprojekts werden die einzelnen Planungsschritte zur Erweiterung eines Bürogebäudes demonstriert: Von der Aufbereitung des Lageplans und dem Erstellen des Gebäudemodells über Schnitte, Ansichten und Reports bis hin zum Planlayout und der Ausgabe auf Papier oder als Datei. Diese Auflage behandelt alle neuen oder überarbeiteten Funktionen in Allplan 2018. Dazu zählen u.a. die Actionbar als neue Hauptbedienleiste sowie die Anpassungen in den Bereichen Schnitte & Ansichten, Visualisierung, 3D-Modellieren und BIM. Im Internet stehen die Daten aller im Buch beschriebenen Beispiele und weitere Informationen zur Verfügung. Auf der Allplan-Website können Sie sich eine kostenfreie 30-Tage-Demo-Vollversion von Allplan 2018 herunterladen. KW - Bauwesen KW - Bürogebäude KW - Handbuch KW - Internet KW - Visualisierung KW - WebSite KW - Allplan 2018 KW - Architektur Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-446-45443-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3139/9783446454439 PB - Hanser CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Neidhart, Thomas T1 - Bodenmechanische und erdbautechnische Aspekte der Erdverkabelung T2 - Geotechnik - Zusammenwirken von Forschung und Praxis, Beiträge zum Geotechnik-Tag in München, 06.04.2018, Tagungsband N2 - Da oberirdische Stromleitungen bei der Bevölkerung zunehmend auf Widerstände stoßen, werden große Abschnitte der geplanten Nord-Süd-Stromtrassen in Gräben verlegt und sollen mit bis zu 525 kV Gleichstrom (DC) betrieben werden. Bei den Netzbetreibern wird diese Art der Verlegung zumeist als "Erdverkabelung" bezeichnet, wobei nicht nur Kabel, sondern auch Stromrohre verlegt werden. Die Ausbildung der Trassen mit erdverlegten Kabeln oder Rohren kann auf der Homepage der Bundesnetzagentur abgerufen werden. Weiterhin gibt es einige Bauvorhaben, wie z.B. EnLAG5 Diele - Niederrhein in NRW, das bereits abschnittsweise als Erdkabelpilotprojekt mit 380 kV Wechselstrom (AC) realisiert wurde. Während bauzeitlich zur Zwischenlagerung des Bodenaushubs Baustreifen von bis zu 42 m benötigt werden, verbleiben nach dem Bau lediglich Schutzstreifen von maximal 11 m Breite. Die Mindestüberdeckung der Kabelschutzrohre beträgt 1,30 m, wobei für den Bau von Regel-Kabelgraben-Profilen nach DIN 4124 mit etwa 1,65 m tiefer Grabensohle ausgegangen wird. Bei erdverlegten Kabeln mit Kupfer- oder Aluminiumkern stellen für Planung und Bau wesentlichen Kriterien die Größe und das Gewicht der gerade noch transportierbaren Kabeltrommeln dar, auf denen zurzeit etwa Kabellängen von 800 - 1000 m aufgewickelt sind. Dies bedingt Kabelmuffen mit entsprechenden Trassenabständen, an denen die Kabelstücke miteinander zu verbinden sind. Erdverlegte Stromkabel werden im Allg. in Schutzrohren aus Kunststoff (HDPE) verlegt und können bei Beschädigung zwischen den Muffenstationen ausgewechselt werden. Bei erdverlegten Stromrohre werden - ähnlich wie beim Pipelinebau - zunächst einzelne Rohrstücke aus Aluminium miteinander verschweißt und dann in einen Graben verlegt, wodurch theoretisch "endlose" Stromrohre realisierbar wären. Siemens setzt hier auf gasisolierte Innenleiter aus Aluminium, die von einem gas- und druckdichten Schutz-/ Außenrohr umgeben ist. Der Innenleiter wird mittels Stützisolatoren zentrisch im Außenrohr gehalten. Bei Erdverlegung wird das Außenrohr mit einer Schutzhülle aus HDPE umgeben. Auch hier sind schon Pilotstrecken realisiert und unter Betrieb. KW - Aluminium KW - Bevölkerung KW - Bundesnetzagentur KW - DIN-Norm KW - Erdkabel KW - Gleichstrom KW - Graben KW - Kabelmuffe KW - Kabelschutz KW - Kabeltrommel KW - Netzbetreiber KW - Pilotprojekt KW - Schutzhülle KW - Schutzrohr KW - Stromkabel KW - Trasse KW - Verlegung KW - Wechselstrom Y1 - 2018 UR - http://www.gb.bv.tum.de/main-zg.htm SN - 978-3-943683-47-9 VL - 64 SP - 17 EP - 29 PB - TU München, Zentrum Geotechnik CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Paric, Ivan A1 - Fleischmann, Florian A1 - Greim, Markus A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - The Determination of Rheological Properties of "High Slump Concrete" and SCC - the Advantages of a Modified Online Ball Measuring System T2 - Rheologische Messungen an Baustoffen 2016, Tagungsband zum 25. Workshop und Kolloquium, 2. und 3. März an der OTH Regensburg N2 - In this paper a new rheometer for Self-Compacting-Concrete (SCC) and High-Slump-Concrete is presented. It is installed in a concrete mixer and provides results of the rheological properties immediately at the end of the mixing process. The intention was to find a way to evaluate the rheological properties automatically in the last step of the mixing process. Therefore, the rheometer immerses in the concrete and starts the measurement. At this time a correction of the mixture is still possible, before it is filled into the truck. In a first step, a laboratory rheometer was built and the measurement procedure was developed. In a second step, the laboratory rheometer was installed in a 75 1 concrete mixer and data were collected and evaluated. The accuracy is proven by comparing test results with a slightly different mix design. KW - Betonmischer KW - Messgerät KW - Messmaschine KW - Messsystem KW - Messverfahren KW - rheologische Eigenschaft KW - Rheometer KW - selbstverdichtender Beton KW - Vergleichsanalyse KW - Vergleichsprüfung Y1 - 2016 UR - http://www.schleibinger.com/cmsimple/en/?Rheology_Of_Building_Materials:25th_Conference SN - 978-3-7345-1313-8 SP - 247 EP - 264 PB - tredition CY - Hamburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Finckh, Wolfgang A1 - Quantz, Hilmar T1 - Veränderung der Tragstrukturen von historischen Mauerwerksgewölben am Beispiel der Erschließung Wilhelmsburg in Ulm T2 - Mauerwerk-Kalender N2 - Im Rahmen der horizontalen und vertikalen Erschließung der denkmalgeschützten Wilhelmsburg als Teil der Ulmer Bundesfestung waren erhebliche Eingriffe in die historische Gewölbetragstruktur erforderlich. Hierbei mussten die Kräfte aus den in sich kurzgeschlossenen Gewölbereihen aus gebrochenem Kalksteinmauerwerk umgelagert bzw. umgeleitet werden. In dem Beitrag werden Vorgehensweise, Planung, Berechnungsmethodik und Ausführung sowie die Besonderheiten bezüglich der Gestaltungsanforderungen unter Denkmalschutz erläutert. Insbesondere wird auf die Berechnungen und Ausführungen der hier relevanten Bauzustände eingegangen. Auch die spezielleren Anforderungen an die Gründung der neuen eingebauten Bauteile mit hohen Lasten werden vertieft. KW - Gewölbe KW - Mauerwerk KW - Tragverhalten KW - Bundesfestung Ulm Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-433-03293-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/9783433610732.ch5 SP - 163 EP - 195 PB - Ernst&Sohn, a Wiley brand CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zilch, Konrad A1 - Niedermeier, Roland A1 - Finckh, Wolfgang T1 - Geklebte Verstärkung mit CFK-Lamellen und Stahllaschen T2 - Beton-Kalender 2021 KW - Lamelle KW - Kohlenstofffaserverstärkter Kunststoff KW - Klebeverbindung KW - Verstärkung Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-433-03301-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/9783433610206.ch12 SP - 1008 EP - 1105 CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lerch, Maximilian A1 - Neidhart, Thomas A1 - Bubenicek, Michal A1 - Pandrea, Paul T1 - Ableitung der Tragfähigkeit aus Probebelastungen an Betonstopfsäulen BT - Bericht JF - geotechnik N2 - Neben den konventionellen Pfahlgründungen werden bei ungünstigen Baugrundverhältnissen oft pfahlartige Tragglieder verwendet, um den Anforderungen an Gebrauchstauglichkeit und Standsicherheit bei der Gründung von Bauwerken gerecht zu werden. Um Erkenntnisse über das Tragverhalten der Säulen zu erlangen, wurden Probebelastungen durchgeführt. Hierbei kamen statische und dynamische Probebelastungen zum Einsatz. Die Tragglieder wurden mit faseroptischer Messtechnik ausgestattet, um eine getrennte Ermittlung der Mantel- und Spitzenwiderstände zu ermöglichen. Die aus den Messungen gewonnenen Erkenntnisse zum Lastabtragungsverhalten zeigen, dass die pfahlartigen Tragglieder aufgrund ihrer Herstellung höhere Gesamt- und insbesondere Mantelwiderstände als Schneckenortbetonpfähle, die als Referenz mit gleichem Durchmesser und gleicher Einbindelänge in identischen Baugrundverhältnissen gefertigt wurden, aufweisen. Es wird gezeigt, dass praxisübliche Bemessungsverfahren das gemessene Last-Setzungs-Verhalten nur bedingt wiedergeben. Die Versuchsergebnisse stellen die Grundlage für zukünftige Anpassungen der Bemessungsverfahren für pfahlartige Tragglieder dar. N2 - In addition to conventional pile foundations, rigid inclusion is often used in problematical ground conditions to satisfy the requirements of serviceability and stability for the foundation of structures. In order to gain knowledge about the load-bearing behaviour of the columns, test loads were carried out. Static and dynamic test loads were applied. The rigid inclusion were equipped with fibre-optic measurement technology to enable separate determination of the shaft and base resistances. The information gained from the measurements on the load transfer behaviour shows that the rigid inclusion have higher total resistances and in particular shaft resistances than auger piles, which were manufactured as reference with the same diameter and the same tie in length in identical ground conditions. It is shown that common design methods only partially reflect the measured load-settlement behaviour. The test results are the basis for future adjustments of the design methods for rigid inclusion. T2 - Determination of the bearing capacity from pile load tests on rigid inclusions Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/gete.202000030 VL - 43 IS - 4 SP - 298 EP - 306 PB - Ernst & Sohn ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zrenner, Louis A1 - Neidhart, Thomas ED - Moormann, Christian ED - Vogt-Breyer, Carola T1 - Modellierung der gekoppelten thermischen und hydraulischen Transportprozesse in ZFSV-Bettungen bei erdverlegten Höchstspannungsleitungen T2 - 13. Kolloquium Bauen in Boden und Fels: Fachtagung über aktuelle Herausforderungen der Geotechnik, 1. und 2. Februar 2022, Ostfildern Y1 - 2022 SN - 9783816935452 SP - 311 EP - 322 PB - expert CY - Tübingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hu, Rongbo A1 - Linner, Thomas A1 - Wang, Suting A1 - Cheng, Wenting A1 - Liu, Xiaolong A1 - Güttler, Jörg A1 - Zhao, Charlie A1 - Lu, Yuan A1 - Bock, Thomas ED - Feng, Chen ED - Linner, Thomas ED - Brilakis, Ioannis T1 - Towards a Distributed Intelligent Home Based on Smart Furniture for China's Aging Population BT - A survey T2 - Proceedings of the 38th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC): 02.11.2021 - 04.11.2021, Dubai, United Arab Emirates N2 - Population aging is one of the major challenges facing the world. In particular, the advent of China's aging society caused by various factors will be a major threat to its future development. Therefore, serious measures need to be taken to achieve its demographic sustainability. Smart furniture can be considered as a novel subcategory of gerontechnology. One of the main outcomes of the EU-funded REACH project was a variety of smart furniture named Personalized Intelligent Interior Units (PI2Us) which served as the key component of a distributed intelligent home to promote the health and activity level of older adults. This outcome can potentially be a solution to mitigate the consequences caused by population aging. In order to understand the attitudes and opinions of Chinese older adults towards the relevant technologies, the authors conducted an opinion survey using the PI2Us as an example, which sampled more than 380 older adults in 26 out of 34 provincial-level administrative divisions of China. The survey showed that Chinese older adults in general have a highly positive attitude towards smart furniture and smart home technologies. Several other insights also can be revealed from the survey. Based on further analyses, the paper summarized why the elderly-oriented smart furniture and distributed intelligent home has the potential to thrive in China's market soon. Finally, a three-year project action plan for implementing localized solutions in cooperation with a large Chinese furniture manufacturer was presented. KW - Chinese older adults KW - Distributed intelligent home KW - Gerontechnology KW - Population aging KW - Smart furniture KW - Survey Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-952-69524-1-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2021/0008 SP - 41 EP - 48 PB - International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC) ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Linner, Thomas A1 - Hu, Rongbo A1 - Iturralde, Kepa A1 - Bock, Thomas ED - Ghaffar, Seyed Hamidreza ED - Mullett, Paul ED - Pei, Eujin ED - Roberts, John T1 - A Procedure Model for the Development of Construction Robots T2 - Innovation in Construction : a Practical Guide to Transforming the Construction Industry N2 - Due to a constantly growing interest in construction robots, guidance on the design and management for its development process is needed to employ the best practice know-how and accelerate efficient development and marketisation. The development of construction robots usually involves stakeholders from the construction sector, non-construction sectors, and investors. A systematic design management method can help to integrate the needs and aims of different stakeholders and team members during the development process. Therefore, a procedure model for the development of construction robots is proposed as an integrative guidance on how to systematically conceptualise engineer requirements and to design, develop, implement, evaluate, manage, and mature the designs of construction robots. Several recent projects have been used by the authors to test and verify parts of the proposed cyclic method. In addition, the authors explain how the proposed model has been composed of an adapted set of proven principles and methodologies from the systems engineering and management field and highlight the specific concepts for developing and testing the construction robots. The application of the procedure model revealed that the concept and method are feasible and, in principle, can provide a comprehensive and practical guide on the steps forward. A unique characteristic of the proposed procedure model is the core principle which allows the evolvement over time with each cycle of use. In addition, interchangeable elements can be inserted into the procedure model depending on the region, type of robot, and technical readiness level. KW - Affordable robots KW - Construction automation KW - Construction robotics KW - Modular robotics KW - Modular/multitask construction robots KW - Procedure model KW - Systems engineering KW - Technology management Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-030-95798-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95798-8_14 SP - 321 EP - 352 PB - SpringerNature CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Iturralde, Kepa A1 - Pan, Wen A1 - Linner, Thomas A1 - Bock, Thomas ED - Gasparri, Eugenia ED - Brambilla, Arianna ED - Lobaccaro, Gabriele ED - Goia, Francesco T1 - Automation and robotic technologies in the construction context: research experiences in prefabricated façade modules T2 - Rethinking building skins : Transformative technologies and research trajectories N2 - In recent years, there has been an increase in robots that perform activities in the built environment. In this chapter, projects were featured as case studies to demonstrate the potential of using automation and robotic technologies to facilitate building façade installation tasks. The Building Energy Renovation Through Timber-Prefabricated Modules (BERTIM) and the Highly automatEd PHysical Achievements and performancES using cable roboTs Unique Systems (HEPHAESTUS) research projects consist of researching, developing and prototyping different automated solutions for the handling of building envelopes in various processes of the installation sequence. The BERTIM research project focuses on building envelope upgrading, automated building façade manufacturing, while the HEPHAESTUS research project is focused on the cable-driven parallel robot for the installation of curtain wall modules. Both projects have proved the potential use of new technologies for the installation of prefabricated envelopes and reduced working time and costs during installation. KW - automation KW - end-effector KW - installation KW - prefabrication KW - robot KW - time-reduction Y1 - 2022 SN - 9780128224779 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822477-9.00009-7 SP - 475 EP - 493 PB - Elsevier CY - Cambridge, MA ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Andersen, Henning Boje, A1 - Bardram, Jakob E. A1 - Maxhuni, Alban A1 - Larsen, Rasmus Tolstrup A1 - Schäpers Barbara, A1 - Krewer, Carmen A1 - Steinböck, Martina A1 - Sprengel, D. A1 - Linner, Thomas A1 - Schlandt, Marcel A1 - Kabouteh, Amir A1 - Güttler, Jörg A1 - Hu, Rongbo A1 - Lu, Yuan A1 - Bock, Thomas T1 - Detailed set of privacy guidelines and schemata: Summarization of the outcome of the development of necessary data privacy and security schemata to (1) protect sensed data; (2) ascertain computational anonymity; (3) ensure privileged intervention access BT - Deliverable submitted as part of the EU H2020 research project REACH (Responsive Engagement of the Elderly promoting Activity and Customized Healthcare), Grant Agreement No. 690425 N2 - Deliverable D32: Detailed set of privacy guidelines and schemata Responsive Engagement of the Elderly promoting Activity and Customized Healthcare 2 Deliverable D32: Detailed set of privacy guidelines and schemata: Summarization of the outcome of the development of necessary data privacy and security schemata to (1) protect sensed data; (2) ascertain computational anonymity; (3) ensure privileged intervention access (associated with task T.7.5). Abstract: This deliverable report examines the outcomes of the REACH research project with regard to data privacy and data security, associated with Task T7.5. This document gives an overview of our analyses involving ethics and privacy concerns in terms of the individual touchpoints and shows how these findings guided the project towards the determination of the medical purpose and intended use-cornerstones to on the path to market entry. In addition, we provide a brief overview of how the guidelines regarding data protection and encryption influenced the technical design and implementation of project components. Furthermore, we provide an update on the management of legal implications (and the implications resulting from this for system requirements and business strategy) of the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence in the context of REACH solutions, incorporating an external expert opinion. Finally, this deliverable report contains a summary of our approach towards risk gov-ernance and standardization in this regard: our work in REACH on privacy and security schemata, culminated in a CEN Workshop Agreement (guideline) that generalizes REACH outcomes and makes them accessible and usable beyond the REACH consortium . Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341355713_Detailed_set_of_privacy_guidelines_and_schemata_Summarization_of_the_outcome_of_the_development_of_necessary_data_privacy_and_security_schemata_to_1_protect_sensed_data_2_ascertain_computational_anony N1 - REACH2020: Responsive Engagement of the Elderly promoting Activity and Customized Healthcare (Horizon 2020, PHC track) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hu, Rongbo A1 - Linner, Thomas A1 - Trummer, Julian A1 - Güttler, Jörg A1 - Kabouteh, Amir A1 - Langosch, Katharina A1 - Bock, Thomas T1 - Developing a Smart Home Solution Based on Personalized Intelligent Interior Units to Promote Activity and Customized Healthcare for Aging Society JF - Journal of Population Ageing: Special Issue on responsive engagement of older persons promoting activity and customized healthcare N2 - The world’s population is aging at an unprecedented pace. Aging society is not only a severe crisis in the developed world, but also a rigorous challenge in emerging economies. Many age-related diseases are fostered by the lack of physical, cognitive, and social activities. Increasing the activity level has many benefits for the elderly and can improve their independence. Based on the analysis of the state-of-the-art and shortcomings of the current smart home solutions, the EU-funded research project REACH aims to develop a service system that will turn clinical and care environments into personalized modular sensing, prevention, and intervention systems that encourage the elderly to become healthy through various activities. To achieve that goal, the research team developed a series of smart furniture (PI2Us) that materialize the research concepts and functionality seamlessly into the various environments. Specifically, the development process and the functionality testing results of the PI2Us are reported in detail. In addition, a simulated smart home solution concept (TRACK) integrating key assistive technologies developed is proposed to create a comprehensive interior living and care environment for elderly users. Due to its modularity and flexibility, the partial or entire solution can be easily adapted and rapidly deployed in different use case settings in Europe, which allows the project consortium to execute different testing activities. In the next phase, the research team will focus on enhancing the usability and performance of the prototypes in order to eventually push them to the market. In conclusion, this research provides an innovative smart home solution for the industry to mitigate the impact of aging society. KW - Assistive technology KW - Personalized intelligent interior units KW - Sensing technology KW - Smart furniture KW - Smart home Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12062-020-09267-6 VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - 257 EP - 280 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Linner, Thomas A1 - Pan, Wen A1 - Hu, Rongbo A1 - Zhao, Charlie A1 - Iturralde, Kepa A1 - Taghavi, Meysam A1 - Trummer, Julian A1 - Schlandt, Marcel A1 - Bock, Thomas T1 - A technology management system for the development of single-task construction robots JF - Construction Innovation N2 - Purpose: Because of the sharply growing interest worldwide of “hard” physical-mechanical robot systems for the execution of on-site construction tasks [i.e. single-task construction robots (STCRs)], the purpose of this study is to equip development projects with a systematic design-management system model that allows to integrate the different needs and aims of stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach: This paper proposes a STCR-technology management system (STCR-TMS) for the complete development cycle of STCR designs. The STCR-TMS is based on established principles from systems engineering and management and STCR-specific activities developed and tested by the authors as standalone elements in previous research work. Findings: The application of the STCR-TMS revealed the practicability of the method and the underlying concepts to provide practical guidance for the development process. Additional findings indicate that the method is sufficiently generic and flexible for application to different types of robots and indifferent world regions. This research has also shown that key activities need to be addressed to increase the practicability of the STCR-TMS. Originality/value:  A unique characteristic of this method is the evolution with each utilization cycle. In addition, individual elements are interchangeable and can be adapted based on external circumstances. These properties allow the TMS to be applied to other fields in construction robotics. With the progression of the verification and validation of the method, know-how and certain elements can be fed into standardization activities (e.g. establishing a management system standard). KW - Construction robotics KW - Construction technology KW - Robotics KW - Systems analysis and design KW - Systems engineering KW - Technology management Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/CI-06-2019-0053 VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - 96 EP - 111 PB - Emerald ER -