TY - CHAP A1 - Boccara, R. A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav T1 - Optimal design of ground-mounted solar systems T2 - Safety and reliability : methodology and applications : proceedings of the European Safety and Reliability Conference, ESREL 2014, Wrocław, Poland, 14-18 September 2014 N2 - Solar energy represents a clean, natural and sustainable source of energy. Solar photovoltaic panels can be installed on roofs of structures or in the ground. This contribution focusses on ground-mounted systems, which are presently widely implemented. At present limited guidelines on the design of solar ground-mounted structures are available. Usually standards for the design of normal buildings are applied. However, the design of ground-mounted structures significantly differs from common structural design by: (1) a lower design lifetime (20-25 years) is accepted; (2) failure is not associated with the loss of human life; (3) resistance uncertainties need due attention; (4) uplift wind forces dominating structural reliability are associated with a large scatter. That is why the reliability analysis and optimal design of ground-mounted solar systems is investigated herein. The failure costs and especially their ratio to the initial costs are analyzed considering the data provided from the industry. Probabilistic reliability analyses are carried out and optimum design levels are computed for representative cost ratios. The optimal target reliability depends on the ratio between failure and initial costs; reliability index of 3.5 corresponds to a reasonable cost ratio of 10. KW - Dach KW - Montagesystem KW - Montiergerät KW - nachhaltiges Sourcing KW - Solarenergie KW - Solarmodul KW - Windkraft (Energiequelle) Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-1-138-02681-0 SP - 2175 EP - 2181 PB - CRC Press CY - Boca Raton ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ng, Ming Shan A1 - Hall, Daniel A1 - Schmailzl, Marc A1 - Linner, Thomas A1 - Bock, Thomas T1 - Identifying enabler and relational ontology networks in design for digital fabrication JF - Automation in construction N2 - As use of digital fabrication increases in architecture, engineering and construction, the industry seeks appropriate management and processes to enable the adoption during the design/planning phase. Many enablers have been identified across various studies; however, a comprehensive synthesis defining the enablers of design for digital fabrication does not yet exist. This work conducts a systematic literature review of 59 journal articles published in the past decade and identifies 140 enablers under eight categories: actors, resources, conditions, attributes, processes, artefacts, values and risks. The enablers’ frequency network is illustrated using an adjacency matrix. Through the lens of actor-network theory, the work creates a relational ontology to demonstrate the linkages between different enablers. Three examples are presented using onion diagrams: circular construction focus, business model focus and digital twin in industrialisation focus. Finally, this work discusses the intersection of relational ontology with process modelling to design future digital fabrication work routines. KW - digital fabrication KW - relational ontology network KW - actor-network theory KW - process modelling Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104592 VL - 144 IS - December SP - 1 EP - 20 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ng, Ming Shan A1 - Hall, Daniel A1 - Schmailzl, Marc A1 - Linner, Thomas A1 - Bock, Thomas T1 - Identifying enablers and relational ontology networks in design for digital fabrication JF - Automation in Construction N2 - As use of digital fabrication increases in architecture, engineering and construction, the industry seeks appropriate management and processes to enable the adoption during the design/planning phase. Many enablers have been identified across various studies; however, a comprehensive synthesis defining the enablers of design for digital fabrication does not yet exist. This work conducts a systematic literature review of 59 journal articles published in the past decade and identifies 140 enablers under eight categories: actors, resources, conditions, attributes, processes, artefacts, values and risks. The enablers' frequency network is illustrated using an adjacency matrix. Through the lens of actor-network theory, the work creates a relational ontology to demonstrate the linkages between different enablers. Three examples are presented using onion diagrams: circular construction focus, business model focus and digital twin in industrialisation focus. Finally, this work discusses the intersection of relational ontology with process modelling to design future digital fabrication work routines. KW - Digital fabrication KW - Enablers KW - Relational ontology network KW - Actor-Network Theory (ANT) KW - Process modelling Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104592 SN - 0926-5805 VL - 144 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Galan, Isabel A1 - Baldermann, Andre A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang A1 - Dietzel, Martin A1 - Mittermayr, Florian T1 - Durability of shotcrete for underground support BT - Review and update JF - Construction and building materials N2 - Shotcrete is often used for the construction and stabilization of tunnels and other underground structures, where it is susceptible to different forms of physical and chemical attacks affecting its durability. An advanced understanding of the factors that limit the durability of shotcrete is crucial to develop tailored strategies for enhancing its service life. The main focus of this contribution is to shed light on the durability of shotcrete by revising the literature, highlighting what is missing and needs to be addressed, assessing how the knowledge about concrete durability can be transferred to shotcrete, and providing recommendations for durable shotcrete structures. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - CEMENT-BASED MATERIALS KW - CHEMOMECHANICAL COUPLING BEHAVIOR KW - Corrosion KW - Durability KW - FREEZE-THAW RESISTANCE KW - INDUCED CONCRETE CORROSION KW - Leaching KW - LEACHING BEHAVIOR KW - POLYPROPYLENE FIBERS KW - PORTLAND-CEMENT KW - POTENTIAL ALKALI-REACTIVITY KW - Shotcrete KW - Sintering KW - Sprayed concrete KW - Sulfate attack KW - THAUMASITE SULFATE ATTACK KW - Tunnel KW - Underground Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.12.151 VL - 202 IS - March SP - 465 EP - 493 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kraus, Michael A. A1 - Lammel, Laura A1 - Obergrießer, Mathias T1 - Digitale Transformation und Künstliche Intelligenz - Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätze bei der Kombination von Theorie und Praxis JF - Ingenieurbaukunst ... made in Germany Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-433-03359-3 SP - 168 EP - 173 PB - Ernst & Sohn CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Iturralde, Kepa A1 - Feucht, Malte A1 - Illner, Daniel A1 - Hu, Rongbo A1 - Pan, Wen A1 - Linner, Thomas A1 - Bock, Thomas A1 - Eskudero, Ibon A1 - Rodriguez, Mariola A1 - Gorrotxategi, Jose A1 - Izard, Jean-Baptizste A1 - Astudillo, Julen A1 - Cavalcanti Santos, João. A1 - Gouttefarde, Marc A1 - Fabritius, Marc A1 - Martin, Christoph A1 - Henninge, Tomas A1 - Normes, Stein M. A1 - Jacobsen, Yngve A1 - Pracucci, Alessandro A1 - Cañada, Jesus A1 - Jimenez-Vicaria, Jose David A1 - Alonso, Rubén A1 - Elia, Lorenzo T1 - Cable-driven parallel robot for curtain wall module installation JF - Automation in Construction N2 - A cable-driven parallel robot (CDPR) was developed for the installation of curtain wall modules (CWM). The research addressed the question of whether the CDPR was capable installing CWMs with sufficient accuracy while being competitive compared to conventional manual methods. In order to develop and test such a system, a conceptual framework that consisted of three sub-systems was defined. The tests, carried out in two close-to-real demonstration buildings, revealed an absolute accuracy of the CWM installation of 4 to 23 mm. The working time for installing a CWM was reduced to 0.51 h. The results also show that the system is competitive for a workspace greater than 96 m2 compared to conventional manual methods. However, improvements such as reducing the hours for setting up the CDPR on the one hand and achieving a faster and more robust MEE on the other hand will be still necessary in the future. KW - Accuracy KW - Cable-robot KW - Facade KW - On-site Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104235 VL - 138 IS - June PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pérez-Acebo, Heriberto A1 - Montes-Redondo, Mikel A1 - Appelt, Andreas A1 - Findley, Daniel J. T1 - A simplified skid resistance predicting model for a freeway network to be used in a pavement management system JF - International Journal of Pavement Engineering N2 - The available skid resistance, or friction, in a pavement surface is a vital parameter for functional evaluations of roads due to its relation with crashes. Therefore, highway administrations must collect friction data on their road network to provide safe roads to users. Additionally, a prediction model that can forecast the available skid resistance in each road segment is necessary for an efficient pavement management system (PMS). The aim of this paper is to develop a skid resistance prediction model for the bituminous pavements of the motorway network of federal state of Bavaria, in Germany, with information that is typically available in a PMS: the Annual Average Daily Traffic , the Annual Average Daily Heavy Traffic , and the number of lanes in each segment. Despite its simplicity, with 6410 road segments of 2 and 3 lanes of the Bavarian motorway network, the model achieves a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.405. If information about the surface layer material is added, R2 increases to 0.480. Consequently, apart from predicting the minimum available friction in each lane in a motorway, the study underlines the necessity that a PMS should contain the recommended elements and additional surface layer material, because the quality of the prediction improves. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2021.2020266 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - Taylor&Francis ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gehlen, Christoph A1 - Mayer, Till Felix A1 - Thiel, Charlotte A1 - Fischer, Christian T1 - Lebensdauerbemessung T2 - Beton Kalender 2021 : Fertigteile, Integrale Bauwerke N2 - Christoph Gehlen, Till Felix Mayer, Charlotte Thiel und Christian Fischer beschreiben die Lebensdauerbemessung von Beton. Umfassend werden Transport‐ und Schädigungsmodelle vorgestellt, die die Mechanismen der Carbonatisierung, der Chlorideindringung, der Korrosion und der korrosionsinduzierten Rissbildung im Stahlbeton beschreiben. Die damit einhergehende Verbundthematik wird erläutert. Auch wird auf alle Mechanismen der Betonkorrosion eingegangen. Die Bemessung in Bezug auf die Dauerhaftigkeit und damit Abschätzungen für die Lebensdauer von Beton wird in drei unterschiedlich genauen Formaten geführt. Neben dem vollprobabilistischen Format wird beschrieben, wie Bemessungen auch auf Grundlage von Nachweisen basierend auf Teilsicherheitsbeiwerten durchgeführt werden können. Daran anschließend wird aufgezeigt, welche deskriptiven Bemessungsansätze sich daraus ableiten lassen. An einigen exemplarisch herausgegriffenen Objektbeispielen wird die Lebensdauerbemessung konkret vorgeführt. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/9783433610206.ch1 VL - 110 SP - 1 EP - 57 PB - Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bulgakov, Alexey A1 - Bock, Thomas A1 - Otto, Jens A1 - Buzalo, Natalia A1 - Linner, Thomas ED - Tateyama, Kazuyoshi ED - Ishii, Kazuo ED - Inoue, Fumihiro T1 - Requirements for Safe Operation and Facility Maintenance of Construction Robots T2 - Proceedings of the 37th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2020): From Demonstration to Practical Use, To New Stage of Construction Robot, October 27-28, 2020, Kitakyushu, Japan N2 - Construction robots are devices of increased danger and, under certain conditions, can become a source of injuries to maintenance personnel, as well as lead to the failure of technological equipment. Most of the accidents are associated with the presence of maintenance personnel in the working area during programming, configuration, training, repair and maintenance of robots. The article describes measures to ensure safety during the maintenance of robots and manipulators. The stages of preparing the construction industry for the use of manipulators, robots and robotic complexes are presented. A system of measures for preparing equipment for use and its maintenance during operation is proposed. KW - Construction Manipulators and Robots KW - Maintenance of Robotic Systems KW - Operation KW - Safety KW - Service Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-952-94-3634-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2020/0053 SP - 369 EP - 376 PB - The International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (I.A.A.R.C.) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hu, Rongbo A1 - Iturralde, Kepa A1 - Linner, Thomas A1 - Zhao, Charlie A1 - Pan, Wen A1 - Pracucci, Alessandro A1 - Bock, Thomas T1 - A Simple Framework for the Cost–Benefit Analysis of Single-Task Construction Robots Based on a Case Study of a Cable-Driven Facade Installation Robot JF - Buildings, Architecture: Integration of Art and Engineering N2 - Single-task construction robots (STCRs) have become a popular research topic for decades. However, there is still a gap in the ubiquitous application of STCRs for onsite construction due to various reasons, such as cost concerns. Therefore, cost–benefit analysis (CBA) can be used to measure the net economic benefit of the STCRs, compared to traditional construction methods, in order to boost the implementation of STCRs. This paper presents a simple and practical framework for the economic evaluation of STCRs and conducts a case study of a cable-driven facade installation robot to verify the method. The results show that the cable-driven robot for facade installation is worth investing in in the UK, as well as in the majority of G20 countries. Furthermore, other socioenvironmental implications of STCRs and the limitations of the study are also discussed. In conclusion, the proposed method is highly adaptable and reproducible. Therefore, researchers, engineers, investors, and policy makers can easily follow and customize this method to assess the economic advantages of any STCR systems, compared to traditional construction technologies. KW - cable-driven parallel robot KW - construction robot KW - cost–benefit analysis KW - curtain wall modules KW - economic evaluation KW - facade installation Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11010008 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Holický, Milan A1 - Jung, Karel T1 - Target reliability for new and existing railway civil engineering structures T2 - Handbook of RAMS in Railway Systems : theory and practice N2 - The specification of target reliability levels and risk acceptance criteria is one of the key issues of design and reliability assessment of existing railway stru ctures including bridges, tunnels or secondary struc-ures like noise barriers. Target reliability levels obtained by optimisation of the total cost, related to a required working life of the structure, are critically compared with human safety criteria based on group risks, intended to avoid accidents with a large number of fatalitie s. Practical applications of the theoretical principles are demonstrated by the examples of a railway bridge, railway tunnel and road bridge over an important railway line. The examples illustrate on how probabilistic reliability analysis and risk optimisation can support decisions about alternative strategies to achieve the optimal designs complying with the requirements on human safety. The contribution reveals that target relia bility levels for civil engineering structures recommended in various normative documents are inconsistent in terms of the values and the criteria according to which the appropriate values are to be specified. The optimal target reliabilities from economic point of view primarily depend on failure consequences and costs of safety measures. Y1 - 2017 SN - 9781315269351 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1201/b21983-20 PB - CRC Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bulenda, Thomas T1 - Arnoldi (IOM) - Newton Algorithm for Pathfollowing in Nonlinear Statics JF - Computers & Structures N2 - This paper firstly explains the basics of pathfollowing in nonlinear statics. It then discusses the four general approaches for solving the occurring sets of linear equations. As a result we introduce an Arnoldi (IOM)—Newton algorithm which has a wide range of application and is highly efficient, as it adapts its effort to the progress of the computation. Two examples are given to prove the good performance of the algorithm. KW - Finite Elemente KW - Kurvenverfolgung KW - Nichtlinearität, Stabilität KW - Schalen Y1 - 1997 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-7949(96)00081-8 VL - 63 IS - 4 SP - 813 EP - 826 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ng, Ming Shan A1 - Bock, Thomas A1 - Linner, Thomas T1 - Robotization: Design for Fabrication, Assembly, Disassembly and the Circular Built Environment with Robot-Oriented Design T2 - 22th Symposium on Construction Robotics in Japan - Ongoing commitment to construction robot technology needed for a sustainable society N2 - Robotics has been gradually adopted in the construction sector to improve productivity and efficiency through automation. Recent scholars study design for automation to facilitate robotization in design and planning. Besides, it has the potential to enable circularity to assist in the current resource crisis. This article explores how robotization can foster the circular built environment with design for fabrication, assembly and disassembly in current practice. This article first presents the industry adoption of robotization through design for fabrication, assembly and disassembly (Design for X) and Robot-Oriented Design (ROD) in Japan and abroad. Secondly, based on the concept of ROD, this work investigates how this fosters the circular built environment through industry review and literature review. It is concluded with three takeaways of robotization for the circular built environment with ROD and future directions in research. The work contributes to the body of knowledge in automation in construction, construction management, technology and innovation. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384440651_Robotization_Design_for_Fabrication_Assembly_Disassembly_and_the_Circular_Built_Environment_with_Robot-Oriented_Design ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Finckh, Wolfgang A1 - Ignatiadis, Anett A1 - Niedermeier, Roland A1 - Wiens, Udo A1 - Zilch, Konrad T1 - Die neue DAfStb-Richtlinie "Verstärken von Betonbauteilen mit geklebter Bewehrung" [The new DAfStb-Guideline "Strengthening of concrete structures with adhesive bonded reinforcement"] JF - Beton- und Stahlbetonbau N2 - Die Verstärkung von Betonbauteilen mit geklebter Bewehrung wurde in Deutschland bisher alleinig durch allgemeine bauaufsichtliche Zulassungen und Zustimmungen im Einzelfall geregelt. Da sich das Verstärken von Betonbauteilen mit geklebter Bewehrung immer mehr zur Regelbauweise entwickelt und die europäische Harmonisierung auf diesem Gebiet voranschreitet, wurde ein neues Regelwerk für die Verstärkung von Betonbauteilen mit geklebter Bewehrung geschaffen. Dazu haben sich alle von der Themenstellung betroffenen Parteien in einem Unterausschuss des Deutschen Ausschusses für Stahlbeton zusammengefunden und sich in die Formulierung der DAfStb-Richtlinie .Verstärken von Betonbauteilen mit geklebter Bewehrung. eingebracht. Nach Abschluss des Einspruchsverfahrens und anschließender Notifizierung erscheint die Richtlinie voraussichtlich im September oder Oktober 2012. KW - Anwendungsgebiet KW - Bemessung KW - Betonbauteil KW - CFK-Lamelle KW - DAfStb-Richtlinie KW - Klebebewehrung KW - Konstruktion KW - Kraftübertragung KW - Lamellenverstärkung KW - Richtlinie KW - Stütze KW - Umschnürungsbewehrung KW - Verbundspannung KW - Verstärkung Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/best.201200047 VL - 107 IS - 10 SP - 711 EP - 715 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vanoutrive, Hanne A1 - Alderete, Natalia A1 - De Belie, Nele A1 - Etxeberria, Miren A1 - Grengg, Cyrill A1 - Ignjatović, Ivan A1 - Ling, Tung-Chai A1 - Liu, Zhiyuan A1 - Garcia-Lodeiro, Inés A1 - Medina Martínez, César A1 - Sanchez, Javier A1 - Palomo, Angel A1 - Rebolledo, Nuria A1 - Sakoparnig, Marlene A1 - Sideris, Kosmas A1 - Thiel, Charlotte A1 - Van den Heede, Philip A1 - Vollpracht, Anya A1 - von Greve-Dierfeld, Stefanie A1 - Wei, Jinxin A1 - Zając, Maciej A1 - Gruyaert, Elke T1 - Report of RILEM TC 281-CCC: outcomes of a round robin on the resistance to natural carbonation of Portland, Portland-fly ash and blast-furnace cements and its relation to accelerated carbonation JF - Materials and Structures N2 - Numerous (inter)national standards are in place for assessing the resistance to carbonation of mortar and concrete. Within the framework of RILEM TC 281-CCC ‘Carbonation of Concrete with SCMs,’ an extensive interlaboratory test campaign (ILT) involving twenty-two participating laboratories worldwide was initiated to compare natural carbonation of concrete and mortar with three different cement types (Portland cement (CEM I), Portland-fly ash cement (CEM II/B-V) and blast-furnace cement (CEM III/B)) and investigate its relation to accelerated carbonation as reported in Vanoutrive et al. (Mater Struct 55:1–29, 2022). It could be concluded that ranking of cement types was analogous between accelerated and natural carbonation methods. Environmental parameters have an important effect on the carbonation rate, however, differences between the mean carbonation rates originating from indoor and sheltered outdoor natural exposure with different exposure conditions and curing regimes were insignificant for each considered cement type. This is caused by the scatter related to carbonation testing among different laboratories. Nevertheless, results showed that a natural exposure period of at least one year is essential to reach a constant carbonation rate over time. For both natural and accelerated carbonation, the carbonation rate increased by 18% when the aggregate-to-cement ratio increased by 1.79 (concrete versus mortar). This correlation seems insensitive to binder type and exposure method. Finally, the best correlation between natural and accelerated carbonation was found for EN 12390–10 (specifically natural indoor exposure) and EN 12390–12 (accelerated exposure) when only test methods performed by more than one laboratory were considered. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-024-02464-1 SN - 1359-5997 VL - 57 IS - 9 PB - Springer Science and Business Media ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bernal, Susan A. A1 - Dhandapani, Yuvaraj A1 - Elakneswaran, Yogarajah A1 - Gluth, Gregor J. G. A1 - Gruyaert, Elke A1 - Juenger, Maria C. G. A1 - Lothenbach, Barbara A1 - Olonade, Kolawole Adisa A1 - Sakoparnig, Marlene A1 - Shi, Zhenguo A1 - Thiel, Charlotte A1 - van den Heede, Philip A1 - Vanoutrive, Hanne A1 - Von Greve-Dierfeld, Stefanie A1 - De Belie, Nele A1 - Provis, John L. T1 - Report of RILEM TC 281-CCC: A critical review of the standardised testing methods to determine carbonation resistance of concrete JF - Materials and Structures N2 - The chemical reaction between CO2 and a blended Portland cement concrete, referred to as carbonation, can lead to reduced performance, particularly when concrete is exposed to elevated levels of CO2 (i.e., accelerated carbonation conditions). When slight changes in concrete mix designs or testing conditions are adopted, conflicting carbonation results are often reported. The RILEM TC 281-CCC ‘Carbonation of Concrete with Supplementary Cementitious Materials’ has conducted a critical analysis of the standardised testing methodologies that are currently applied to determine carbonation resistance of concrete in different regions. There are at least 17 different standards or recommendations being actively used for this purpose, with significant differences in sample curing, pre-conditioning, carbonation exposure conditions, and methods used for determination of carbonation depth after exposure. These differences strongly influence the carbonation depths recorded and the carbonation coefficient values calculated. Considering the importance of accurately determining carbonation potential of concrete, not just for predicting their durability performance, but also for determining the amount of CO2 that concrete can re-absorb during or after its service life, it is imperative to recognise the applicability and limitations of the results obtained from different tests. This will enable researchers and practitioners to adopt the most appropriate testing methodologies to evaluate carbonation resistance, depending on the purpose of the conclusions derived from such testing (e. g. materials selection, service life prediction, CO2 capture potential). Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-024-02424-9 SN - 0025-5432 SN - 1359-5997 VL - 57 IS - 8 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spirkl, Florian A1 - Neidhart, Thomas T1 - Lasttransferschichten über pfahlartigen Traggliedern – Überblick und Vergleich analytischer und numerischer Lösungen JF - geotechnik N2 - Der Einbau mineralischer, granularer Lasttransferschichten (LTS) zwischen einem Bau-werk und einer Tiefgründung z. B. aus pfahlartigen Traggliedern (PTG) beeinflusst erheb-lich die Lastaufteilung auf die PTG und den zumeist weichen Boden dazwischen. Eine genaue Kenntnis über die Lastaufteilung ist für die Bemessung der LTS und PTG, aber auch des darauf gegründeten Bauwerks erforderlich. Für die Quantifizierung der Lastauf-teilung wurden eine Vielzahl an Berechnungsansätzen entwickelt, welche zumeist auf Modell- oder Großversuchen basieren, aus deren Ergebnissen analytische Ansätze entwi-ckelt wurden. Zunächst werden ausgewählte Berechnungsansätze zur Lastaufteilung vor-gestellt, dann mit Hilfe von Finite-Element-Berechnungen der Einfluss verschiedener Parameter auf die Lastaufteilung veranschaulicht und diskutiert. Für geringe Dicken der LTS ergibt sich dabei eine hohe Übereinstimmung der FE-Berechnungen mit einem Durchstanzmechanismus. Ab einer bestimmten Dicke der LTS, abhängig von ver-schiedensten Randbedingungen, bildet sich in den FE-Berechnungen ein Gewölbe aus. Das Einstanzen der PTG in die LTS kann dann durch einen Grundbruchmechanismus beschrieben und als obere Begrenzung der Lastumlagerung auf die PTG angesehen wer-den. Anhand zahlreicher Vergleichsberechnungen konnte gezeigt werden, dass die beiden Mechanismen Durchstanzen und Grundbruch in sehr vielen Fällen ausreichen, um die Lastaufteilung auch ohne FE-Berechnungen abzuschätzen. KW - pfahlartige Tragglieder KW - Stabilisierungssäulen KW - Lasttransferschicht KW - Lastverteilungsschicht KW - Durchstanzen KW - Grundbruch KW - Bodengewölbe KW - FEM KW - PLAXIS KW - Eurocode 7 Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/gete.202400003 VL - 47 IS - 3 PB - Ernst & Sohn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - AlBalkhy, Wassim A1 - Karmaoui, Dorra A1 - Ducoulombier, Laure A1 - Lafhaj, Zoubeir A1 - Linner, Thomas T1 - Digital twins in the built environment: Definition, applications, and challenges JF - Automation in Construction N2 - Digital Twins (DT) implementation in the Built Environment (BE) industry is still in its early stages. Aiming to increase the knowledge about DT, this study analyzes how DT can be understood in the BE sector and investigates its different potential benefits and expected challenges. To do so, the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach was employed. Using 228 publications, the current study presents a proposed definition and structure for DT systems. The proposed structure is based on four main layers: physical, digital, application, and user layers. The study also classified the applications of DT into six groups: sustainability and environmental, facility management, safety, health, and risk management, structural performance, construction management, and architectural and urban-related applications. The challenges of DT implementation were also grouped based on industry-related, social and organizational, economic, technological, and political and legal challenges. Based on the results, future research directions and practical recommendations were presented to support the successful deployment of the technology. KW - Digital Twins (DT) KW - Digital technologies KW - Built Environment (BE) KW - Construction KW - Construction 4.0 Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105368 VL - 162 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bazzurro, Paolo A1 - Cornell, C. A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Manfredini, Gian T1 - Seismic damage hazard analysis for requalification of nuclear power plant structures: methodology and application JF - Nuclear Engineering and Design N2 - A methodology for the evaluation of the annual probability of occurrence of post-elastic seismic damage in realistic structures is presented. The seismic damage hazard analysis (SDHA) is carried out here by coupling conventional seismic hazard analysis (SHA) for the site and the structural response to earthquakes of different intensities. The structural performance is statistically investigated by conducting appropriate non-linear dynamic analyses for a limited set of real ground-motion records that might potentially pose a threat to the structure at the site. The merging of these two approaches permits calculation of the seismic hazard faced by the structure in direct damage terms. The methodology is presented in this paper with the aid of a simple illustrative case study where the annual probability of damage and, eventually, failure of a power house steel structure is computed. This methodology can find practical applications in seismic retrofit of nuclear power plant structures and in the evaluation of seismic damage hazards in new structure designs. Y1 - 1996 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(95)01111-0 VL - 160 IS - 3 SP - 321 EP - 332 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haynack, Alexander A1 - Sekandar, Zadran A1 - Jithender, J. Timothy A1 - Gambarelli, Serena A1 - Kränkel, Thomas A1 - Thiel, Charlotte A1 - Ozbolt, Josko A1 - Gehlen, Christoph T1 - Can a Hend-Held 3D Scanner Capture Temperature-Induced Strain of Mortar Samples? Comparison between Experimental Measurements and Numerical Simulations JF - mathematics N2 - The expected lifespan of cement-based materials, particularly concrete, is at least 50 years. Changes in the pore structure of the material need to be considered due to external influences and associated transport processes. The expansion behaviour of concrete and mortar during freeze–thaw attacks, combined with de-icing salt agents, is crucial for both internal and external damage. It is essential to determine and simulate the expansion behaviour of these materials in the laboratory, as well as detect the slow, long-term expansion in real structures. This study measures the expansion of mortar samples during freeze–thaw loading using a high-resolution hand-held 3D laser scanner. The specimens are prepared with fully or partially saturated pore structures through water storage or drying. During freeze–thaw experiments, the specimens are exposed to pure water or a 3% sodium chloride solution (NaCl). Results show contraction during freezing and subsequent expansion during thawing. Both test solutions exhibit similar expansion behaviour, with differences primarily due to saturation levels. Further investigations are required to explore the changing expansion behaviour caused by increasing microcracking resulting from continuous freeze–thaw cycles. A numerical analysis using a 3D coupled hygro-thermo-mechanical (HTM) model is conducted to examine the freeze–thaw behaviour of the mortar. The model accurately represents the freezing deformation during the freeze–thaw cycle. KW - concrete KW - mortar KW - durability KW - freeze–thaw and de-icing salt resistance KW - strain KW - 3D laser scanning KW - numerical simulation KW - 3D FE numerical model KW - hygro-thermo-mechanical coupling Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/math11173672 VL - 11 IS - 17 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER -