TY - RPRT A1 - Hu, Rongbo A1 - Kabouteh, Amir A1 - Schlandt, Marcel A1 - Güttler, Jörg A1 - Linner, Thomas A1 - Kozak, Dominika A1 - Walter, B. A1 - Schäpers, Barbara A1 - Randriambelonoro, Mirana E. T1 - Partly functional / functional mock-ups and prototypes of Personalised Intelligent Interior Units (PI²Us) BT - Deliverable submitted as part of the EU H2020 research project REACH (Responsive Engagement of the Elderly promoting Activity and Customized Healthcare), Grant Agreement No. 690425 (Report number: REACH2020 Deliverable D24) N2 - This deliverable report examines the outcome of the construction of functional or partly functional prototypes or mock-ups of Personalized Interior Intelligent Environment Units (PI²Us) for demonstration and testing purposes, associated with Task T5.4. The first part of this document will give an overview of the relation of this task to other tasks of WP5, other work packages, and the larger framework of the REACH project. The second part sets out the details of the progressive development from early concepts to the current prototyping stage. Moreover, the subsequent lab-based testing is described in the third part of the report. This includes both already carried out and planned testing activities for either early stage validation or final demonstration in a naturalistic test environment. Finally, part four summarizes the results and puts the different prototypes in perspective to the respective touchpoints and the overall REACH engine functionality. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 690425. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333324604_Partly_functional_functional_mock-ups_and_prototypes_of_Personalised_Intelligent_Interior_Units_PIUs N1 - REACH2020: Responsive Engagement of the Elderly promoting Activity and Customized Healthcare (Horizon 2020, PHC track) ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Steindl, F. A1 - Mittermayr, Florian A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Juhart, Joachim A1 - Galan Garcia, Isabel A1 - Baldermann, Andre A1 - Briendl, Lukas G. A1 - Sakoparnig, Marlene A1 - Röck, Rudolf A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - Sulfate resistance of dry mix shotcretes with new binder composition T2 - ICCC 2019: 15th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, 16.-20.09.2019, Prague, Czech Republik N2 - Improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying deleterious chemical attacks is necessary to better predict the long-term performance and durability of shotcrete in aggressive environments. In the scope of the research project “ASSpC - Advanced and Sustainable Sprayed Concrete”, new durable and sustainable shotcretes and new test methods are developed. In order to increase shotcrete durability, the spray cement (specified in Austrian Guideline “Sprayed concrete”) used is substituted with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). However, in the past SCMs have seen only limited use in the application of dry-mix shotcrete. This contribution presents 6 new mix designs intended to be used for dry-mix shotcrete, each with varying amounts and types of SCMs, and compares their performance and sprayability with a commercially available spray cement. As sulfate attack is one of the major threats to shotcrete (e.g. in tunnelling), the resistance of the new mixes against sulfate attack is tested using a modified version of the Swiss sulfate test according to SIA 262/1:2013. This approach provides new insights into damaging mechanisms of dry mix shotcrete in sulfate-loaded environments Y1 - 2019 SP - 3527 EP - 3872 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Baldermann, Andre A1 - Mittermayr, Florian A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - Development of shotcrete with increased durability against thaumasite sulfate attack BT - Experiences from a tunnel site and laboratory tests T2 - ICCC 2019: 15th International Congress on Chemistry of Cement, 16.-20.09.2019, Prague, Czech Republik Y1 - 2019 SP - 3425 EP - 3435 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Von Greve-Dierfeld, Stefanie A1 - Lothenbach, Barbara A1 - Vollpracht, Anya A1 - Wu, Bei A1 - Huet, Bruno A1 - Andrade, Carmen A1 - Medina, César A1 - Thiel, Charlotte A1 - Gruyaert, Elke A1 - Vanoutrive, Hanne A1 - Del Saéz Bosque, Isabel F. A1 - Ignjatovic, Ivan A1 - Elsen, Jan A1 - Provis, John L. A1 - Scrivener, Karen A1 - Thienel, Karl-Christian A1 - Sideris, Kosmas A1 - Zajac, Maciej A1 - Alderete, Natalia A1 - Cizer, Özlem A1 - Van den Heede, Philip A1 - Hooton, Robert Douglas A1 - Kamali-Bernard, Siham A1 - Bernal, Susan A. A1 - Zhao, Zengfeng A1 - Shi, Zhenguo A1 - De Belie, Nele T1 - Understanding the carbonation of concrete with supplementary cementitious materials BT - a critical review by RILEM TC 281-CCC JF - Materials and Structures N2 - Blended cements, where Portland cement clinker is partially replaced by supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), provide the most feasible route for reducing carbon dioxide emissions associated with concrete production. However, lowering the clinker content can lead to an increasing risk of neutralisation of the concrete pore solution and potential reinforcement corrosion due to carbonation. carbonation of concrete with SCMs differs from carbonation of concrete solely based on Portland cement (PC). This is a consequence of the differences in the hydrate phase assemblage and pore solution chemistry, as well as the pore structure and transport properties, when varying the binder composition, age and curing conditions of the concretes. The carbonation mechanism and kinetics also depend on the saturation degree of the concrete and CO2 partial pressure which in turn depends on exposure conditions (e.g. relative humidity, volume, and duration of water in contact with the concrete surface and temperature conditions). This in turn influence the microstructural changes identified upon carbonation. This literature review, prepared by members of RILEM technical committee 281-CCC carbonation of concrete with supplementary cementitious materials, working groups 1 and 2, elucidates the effect of numerous SCM characteristics, exposure environments and curing conditions on the carbonation mechanism, kinetics and structural alterations in cementitious systems containing SCMs. KW - Transport properties KW - Environmental impact KW - Aggregate KW - Supplementary cementitious materials KW - Carbonations Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-020-01558-w VL - 53 SP - 1 EP - 34 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmailzl, Marc A1 - Linner, Thomas ED - Heese, Carl ED - Schütz, Sandra ED - Obergrießer, Stefanie T1 - ReduSys - Kontaktreduzierte Pflege durch multimodale Systeme, Robotik und digitales Bauen T2 - Die Nachhaltigkeitsziele der UN im Spiegel der Wissenschaft: Beispiele aus der Sozial- und Gesundheitsforschung N2 - Durch die fortschreitende Digitalisierung wird der klinische bzw. pflegerische Kontext zunehmend interdisziplinär. Im Zuge dessen wird die menschzentrierte und zugleich integrative Technologieentwicklung immer wichtiger um adäquate und reflektierte Systemlösungen für die Herausforderungen (z. B. demografischer Wandel, Fachkräftemangel etc.) von heute als auch morgen zu schaffen. In diesem Beitrag wird daher das Forschungsprojekt (BMBF-Projekt) ReduSys (Akronym: Kontaktreduzierte Pflege im klinischen Umfeld durch multimodale Systeme und Robotik) vorgestellt und die sozio-technischen Entwicklungen im Kontext der Nachhaltigkeit erörtert. ReduSys strebt eine ganzheitliche Systemlösung an, welche bestehend aus verschiedenen Technologien (z. B. Sensorik, IoT, Robotik VR etc.) den Übergang von der herkömmlichen zur kontaktreduzierten Pflege (z. B. bei pandemischen Situationen wie der Covid-19 Pandemie) ermöglichen soll. Durch den Technologieeinsatz (z. B. kontaktlos-kontinuierliche Vitalparametererfassung via Medical Smart Bed oder humanoide Robotik via ‚Robody‘ etc.) sollen Pflegekräfte nachhaltig entlastet und gleichzeitig eine bessere Patientenfürsorge gewährleistet werden. In diesem Zusammenhang bildet die Fakultät Bauingenieurwesen mit dem ‚Building Lab/Digitales Bauen‘ an der OTH Regensburg die Schnittstelle zwischen gebauter Umwelt und den eingesetzten digitalen und robotischen Technologien. Darüber hinaus wird der Systemansatz durch die weiteren Projektpartner komplementiert und kontinuierlich praxisnah validiert, um eine möglichst integrative Systemlösung zu gewährleisten. In diesem Beitrag wird auf die Entwicklung digitaler, als auch modularer Technologie als ‚Infill‘ für Gebäude bzw. Möbel seitens der OTH Regensburg eingegangen, um veranschaulichen zu können, wie mit gezielten technologischen Eingriffen ein signifikanter Mehrwert für die klinische bzw. pflegerische Umgebung geschaffen werden kann und simultan Aspekte der ökologischen, sozialen, wie auch wirtschaftlichen Nachhaltigkeit in die technische Entwicklung miteinfließen können KW - Kontaktreduzierte Pflege KW - Multimodale Systeme KW - Robotik KW - Sensorik Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-3-658-43333-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43334-5_17 SN - 2731-8834 SP - 301 EP - 316 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Karamara, Merve A1 - Bogdanski, Moritz-Ole A1 - Zöller, Raphael A1 - Albrecht, Sophie Viktoria A1 - Linner, Thomas A1 - Bock, Thomas A1 - Braml, Thomas T1 - Increasing efficiency and sustainability: A comparative analysis of concrete 3D printing and traditional methods based on case studies T2 - MATEC Web of Conferences N2 - At the forthcoming Concrete Solutions 2025 conference, the subject of concrete 3D printing will be explored in the “Case Studies” category, with a comparison to traditional methods. Concrete 3D printing offers several significant advantages, including the ability to create complex geometries, increased material efficiency, faster build times and cost savings. These are particularly important in the context of the current skilled labour shortage and emphasis on resource efficiency in construction. Nevertheless, challenges persist in the areas of machine reliability, process integration, and material adaptation to meet the requirements of 3D printing. The case studies will present modular and design-engineering-based strategies for the development of efficient, scalable automation solutions that integrate 3D printing into existing processes and allow for project-specific customisation through selective automation. These findings provide a robust framework for industrial applications that enhance efficiency and adaptability. By comparing concrete 3D printing to conventional methods, the insights offer a foundation for advancing automated production in construction, promoting scalable, resource-efficient, and economically sustainable practices that address the industry’s evolving demands. Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202540913005 N1 - Corresponding author der OTH Regensburg: Merve Karamara VL - 409 PB - EDP Sciences ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sýkora, Miroslav A1 - Diamantidis, Dimitris A1 - Marková, Jana A1 - Masciotta, Maria Giovanna ED - Baričević, Ana ED - Jelčić Rukavina, Marija ED - Damjanović, Domagoi ED - Guadagnini, Maurizio T1 - Optimizing in-situ testing for historic masonry structures: a case study BT - a case study T2 - International Conference on Sustainable Materials, Systems and Structures (SMSS 2019) : Durability, Monitoring and Repair of Structures, 20-22 March 2019, Rovinj, Croatia Y1 - 2019 UR - http://toc.proceedings.com/50441webtoc.pdf SN - 978-1-5108-9296-5 SP - 684 EP - 691 PB - RILEM Publications ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sakoparnig, Marlene A1 - Galan, Isabel A1 - Steindl, Florian Roman A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang A1 - Juhart, Joachim A1 - Grengg, Cyrill A1 - Briendl, Lukas G. A1 - Saxer, Andreas A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Mittermayr, Florian T1 - Durability of clinker reduced shotcrete: Ca2+ leaching, sintering, carbonation and chloride penetration JF - Materials and structures N2 - The reduction of clinker use is mandatory to lower the negative environmental impact of concrete. In shotcrete mixes, similarly to the case of conventional concrete, the use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and proper mix design allow for the substitution of clinker without compromising the mechanical properties. However, the impact of the substitution on the durability of shotcrete needs to be further assessed and understood. The results from the present study, obtained from real-scale sprayed concrete applications, show a reduction of the Ca2+ leaching and sintering potential of clinker-reduced shotcrete mixes due to the presence of SCMs. This positive effect, crucial for low maintenance costs of tunnels, is mainly related to a reduced portlandite content, which on the other hand negatively affects the carbonation resistance of shotcrete. Additionally, the hydration of SCMs positively influences the chloride penetration resistance presumably due to a combination of microstructural changes and changes in the chloride binding capacity. Differences found in the pore size distribution of the various mixes have low impact on the determined durability parameters, in particular compared to the effect of inhomogeneities produced during shotcrete application. KW - Carbonate precipitation KW - Carbonation KW - Chloride penetration KW - Durability KW - Leaching KW - Shotcrete Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-021-01644-7 VL - 54 SP - 1 EP - 23 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steindl, Florian Roman A1 - Galan, Isabel A1 - Baldermann, Andre A1 - Sakoparnig, Marlene A1 - Briendl, Lukas G. A1 - Juhart, Joachim A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Dietzel, Martin A1 - Röck, Rudolf A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang A1 - Mittermayr, Florian T1 - Sulfate durability and leaching behaviour of dry- and wet-mix shotcrete mixes JF - Cement and Concrete Research N2 - Shotcrete is a material frequently used in underground constructions such as tunnels, where Ca leaching and sulfate attack are important durability issues. In this study, two test methods were employed to investigate the sulfate resistance and leaching behaviour of dry- and wet-mix shotcretes in sulfate solutions on a time-resolved basis. Tests on powdered samples showed the dissolution of AFm, portlandite and C-A-S-H, subsequently followed by the precipitation of calcite and ettringite. The extent of sulfate expansion of drill cores corresponded to the chemical response of the powder materials, particularly on the reactivity of Ca- and Al-containing hydrated cement phases. The use of high-purity metakaolin (7-10 wt%) in the shotcrete binder significantly decreased the sulfate durability, while high amounts of other SCMs such as blast-furnace slag and silica fume (> 20 wt%) had a positive effect on the durability of shotcrete. KW - ADMIXTURES KW - ALKALI-FREE KW - ATTACK KW - BLAST-FURNACE SLAG KW - concrete KW - Durability KW - Leaching KW - MECHANISM KW - METAKAOLIN KW - RESISTANCE KW - SCMs KW - Shotcrete KW - Sulfate attack KW - TEMPERATURE KW - THAUMASITE FORM Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106180 VL - 137 IS - November SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Galan, Isabel A1 - Briendl, Lukas G. A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Steindl, Florian A1 - Roeck, Rudolf A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang A1 - Mittermayr, Florian T1 - Filler Effect in Shotcrete JF - Materials N2 - The effects of fine limestone powder on the early hydration of cementitious systems accelerated by means of alkali-free aluminum sulfate based products, commonly used for shotcrete applications, were investigated in the course of laboratory and real scale tests. In binary (CEM I + limestone) and ternary (CEM I + limestone + slag) systems the addition of fine limestone led to an enhancement of the hydration degree and strength development at early times (<24 h). The formation of ettringite, aluminate hydrates, and C-S-H is affected by the joint action of the setting accelerator and the fine limestone. Accelerator and limestone, in combination with the cement, can be optimized to enhance ettringite and silicate reaction, in some cases coupled with aluminate reaction inhibition, to produce mixes suitable for sprayed concrete applications. Such optimization can help to reduce the cement content in the mixes without compromising the early strength development of the shotcrete. KW - acceleration KW - ACCELERATORS KW - ALKALI-FREE KW - ALUMINUM SULFATE KW - CaCO3 KW - CALCIUM-CARBONATE KW - CEMENT HYDRATION KW - EARLY AGE HYDRATION KW - hydration KW - LIMESTONE POWDER KW - mechanical properties KW - PORTLAND-CEMENT Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12193221 VL - 12 IS - 19 SP - 1 EP - 24 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mittermayr, Florian A1 - Galan, Isabel A1 - Saade, Marcella Ruschi Mendes A1 - Saxer, Andreas A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - "ASSpC" Shotcrete research for the needs of tomorrow T2 - ICCC 2019: 15th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, ICCC 2019, 16.-20.09.2019, Prague, Czech Republik N2 - Shotcrete or sprayed concrete in tunneling in connection with the "New Austrian Tunneling Method” has been developed over the last decades to reach a high quality standard. However, at present the development of new shotcrete mixes is required to fulfill durability and stainability requirements, i.e. for superior performance in aggressive environments and reduction of maintenance costs. In the course of the project ASSpC ("Advanced and sustainable sprayed concrete") the research team focuses on producing and testing new and innovative shotcrete mixes using local and environmentally friendly raw materials. Sustainable and durable shotcrete with optimized mechanical and physical properties and improved chemical resistance is developed. This paper outlines the motivation for the project, gives an overview of the project structure and introduces key reaction mechanisms and environmental controls causing damage of shotcrete in tunnels. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://iccc-online.org/fileadmin/gruppen/iccc/proceedings/ICCC15_2019.pdf SP - 3518 EP - 3872 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schermer, Detleff A1 - Meyer, Udo Joachim A1 - Lutman, Marjana A1 - Triller, Petra T1 - Shear tests on full scale storey-height specimens constructed with thermally insulating clay unit masonry with thin-layer mortar JF - Mauerwerk N2 - The paper presents results of a series of 6 in-plane shear tests on storey-height clay unit masonry panels [1] with thin-layer mortar, carried out in addition to previous test campaigns [2], [3], and [4]. The walls were constructed with unfilled thermally insulating clay units with a thermal conductivity of lambda = 0.09 W/(m . K). The current design rules for clay unit masonry according to DIN EN 1996-1-1/NA [5] are conservative compared to the presented test results for thermally insulating clay unit masonry. KW - clay units KW - design KW - in-plane shear KW - test methods KW - thin-layer mortar KW - WALLS Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/dama.201900025 SN - 1432-3427 VL - 23 IS - 6 SP - 378 EP - 386 PB - Ernst & Sohn ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sakoparnig, Marlene A1 - Galan, Isabel A1 - Balderman, Andre A1 - Steindl, Florian A1 - Dietzel, Martin A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Saxer, Andreas A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang A1 - Mittermayr, Florian T1 - Experimental Ca leaching of shotcrete & secondary precipitation T2 - ICCC 2019: 15th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, ICCC 2019, 16.-20.09.2019, Prague, Czech Republik Y1 - 2019 UR - https://iccc-online.org/fileadmin/gruppen/iccc/proceedings/ICCC15_2019.pdf SP - 3488 EP - 3495 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Briendl, Lukas G. A1 - Galan, Isabel A1 - Steindl, Florian A1 - Röck, Rudolf A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Juhart, Joachim A1 - Baldermann, Andre A1 - Mittermayr, Florian A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - Hydration processes of accelerated cementitious systems governing early strength development T2 - ICCC 2019: 15th International Congress on Chemistry of Cement, 16.-20.09.2019, Prague, Czech Republik Y1 - 2019 SP - 714 EP - 724 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schermer, Detleff A1 - Schmalz, Jonathan A1 - Meyer, Udo Joachim A1 - Gams, Matija A1 - Lutman, Marjana A1 - Triller, Petra T1 - Shear tests on thermal insulating clay unit masonry walls with thin layer mortar JF - Mauerwerk N2 - The paper presents the results of 20 shear tests on full scale thermal insulating clay unit masonry walls. The types of units used (units with large chambers filled with mineral wool pads and units with small corings filled with mineral wool granulate) as well as the tested wall geometries and vertical loads are representative of the most common wall constructions currently used in housing in Germany. The aim of the investigations was the verification of the shear -resistance of thermal insulating clay unit masonry under realistic conditions and comparison with the design rules in the codes and national technical approvals. The current design rules for clay unit masonry in DIN EN 1996-1-1/NA are rather conservative compared to the test results for thermal insulating units. KW - design KW - experimental testing KW - high precision clay masonry units KW - masonry with thin layer mortar KW - shear KW - thin layer mortar Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/dama.201800028 VL - 22 IS - 6 SP - 385 EP - 398 PB - Ernst & Sohn, a Wiley brand ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Juhart, Joachim A1 - Briendl, Lukas G. A1 - Röck, Rudolf A1 - Galan, Isabel A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Mittermayr, Florian A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - Performance optimization of shotcrete by combined fillers T2 - ICCC 2019: 15th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, ICCC 2019, 16.-20.09.2019, Prague, Czech Republik Y1 - 2019 SP - 1387 EP - 3872 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sakoparnig, Marlene A1 - Galan, Isabel A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang A1 - Lindlar, Benedikt A1 - Koraimann, Günther A1 - Angerer, Thomas A1 - Steindl, Florian Roman A1 - Briendl, Lukas G. A1 - Jehle, Sebastian A1 - Flotzinger, Johannes A1 - Juhart, Joachim A1 - Mittermayr, Florian T1 - On the significance of accelerator enriched layers in wet-mix shotcrete JF - Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology N2 - The application process, which gives shotcrete its name is a robust and established method, dating back to the beginning of the 20th century. Since then, the spraying process has been significantly enhanced. However, during the last decades no major technical changes have been made. In this study the wet - mix shotcrete process including the dosing of accelerator was investigated. For this, we monitored the concrete and accelerator pressure with 5 sensors in the pumps and pipes, and analysed the accelerator distribution in the hardened shotcrete matrix. The recorded pressure fluctuations clearly indicated that the pumping of the concrete with a double-piston pump led to flow pulsations. The pressure along the accelerator pipes, controlled by a peristaltic pump, was not steady either. However, the accelerator flow pulsation had a higher frequency than that of the concrete flow. This misalignment led to changes in the accelerator to concrete ratio during the spraying process. The impact of these incongruent concrete and accelerator flows on the resulting hardened shotcrete was visually analysed with the use of 0.02 % uranin as fluorescent tracer added to the accelerator. The tracer distribution showed that changes in the accelerator/concrete ratio led to the formation of ‘accelerator layers’, layers with higher accelerator concentrations in the hardened shotcrete. These layers show differences in chemistry, mineralogy and open porosity compared to the rest of the shotcrete matrix. The presence of accelerator enriched layers can have detrimental effects on the shotcrete properties, especially affecting the durability and mechanical performance. In consequence, we recommend a revision of the shotcrete process to eliminate these inhomogeneities. KW - Inhomogeneities KW - Pulsation KW - Concrete pumping KW - Layering KW - Accelerator KW - Shotcrete Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2022.104764 VL - 131 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sakoparnig, Marlene A1 - Baldermann, Andre A1 - Thumann, Maria A1 - Mittermayr, Florian A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang T1 - Bestimmung der experimentellen Calcium-Auslaugung an Spritzbetonbohrkernen: Methodenvergleich und Update T2 - Spritzbeton-Tagung 2018, Alpbach, Österreich 11.-12.01.2018 N2 - Im Rahmen des FFG-Forschungsprojektes „Entwicklung neuer dauerhafter und nachhaltiger Spritzbetone (Advanced and sustainable sprayed concrete; ASSpC)“ werden Methoden zur Prüfung der Calcium-Auslaugung von Spritzbeton eingesetzt bzw. weiterentwickelt. Bestimmt wurde dafür das Reduzierte Versinterungspotential nach Regelwerken der Österreichischen Bautechnik Vereinigung und das Auslaugverhalten von Spritzbeton bei leichtem Säureangriff (Salpetersäure und Kohlensäure), um dauerhaftigkeitsrelevante Parameter im Bereich der Wechselwirkungen von Spritzbeton mit leicht sauren (Kohlensäure- und Nitrathaltigen) Oberflächen-, Grund- und Sickerwässern zu untersuchen und potentielle Schädigungsmechanismen zu identifizieren und zu quantifizieren. Die Vor- und Nachteile der verwendeten Prüfmethoden zum lösenden Angriff werden in Bezug auf die Dauerhaftigkeit von Spritzbeton diskutiert. T2 - DIFFERENT EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES TO STUDY CA-LEACHING IN SPRAYED CONCRETE: COMPARISON OF METHODS AND UPDATE Y1 - 2018 UR - http://www.spritzbeton-tagung.com/downloads/vortraege/2018/11_Sakoparnig_et_al_Methodenvergleich_Calcium-Auslaugung_an_Spritzbeton-Bohrkernen.pdf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Steindl, Florian A1 - Galan, Isabel A1 - Baldermann, Andre A1 - Sakoparnig, Marlene A1 - Dietzel, Martin A1 - Röck, Rudolf A1 - Kusterle, Wolfgang A1 - Mittermayr, Florian T1 - Dauerhaftigkeitsuntersuchungen an Trocken- und Nassspritzbetonen mit mineralischen Zusatzstoffen - Investigations on the durability of dry- and wet-mix sprayed concrete with mineral additions T2 - Spritzbeton-Tagung 2021, 21. + 22. Jänner 2021, Alpbach Tirol N2 - Die Dauerhaftigkeit von Spritzbeton kann, insbesondere in seiner Verwendung als Stütz-und Ausbaumaterial im Tunnelbau, durch chemische Angriffe deutlich herabgesetzt werden. Im Forschungsprojekt "Entwicklung neuer dauerhafter und nachhaltiger Spritzbetone (ASSpC)" wurden Prüfkörper von Trocken-und Nassspritzbetonen in Großspritzversuchen hergestellt. Der Sulfatwiderstand und das Lösungsverhalten der Betone in sulfathaltigen wässrigen Lösungen wurden mit drei Testverfahren bestimmt und die Ergebnisse miteinander verglichen: Ein Pulvertestverfahren zeigt die Auflösung von Zementhydratphasen zugunsten der Neubildung von Calcit und Ettringit. Das Ausmaß der Sulfatdehnung an Bohrkernen, ermittelt im zweiten Testverfahren, korrespondiert mit dem chemischen Verhalten des gemahlenen Materials, insbesondere bezüglich der Reaktivität von calcium-und aluminium-haltigen Hydratphasen. Der Thaumasitwiderstand, ermittelt über Masseverlust von Prüf-körpern, zeigte eine weitgehende Übereinstimmung mit den zuvor genannten Tests. Die Verwendung von hochreinen Metakaolinen (7-10 M-% des Bindemittels) oder Feinstcalcit (5-10 M-% des Bindemittels) allein führte insgesamt zu deutlich geringerer Sulfatbeständigkeit. Hingegen konnten hohe Gehalte an Hüttensand oder Silikastaub auch in Kombination mit Metakaolin und Feinstcalcit den Sulfatwiderstand von Spritzbeton erhöhen. The durability of shotcrete can be degraded by chemical attacks, especially if used as ground support in tunnel construction. In the course of the research project "Advanced and Sustainable Sprayed Concrete (ASSpC)" test specimens of dry-mix and wet-mix shotcrete were sprayed in large-scale tests. The sulfate resistance and the leaching behaviour of these shotcretes were assessed in sulfate-bearing solutions. A test procedure based on the use of shotcrete powders shows that hydrated cement phases dissolve in favour of calcite and ettringite neo-formation. The sulfate expansion measured on drill cores in the second procedure corresponds to the behaviour of the powders, especially regarding the reactivity of calcium-and aluminium-bearing hydrated phases. The resistance against thaumasite attack, assessed by measuring the mass loss of prisms, coincides with the former test results. The exclusive use of high-purity metakaolin (7-10 wt-% of binder) or fine calcium carbonate (5-10 wt-% of binder) leads to a decrease in the sulfate durability. However, high amounts of blast furnace slag or silica fume can increase the sulfate resistance of shotcrete even when used in combination with metakaolin or fine calcium carbonate. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.spritzbeton-tagung.com/downloads/vortraege/2021/17_Steindl.pdf SP - 94 EP - 111 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pfahler, Katharina A1 - Thiel, Charlotte A1 - Neidhart, Thomas T1 - Einfluss der Probengeometrie auf die Mechanischen Eigenschaften von Stampflehm - Eine Literaturrecherche T2 - ce/papers - Proceedings in Civil Engineering N2 - Der Klimawandel lenkt den Fokus im Bauwesen zunehmend auf die Reduktion von Treibhausgasen und die Förderung nachhaltiger Materialien. Baustoffe wie Lehm gewinnen dank ihrer ökologischen und bauphysikalischen Vorteile an Bedeutung. Eine zentrale Herausforderung stellt die Definition standardisierter Prüfmethoden für Stampflehm dar. Dieser Beitrag analysiert Forschungsergebnisse zur Geometrie von Stampflehmprobekörpern mittels Literaturrecherche und vergleicht experimentelle Untersuchungen sowie relevante Normen und Testmethoden. Die Auswertung zeigt, dass äußere Einflüsse wie Mischungszusammensetzung, Verdichtungsenergie, Gesteinskörnung und Tonminerale eine zentrale Rolle spielen. Eine Vereinheitlichung von Probengeometrie, Lagerung und Prüfverfahren ist essenziell, um reproduzierbare Ergebnisse zu erzielen und die mechanischen Kennwerte von Stampflehm vergleichbar zu machen. Ziel ist es, einheitliche Standards zu entwickeln, um die Stampflehmbauweise in der Praxis zu fördern. KW - Lehmbau KW - Stampflehm KW - Stampflehm Y1 - 2025 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:898-opus4-80291 SN - 2509-7075 N1 - Corresponding author der OTH Regensburg: Katharina Pfahler VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 57 EP - 68 PB - Ernst & Sohn, a Wiley Brand ER -